Jew badges, abolished by Pius IV, 588.
decreed by popes, 216, 250, 566, 590.
enforced, 54, 131, 138–139, 150, 255, 258, 266, 278, 519, 543, 545, 696, 702.
Jewish colleges in France dispersed, 48.
Jewish congregations autonomous, 40.
Jew quarters decreed by popes, 250, 566, 590.
in Spain, 203, 335–336.
in Venice, 408.
Jews aid Hussites, 222.
and Marranos, 334–335.
and the Black Death, 101–114.
and the Dutch in Brazil, 693–694.
and the Reformation, 470.
as artisans, 74–75.
as physicians, 275, 287, 407–408, 411, 653–654, 692.
as printers, 289, 581.
declared outlaws, 107.
divided into national groups, 478.
emigrate to Turkey, 273.
granted to electors, 128.
hated by Luther, 547–552.
in the fourteenth century, 127.
in the Peasant War, 542–543.
in the Thirty Years' War, 701–702, 707–708.
indispensable to Christians, 127, 137, 263, 353.
maintain catechumens, 566.
persecuted by the clergy, 163–164.
proscribed by the Council of Basle, 245–246.
protected by Charles IV, 106.
scientific inquiry among, 479.
spiritual condition of, in the Middle Ages, 477–479.
under Emperor Sigismund, 248.
wanderings of, 676.
See also the various countries, etc.
Jikatilla, Joseph ben Abraham, Kabbalist, 3, 6, 10, 466.
Joachim I, elector of Brandenburg, persecutes the Jews, 440.
Joachim II, elector of Brandenburg, alluded to, 652.
João, Infante of Portugal, and Leonora, 160.
João I, of Portugal, protects new-Christians, 217–218.
João II, of Portugal, 340, 373.
and Isaac Abrabanel, 341.
and Judah Abrabanel, 361.
and the Spanish exiles, 352, 365–366, 370–371.
lays restrictions upon Marranos, 368.
summons an astronomical congress, 367.
transports Jewish children, 371.
João III, of Portugal, and David Reubeni, 493.
institutes a Jew badge, 519.
plans the Inquisition, 488–491, 499–500.
Joanna, of Castile, alluded to, 373.
Joanna, of Naples, hostile to Jews, 258.
Job, book of, paraphrased, 140.
poem by Belmonte, 665.
Jochanan, son of Matathiah Provenci, rabbi, 152, 153, 162.
John II, duke of Brabant, and the Jews, 112.
John II, of Aragon, Jews under, 274, 275.
John Albert, of Poland, hostile to Jews, 419.
John George, elector of Brandenburg, alluded to, 652.
John Maurice, of Nassau, stadtholder of Brazil, 693.
John of Capistrano, 249, 257–268, 276, 277, 296, 418, 419.
arouses hatred against Jews, 258–263, 266–268.
employed by Nicholas V, 253.
in Poland, 265.
in Silesia, 260–263.
in southern Germany, 258–260.
John, of France, permits Jews to return to France, 128–129, 133.
John XXII, pope, exiles Jews, 61.
opposed to a crusade, 55.
John XXIII, pope, character of, 201.
John of Valladolid, apostate, 140–141, 209.
Jonah, rabbi of Vienna, 110.
Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives (Joshua Allorqui), opponent of Paul Burgensis, 186–187.
Joshua, father of Narboni, 94.
José ben José, Hebrew poet, 67.
Joseph, son of Manessier de Vesoul, convert, 150.
Joseph ben Abraham Ibn-Benveniste Halevi. See Joseph of Ecija.
Joseph ben Abraham Jikatilla, Kabbalist, 3, 6, 10, 466.
Joseph ben Israel, father of Manasseh ben Israel, 671.
Joseph de Avila discovers the spuriousness of the Zohar, 20.
Joseph, duke of Mantua, banishes rabbis, 295.
Joseph, Karaite, 269.
Joseph of Arli, Kabbalist, 511–512.
Joseph of Ecija (Joseph ben Abraham Ibn-Benveniste Halevi), treasurer of Alfonso XI, 76, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84.
Josephus, 614.
work of, translated, 608.
Joslin of Rosheim. See Loans, Joseph ben Gershon.
Juan Alfonso de Albuquerque, minister of Pedro the Cruel, 115, 117.
Juan de España (Juan the Old), convert, 233.
Juan de Lucena, executes the edict of banishment, 348–349, 355.
Juan de Seville. See Abrabanel, Samuel (I).
Juan Emanuel, regent of Castile, favors Jews, 52–53.
Juan I, of Aragon, character of, 170.
Juan I, of Castile, and the Jews, 157, 158.
and the regent of Portugal, 160.
crowned, 156.
regent of Portugal, 161–162.
Juan II, of Castile, 193, 275, 277.
and the Jews, 228–229, 251, 252.
complains of the Marranos, 256.
permits a synod to be held, 229.
restrictions laid upon Jews under, 203–204.
Judah, treasurer of Ferdinand of Portugal, 159, 160, 161, 162.
Judah ben Baba, alluded to, 536.
Judah ben Moses Tibbon, opponent of Abba Mari, 32.
Judah ben Yechiel (Messer Leon), rabbi in Mantua, 289–290.
attainments and works, 289.
feud with Joseph Kolon, 295.
hostility to, 293.
Judah, Siciliano, poet, 60, 68.
"Judah's Rod of Correction," history by the Ibn-Vergas, 557–558.
Judaism and the Reformation, 471–476.
"Judaism, or the Jewish Doctrine," by John Miller, 692.
Judenmeister, three rabbis in Germany, 227.
"Judenstättigkeit" residence of Jews in Frankfort and Worms, 695–696.
abolished, 700.
Juderia, Jew quarter, 169.
Juglar, Gaspar, inquisitor, 326.
Julian, the Apostate alluded to, 267.
Julius II, pope, alluded to, 407, 408.
Julius III, pope, and the Portuguese Marranos, 528.
and the Talmud, 565.
Justiniani, Augustin, Hebrew scholar, 473–474.
Kabbala, the, 1–23, 91, 196.
and Pope Sixtus IV, 292.
and Reuchlin, 466–467, 481.
Christian dogmas in, 291–292.
compared with the Talmud, 19.
Elias del Medigo on, 292.
in the East, 617–627.
studied by Pico di Mirandola, 291–292, 443.
Kabbalistic centers, 1, 2, 399, 405, 538.
Kabbalistic terms, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22, 572, 619, 620.
Kabbalistic works, 6, 10, 196, 197.
the Zohar, 11–24.
translated, 443.
Kabbalists, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 20, 21, 74, 196, 197, 291, 335, 369, 381, 399, 405, 466, 481, 511, 538, 556, 618, 623, 625.
Kahal Kados, the Recife Jewish community, 693.
Kahiya, advocate of Turkish Jews, 404.
Kalish, Jews of, massacred, 111.
Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, satirist, 61–63, 68.
Kalonymos ben Todros, partisan of Abba-Mari, 34, 38, 39.
Kalmann, of Ratisbon, convert, 288.
Kalmann, an immigrant, urges Jews to go to Turkey, 271.
Kapsali, Elias ben Elkanah, historian, 406–407, 557.
Kapsali, Eliezer, influences Karaites to Rabbinism, 270.
Kapsali, Elkanah, aids Spanish exiles in Candia, 364.
Kapsali, Moses, chief rabbi of Turkey, 268–269, 402.
aids Spanish exiles, 364.
and Karaites, 270, 271.
Karaism and Shemarya Ikriti, 69.
Karaites, calendar, 70, 270.
converted to Rabbinism, 72.
dissensions among, 269–270.
establish pilgrim prayers, 73–74.
feud with Elias Mizrachi, 403–404.
instructed by Rabbanites, 269–271.
marriage laws, 70.
Karben, von, Victor, convert, 424–425.
appointed to examine into Hebrew books, 441, 444.
Kara, Avigedor, friend of Emperor Wenceslaus, 166.
Karo, Joseph, 580, 599, 637.
and Molcho, 511, 537.
converted to Kabbalism, 496–497, 537.
his code, 539, 612, 613.
his Maggid, 497, 537–539.
opposes Dei Rossi, 616.
ordained, 536, 537.
Kartiel, Kabbalistic term, 17.
Kaspi, Joseph, philosopher, 87, 91.
Kelifa (Kelifoth), Kabbalistic term, 17, 620.
Kepler, alluded to, 638.
Khataib, Spanish synagogue at Damascus, 400.
Kiera, Esther, Turkish court Jewess, 629–630.
patroness of Jewish learning, 608, 630.
Kimchi, David, alluded to, 476.
Kimchi, Moses, grammarian, 474.
Kimchis, the, alluded to, 442.
King, Kabbalistic term, 18.
Klausner, Abraham, compiles Jewish customs, 134.
Klonowicz, Polish poet, 643.
Kodesh ha-Kodashim, work by Ibn-Labi Ferrer, 234.
Kolon, Joseph ben Solomon, rabbi of Mantua, 294–295.
Königsberg, Jews of, burnt, 110–111.
Krems, Jews of, commit suicide, 110.
Kunigunde, influences Emperor Maximilian against the Jews, 428–429, 437, 440.
La Asumção, de, Diogo, convert to Judaism, 668–669, 670.
La Caballeria, de, Pedro, apostate, 231.
Ladislaus, of Bohemia, and the Ratisbon Jews, 303.
Ladislaus, of Hungary, and the Jews of Bohemia, 417.
and the Jews of Breslau, 262–263.
La Fuente, de, Juan, inquisitor, 484.
Lagarto, Jacob, first American Talmudical author, 693.
La Guardia, Jews of, accused of child-murder, 343.
Lämmlein, Asher, forerunner of the Messiah, 482–483.
Languedoc, Jews of, and the ban against science, 40.
protected by the governor, 132.
Lansac, de, French ambassador, 577.
Larta, Jewish exiles in, 406.
Lateran Council (Fourth) and the Reuchlin quarrel, 464.
Lates, de, Bonet, physician to popes, 407–408.
aids Reuchlin, 453–454.
Leather-arms. See Armleder.
Lecha Dodi, Sabbath song, 538.
Lemberg, meeting-place of Talmudists, 640.
Leo X, pope, 407, 408, 592.
and Reuchlin, 452–453, 465.
encourages the printing of the Talmud, 468, 565.
Leo of Crema, alluded to, 287.
Leo Medigo. See Abrabanel, Judah Leon.
Leo the Hebrew. See Levi ben Gerson.
Leon de Bagnols. See Levi ben Gerson.
Leon, Jacob Jehuda, controversial author, 691.
Leon, Jews of, baptized, 205.
Leon, (Messer). See Judah ben Yechiel.
Leonora d'Este, and Jews, 660.
Leonora de Guzman, mistress of Alfonso XI, saves the Jews, 85, 113.
Leonora, of Portugal, regent, plots against Juan I of Castile, 161.
removes Jews from office, 160.
Lenoora, of Tuscany, and Benvenida Abrabanela, 410, 544.
Lepers accuse Jews, 57.
Lerida, Jews of, converted, 214.
massacred, 172.
Lerida opposes the Inquisition, 332.
"Letter of Aristas" translated by Deï Rossi, 615.
"Letter of Warning," by Solomon Alami, 154.
"Letters of Obscurantists," a satire, 461–462.
Levi, Abraham, Kabbalist, 481.
Levi, Astruc, delegate at the Tortosa disputation, 208, 214, 215.
Levi ben Abraham ben Chayim, chief of the allegorists, 24–25, 91.
takes refuge with Sulami, 28–29.
Levi ben Gerson (Gersonides, Leo the Hebrew, Leon de Bagnols), philosopher, 87, 91–94, 146, 147, 197, 342, 442, 476.
and Pope Clement VI, 94, 103.
astronomer, and physician, 91–92.
author of a methodology of the Mishna, 92.
predicts the Messianic redemption, 120.
Levi ben Shem Tob, convert, 375.
Levi of Villefranche. See Levi ben Abraham ben Chayim.
Levi, Solomon, (Paul Burgensis, Paul de Santa Maria), convert, 182–190, 231, 256, 342.
favored by Pope Benedict XIII, 184, 190.
lays restrictions upon the Jews of Castile, 203–204.
revives anti-Jewish laws, 194–195.
work by, 233.
Levita, Elias. See Elias Levita.
"Light of the Eyes," work by Deï Rossi, 615, 616.
Lima, de, David, builds the third Hamburg synagogue, 691.
Limpo, Balthasar, bishop, and Pope Paul III, 525–526.
Lindau, Jews of, charged with the blood-accusation, 227.
persecuted, 105.
Lipmann of Mühlhausen (Tab-Yomi), scholar, 178.
Lippold, physician, tortured, 652.
Lisbon, port for exiles, 374, 376.
council of, hostile to the Jews, 160.
Inquisition at, 508.
Marranos massacred in, 487.
Lithuania, Jews of, enjoy peace, 418, 420.
the Reformation in, 646–648.
"Little Book about the Jews," pamphlet, 545–546, 547.
Liturgy Kabbalistic, 481.
Loans, Jacob ben Yechiel, physician to Frederick III, 413–414.
teacher of Reuchlin, 433.
Loans, Joseph ben Gershon, and Molcho, 510.
representative of Jews, 414.
Lodi, Jews of, expelled, 660.
Logroño, Jews of, persecuted, 170.
Longo, Saadio, Hebrew poet, 609.
Lopes de Almeida, Portuguese ambassador to Rome, 340.
Lopez, Pedro, poet and chronicler, quoted, 121, 122.
Lorqui, Joseph. See Geronimo de Santa Fé.
Lost Islands, Jewish children at the, 371.
Louis, duke of Bavaria, and the Jews of Ratisbon, 301–302, 303.
Louis, duke of Landshut (the Rich), persecutes Jews, 253–254.
Louis, emperor (the Bavarian), and the Jews, 96, 98.
sons of, favor the persecution of the Jews, 110.
Louis, of Brandenburg, orders the persecution of Jews, 110–111.
Louis, of Darmstadt, protects Jews, 699.
Louis X, of France, recalls the Jews, 53, 54.
Louis XII, of France, and Reuchlin, 459.
Louis, of Hungary, and the Jews, 111.
Louis, regent of France, extends the privileges of Jews, 150.