[724] Additions to the original preamble are printed in italics. Clauses dropped from it are enclosed in square brackets.
[725] Additions to the original preamble are printed in italics. Clauses dropped from it are enclosed in square brackets.
[726] For chart showing structure of the I. W. W. in 1912 vide St. John, The I. W. W.—its history, structure and methods, (1st ed.) p. 2, St. John's chart is reproduced in the author's Launching of the I. W. W.
| Total Membership. | Membership cards issued. | Number of National Industrial Unions.[N] | Number of Local Unions.[O] | Number of Charters issued to Local Unions.[P] | Cumulative number of charters issued.[S] | Number of locals disbanded. | Cumulative number of locals disbanded. | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secretary-Treasurer. | Barnett.[G] | Miscellaneous.[H] | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||||||||
| 1905 | 14,000 | 14,300 | —- | [E] | 2 | [E] | [E] | [E] | [E] | [E] | ||||||||
| 1906 | 23,219[A] | 10,400 | 60,000 | [E] | 2 | 394 | 466[Q] | 466 | 185[T] | 185 | ||||||||
| 113 | 579 | |||||||||||||||||
| 200 | 281 | 860 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1907 | 5,931 | 6,700 | 28,000 | [E] | [E] | 362 | 118 | 928 | ||||||||||
| Chicago. | Detroit. | C. | D. | C. | D. | C. | C. | C. | D. | C. | D. | C. | D. | C. | D. | C. | D. | |
| 1908 | 5,397 | —— | 13,200 | —— | —— | [E] | [E] | 322 | 164 | 1102 | 63[U] | 248 | ||||||
| 1909 | 3,719 | —— | 10,700 | —— | —— | —— | [E] | [E] | 100 | 23 | 90 | 1 | 1192 | 1 | 33 | 281 | [E] | |
| 1910 | 4,617 | —— | 9,100 | —— | 9,137[I] | 3,475[I] | [E] | 1 | 97 | 14 | 160 | 7 | 1352 | 8 | 54 | 16 | 335 | 16 |
| 98 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 115 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1911 | 4,330 | 10,000 | 12,800 | 3,500 | —— | —— | 60,000[J] | [E] | 115 | 26 | 150 | 18 | 1502 | 26 | 69 | 6 | 404 | 22 |
| 105 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 107 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1912 | 18,387 | 20,000 | 18,300 | 10,700 | —— | 9,765 | 9,000[K] | [E] | 210 | 34 | 190 | 32 | 1692 | 58 | 53 | 24 | 457 | 46 |
| 1913 | 14,851 | 11,000[C] | 14,300 | 5,000 | 23,061 | —— | [E] | 3 | 236 | 58 | 236 | 22 | 1928 | 80 | 99 | 17 | 556 | 63 |
| 70,000 | 39 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1914 | 11,365 | —— | 12,000 | 2,000 | 14,310 | —— | [E] | 3 | 150 | 50 | 78 | 14 | 2006 | 94 | 125 | 4 | 681 | 67 |
| 23,840 | 128 | 49 | ||||||||||||||||
| 222 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1915 | 15,000[B] | 5,000[D] | —— | —— | 70,000 | —— | 191,293[L] | [E] | 300 | 51 | [E] | 2 | [E] | 96 | [E] | [E] | [E] | [E] |
| 15,000[M] | 150 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1916 | 60,000 | [E] | 35,000 | 4 | 535 | 33[R] | [E] | [E] | [E] | |||||||||
| 85,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 300,000[L] | 350 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1917 | 60,000[F] | —— | 200,000 | [E] | 6 | [E] | [E] | [E] | [E] | [E] | ||||||||
Here are assembled most of the available figures relating to I. W. W. membership and fluctuations in membership during the period 1905-1917. The figures are fragmentary and, for the most part, approximations; those in columns 1, 6, 7 and 11 being especially rough and fragmentary. For example, it will be observed, in comparing columns 7 and 9 with column 11 for the year 1914, that there must have been at least 1784 defunct locals at that time instead of 681 as the record shows.
The figures in italics were furnished by the secretary-treasurers, Vincent St. John for the Chicago I. W. W., and Hermann Richter for the Detroit I. W. W.
[A] Average membership 1905-1906. Computed from record of receipts for the General Defense Fund (Proceedings Second Convention, p. 586.)
[B] Approximate. W. D. Haywood before U. S. Commission on Industrial Relations, Washington, D. C., May 12, 1915. (Final Report and Testimony, vol. xi, p. 10581.)
[C] Weekly People, Sept. 27, 1913; also testimony of Rudolph Katz before U. S. Commission on Industrial Relations (Final Report and Testimony, vol. iii, 2485).
[D] Only 2000 were "in good standing."
[E] No data available.
[F] St. John, The I. W. W.—Its History, Structure and Methods (1917 ed.), p. 23.
[G] The figures in column 3 are from Professor Geo. E. Barnett, "Membership of American Trade Unions," Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. xxx, p. 846 (August, 1916). His figures come, apparently, from I. W. W. headquarters in Chicago, but they do not agree entirely with those furnished the author by Secretary St. John.
[H] In this and some of the following columns more than one figure has been included in years for which varying estimates were found. The sources for column 4 are as follows: Proceedings 2nd I. W. W. Convention, p. 60; Report of the I. W. W. to the Stuttgart International Socialist Congress, Industrial Union Bulletin, Aug. 10, 1907, p. 4; Bulletin New York State Department of Labor, no. 67 ("International trade union statistics"), p. 3; Louis Levine, "The development of syndicalism in America," Political Science Quarterly, vol. xxviii, p. 478 (Sept., 1913); Vincent St. John's testimony before U. S. Commission on Industrial Relations (Final Report and Testimony, vol. ii, p. 1456; Weekly People, Dec. 9. 1916, p. 1, col. 3).
[I] Leo Wolman, "Extent of labor organization," Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. xxx, p. 603 (May, 1916). Wolman shows sex distribution as follows:
| Chicago I. W. W.: | males | 7137, | females | 2000. |
| Detroit I. W. W.: | males | 3130, | females | 345. |
[J] Number issued between February 1910, and October, 1911.
[K] For the Detroit I. W. W. Approximate number issued during the textile workers strikes.
[L] Accumulated number from 1905.
[M] For the Detroit I. W. W. Approximate. October 1, 1908, to February 1, 1915.
[N] Sources: Industrial Worker (I), August, 1906; Miners Magazine, Sept. 7, 1905, p. 15; Marot, American Labor Unions, p. 59; St. John, op. cit., p. 23.
[O] Sources: Proceedings 2nd I. W. W. Convention, p. 43; Third I. W. W. Convention, Official Report No. 1, p. 2; Report of the I. W. W. to the Stuttgart International Socialist Congress, Industrial Union Bulletin, August 10, 1907, p. 3, col. 3; Massachusetts Bureau of Labor and Industry, Annual Report on Labor Organizations, 2nd to 7th, inclusive (1909-1914); The Industrial Worker, May 14, 1910, p. 2, and Jan. 5, 1911, p. 2; Marot, op. cit., Appendix.
[P] Sources: Miners Magazine, issues from Oct. 1, 1906, to Feb. 1, 1907; Report of the secretary-treasurer to 3rd I. W. W. Convention, Industrial Union Bulletin, Sept. 14, 1907, p. 7, col. 1.
[Q] Number issued up to Feb. 1, 1906, including 185 charters issued to the Mining Department (W. F. of M.) (Miners Magazine, Feb. 22, 1906, p. 14).
[R] Solidarity, May 27, 1916, p. 3, col. 1. This figure is for the first five months of 1916.
[S] Figures in the Detroit column are from Oct. 1, 1908.
[T] W. F. M. (Mining Department) locals. Miners Magazine, Sept. 7, 1905, p. 15.
[U] Oct. 1, 1907, to Oct. 1, 1908 (Industrial Union Bulletin, Oct. 10, 1908, p. 2, col. 3).
| Industry. | Total number of persons in the industry. | Members of Labor Organizations. | Members of the I. W. W. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number. | Per cent. of all trade unionists. | Per cent. of total in industry. | ||||||||
| Number. | Per cent. | Chicago. | Detroit. | C. | D. | C. | D. | |||
| Mining[728] | 834,456 | 254,779 | 30.5 | 200 | ... | 0.1 | ... | 0.0 | ... | |
| Clothing industries[729] | 608,892 | 102,972 | 16.9 | ... | 300 | ... | 0.3 | ... | 0.0 | |
| Quarrying | 85,919 | 6,309 | 7.3 | |||||||
| Production of salt, oil and natural gas | 37,476 | ... | ... | |||||||
| Chemical and allied industries | 73,585 | 268 | 0.4 | |||||||
| Clay, glass and stone industries | 309,341 | 63,416 | 20.5 | |||||||
| Food and kindred products[730] | 299,176 | 22,744 | 7.6 | 100 | ... | 0.4 | ... | 0.0 | ... | |
| Iron and steel products | 1,746,387 | 173,169 | 9.9 | 300 | 600 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Leather industries | 293,035 | 42,644 | 14.5 | |||||||
| Liquor and beverage industries | 73,475 | 49,665 | 67.6 | |||||||
| Lumber and furniture | 597,174 | 63,934 | 10.7 | 1300 | 200 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | |
| Metal industries (except iron and steel) | 320,041 | 15,013 | 4.7 | |||||||
| Paper and pulp industries | 101,797 | 2,683 | 2.6 | |||||||
| Printing and bookbinding | 249,456 | 85,479 | 34.3 | |||||||
| Textile industries | 800,251 | 29,862 | 3.7 | 4300 | 300 | 14.4 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | |
| Miscellaneous industries: | ||||||||||
| Button factories | 12,879 | 32 | 0.2 | |||||||
| Broom & brush factories | 12,922 | 897 | 6.9 | |||||||
| Charcoal and coke works | 23,294 | 500 | 2.1 | |||||||
| Cigar and tobacco factories | 170,904 | 46,742 | 27.3 | 100 | 200 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | |
| Electric light & power plants, electric supply factories, etc. | 252,883 | 36,092 | 14.3 | |||||||
| Gas works | 22,783 | 605 | 2.6 | |||||||
| Oil refineries and turpentine distilleries | 22,551 | |||||||||
| Rubber factories | 45,864 | 50 | 0.1 | |||||||
| Straw factories | 6,458 | 684 | 10.6 | |||||||
| Other miscellaneous and not specified industries | 323,534 | |||||||||
| Transportation[731] | 2,862,260 | 494,662 | 17.3 | 1000 | ... | 0.2 | ... | 0.0 | ||
| Hand trades | 713,659 | 4,346 | 0.6 | |||||||
| Building trades | 2,444,395 | 396,674 | 16.2 | 150 | 400 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Stationary engineers | 215,053 | 9,990 | 4.6 | |||||||
| Stationary firemen | 84,685 | 8,100 | 9.5 | |||||||
| Trade | 3,411,677 | 17,676 | 0.5 | |||||||
| Public service (not elsewhere classified) | 441,180 | 11,843 | 2.6 | |||||||
| Professional service | 1,628,970 | 77,976 | 4.8 | |||||||
| Domestic and personal service | 3,691,493 | 65,579 | 1.8 | 150 | ... | 0.2 | ... | 0.0 | ||
| Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry | 12,640,734 | 2,262 | 0.0 | |||||||
| Proprietary, official and supervisory groups | 980,012 | |||||||||
| Clerical groups | 1,696,061 | 28,853 | 1.7 | |||||||
| I. W. W. mixed locals | ... | ... | ... | 1437 | 1475 | |||||
| Total | 38,134,712 | 2,116,500 | 5.5 | 9037 | 3475 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Name of union and industrial group | 97. | 98. | 99. | 00. | 01. | 02. | 03. | 04. | 05. | 06. | 07. | 08. | 09. | 10. | 11. | 12. | 13. | 14. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mining and Quarrying (8 organizations). | ||||||||||||||||||
| W. F. M. | 80 | 100 | 120 | 140 | 177 | 196 | 283 | 241 | 263 | 286 | 442 | 305 | 353 | 371 | 502 | 492 | 495 | 369 |
| U. M. W. | 97 | 329 | 618 | 1155 | 1980 | 1753 | 2472 | 2510 | 2650 | 2307 | 2607 | 2520 | 2652 | 2314 | 2563 | 2893 | 3777 | 3390 |
| Total in group | 209 | 442 | 749 | 1307 | 2171 | 1964 | 2795 | 2789 | 2962 | 2653 | 3120 | 2897 | 3071 | 2749 | 3107 | 3429 | 4315 | 3802 |
| United Metal Workers | ... | ... | ... | 10 | 21 | 43 | 87 | 96 | [733] | |||||||||
| Textile group (9 organizations) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Textile Workers | 27 | 25 | 22 | 34 | 27 | 106 | 150 | 105 | 100 | 100 | 114 | 129 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 109 | 162 | 180 |
| Total in group | 81 | 85 | 69 | 80 | 70 | 147 | 195 | 151 | 145 | 147 | 161 | 176 | 148 | 214 | 217 | 230 | 295 | 303 |
| Lumber and Wood Working group (8 organizations) | 55 | 117 | 159 | 256 | 318 | 341 | 479 | 516 | 419 | 359 | 270 | 198 | 190 | 280 | 290 | 255 | 251 | 248 |
| Bakery Workers | 20 | 21 | 31 | 45 | 64 | 102 | 154 | 162 | 120 | 106 | 110 | 105 | 107 | 127 | 138 | 146 | 151 | 157 |
| Brewery Workers | 100 | 100 | 107 | 183 | 235 | 291 | 300 | 305 | 340 | 360 | 400 | 425 | 452 | 454 | 533 | 625 | 650 | 676 |
| Restaurant and Trade group (6 organizations) | 64 | 92 | 121 | 280 | 408 | 575 | 1144 | 1338 | 949 | 895 | 916 | 949 | 581 | 594 | 631 | 686 | 913 | 948 |
| I. W. W. (Chicago) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 143 | 104 | 67 | 132 | 107 | 91 | 138 | 183 | 143 | 120 |
| I. W. W. (Detroit) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 35 | 107 | 50 | 20 |
| Total in all groups | 4445 | 4971 | 6041 | 8654 | 11,236 | 13,743 | 19,129 | 20,726 | 19,450 | 19,063 | 20,776 | 20,904 | 20,031 | 21,380 | 23,365 | 24,408 | 27,010 | 26,744 |
| Members of labor organizations in the U. S. | Members of the I. W. W. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago. | Detroit. | |||
| (St. John)[735] | (Barnett) | (Barnett) | ||
| 1905 | 1,945,000 | 23,219 | 14,300 | |
| 1906 | 1,906,300 | ... | 10,400 | |
| 1907 | 2,077,600 | 5,931 | 6,700 | |
| 1908 | 2,090,400 | 5,397 | 13,200 | |
| 1909 | 2,003,100 | 3,719 | 10,700 | |
| 1910 | 2,138,000 | 4,617 | 9,100 | 3,475[739] |
| 1911 | 2,336,000 | 4,330 | 13,800 | 3,500 |
| 1912 | 2,440,800 | 18,387 | 18,300 | 10,700 |
| 1913 | 2,701,000 | 14,851 | 14,300 | 5,000 |
| 1914 | 2,674,400 | 11,365 | 12,000 | 2,000 |
| 1915 | ... | 15,000[736] | ... | 2,000 |
| 1916 | ... | 60,000[737] | ||
| 1917 | ... | 200,000[738] | ||
[727] Adapted by permission from Wolman, Leo, "Extent of Labor Organization," Quar. Jour. Econ. (May, 1916), 30: 606-13.
[728] All I. W. W. membership in coal mines.
[729] All I. W. W. membership in clothing, shirt, collar and cuff factories.
[730] All I. W. W. membership in slaughter and packing houses.
[731] All I. W. W. membership on steam railroads.
[732] Adapted by permission from Geo. E. Barnett, Quar. Jour. Econ. (Aug., 1916, Appendix), vol. 30: pp. 838-46.
[733] Merged in the I. W. W. in 1905.
[734] Adapted from Barnett, op. cit. (Quar. Jour. Econ., Aug., 1916.)
[735] Private correspondence. (1905-1914.)
[736] Haywood, W. D. Testimony Industrial Relations Commission, Washington, May 12, 1915 (Final report and testimony, vol. xi, p. 10581).
[737] St. John, V. The I. W. W. History, Structure and Methods. (1917 Ed. p. 23.)
[738] Credited in the government indictment in the case of The United States of America v. William D. Haywood, et al., no. 6125, p. 7.
[739] Wolman, op. cit.
| State. | City. | Chicago. | Detroit. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local unions numbered— | Industrial character. | Local unions numbered— | Industrial character. | ||
| California | Brawley | 439 | Mixed | ||
| Eureka | 431 | Lumber | |||
| Fresno | 66 | Mixed | |||
| Los Angeles | Propaganda league | Mixed | 103 | Mixed | |
| Oakland | 174 | Mixed | |||
| Redding | 88, 313 | Mixed | |||
| Sacramento | 71, 334, 489 | Mixed | |||
| San Francisco | 9 | Marine transport | 3 | Garment | |
| 147, 173 | Mixed | 8 | Musicians | ||
| 173 Branch 2 | Mixed | 107 | Mixed | ||
| Stockton | 5 | Marine transport | |||
| 73 | Mixed | ||||
| Taft | 453 | Mixed | |||
| Canada | Amherst, N. S. | 122 | Mixed | ||
| Edmonton, Alta. | 339 | Mixed | |||
| Vancouver, B. C. | 332 | ||||
| Colorado | Denver | 26 | Mixed | ||
| Connecticut | Bridgeport | 112 | Mixed | ||
| Hartford | 69 | Machinists | |||
| Moosup | 303 | Textile | |||
| Mystic | 35 | Textile | |||
| Norwalk | 535 | Textile | |||
| Florida | Tampa | 102 | Mixed | ||
| Key West | 108 | Mixed | |||
| Idaho | Wallace | Propaganda league | Mixed | ||
| Illinois | Chicago | 3, Br 2; 85; | Mixed | 52 | Machinists |
| 85, Br 2; | Mixed | 431 | Foodstuffs | ||
| 85, Br 3; | Mixed | 102 | Mixed | ||
| 85, Br 5; | Mixed | 102 Br 2 | Mixed | ||
| 85, Br 6; | Mixed | ||||
| 144; | Mixed | ||||
| 144, Br 3; | Mixed | ||||
| 341; | Mixed | ||||
| Propaganda league | Mixed (Hungarian) | ||||
| Rockford | 480 | Mixed | |||
| Indiana | Indianapolis | 52 | Mixed | 105 | Mixed |
| Iowa | Sioux City | Propaganda league | Mixed | ||
| Valley Junction | 577 | Mixed | |||
| Kansas | Kansas City | 146 | Mixed | ||
| Louisiana | Alexandria | 282 | Lumber | ||
| New Orleans | 7 | Marine transport | |||
| Massachusetts | Boston | 2 | Marine transport | ||
| Brookline | Propaganda league | Mixed | |||
| Fall River | 204 | Textile | |||
| Holyoke | 205 | Textile | |||
| Lawrence | 20 | Textile | |||
| Lowell | 436 | Textile | |||
| Lynn | 209 | Machinists | |||
| Malden | 190 | Textile | |||
| New Bedford | 157 | Textile | |||
| Quincy | 34; | Mixed | |||
| 34, Br 3; | Mixed | ||||
| Quincy Point | 34, Br 2 | Mixed | |||
| Roxbury | 121 | Mixed | |||
| Maryland | Baltimore | 192; | Textile | 275 | Tobacco |
| 192, Br 2; | Textile | ||||
| 371 | Mixed | ||||
| Michigan | Detroit | 16; | Mixed | 603 | Building |
| 16, Br 1; | Mixed | 26; 551; | Automobile | ||
| 16, Br 2; | Mixed | 551, Br 1; | Automobile | ||
| 16, Br 3 | Mixed | 551, Br 2 | Automobile | ||
| 62 | Mixed | ||||
| Minnesota | Duluth | 136 | Mixed | ||
| Minneapolis | 64; 221 | Mixed | 500 | Transportation | |
| St. Paul | 307 | Mixed | |||
| Missouri | Kansas City | 61 | Mixed | ||
| St. Louis | 84 | Mixed | 101 | Mixed | |
| Montana | Missoula | 40 | Lumber | ||
| Butte | Propaganda league | Mixed | |||
| Great Falls | 571 | Mixed | |||
| Nebraska | Omaha | Propaganda league | Mixed | ||
| Nevada | Goldfield | 353 | Mixed | ||
| Reno | 588 | Mixed | |||
| Tonopah | Propaganda league | Mixed | |||
| New Jersey | Hoboken | 504 | Transportation | ||
| West Hoboken | 514 | Textile | |||
| Newark | 90 | Mixed | 123 | Mixed | |
| Paterson | 152 | Textile | 25 | Textile | |
| Summit | 212 | Textile | |||
| New York | Buffalo | 5 | Mixed | 317 | Mixed |
| Jamestown | 114 | Mixed | |||
| 214 | Machinists | ||||
| Little Falls | 207 | Textile | |||
| Rochester | 191 | Textile | |||
| 76 | Mixed | ||||
| Utica | 113 | Mixed | |||
| New York City | 527 | Textile | 277 | Tobacco | |
| 1 | Marine | 100 | Mixed transport | ||
| 9, 46, 179; | Mixed | ||||
| 179, Br 3 | Mixed | ||||
| Brooklyn | 179, Br 1, 466 | Mixed | 213 | Machinists | |
| 701 | Printing | ||||
| North Dakota | Minot | 585 | Mixed | ||
| Ohio | Cincinnati | 107 | Mixed | ||
| Cleveland | 33; 33, Br 3 | Mixed | 104 | Mixed | |
| Columbus | 450 | Furniture | |||
| Dillonvale | 240 | Mixed | |||
| Rayland | 236 | Mixed | |||
| Toledo | 86 | Mixed | |||
| Oregon | Portland | 93 | Lumber | 600 | Building |
| Panama | Cristobal, C. Z. | 505 | Transportation | ||
| Pennsylvania | Erie | 210 | Machinists | ||
| Homestead (West) | 205 | Machinists | |||
| Old Forge | 97 | Mixed | |||
| Philadelphia | 425; | Textile | 404 | Musicians | |
| 425, Br 1; | Textile | 451 | Furniture | ||
| 533 | Textile | 218 | Textile | ||
| 8 | Marine transport | ||||
| 57; | Mixed | ||||
| 57, Br 2; | Mixed | ||||
| 405; | Mixed | ||||
| 405, Br 1; | Mixed | ||||
| Pittsburgh | 215 | Mixed | |||
| Shelly | 276 | Tobacco | |||
| Rhode Island | Olneyville | 530 | Textile | ||
| Woonsocket | 513 | Textile | |||
| South Carolina | Easley | 537 | Textile | ||
| Greenville | 512 | Textile | |||
| Texas | Galveston | 3 | Marine transport | ||
| Utah | Salt Lake City | 69 | Mixed | ||
| Virginia | Norfolk | 4 | Marine transport | ||
| Washington | Bellingham | 337 | Lumber | ||
| Seattle | 317; 432 | Lumber | 400 | Public service | |
| 252 | Marine transport | 427 | Foodstuffs | ||
| 178; 178, Br 2 | Mixed | 675 | Lumber | ||
| 382 | Mixed | ||||
| Spokane | 315 | Lumber | |||
| Tacoma | 338 | Lumber | 169 | Mixed | |
| 380 | Marine transport | ||||
| Wisconsin | Milwaukee | 118 | Mixed | ||