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The Third Conjugation.

regor, am ruled.

PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.	Plural.
regor, I am ruled	regimur, we are ruled
regeris or -re, thou art ruled	regiminī, you are ruled
regitur, he is ruled	reguntur, they are ruled
Imperfect Tense.
regēbar, I was ruled	regēbāmur, we were ruled
regēbāre or -ris, thou wert ruled	regēbāminī, you were ruled
regēbātur, he was ruled	regēbantur, they were ruled
Future Tense.
regar, I shall be ruled	regēmur, we shall be ruled
regēre or -ris, thou wilt be ruled	regēminī, you will be ruled
regētur, he will be ruled	regentur, they will be ruled
Perfect Tense.
rēctus sum, I have been, or was ruled	rēctī sumus, we have been, or were ruled
rēctus es, thou hast been, or wert ruled	rēctī estis, you have been, or were ruled
rēctus est, he has been, or was ruled	rēctī sunt, they have been, or were ruled
Pluperfect Tense.
rēctus eram, I had been ruled	rēctī erāmus, we had been ruled
rēctus erās, thou hadst been ruled	rēctī erātis, you had been ruled
rēctus erat, he had been ruled	rēctī erant, they had been ruled
Future Perfect Tense.
rēctus erō, I shall have been ruled	rēctī erimus, we shall have been ruled
rēctus eris, thou wilt have been ruled	rēctī eritis, you will have been ruled
rēctus erit, he will have been ruled	rēctī erunt, they will have been ruled
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.	Plural.
regar, may I be ruled	regāmur, may we be ruled
regāre or -ris, mayst thou be ruled	regāminī, may you be ruled
regātur, let him be ruled	regantur, let them be ruled
Imperfect Tense.
regerer, I should be ruled	regerēmur, we should be ruled
regerēre or -ris, thou wouldst be ruled	regerēminī, you would be ruled
regerētur, he would be ruled	regerentur, they would be ruled
Perfect Tense.
rēctus sim, I may have been ruled	rēctī sīmus, we may have been ruled
rēctus sīs, thou mayst have been ruled	rēctī sītis, you may have been ruled
rēctus sit, he may have been ruled	rēctī sint, they may have been ruled
Pluperfect Tense.
rēctus essem, I should have been ruled	rēctī essēmus, we should have been ruled
rēctus essēs, thou wouldst have been ruled	rēctī essētis, you would have been ruled
rēctus esset, he would have been ruled	rēctī essent, they would have been ruled
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
regere or regitor, be ruled, thou shalt be ruled	regiminī, be ruled
regitor, he shall be ruled	reguntor, they shall be ruled
NOUNS OF THE VERB.
INFINITIVE.	GERUNDIVE.
Pres. regī, to be ruled	regendus, to be ruled
Perf. rēctus esse, to have been ruled	PERFECT PARTICIPLE.
Fut. rēctum īrī, to be going to be ruled*, not used (2273)	rēctus, ruled

VERBS IN -iō, -ere.

784. Verbs in -iō, -ere, as capiō, capere, take (cap-), drop an i in some forms of the present and imperfect. The present system is as follows:

	ACTIVE VOICE.
	INDICATIVE MOOD.
	Singular.	Plural.
Pres.	capiō, capis, capit	capimus, capitis, capiunt
Imp.	capiēbam, capiēbās, capiēbat	capiēbāmus, capiēbātis, capiēbant
Fut.	capiam, capiēs, capiet	capiēmus, capiētis, capient
	SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Pres.	capiam, capiās, capiat	capiāmus, capiātis, capiant
Imp.	caperem, caperēs, caperet	caperēmus, caperētis, caperent
	IMPERATIVE MOOD.
	cape or capitō, capitō	capite or capitōte, capiuntō
	INFINITIVE.	PARTICIPLE.
Pres.	capere	capiēns
	GERUND.
Gen.	capiendī, &c.
	PASSIVE VOICE.
	INDICATIVE MOOD.
	Singular.	Plural.
Pres.	capior, caperis or -re, capitur	capimur, capiminī, capiuntur
Imp.	capiēbar, capiēbāre or -ris, capiēbātur	capiēbāmur, capiēbāminī, capiēbantur
Fut.	capiar, capiēre or -ris, capiētur	capiēmur, capiēminī, capientur
	SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Pres.	capiar, capiāre or -ris, capiātur	capiāmur, capiāminī, capiantur
Imp.	caperer, caperēre or -ris, caperētur	caperēmur, caperēminī, caperentur
	IMPERATIVE MOOD.
	capere or capitor, capitor	capiminī, capiuntor
	INFINITIVE.	GERUNDIVE.
Pres.	capi	capiendus

785. There are a dozen verbs in -īō, -ere, like capiō, and three deponents in -ior, -ī, all formed from consonant roots with a short vowel: see 836. aiō, say, and fīō, grow, become, have certain peculiarities arising from the blending of the root with the suffix.

(1.) aiō, say, say ay, avouch (ag-).

786. aiō, say, is defective, and has only these parts in common use:

	Singular.	Plural.
Ind. Pres.	aiō, ais, ait	——, ——, aiunt
Ind. Imp.	aiēbam, aiēbās, aiēbat	aiēbāmus, aiēbātis, aiēbant
Subj. Pres.	——, aiās, aiāt	——, ——, ——

787. For aiō, sometimes written aiiō (23), see 153, 2. Old forms are: present ais, aīs, a͡is, or with -n interrogative āin, a͡in; aīt, ait, or a͡it; imperfect a͡ibam, a͡ibās, a͡ibat, and a͡ibant; imperative once only, aī (Naev.). A participle aientibus, affirmative, occurs once (Cic.).

(2.) fīō, become, am made.

788. fīō, become, and factus sum supplement each other: in the present system, the passive of faciō, make, except the gerundive, faciendus, is not used, fīō, &c., taking its place; in the perfect system, only factus sum, &c., is used.

	Singular.	Plural.
Ind. Pres.	fīō, fīs, fit	——, ——, fīunt
Ind. Imp.	fīēbam, fīēbās, fīēbat	fīēbāmus, fīēbātis, fīēbant
Ind. Fut.	fīam, fīēs, fīet	fīēmus, fīētis, fīent
Subj. Pres.	fīam, fīās, fīat	fīāmus, fīātis, fīant
Subj. Imp.	fierem, fierēs, fieret	fierēmus, fierētis, fierent
Imper.	fī	fīte
Infin. Pres.	fierī	Part. Pres. ——

789. In fīō, &c., ī represents an older ei, seen in FEIENT (inscr. 45 B.C.). The infinitive fierī for fierei owes its passive ending to analogy; the active form fiere occurs twice (Enn., Laev.). The vowel before -er- in fierem, &c., and fierī, is sometimes long in the dramatists, where a cretic (- ⏑ -) is required, but otherwise always short.

790. -fīō is used in apparent compounds (394): as, patē̆fit. In real compounds commonly -ficior: as, cōnficior; but sometimes -fīō: as, cōnfit, cōnfīunt, cōnfīat, cōnfieret, cōnfierent, cōnfī̆erī; dēfit, dēfīet, dēfīat, dēfierī; effit, effīant, ecfīerī; īnfit; interfīat, interfīerī; superfit, superfīat.

791. Some verbs in -iō, -ere (or -ior, -ī), have occasionally the form of verbs in -īre (or -īrī), in some parts of the present system, oftenest before an r, and particularly in the passive infinitive: as,

fodīrī, 3 times (Cato, Col. 2), circumfodīrī (Col.), ecfodīrī (Plaut.); adgredīrī (adgredīrier), 4 times (Plaut.), prōgredīrī (Plaut.); morīrī 6 times (Plaut. 4, Pomp., Ov.), ēmorīrī twice (Plaut., Ter.); orīrī, always; parīre, twice (Plaut., Enn.); usually potīrī (potīrier). Also cupīret (Lucr.); adgredīre, adgredībor, adgredīmur (Plaut.); morīmur (Enn.); orīris (Varr., Sen.), adorītur (Lucil., Lucr.), orīrētur (Cic., Nep., Sall., Liv.), adorīrētur (Liv., Suet.); parībis (Pomp.), PARIRET (inscr.); potīris (Manil.), potītur (Lucil., Ov.), &c., &c.

II. Denominative Verbs.

The First Conjugation.

792.

laudō, praise.

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
Pres. Indic.	Pres. Infin.	Perf. Indic.	Perf. Part.
laudō	laudāre	laudāvī	laudātus
ACTIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.		Plural.
laudō, I praise, or am praising		laudāmus, we praise, or are praising
laudās, thou praisest, or art praising		laudātis, you praise, or are praising
laudat, he praises, or is praising		laudant, they praise, or are praising
Imperfect Tense.
laudābam, I was praising, or I praised		laudābāmus, we were praising, or we praised
laudābās, thou wert praising, or thou praisedst		laudābātis, you were praising, or you praised
laudābat, he was praising, or he praised		laudābant, they were praising, or they praised
Future Tense.
laudābō, I shall praise		laudābimus, we shall praise
laudābis, thou wilt praise		laudābitis, you will praise
laudābit, he will praise		laudābunt, they will praise
Perfect Tense.
laudāvī, I have praised, or I praised		laudāvimus, we have praised, or we praised
laudāvistī, thou hast praised, or thou praisedst		laudāvistis, you have praised, or you praised
laudāvit, he has praised, or he praised		laudāvērunt or -re, they have praised, or they praised
Pluperfect Tense.
laudāveram, I had praised		laudāverāmus, we had praised
laudāverās, thou hadst praised		laudāverātis, you had praised
laudāverat, he had praised		laudāverant, they had praised
Future Perfect Tense.
laudāverō, I shall have praised		laudāverimus, we shall have praised
laudāveris, thou wilt have praised		laudāveritis, you will have praised
laudāverit, he will have praised		laudāverint, they will have praised
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.		Plural.
laudem, may I praise		laudēmus, let us praise
laudēs, mayst thou praise		laudētis, may you praise
laudet, let him praise		laudent, let them praise
Imperfect Tense.
laudārem, I should praise		laudārēmus, we should praise
laudārēs, thou wouldst praise		laudārētis, you would praise
laudāret, he would praise		laudārent, they would praise
Perfect Tense.
laudāverim, I may have praised		laudāverīmus, we may have praised
laudāverīs, thou mayst have praised		laudāverītis, you may have praised
laudāverit, he may have praised		laudāverint, they may have praised
Pluperfect Tense.
laudāvissem, I should have praised		laudāvissēmus, we should have praised
laudāvissēs, thou wouldst have praised		laudāvissētis, you would have praised
laudāvisset, he would have praised		laudāvissent, they would have praised
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
laudā or laudātō, praise, thou shalt praise		laudāte or laudātōte, praise, you shall praise
laudātō, he shall praise		laudantō, they shall praise
NOUNS OF THE VERB.
INFINITIVE.		PARTICIPLE.
Pres. laudāre, to praise		Pres. laudāns, praising
Perf. laudāvisse, to have praised
Fut. laudātūrus esse, to be going to praise		Fut. laudātūrus, going to praise
GERUND.		SUPINE.
Gen. laudandī, of praising
Dat. laudandō, for praising
Acc. laudandum, praising		Acc. laudātum, to praise
Abl. laudandō, by praising		Abl. laudātū, in praising*, not used

VERBS IN -āre.

The First Conjugation.

793.

laudor, am praised.

PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.	Plural.
laudor, I am praised	laudāmur, we are praised
laudāris or -re, thou art praised	laudāminī, you are praised
laudātur, he is praised	laudantur, they are praised
Imperfect Tense.
laudābar, I was praised	laudābāmur, we were praised
laudābāre or -ris, thou wert praised	laudābāminī, you were praised
laudābātur, he was praised	laudābantur, they were praised
Future Tense.
laudābor, I shall be praised	laudābimur, we shall be praised
laudābere or -ris, thou wilt be praised	laudābiminī, you will be praised
laudābitur, he will be praised	laudābuntur, they will be praised
Perfect Tense.
laudātus sum, I have been, or was praised	laudātī sumus, we have been, or were praised
laudātus es, thou hast been, or wert praised	laudātī estis, you have been, or were praised
laudātus est, he has been, or was praised	laudātī sunt, they have been, or were praised
Pluperfect Tense.
laudātus eram, I had been praised	laudātī erāmus, we had been praised
laudātus erās, thou hadst been praised	laudātī erātis, you had been praised
laudātus erat, he had been praised	laudātī erant, they had been praised
Future Perfect Tense.
laudātus erō, I shall have been praised	laudātī erimus, we shall have been praised
laudātus eris, thou wilt have been praised	laudātī eritis, you will have been praised
laudātus erit, he will have been praised	laudātī erunt, they will have been praised
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.	Plural.
lauder, may I be praised	laudēmur, may we be praised
laudēre or -ris, mayst thou be praised	laudēminī, may you be praised
laudētur, let him be praised	laudentur, let them be praised
Imperfect Tense.
laudārer, I should be praised	laudārēmur, we should be praised
laudārēre or -ris, thou wouldst be praised	laudārēminī, you would be praised
laudārētur, he would be praised	laudārentur, they would be praised
Perfect Tense.
laudātus sim, I may have been praised	laudātī sīmus, we may have been praised
laudātus sīs, thou mayst have been praised	laudātī sītis, you may have been praised
laudātus sit, he may have been praised	laudātī sint, they may have been praised
Pluperfect Tense.
laudātus essem, I should have been praised	laudātī essēmus, we should have been praised
laudātus essēs, thou wouldst have been praised	laudātī essētis, you would have been praised
laudātus esset, he would have been praised	laudātī essent, they would have been praised
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
laudāre or laudātor, be praised, thou shalt be praised	laudāminī, be praised
laudātor, he shall be praised	laudantor, they shall be praised
NOUNS OF THE VERB.
INFINITIVE.	GERUNDIVE.
Pres. laudārī, to be praised	laudandus, to be praised
Perf. laudātus esse, to have been praised	PERFECT PARTICIPLE.
Fut. laudātum īrī, to be going to be praised*, not used (2273)	laudātus, praised

The Second Conjugation.

794.

moneō, advise.

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
Pres. Indic.	Pres. Infin.	Perf. Indic.	Perf. Part.
moneō	monēre	monuī	monitus
ACTIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.		Plural.
moneō, I advise, or am advising		monēmus, we advise, or are advising
monēs, thou advisest, or art advising		monētis, you advise, or are advising
monet, he advises, or is advising		monent, they advise, or are advising
Imperfect Tense.
monēbam, I was advising, or I advised		monēbāmus, we were advising, or we advised
monēbās, thou wert advising, or thou advisedst		monēbātis, you were advising, or you advised
monēbat, he was advising, or he advised		monēbant, they were advising, or they advised
Future Tense.
monēbō, I shall advise		monēbimus, we shall advise
monēbis, thou wilt advise		monēbitis, you will advise
monēbit, he will advise		monēbunt, they will advise
Perfect Tense.
monuī, I have advised, or I advised		monuimus, we have advised, or we advised
monuistī, thou hast advised, or thou advisedst		monuistis, you have advised, or you advised
monuit, he has advised, or he advised		monuērunt or -re, they have advised, or they advised
Pluperfect Tense.
monueram, I had advised		monuerāmus, we had advised
monuerās, thou hadst advised		monuerātis, you had advised
monuerat, he had advised		monuerant, they had advised
Future Perfect Tense.
monuerō, I shall have advised		monuerimus, we shall have advised
monueris, thou wilt have advised		monueritis, you will have advised
monuerit, he will have advised		monuerint, they will have advised
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.		Plural.
moneam, may I advise		moneāmus, let us advise
moneās, mayst thou advise		moneātis, may you advise
moneat, let him advise		moneant, let them advise
Imperfect Tense.
monērem, I should advise		monērēmus, we should advise
monērēs, thou wouldst advise		monērētis, you would advise
monēret, he would advise		monērent, they would advise
Perfect Tense.
monuerim, I may have advised		monuerīmus, we may have advised
monuerīs, thou mayst have advised		monuerītis, you may have advised
monuerit, he may have advised		monuerint, they may have advised
Pluperfect Tense.
monuissem, I should have advised		monuissēmus, we should have advised
monuissēs, thou wouldst have advised		monuissētis, you would have advised
monuisset, he would have advised		monuissent, they would have advised
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
monē or monētō, advise, thou shalt advise		monēte or monētōte, advise, you shall advise
monētō, he shall advise		monentō, they shall advise
NOUNS OF THE VERB.
INFINITIVE.		PARTICIPLE.
Pres. monēre, to advise		Pres. monēns, advising
Perf. monuisse, to have advised
Fut. monitūrus esse, to be going to advise		Fut. monitūrus, going to advise
GERUND.		SUPINE.
Gen. monendī, of advising
Dat. monendō, for advising
Acc. monendum, advising		Acc. monitum, to advise*, not used
Abl. monendō, by advising		Abl. monitū, in advising

VERBS IN -ēre.

The Second Conjugation.

795.

moneor, am advised.

PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.	Plural.
moneor, I am advised	monēmur, we are advised
monēris or -re, thou art advised	monēminī, you are advised
monētur, he is advised	monentur, they are advised
Imperfect Tense.
monēbar, I was advised	monēbāmur, we were advised
monēbāre or -ris, thou wert advised	monēbāminī, you were advised
monēbātur, he was advised	monēbantur, they were advised
Future Tense.
monēbor, I shall be advised	monēbimur, we shall be advised
monēbere or -ris, thou wilt be advised	monēbiminī, you will be advised
monēbitur, he will be advised	monēbuntur, they will be advised
Perfect Tense.
monitus sum, I have been, or was advised	monitī sumus, we have been, or were advised
monitus es, thou hast been, or wert advised	monitī estis, you have been, or were advised
monitus est, he has been, or was advised	monitī sunt, they have been, or were advised
Pluperfect Tense.
monitus eram, I had been advised	monitī erāmus, we had been advised
monitus erās, thou hadst been advised	monitī erātis, you had been advised
monitus erat, he had been advised	monitī erant, they had been advised
Future Perfect Tense.
monitus erō, I shall have been advised	monitī erimus, we shall have been advised
monitus eris, thou wilt have been advised	monitī eritis, you will have been advised
monitus erit, he will have been advised	monitī erunt, they will have been advised
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.	Plural.
monear, may I be advised	moneāmur, may we be advised
moneāre or -ris, mayst thou be advised	moneāminī, may you be advised
moneātur, let him be advised	moneantur, let them be advised
Imperfect Tense.
monērer, I should be advised	monērēmur, we should be advised
monērēre or -ris, thou wouldst be advised	monērēminī, you would be advised
monērētur, he would be advised	monērentur, they would be advised
Perfect Tense.
monitus sim, I may have been advised	monitī sīmus, we may have been advised
monitus sīs, thou mayst have been advised	monitī sītis, you may have been advised
monitus sit, he may have been advised	monitī sint, they may have been advised
Pluperfect Tense.
monitus essem, I should have been advised	monitī essēmus, we should have been advised
monitus essēs, thou wouldst have been advised	monitī essētis, you would have been advised
monitus esset, he would have been advised	monitī essent, they would have been advised
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
monēre or monētor, be advised, thou shalt be advised	monēminī, be advised
monētor, he shall be advised	monentor, they shall be advised
NOUNS OF THE VERB.
INFINITIVE.	GERUNDIVE.
Pres. monērī, to be advised	monendus, to be advised
Perf. monitus esse, to have been advised	PERFECT PARTICIPLE.
Fut. monitum īrī, to be going to be advised*, not used (2273)	monitus, advised

The Fourth Conjugation.

796.

audiō, hear.

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
Pres. Indic.	Pres. Infin.	Perf. Indic.	Perf. Part.
audiō	audīre	audīvī	audītus
ACTIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.		Plural.
audiō, I hear, or am hearing		audīmus, we hear, or are hearing
audīs, thou hearest, or art hearing		audītis, you hear, or are hearing
audit, he hears, or is hearing		audiunt, they hear, or are hearing
Imperfect Tense.
audiēbam, I was hearing, or I heard		audiēbāmus, we were hearing, or we heard
audiēbās, thou wert hearing, or thou heardst		audiēbātis, you were hearing, or you heard
audiēbat, he was hearing, or he heard		audiēbant, they were hearing, or they heard
Future Tense.
audiam, I shall hear		audiēmus, we shall hear
audiēs, thou wilt hear		audiētis, you will hear
audiet, he will hear		audient, they will hear
Perfect Tense.
audīvī, I have heard, or I heard		audīvimus, we have heard, or we heard
audīvistī, thou hast heard, or thou heardst		audīvistis, you have heard, or you heard
audīvit, he has heard, or he heard		audīvērunt or -re, they have heard, or they heard
Pluperfect Tense.
audīveram, I had heard		audīverāmus, we had heard
audīverās, thou hadst heard		audīverātis, you had heard
audīverat, he had heard		audīverant, they had heard
Future Perfect Tense.
audīverō, I shall have heard		audīverimus, we shall have heard
audīveris, thou wilt have heard		audīveritis, you will have heard
audīverit, he will have heard		audīverint, they will have heard
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.		Plural.
audiam, may I hear		audiāmus, let us hear
audiās, mayst thou hear		audiātis, may you hear
audiat, let him hear		audiant, let them hear
Imperfect Tense.
audīrem, I should hear		audīrēmus, we should hear
audīrēs, thou wouldst hear		audīrētis, you would hear
audīret, he would hear		audīrent, they would hear
Perfect Tense.
audīverim, I may have heard		audīverīmus, we may have heard
audīverīs, thou mayst have heard		audīverītis, you may have heard
audīverit, he may have heard		audīverint, they may have heard
Pluperfect Tense.
audīvissem, I should have heard		audīvissēmus, we should have heard
audīvissēs, thou wouldst have heard		audīvissētis, you would have heard
audīvisset, he would have heard		audīvissent, they would have heard
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
audī or audītō, hear, thou shalt hear		audīte or audītōte, hear, you shall hear
audītō, he shall hear		audiuntō, they shall hear
NOUNS OF THE VERB.
INFINITIVE.		PARTICIPLE.
Pres. audīre, to hear		Pres. audiēns, hearing
Perf. audīvisse, to have heard
Fut. audītūrus esse, to be going to hear		Fut. audītūrus, going to hear
GERUND.		SUPINE.
Gen. audiendī, of hearing
Dat. audiendō, for hearing
Acc. audiendum, hearing		Acc. audītum, to hear
Abl. audiendō, by hearing		Abl. audītū, in hearing

VERBS IN -īre.

The Fourth Conjugation.

797.

audior, am heard.

PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.	Plural.
audior, I am heard	audīmur, we are heard
audīris or -re, thou art heard	audīminī, you are heard
audītur, he is heard	audiuntur, they are heard
Imperfect Tense.
audiēbar, I was heard	audiēbāmur, we were heard
audiēbāre or -ris, thou wert heard	audiēbāminī, you were heard
audiēbātur, he was heard	audiēbantur, they were heard
Future Tense.
audiar, I shall be heard	audiēmur, we shall be heard
audiēre or -ris, thou wilt be heard	audiēminī, you will be heard
audiētur, he will be heard	audientur, they will be heard
Perfect Tense.
audītus sum, I have been, or was heard	audītī sumus, we have been, or were heard
audītus es, thou hast been, or wert heard	audītī estis, you have been, or were heard
audītus est, he has been, or was heard	audītī sunt, they have been, or were heard
Pluperfect Tense.
audītus eram, I had been heard	audītī erāmus, we had been heard
audītus erās, thou hadst been heard	audītī erātis, you had been heard
audītus erat, he had been heard	audītī erant, they had been heard
Future Perfect Tense.
audītus erō, I shall have been heard	audītī erimus, we shall have been heard
audītus eris, thou wilt have been heard	audītī eritis, you will have been heard
audītus erit, he will have been heard	audītī erunt, they will have been heard
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.	Plural.
audiar, may I be heard	audiāmur, may we be heard
audiāre or -ris, mayst thou be heard	audiāminī, may you be heard
audiātur, let him be heard	audiantur, let them be heard
Imperfect Tense.
audīrer, I should be heard	audīrēmur, we should be heard
audīrēre or -ris, thou wouldst be heard	audīrēminī, you would be heard
audīrētur, he would be heard	audīrentur, they would be heard
Perfect Tense.
audītus sim, I may have been heard	audītī sīmus, we may have been heard
audītus sīs, thou mayst have been heard	audītī sītis, you may have been heard
audītus sit, he may have been heard	audītī sint, they may have been heard
Pluperfect Tense.
audītus essem, I should have been heard	audītī essēmus, we should have been heard
audītus essēs, thou wouldst have been heard	audītī essētis, you would have been heard
audītus esset, he would have been heard	audītī essent, they would have been heard
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
audīre or audītor, be heard, thou shalt be heard	audīminī, be heard
audītor, he shall be heard	audiuntor, they shall be heard
NOUNS OF THE VERB.
INFINITIVE.	GERUNDIVE.
Pres. audīrī, to be heard	audiendus, to be heard
Perf. audītus esse, to have been heard	PERFECT PARTICIPLE.
Fut. audītum īrī, to be going to be heard (2273)	audītus, heard

THE DEPONENT VERB.

798. Deponents, that is, verbs with passive person endings and a reflexive or an active meaning (725), have these active noun forms: participles, the future infinitive, the gerund, and the supines. The perfect participle is usually active, but sometimes passive; the gerundive always passive. The following is a synopsis of deponents:

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
queror, complain, querī, questus			mīror, wonder, mīrārī, mīrātus
			vereor, fear, verērī, veritus
			partior, share, partīrī, partītus
	I. -ī	II. (1.) -ārī	(2.) -ērī	(3.) -īrī
	INDICATIVE MOOD.
Pres.	queror	mīror	vereor	partior
Imp.	querēbar	mīrābar	verēbar	partiēbar
Fut.	querar	mīrābor	verēbor	partiar
Perf.	questus sum	mīrātus sum	veritus sum	partītus sum
Plup.	questus eram	mīrātus eram	veritus eram	partītus eram
F. P.	questus erō	mīrātus erō	veritus erō	partītus erō
	SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Pres.	querar	mīrer	verear	partiar
Imp.	quererer	mīrārer	verērer	partīrer
Perf.	questus sim	mīrātus sim	veritus sim	partītus sim
Plup.	questus essem	mīrātus essem	veritus essem	partītus essem
	IMPERATIVE MOOD.
	querere	mīrāre	verēre	partīre
	PARTICIPLES.
Pres.	querēns	mīrāns	verēns	partiēns
Perf.	questus	mīrātus	veritus	partītus
Fut.	questūrus	mīrātūrus	veritūrus	partītūrus
	INFINITIVE.
Pres.	querī	mīrārī	verērī	partīrī
Perf.	questus esse	mīrātus esse	veritus esse	partītus esse
Fut.	questūrus esse	mīrātūrus esse	veritūrus esse	partītūrus esse
	GERUND AND GERUNDIVE.
Gen.	querendī, &c.	mīrandī, &c.	verendī, &c.	partiendī, &c.
	querendus	mīrandus	verendus	partiendus
	SUPINE.
Acc.	questum	*mīrātum	*veritum	*partītum
Abl.	*questū	mīrātū	*veritū	*partītū

799. Three deponents in -ior, -ī, gradior, walk, morior, die, and patior, suffer, and their compounds, have a present system like the passive of capiō (784). But adgredior and prōgredior and morior and ēmorior have sometimes the forms of verbs in -īrī; for these, and for orior, arise, orīrī, ortus, and potior, become master of, potīrī, potītus, see 791. By far the largest number of deponents are verbs in -ārī, like mīror, mīrārī (368).

800. Some verbs waver between active and passive person endings: as, adsentiō, agree, adsentīre, and adsentior, adsentīrī; populō, ravage, populāre, and populor, populārī: see 1481.

801. A few verbs are deponent in the present system only: as, dēvortor, turn in, perfect dēvortī; revortor, turn back, perfect revortī, but with active perfect participle revorsus. Four are deponent in the perfect system only: fīdō, trust, fīdere, fīsus, and the compounds, cōnfīdō, diffīdō; and audeō, dare, audēre, ausus, gaudeō, feel glad, gaudēre, gāvīsus, and soleō, am used, solēre, solitus. Most impersonals in -ēre have both an active and a deponent form in the perfect system: see 815, 816.

PERIPHRASTIC FORMS.

802. (1.) The future active participle with a form of sum is used to denote an intended or future action: as,

rēctūrus sum, I am going to rule, intend to rule.

	INDICATIVE MOOD.
	Singular.	Plural.
Pres.	rēctūrus sum, es, est	rēctūrī sumus, estis, sunt
Imp.	rēctūrus eram, erās, erat	rēctūrī erāmus, erātis, erant
Fut.	rēctūrus erō, eris, erit	rēctūrī erimus, eritis, erunt
Perf.	rēctūrus fuī, fuistī, fuit	rēctūrī fuimus, fuistis, fuērunt
Plup.	rēctūrus fueram, fuerās, fuerat	rēctūrī fuerāmus, fuerātis, fuerant
	SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Pres.	rēctūrus sim, sīs, sit	rēctūrī sīmus, sītis, sint
Imp.	rēctūrus essem, essēs, esset	rēctūrī essēmus, essētis, essent
Perf.	rēctūrus fuerim, fuerīs, fuerit	rēctūrī fuerīmus, fuerītis, fuerint
Plup.	rēctūrus fuissem, fuissēs, fuisset	rēctūrī fuissēmus, fuissētis, fuissent
	INFINITIVE.
Pres.	rēctūrus esse
Perf.	rēctūrus fuisse

803. A future perfect is hardly ever used: as, fuerit victūrus (Sen.). In the imperfect subjunctive, forem, forēs, foret, and forent are sometimes used (Nep., Sall., Liv., Vell.).

804. (2.) The gerundive with a form of sum is used to denote action which requires to be done: as,

regendus sum, I am to be ruled, must be ruled.

	INDICATIVE MOOD.
	Singular.	Plural.
Pres.	regendus sum, es, est	regendī sumus, estis, sunt
Imp.	regendus eram, erās, erat	regendī erāmus, erātis, erant
Fut.	regendus erō, eris, erit	regendī erimus, eritis, erunt
Perf.	regendus fuī, fuistī, fuit	regendī fuimus, fuistis, fuērunt
Plup.	regendus fueram, fuerās, fuerat	regendī fuerāmus, fuerātis, fuerant
	SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Pres.	regendus sim, sīs, sit	regendī sīmus, sītis, sint
Imp.	regendus essem, essēs, esset	regendī essēmus, essētis, essent
Perf.	regendus fuerim, fuerīs, fuerit	regendī fuerīmus, fuerītis, fuerint
Plup.	regendus fuissem, fuissēs, fuisset	regendī fuissēmus, fuissētis, fuissent
	INFINITIVE.
Pres.	regendus esse
Perf.	regendus fuisse

DEFECTIVE VERBS.

805. (1.) Some verbs have only a few forms: as,

inquam, quoth I (760); aiō, avouch (786). See also apage, avaunt, get thee behind me, cedo, give, tell, fārī, to lift up one’s voice, havē̆ or avē̆ and salvē, all hail, ovat, triumphs, and quaesō, prithee, in the dictionary.