social and political state of,
i, 352, 454-66, 473, 480-503, 505, 515-16, 630-31,
ii, 145, 343, 394, 607 sqq.;
assemblies of,
i, 462-66, 486, 488-89, 494, 507;
patricians and plebeians,
i, 454-62, 486-88;
Senate,
i, 455, 459, 463-66, 482, 483-87, 493-505, 511-16, 525;
Consuls of
i, 455, 466;
colonies of,
i, 458, 461, 471-72;
Punic wars,
i, 196, 454 sq., 460, 466 sqq.,
ii, 608;
assimilation of,
i, 483, 509;
military system of,
i, 485, 502, 505, 520;
bequests to,
i, 500,
ii, 609;
Social war,
i, 503,
ii, 609;
monarchy in, and the fall of the Republic,
i, 509-21;
Roman Empire (see above);
plague in,
i, 608,
ii, 41, 612;
true cross at,
i, 618,
ii, 82;
“duke of,”
ii, 41;
Pepin crowned at,
ii, 57;
in 10th century,
ii, 62;
sacked by Guiscard,
ii, 69, 615;
Germans raid,
ii, 204, 618;
Charlemagne crowned at,
ii, 215
Rome, Church of (inc. general Christian associations),
i, 589 sqq., 603-05, 612,
ii, 41, 50, 53-58, 073, 074, 085, 090-101, 127, 130, 197, 202, 215, 226, 356.
(See also Catholicism and Papacy)
Romulus and Remus,
i, 448
Roosevelt, President,
ii, 504, 506, 544, 551
Rose, Holland,
ii, 348, 353, 358
Roses, Wars of the,
ii, 179
Ross,
i, 541,
ii, 30
Rostro-carinate implements,
i, 60, 81, 273
Roth, H. L.,
i, 85, 103
“Roum,” Empire of,
ii, 122
Roumania (and the Roumanians),
i, 564,
ii, 71, 113, 122, 380, 382, 502, 524
Rousseau (roo sō’), J. J.,
ii, 163, 310, 324, 333, 349, 621
Rowing,
i, 211, 469
Roxana,
i, 390, 394
Royal Asiatic Society,
i, 646
Royal families, marriage of,
i, 267
Royal Society of London,
i, 637,
ii, 177, 239, 392
Rubicon (roo’ bi kŏn), the,
i, 511
Rudolf I, German Emperor,
ii, 63, 98, 199, 616
Rulers, deification of,
i, 484
Ruling families,
i, 307-08
Rumansch language.
(See Romansch language)
Rump Parliament,
ii, 224
Rurik,
ii, 67, 614
Russia,
i, 102, 151, 159, 196, 294, 317, 327, 387, 507, 539, 541, 545, 549, 553, 561, 570, 600,
ii, 17, 53, 64, 66-67, 070, 110-14, 127, 128, 129, 130, 134, 139, 157, 179, 236, 244-53, 259-61, 266, 267, 278, 320, 361, 366, 380, 410, 411, 440, 447, 463-69, 484, 485, 502, 509, 510, 524-27, 620-24.
(See also Great War)
Russian language,
i, 151, 168, 638
Russo-Japanese war,
i, 642
Rustam,
ii, 20, 21
Rusticiano,
ii, 117-21
Ruth, Book of,
i, 282
Rutilius, P. Rufus,
i, 503
S
Saar (sär) Valley,
ii, 566
Sabatier, P.,
ii, 94
Sabbath, Jewish,
i, 572, 575, 579, 590
Sabellians,
i, 592
Sachsenhausen (sach’ sen hou zen),
ii, 180
Sacraments,
i, 130-31
Sacrifice,
i, 116, 134, 178, 204-05, 234,
ii, 190, 418;
human,
i, 117, 130, 134, 352-54, 489
Sadducees,
i, 572
Sadowa (sä’ dō vä), battle of,
ii, 445-46, 623
Safiyya (sä fyē’ jă),
ii, 13
Sagas,
i, 173,
ii, 53
Saghalien (sä gä lēn’),
ii, 469
Sahara,
i, 75, 160, 206, 217, 228,
ii, 501
Sails, use of,
i, 210-11
St. Andrew’s,
ii, 324
St. Angelo, castle of,
ii, 41, 62, 84, 205
St. Gall, monastery of,
ii, 69
Saint-Germain-en-Laye,
ii, 317
St. Gothard Pass,
ii, 182
St. Helena,
ii, 372, 374, 471
St. Just,
ii, 334
St. Lawrence river,
ii, 254
St. Médard,
ii, 48
St. Peter’s, Rome,
i, 238, 591,
ii, 202
St. Petersburg. (See Petrograd)
St. Sophia, Church of,
i, 615,
ii, 124
Sainte Menehould,
ii, 323
Sakas (sä’ käs),
i, 628
Sakya (sä’ kyä) clan,
i, 416
Saladin (săl’ ă din),
ii, 80, 106, 615
Salamis (săl’ ă mis),
i, 337-39, 344, 348, 469,
ii, 20, 607
Salerno,
ii, 89
Salian dynasty,
ii, 63
Salisbury, Lord,
ii, 623
Salmon of Reindeer Age,
i, 94
Salonika,
ii, 522, 524
Salt,
i, 118
Salvation, Christian theory of,
ii, 418
Salvation Army,
i, 413,
ii, 166
Samaria,
i, 193, 293
Samarkand,
i, 386, 390, 546, 604, 643, 645,
ii, 110, 132, 133, 159
Samnites,
i, 452,
ii, 608
Samoan Islands,
ii, 505
Samos,
i, 303, 346
Samothrace (săm’ ō thrās),
i, 373
Samoyed (săm’ ō yed) language,
i, 156
Samson,
i, 283, 293
Samuel, Book of,
i, 282-86
Samurai (săm’ u rī),
i, 642,
ii, 466
San Casciano,
ii, 195
Sanderson, F. W.,
ii, 271
Sandracottus.
(See Chandragupta)
Sandstone,
i, 7
Sandwich Islands,
ii, 505
Sandys,
ii, 169
Sanskrit,
i, 169, 182, 639, 647,
ii, 36, 136
Sans Souci (san soo sē’), park of,
ii, 240
San Stefano, treaty of,
ii, 447, 475, 623
Santa Maria, ship,
ii, 186
Sapor I,
i, 617, 626,
ii, 610
Saracens,
i, 565,
ii, 3, 64-69
Sarajevo (să rī’ vō),
ii, 435, 510
Saratoga,
ii, 292
Sardanapalus (sär dă nă pā’ lŭs),
i, 194, 246, 290, 292, 316,
ii, 606
Sardes,
ii, 79
Sardinia,
i, 217, 471, 556,
ii, 200, 380, 440
Sardis,
i, 316, 324, 331, 334, 340, 379
Sargon, I,
i, 133, 191-95, 196, 247, 274, 279, 599,
ii, 211, 606;
II,
i, 193, 196, 200, 246, 290, 318,
ii, 606
Sarmatians,
i, 300, 543,
ii, 71
Sarum, Old,
ii, 227
Sassanids (săs’ ă nidz),
i, 523, 625,
ii, 31, 35, 610.
(See also Persia)
Saturn, planet,
i, 4
Saturninus (săt ũr nī’ nŭs),
i, 503
Saul, king of Israel,
i, 286,
ii, 606
Saul of Tarsus.
(See Paul, St.)
Savannah,
ii, 254, 282
Savannah, steamship,
ii, 387
Save, river,
i, 560
Savoy,
ii, 225, 242, 331, 380, 440
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha family,
ii, 482
Saxony (and the Saxons),
i, 554, 605,
ii, 24, 48, 49, 51-54, 062, 066, 144, 236, 242, 368
Saxony, Duke of,
ii, 152;
Elector of,
ii, 203
Sayce, Prof.,
i, 186, 190, 210, 257, 265
Scandinavia,
i, 102, 143, 299, 533, 539, 549
Scharnhorst, cruiser,
ii, 520
Scheldt, the,
ii, 76, 331
Schism, the Great,
ii, 100, 127, 151, 617
Schleswig-Holstein,
ii, 442
Schmalkalden,
ii, 205
Schmalkaldic league,
ii, 205
Schmidt, Dr.,
ii, 136
Schmit, E.,
ii, 135
Scholars,
i, 409
Scholasticism,
ii, 167 sqq.
Schools, monastic,
i, 613,
ii, 60;
public,
ii, 269 sq., 428-30
Schrader, O.,
i, 118, 169
Schuchert, C.,
i, 50
Schurtz, Dr.,
i, 556,
ii, 18, 22
Schwill,
ii, 37, 51, 377
Schwyz (shvēts),
ii, 199, 616
Science,
i, 397 sqq.,
ii, 35, 174 sqq.;
exploitation of,
ii, 388-91, 410;
and religion,
i, 584,
ii, 174, 177, 421-22
Science and Art Department,
ii, 437
Scientific research,
ii, 171
Scilly Isles,
i, 217
Scind (sind),
ii, 113
Scipio, Lucius,
i, 482
Scipio, P Cornelius, i, 475
Scipio (sip’ i ō) Africanus, the Elder,
i, 477-79, 483, 486, 499, 540
Scipio Africanus Minor,
i, 477, 483, 501
Scipio Nasica (nă sī’ kă),
i, 483, 501
Scorpion,
i, 25, 28
Scorpion, sea.
(See Sea-scorpion)
Scotch colonists,
i, 110
Scotland,
i, 59, 102, 109, 110, 532,
ii, 40, 66, 100, 162, 163, 178, 221, 225, 244, 261, 433, 471
Scott, E. F.,
i, 581
Scott, Michael,
ii, 88
Scott, Sir Walter,
ii, 487
Scriptures, Arabic,
ii, 22; Christian,
i, 627, 634
Scythia (sith’ i ă) and the Scythians,
i, 247, 261, 291, 300-01, 319, 327-30, 377, 388, 396, 490, 507, 510, 532-33, 543-45, 558,
ii, 66, 71, 113, 128, 367, 607
Sea, depth of,
i, 5
Sea fights, ancient,
i, 337-40
Sea power, ancient,
i, 379-80,
ii, 28
Sea trade,
ii, 182
Seamanship, early,
i, 209-11, 216-17, 218, 266, 272-73,
ii, 185 sqq.
Seas, primordial,
i, 8, 10, 16, 21-24, 46
Sea-scorpion,
i, 10, 21, 24
Seasons, the,
i, 30-33, 127, 128-29
Seaweed,
i, 23
Sebastiani Report,
ii, 359
Secunderabad (sē kŭn dĕr ă băd’),
i, 389
Sedan,
ii, 445, 531
Seek,
i, 598
Seeley, Sir J. R.,
ii, 140
Seignobos (sen yō bō’),
ii, 384
Seine, the,
i, 137
Seleucia,
i, 622
Seleucid (sĕ lū’ sid) dynasty,
i, 395-97, 428, 432, 480, 523, 571-72, 616,
ii, 608
Seleucus (sĕ lū’ kŭs) I,
i, 395, 430
Selfishness,
i, 423
Selim (sā lēm’), sultan,
ii, 126, 618
Seljuks (sel jooks’),
ii, 33, 71-72, 106, 114, 121, 615.
(See also Turks)
Semites (and Semitic peoples),
i, 148, 153-60, 188 sqq., 212, 218-19, 228, 232-233, 237, 242, 264-65,