430, 476, 477
Holy Land.
(See Crusades and Palestine)
Holy Roman Empire,
ii, 58, 63, 69, 130, 182, 198, 202 sqq.,210, 215, 238, 256, 614, 622
Homage,
ii, 44
Home Rule Bill,
i, 312
Homer,
i, 114, 174-82, 196, 216, 219, 229, 300, 304, 508, 531
Homo antiquus.
See Neanderthal man;
Heidelbergensis, see Heidelberg man;
Neanderthalensis, see Neanderthal man;
primigenius, see Neanderthal man;
sapiens, see Man, true
Homs,
i, 621
Honduras (hon dūr’ ăs), British,
ii, 254
Honey,
i, 172
Honoria,
i, 557
Honorius,
i, 554,
ii, 611
Honorius III, pope,
ii, 87, 615
Hope in religion,
i, 125
Hopf, Ludwig,
i, 80, 118, 130
Hophni,
i, 284
Horace,
i, 407
Horn, Count of,
ii, 229
Horn implements,
i, 90, 107, 116
Horrabin, F.,
i, 119
Horses,
i, 58, 64, 69, 70, 92-100, 105, 170, 177, 192, 299, 551
Horsuv Tyn,
ii, 152
Horticulture,
i, 254
Horus,
i, 249, 252, 412-14, 429, 590, 591
Hose,
i, 148
Hotel Cecil,
i, 621
Hottentot language,
i, 162
Households, growth of,
i, 258
Houses, stone,
i, 171
Howard, the philanthropist,
ii, 338
Howe, F. C.,
ii, 543
Howorth, H. H.,
i, 541
Howth,
ii, 498
Hrdlicka, Dr.,
i, 102
Hsia, Empire of,
ii, 110
Hubbard,
i, 536, 642
Huc,
i, 429, 440
Hudson Bay Company,
ii, 254, 451
Hudson Bay Territory,
i, 158
Hudson River,
ii, 292, 387
Hueffer, F. M.,
ii, 480
Hugo, Victor,
ii, 355
Huguenots,
ii, 244, 253, 282
Hulagu,
ii, 114, 118, 120, 130, 154, 616
Human association,
ii, 413
Human sacrifice,
i, 116-17, 130-31, 134,
ii, 91, 190
Humayun (hoo mä’ yoon),
ii, 133
Hungary (and the Hungarians),
i, 106, 553, 558, 560, 600,
ii, 51, 69, 70, 77, 100, 113, 122, 126, 139, 184, 204, 205, 233, 260, 380, 400, 446, 618.
(See also Austria)
Huns,
i, 196, 203-05, 253, 272, 388, 508, 533, 539, 541, 543-52, 554, 557, 559, 618, 627-32, 644,
ii, 66, 71, 106, 108, 113, 142, 266, 611
Hunter Commission,
ii, 456
Hunting,
i, 91, 92, 96-104, 112, 124, 317, 318
Husein, son of Ali,
ii, 27, 30
Huss, John,
ii, 100, 151, 202, 263, 272, 615
Hussites,
ii, 152-56, 617
Hut urns,
i, 115
Hutchinson,
i, 162
Hutchinson, H. N.,
i, 50
Hutton,
ii, 419
Huxley, Prof.,
i, 13, 146,
ii, 420-21, 426
Hwang-ho (hwăng’ hō), river,
i, 205, 542, 641,
ii, 108, 118
Hyæna cave,
i, 76
Hyænodon (hī ē’ nō don),
i, 53
Hyde Park,
ii, 437
Hyksos,
i, 196, 199,
ii, 1
Hyracodon (hī răk’ ō don),
i, 53
Hystaspes (his tăs’ pēz),
i, 326,
ii, 607
I
Iberian language,
i, 167
Iberians,
i, 101, 146, 167, 171, 176, 196, 213, 281, 298, 446,
ii, 247.
(See also Mediterranean race)
Ibex,
i, 93
Ibn Batuta (ibn bä too’ tä),
ii, 154
Ibn-rushd.
(See Averroes)
Ibrahim, son of Muhammad,
ii, 13
Icarus (ik’ ă rŭs),
i, 215
Ice, effect of,
i, 59
Ice Age,
i, 52, 57-60, 68-72, 077, 082, 087, 119, 120, 159, 317
Iceland,
ii, 53, 185, 252
Icelandic language,
i, 168
I-chabod,
i, 285
Ichthyosaurs (ik’ thi ō sawrz),
i, 41, 45
Iconium,
ii, 72
Ideograms,
i, 224-26
Ideographs,
i, 226
Idumeans,
i, 570
Ignatius, St., of Loyola,
ii, 164-66, 263, 618
Iliad, the.
(See Homer)
Ilkhan, Empire of,
ii, 114, 118, 127, 130
Illyria,
i, 372, 375, 377, 472, 480,
ii, 122, 608
Immortality, idea of,
i, 124, 413, 423-24, 538-39
Imperator, title of,
i, 565
Imperial preference,
ii, 488
Imperialism,
i, 311,
ii, 424, 436, 461, 475 sqq., 498-502
Implements, bone,
i, 99;
bronze,
i, 132;
Chellean,
i, 70;
copper,
i, 105;
earliest use of,
i, 67-68;
flint,
i, 71, 76-81, 088, 091, 096, 099, 107, 114;
horn,
i, 90, 107, 116;
iron,
i, 107;
Neolithic,
i, 104-05, 114, 132;
Palæolithic,
i, 76, 104, 137;
Pliocene,
i, 68-69;
stone,
i, 57, 67, 69, 75, 80, 88, 96, 104, 106, 273;
use of by animals,
i, 67;
wooden,
i, 76
Inca of Peru,
ii, 190
Independency,
ii, 163
India,
i, 37, 74, 106, 109, 114, 160, 181-82, 206, 327, 396, 432, 489, 509, 532, 548, 626,
ii, 27, 33, 109, 133, 139, 144, 268, 351;
history (Alexander in),
i, 379, 386, 388, 428, 510;
(Indo-Scythians in),
i, 548, 617, 628,
ii, 610;
(Ephthalites in),
i, 629,
ii, 611;
(Mongols in),
i, 550, 557,
ii, 114, 133-37;
(17th and 18th centuries),
ii, 254, 256-58, 262;
(British in),
ii, 133-37, 254-59, 279, 285, 451-56, 471, 487, 620, 621;
civilization, social development, and culture,
i, 147, 171, 179, 183, 196, 201, 268-70, 272, 307, 415-16, 430,
ii, 136, 145, 455;
European settlements in,
ii, 254-59, 279, 285, 620;
languages of,
i, 158, 169, 189,
ii, 139-40;
peoples and races,
i, 138-39, 145, 158-60, 196, 201, 203, 317, 386, 629,
ii, 106, 190;
religions of,
i, 270, 416 sqq.,440, 604, 610, 625,
ii, 108, 114, 136, 166;
trade of,
i, 401, 533, 640,
ii, 257;
travels and voyages to,
i, 533, 642, 645,
ii, 119, 185-87, 465, 612, 617
Indian corn,
i, 113
Indian ocean,
i, 47, 108, 118, 210,
ii, 187
Indian sign-language,
i, 150
Indians, American.
(See American Indians)
Indies, East,
i, 46, 148, 159, 162, 206, 210, 273,
ii, 257, 451, 461
Indies, West,
ii, 187, 252, 305, 306, 451
Individual, the free,
i, 259
Individuality, in reproduction,
i, 17
Indo-European languages.
(See Aryan languages)
Indo-Iranian language,
i, 169;
people,
i, 538
Indonesian life,
i, 177
Indore,
ii, 257
Indo-Scythians,
i, 548, 617, 628,
ii, 610
Indulgences,
ii, 93, 202
Indus,
i, 159, 182, 201, 327, 385-89, 395, 430, 507, 523,
ii, 22, 132, 607
Industrial Revolution,
ii, 276, 393-98, 405
Industrialism,
ii, 273-75
Infanticide,
i, 134
Influenza,
ii, 384
Information,
ii, 413
Infusoria,
i, 21
Inge, Dean,
i, 583, 587,
ii, 416
Innes, A. D.,
ii, 218
Innocent III, pope,
ii, 82, 86-98, 167, 615
Innocent IV,
ii, 81, 88, 116
Inns, early,
i, 220
Innsbruck,
ii, 207
Inquisition, the,
ii, 95, 117, 166, 209, 378
Insects,
i, 5, 28
Instruments, Neolithic musical,
i, 115
Interglacial period,
i, 60, 68-70, 75-76
“International,” the,
ii, 409
International relationship,
ii, 347
Internationalism,
ii, 432
Intoxicants,
i, 172, 182
Investitures,
ii, 44, 74, 85
Ion, poet,
i, 347
Iona,
ii, 50
Ionian Islands,
ii, 351
Ionians,
i, 314-16, 327-32, 337-40,
ii, 121
Ionic dialect,
i, 300
Ipsus (ip’ sŭs), battle of,
i, 395
Irak,
ii, 33
Iran (ē rän’),
i, 508, 626
Iranians,
i, 299, 627
Ireland,
i, 86, 102, 105, 110, 182, 209, 299, 312, 603,
ii, 40, 50, 66, 97, 178, 224-26, 424, 432, 471, 488-99, 621, 623, 624
Irene (ī rē’ nē), Empress,
ii, 58
Irish, Catholics,
ii, 222, 224, 244;
language,
i, 152, 168;
prisoners,
ii, 284;
race,
i, 167
Irish sea,
i, 75
Iron,
i, 4, 79, 133;
as currency,
i, 219-20;
use of,
i, 107, 187, 196, 205, 207,
ii, 275, 387-89, 606
Iron Age,
i, 97, 108, 133
Ironsides,
ii, 223
Iroquois (ir ō kwoi’) tribes,
ii, 285
Irrigation,
i, 37, 190
Irving, Washington,
ii, 253
Isaac, patriarch,
i, 278-79
Isabella of Castile,
ii, 186, 200
Isaiah,
i, 578
Ishmael,
i, 279
Ishtar,
i, 232, 245, 279, 283
Isis,
i, 239, 249, 412-14, 428-29, 538, 575, 590-91
Iskender,
i, 389
Islam,
i, 296, 441, 583, 624, 636,
ii, 4 sqq., 113, 142,