A
Aar (ār) Valley, ii, 199
Aaronson, Aaron, i, 184
Abbasids (ă băs’ īdz), ii, 30-36, 061, 064, 070, 106, 126, 613
Abbott, E., i, 6
Abbott, W. J. Lewis, i, 68
Abd Manif (äbd män ēf’), ii, 5
Abdal Malik (äbd äl mä’ lik), ii, 28
Abelard, P., ii, 171
Aboukir (ä boo kēr’), ii, 352, 353
Aboukir, cruiser, ii, 520
Abraham the Patriarch, i, 196, 278, 282, 293-94, 576, ii, 6
Absolution, ii, 216
Abu Bekr (ä’ boo bek’ ĕr), ii, 6, 7, 8, 13-22, 034, 612
Abul Abbas, ii, 30, 31, 613
Abul Fazl (ā’ bool fā’ zl), ii, 135
Abydos (ă bī’ dos), i, 335, 340
Abyssinia, i, 156, 160, 359, ii, 461
Abyssinian Christians, i, 603, 618, ii, 3, 8;
language, i, 154
Académie des Sciences, ii, 239
Academy, Greek, i, 351, 354-57
Academy of Inscriptions, ii, 312
Achilles (ä kil’ ēz), i, 177
Acre, i, 212, ii, 353
Acropolis (ă krop’ ŏ lis), i, 306, 337
Act of Union, ii, 492
Actium (ăk’ ti ŭm), battle of, i, 514, ii, 609
Acts of the Apostles, i, 587, 589
Adam and Eve, ii, 418
Adams, Prof. G. B., ii, 46
Adams, John, ii, 300, 303
Adams, Samuel, ii, 290, 303
Adams, W. P., ii, 532
Adams, William, ii, 465
Addington, ii, 359
Aden, i, 160, 197, ii, 32, 471
Adowa (ă’ dō wă), battle of, ii, 461, 469, 500, 624
Adrianople, i, 554, ii, 122, 502;
Treaty of, ii, 382
Adriatic, i, 274, 389, 452, 461, 471, 540, 561, 606, 616, ii, 54, 80, 364, 509
Adriatic river, i, 119, 120
Ægatian Isles, i, 471, ii, 608
Ægean (ē jē’ ăn), cities, i, 234;
civilization, i, 213-16, 281, 300;
Dark Whites, i, 447;
hunters, i, 317
Ægina (ē jī’ nă), i, 337
Æneid (ē’ nē id), the, i, 448
Æolic dialect, i, 300
Aeroplanes, i, 5, ii, 392, 519, 523
Æschylus (ēs’ ki lŭs), i, 221, 355, ii, 607
Afghanistan, i, 153, 201, 396, 431, 433, 627-28, 643, ii, 133, 257
Africa, i, 57, 74, 109, 120, 145, 154-56, 162, 281, 489, 509, ii, 114, 139, 153;
peoples of, i, 86, 109, 138, 141, 149, 158-60, 195-201, 206, 234;
languages of, i, 161-62;
early trade with, i, 217, 273;
Moslems in, i, 217, 565, ii, 22, 24, 30, 31, 41, 51, 64, 65, 613;
voyages and travels in, i, 218, 509, ii, 185-88, 252;
Phœnicians in, i, 448, 482-84, 513, 570, 640;
Roman, i, 470, 478-79, 498, 540, 560, 606;
Vandals in, i, 556, 606, 615, ii, 611;
slavery in, ii, 193, 225, 306;
modern exploitation of, ii, 451, 458-60, 484
Africa, Central, i, 158, 558;
East, i, 42, 178;
South (see South Africa);
West, i, 219, ii, 193
African lung fish, i, 25
Aga Khan (ä’ gä kän’), ii, 473
Agincourt, ii, 179
Agriculture, early, i, 104, 108, 113-14, 116, 133, 137, 158, 171, 190, 254, 317;
slaves in, i, 259;
Arab knowledge of, ii, 38;
in Great Britain, ii, 272, 273
Agriculturists, i, 264, 267, 271
Agrigentum (ăg ri gen’ tŭm), i, 469
Agrippina (ăg ri pī’ nă), i, 525
Ahriman (ă’ ri män), i, 625, 626
Ainu (ī’ noo), i, 139, 148, ii, 262, 464
Air, the, i, 5, 23, 36
Air Force, ii, 570
Aisne (ān), ii, 515;
battle of the, ii, 48
Aix-la-Chapelle, ii, 60, 63
Akbar (äk’ bũr), ii, 133-37, 256, 618
Akhnaton (äk nä’ ton). (See Amenophis IV)
Akkadia (and Akkadians), i, 191, 245
Akkadian-Sumerian Empire, i, 196, 279, ii, 606
Akki, i, 279
Alabama, the, ii, 443-44
Alamanni, i, 553, ii, 48, 610
Alans, i, 549-54, 627-28, ii, 609
Alaric (ăl’ ă rik), i, 554, 561, ii, 611
Alaska, ii, 505
Alban, St., ii, 50
Alban Mount, i, 448
Albania, ii, 522
Albert, Prince Consort, ii, 436, 486, 622
Albertus Magnus, ii, 171
Albigenses (ăl bi jen’ sēz), ii, 92, 95, 219
Alcarez (ăl cär’ ez), ii, 208
Alchemists, ii, 174
Alcibiades (ăl si bī’ ă dēz), i, 351
Alcmæonidæ (ălk mē on’ i dē), i, 314
Alcohol, discovery of, ii, 38
Alcuin (ăl’ kwin), ii, 59
Alemanni. (See Alamanni)
Aleppo, ii, 76
Alexander the Great, i, 133, 195, 198, 200, 205, 217, 252, 253, 277, 345, 352, 357-59, 366-99, 412, 428, 430, 445, 452, 467, 484, 507, 510, 512, 522, 542, 546, 562, 597, 615-16, 643, ii, 20, 51, 78, 114, 145, 199, 303, 608;
empire of (maps), i, 393, 398;
mother of, i, 452
Alexander, son of Alexander the Great, i, 394
Alexander II, king of Egypt, i, 500
Alexander I, tsar of Russia, ii, 362-66, 370-76, 382, 405, 411, 476-77, 622
Alexander II, tsar of Russia, ii, 623
Alexander III (pope), ii, 97, 615
Alexander VI (pope), ii, 195, 617
Alexandretta, i, 379, 383
Alexandria, i, 13, 383, 389, 395-96, 428, 463, 497, 515, 532, 538, 562, 587, 601, 602, 604, ii, 36, 91, 168, 351, 611;
museum at, i, 359, 402-13, 476, 490, 636;
culture and religion of, i, 401-14, 590-91, 602, ii, 37;
library at, i, 405, 411;
Serapeum, i, 413, 414
Alexandrian cities, i, 273
Alexius Comnenus (ă lek’ si ŭs kom nē’nŭs), ii, 72-80
Alfred, king, ii, 54, 148, 614
Algæ, i, 10
Algebra (ăl’ je bră), i, 219, ii, 37, 88
Algeria, i, 102, 217, 565, ii, 501
Algiers, ii, 126, 225, 470
Ali (ā’ lē), nephew of Muhammad, ii, 6-8, 013, 026-31, 064, 613
Alkmaar (älk mär’), siege of, ii, 230-32
Allah, ii, 9-20, 024, 26
Alleghany mountains, ii, 280
Allen, Grant, i, 131
Allen, W. A. C., i, 294
Alp Arslan (älp ärs län’), ii. 72
Alphabets, i, 228, 304, 422, 627, 638-40
Alpine race, i, 146
Alps, the, i, 35, 52, 75, 471, 475, 508, 606, ii, 58, 63, 69, 194
Alsace, i, 553, ii, 200, 236, 244, 446
Alstadt, ii, 180
Altai (äl’ tī), the, i, 546, 633
Altamira (al tă mër’ ă), cave of, i, 93, ii, 605
Aluminium, ii, 389
Alva, General, ii, 229-32
Alyattes (ă li ăt’ ēz), i, 316
Amadis (ăm’ ă dis) de Gaul, ii, 165, 166
Ambar, ii, 136
Amber, i, 105, 532
Amenophis (ăm ĕ nō’ fis) III, i, 200, 220, 245, 250, 288
Amenophis IV, i, 196, 220, 245, 250, 251, 255, 281, 288, 412, 446, ii, 605
America, i, 56, 59, 100, 219, ii, 254, 400;
prehistoric, i, 100, 102-03, 107, 148, 207, 208;
races of, i, 100, 102-03, 138, 141, 158;
languages of, i, 150, 158, 164;
discovery of, i, 635, 640, ii, 53, 84, 117, 185 sqq., 193, 251-52, 269, 617;
European settlements in, ii, 252-55, 271, 273, 278-94, 304, 619.
(See also United States)
America, Central, drawings, i, 207
America, South, i, 207, ii, 166, 187, 192-93, 200, 378, 457, 622
American Indians, i, 113, 124, 137, 143, 157-60, 207, 225, ii, 166, 187, 189, 254, 292, 304-05, 464
American king-crab, i, 10;
picture writing, i, 207
Amiens, ii, 530;
Peace of, ii, 355, 359
Amir, ii, 124
Amman (Philadelphia), i, 621-22
Ammianus, i, 607
Ammon, i, 249-52, 383, 399, 412, 602
Ammonites, i, 46
Ammonites, a people, i, 294
Amœba (ă mē’ bȧ), i, 16
Amorites, i, 191, 279
Amos the prophet, i, 294
Amphibia, i, 26, 28, 38, 52, 55
Amphictyonies (ăm fik’ ti ŏn iz), i, 313, ii, 3, 8
Amphion, cruiser, ii, 512
Amphipolis (ăm fip’ ŏ lis), i, 371, 372
Amritzar (ăm rit’ săr), ii, 456
Amur (ă moor’), ii, 261
Anabaptists, ii, 156, 157, 162, 618
Anabasis (ă năb’ ă sis), the, i, 342
Anagni (ä nän’ yē), ii, 99, 616
Anatolia, ii, 72, 121
Anatolian peninsula, i, 623
Anatomy, i, 402-04, ii, 177
Anaxagoras (ăn ăk săg’ ŏ răs), i, 349, 358, 364
Andaman (ăn’ dă măn) Islands, i, 139
Andes, i, 35, 52
Andronicus (ăn drŏ nī’ kŭs), ii, 124
Angelo, St., ii, 612
Angles, i, 554, 605, ii, 50, 54, 66
Anglia, East, ii, 40
Anglicanism, ii, 163
Anglo-Norman feudalism, ii, 43
“Anglo-Saxon,” ii, 487-88
Anglo-Saxons, i, 564, 605, 612, ii, 47, 130, 149
Animals, i, 10, 16-23, 25-27, 52-57, 064,