85 Ibid., I, iii, 1-4.

86 Ibid., I, vi, III, iii, IV, iii, V, ii, 1-44, xi, xiv, Ex Ponto, I, iv, III, i.

87 Tristia, III, vii.

88 xxxvii, 39 ff.

89 xxi, 10.

90 This is the generally accepted date, but it is possible that Vitruvius may have lived somewhat later.

91 Hercules Furens, Troades (or Hecuba), Phœnissæ (or Thebaïs, two disconnected scenes from Theban myths), Medea, Phædra (or Hippolytus), Œdipus, Agamemnon, Thyestes, and Hercules Œtæus. The Fabula Prætexta entitled Octavia is not by Seneca.

92 Lines 893-944. Translated by Ella Isabel Harris.

93 This Lucilius has been supposed, though without sufficient reason, to be the author of the Ætna (see p. 141).

94 Pharsalia, ix, 256-283.

95
Verum hæc ipse equidem spatiis exclusus iniquis
Prætereo atque aliis post me memoranda relinquo.
Virgil, Georgics, iv, 147 f.

96 Thebais, xi, 580-585.

97 Pliny, Ep. III, xxi.

98 I, xiii. These selections are translated by Goldwin Smith in Bay Leaves.

99 III, xxxv.

100 III, xli.

101 IV, viii.

102 Inst. Orat., vi, 3, 5.

103 Ibid., vi, 3, 5.

104 Ibid., vii, 7, 2

105 The prænomen is uncertain. The best manuscript (Mediceus I) gives it as Publius, later manuscripts and Sidonius Apollinaris as Gaius.

106 Agricola, 2.

107 Annals, i, 58.

108 Ann., ii, 77.

109 Ann., iii, 6.

110 Ann., iii, 27.

111 Hist., ii, 95.

112 Hist., iv, 74.

113 Agric., 9.

114 Sat. i, 30.

115 Sat. i, 79.

116 Sat. i, 85 f.

117 Sat. iii, 41 ff.

118 Sat. x, 356.

119 Sat. vi, 165.

120 Sat. x, 81.

121 Sat. vi, 223.

122 Sat. vi, 347.

123 Sat. viii, 84.

124 Sat. xiv, 47.

125 Ep., II, xvii.

126 Ibid., V, vi.

127 Ibid., VI, xvi, xx.

128 Ibid., VII, xxxiii.

129 Ep., VII, xx.

130 To-morrow he shall love who ne’er has loved, and he who has loved to-morrow shall love.

131
It is new spring; spring already harmonious; in spring Jove was born.
In the spring loves join together; in the spring the birds wed.
132
She (the swallow) is singing, we are silent. When will my spring come?
When shall I become like the swallow and cease to be silent?
I have lost the Muse by keeping silent, and Apollo cares not for me.

133 The poem is the last of the Instructiones. The title reads: Nomen Gasei and the initial letters of the lines read from the last to the first from the words: Commodianus mendicus Christi. From this it is inferred that Commodian was Gasæus, i. e., from Gaza.

134 The chief Latin writer on philosophy was Firmicus Maternus, whose eight books, Matheseos (Of Learning), published about 354 A. D., are occupied with Neoplatonic astrology. He is to be distinguished from his Christian contemporary and namesake, who wrote of the Error of the Pagan Religions. Gaius Marius Victorinus, who also lived about the middle of the century, was an African by birth, but taught rhetoric at Rome. He was the author of philosophical works, chiefly translations and adaptations from the Greek, but is best known by his extant work on metres in four books, and by some other extant grammatical treatises. In his later life he became a Christian, and wrote commentaries on St. Paul’s epistles, besides some controversial tracts.

135 These grammatical works have little literary value of their own, and owe their importance to the fact that they contain information which is not elsewhere preserved. The same is true of several handbooks of various kinds compiled in the fourth century. Such are the Itineraries, giving the distances and routes between the towns along the Roman roads, the Notitia, describing the regions of the city of Rome, and a historical handbook of Rome for the year 354 A. D. preserved most fully in a manuscript in Vienna. A few maps of this period also exist, the most famous of which is the Peutinger Tablet (Tabula Peutingeriana), now in Vienna. A handbook of Agriculture (De Re Rustica) by Palladius, and the Epitome of Military Science (Epitoma Rei Militaris) by Flavius Vegetius Renatus, who also wrote an extant treatise on Veterinary Medicine (Mulomedicina), may properly be mentioned here, and these works possess also some slight literary interest.

136 In 369 A. D. Festus wrote a handbook similar to that of Eutropius, but of less merit. The list of prodigies that took place from 249 to 12 B. C., compiled by Julius Obsequens from an abridgment of Livy, probably belongs to about the same time. Since a large part of Livy’s history is lost, such works as these are of some value.

137 De Bello Gildonico, i, 21-25.

138 De Reditu Suo, i, 55-66. Translated by A. J. Church.

INDEX

[This index contains the names of all Latin authors mentioned in this book, and in addition the names of some historical personages. Reference is also made to a number of special topics. When several references are given, the chief reference to any author stands first. The titles of works are in Italics.]