Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), Drury.
Nymphalis Semire. Alis subdentatis fuscis, fasciâ utrinque viridi interruptâ, posticis ad angulum ani ferrugineo maculatis; subtus omnibus basi luteis, nigro punctatis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (N.) Semire, Fabr. Spec. Ins. tom. 2. p. 88. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 114. No. 351. Cramer, pl. 194. fig. B. C.
Papilio (N. Ph.) Hippolyte, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Nymphalis Semire, Latr. & God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 392.
Habitat: Sierra Leone.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen yellowish brown. Wings dusky greenish brown, and spotted with round black spots at the base. Anterior having ten distinct spots of a pea-green, of different sizes and forms. Posterior wings with a large central patch of pea-green, which being divided by the tendons appear like six distinct long spots; below this patch is a row of faint reddish triangular spots.
Under Side. Palpi and legs pale yellow. Breast grey. Abdomen yellowish. Wings with the black spots much stronger, and the green spots more distinct than on the upper side. The general colour of the wings is much lighter, with a broadish cream-coloured bar running along the external edges, which, being separated by the tendons of the wings, appear like distinct streaks. Wings dentated.
Plate XIV. fig. 5, 6.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Vanessa, Fabr. Latr. God. Hamadryades, Hübn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Drury.
Vanessa Delius. Alis dentatis suprà fulvis basi extimoque fuscis, anticis apice strigâ punctorum alborum; posticis maculâ discoidali oblongâ ocellisque duobus analibus nigris, his extus caudatis, illis falcatis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 5 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Delius, App. vol. 3. (1783.)
Papilio N. Eurocilia, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 79. No. 247. (1793.)
Vanessa Demonica, Latr. & God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 301. No. 14. (1819.)
Habitat: Sierra Leone, with the two preceding (Drury). "In Indiis" (Fabr.). America? (Enc. Méth.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen red-brown. Anterior wings nearly black at the base, and also half of them next the tips, whereon are five small white spots, the middle of them being of a dark orange. Posterior wings also black at the base; each of them is furnished with two tails, the outward ones the longest; the external edges being bordered with dark brown, almost black, and all the middle part of the wing is dark orange.
Under Side. Palpi and legs yellowish. Breast dark brown. Abdomen yellowish. Wings with blackish and dark brown spots and marks, not to be distinctly described. Anterior wings with a broad yellowish bar crossing them from the anterior edges to the lower corners; while the posterior are also remarkable for a blueish patch placed between the outer tails and the abdominal corners.
The locality given by our author is evidently correct, because he was furnished with information respecting its habits by Mr. Smeathman, who stated that it breeds chiefly near open and cultivated spots, or in recent plantations, and sports in the sun like the Acrææ.
Plate XV. fig. 1.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Morpho, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Equit. Achiv.), Drury.
Morpho Laertes. Alis subdentatis, utrinque margaritaceo-albis, anticarum fasciâ costali nigrâ, posticis subtus strigâ ocellorum lunulisque marginalibus. (Expans. Alar. 6 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Eq. Achiv.) Laertes, Drury, App. vol. 3. Esper Pap. Exot. tab. 43. f. 2. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 84. No. 262. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 444. (Morpho L.)
Papilio Epistrophus, Fabr. Ind. Alphab. to Ent. Syst. p. 124. Donovan Nat. Repos. 4. 143.
Habitat: Brazil.
Upper Side. Antennæ white. Thorax and abdomen whiteish. Wings blueish white; anterior tipped with dark brown, with half the front edges next the body verged with dark brown, which, at the extremity, joins to a streak about three-fourths of an inch long, running from these edges towards the centre of the wing, near to which is placed two darkish round spots. Posterior wings having a row of dark crescents placed along the external edges, which becomes double near the abdominal corners; and a row of faint whiteish streaks crossing them from the anterior to the abdominal edges, meeting about an inch below the body.
Under Side. Palpi, legs, breast, and abdomen white. Wings coloured as on the upper side. The two round spots on the anterior ones are black; and the row of faint-coloured streaks crossing the posterior ones are here very strong; each streak being white, and placed on a brown ground, edged with yellow. Margins of the wings slightly dentated.
Fabricius, in the Entomologia Systematica, described two butterflies under the name of Papilio (N.) Laertes, No. 226. from Surinam figured by Cramer, and No. 262, from South America, figured by Drury. As the former species had the priority in point of date, Fabricius, in the alphabetical index to that work, altered the name of Drury's insect to Epistrophus. By the establishment, however, of the genus Morpho, comprising the insect figured by Drury, the difficulty is obviated, and as the species is universally known under the name of Laertes, it does not appear requisite to adopt the name of Epistrophus.
Plate XV. fig. 2, 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. God. Papilio (Nymphalis), Fabr. Subgenus: Catagramma, Boisduval.
Nymphalis (Catagramma) Hydaspes. Alis subdentatis, nigris, basi suprà nitidè cyaneis, anticis utrinque fasciâ chermesinâ abbreviatâ; posticis subtùs annulis duobus flavis punctisque quatuor ocellaribus. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 10 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Pleb. rur.) Hydaspes, Fabr. MSS. cited by Drury, App. vol. 3. (1783.) nec Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 54. No. 167. (1793.)
Nymphalis Hydaspes, Latr. & God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 424. (nec Cat. Hydaspes, Boisd. Hist. Nat. Lep. 1. pl. 9. f. 2., Donovan Nat. Repos. vol. 2. pl. 60.)
Biblis Hesperia, Perty Delect. Anim. art. Bras. pl. 30. f. 4. a. b.
Habitat: Brazil.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Eyes, thorax, and abdomen dark brown, nearly black. Anterior wings black, but of a fine shining blue at the base. A streak of a beautiful red colour crosses these wings from the middle of the anterior edges to the lower corners, stopping at a little distance therefrom. Posterior wings black, with a most beautiful blue patch on them next the body.
Under Side. Palpi black. Mouth white. Tongue and breast black. Abdomen white. Anterior wings nearly coloured as on the upper side, but next the body verged with white. A white streak also crosses them near the tips; and at a small distance from the body is placed a small round spot of a most beautiful red colour. Posterior wings black, with white lines running along the abdominal and outer edges. The centre is adorned with four small round spots, three blue, one white, surrounded by a white line in a oval form. Wings slightly dentated.
Drury referred this insect to the then unpublished Papilio Hydaspes, on the authority of Fabricius's handwriting, (his specimen having most probably been thus labelled by that author.) The authors of the Encyclopédie Méthodique also cite Drury's figure under Hydaspes. Fabricius, however, cites only the Banksian Cabinet, and Mr. Donovan's figure taken from the Banksian specimen, and published in the Naturalist's Repository, Vol. 2. Pl. 60. convinces us that Drury's insect is specifically distinct from that described by Fabricius, although evidently identical with the insect described as Hydaspes in the Encyclopédie Méthodique. Under these circumstances I have considered it most advisable to retain the name of Hydaspes for Drury's insect, under which name it was known for the space of ten years before the publication of the Fabrician Hydaspes, to which a new specific name must be applied. As there are several other nearly allied Brazilian species, it is not impossible that Fabricius, from recollection alone, applied the name of Hydaspes to Drury's specimen, having previously described the insect from the Banksian Cabinet, the under surface of which especially is very different from that figured by Donovan.
Plate XVI. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. God. Papilio (Nymphalis), Fabr.
Nymphalis Hippona. Alis suprà nigris, anticis fulvo flavoque variis: posticis caudatis basi fulvo apice nigro strigâ marginali punctorum alborum. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph.) Hippona, Fabr. Sp. Ins. 2. p. 54. No. 258. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 180. No. 559. Donovan Ins. India, pl. 35. fig. * Encycl. Méth. ix. p. 362.
Papilio (Nymph. Phal.), Cramer, pl. 90. fig. C. D. Stoll Suppl. Cramer, pl. 2. fig. 1. & 1. A. B. C. Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: Brazil (Drury). Guiana, Antilles (Enc. Méth.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black at the base, but yellow at the extremities. Thorax and abdomen greenish brown. Anterior wings angulated, and black, but orange-brown at the base; posterior edges verged with black. An irregular indented yellow bar crosses them from the middle of the anterior edges to the middle of the external ones; and near the tips are placed two white spots, one large, of an oval shape, and a small round one. Posterior wings with two tails, chiefly of a yellow-brown colour, but having a black circular patch placed along the external edges, and reaching nearly from the abdominal to the upper corners, whereon are placed three white crescents and a small round spot.
Under Side. Palpi yellowish. Tongue dark brown. Legs yellowish. Breast dark brown. Abdomen yellowish. Wings ornamented with such a variety of soft colours, as renders it impossible to describe them minutely.
The transformations of this curious species have been figured by Stoll in his supplementary volume to Cramer. The caterpillar is of a dark green, with a black dorsal line and lateral spots of the same colour. The head is black, with two yellow spots, and furnished with two short obtuse spines. It lives upon a plant called "poirvier," feeding only by night, remaining during the day concealed in a kind of case, which it forms by rolling up a leaf. The chrysalis is short, and thick, without angular prominences, of a grey colour, with black dots. It attaches itself by the tail to the stem of the plant upon which it feeds.
Fabricius erroneously gives India as the habitat of this species, whence Donovan has introduced it into his work upon the insects of that country.
Plate XVI. fig. 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. God. Papilio (Nymphalis), Fabr.
Nymphalis Orsis. Alis nigris, (in mare cœruleo-micantibus) strigis tribus macularibus albis, prima et secunda corpus secantibus. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Orsis, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Papilio (N.) Oisis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 124. No. 378. (♂.) Enc. Méth. ix. p. 381. No. 102. (Nymphalis O.)
Papilio N. Blandina, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 129. (♀.) Donovan Ins. India, No. 2. pl. 1. f. 3.
Habitat: Brazil (Drury, &c.). In Indiis (Fabr.). East India (Donovan, erroneously).
Upper Side. Antennæ, thorax, and abdomen brown, the latter having six spots on it. Wings very dark changeable blue; anterior having a pale streak crossing them a little way on each side the thorax, with several other small ones on other parts.
Under Side. Palpi very small, hairy, and white. Thorax, legs and abdomen white. Wings pale red-brown, having a shade of darker colour running along their external edges, and on the anterior ones are placed two faint-coloured streaks, running from the external edges towards the middle of the wings. Margins of the wings angulated and dentated.
Plate XVI. fig. 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: ——? (hesperi-sphinges, Latr.) Family: Castniidæ.
Genus. Castnia, Fabr. Latr. God. Dalm. Papilio (Dan. Festiv.), Drury.
Castnia Thais. Alis anticis supra fusco-viridibus, nitidis, basi fasciisque duabus carneo-griseis; posticis rubris fasciis duabus margineque nigris. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Dan. Festiv.) Thais, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Castnia Thalaira, Latr. God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 800. No. 14.
Habitat: Brazil.
Upper Side. Antennæ brown. Thorax, abdomen, and anterior wings red-brown; the latter having two streaks or bars of a lighter colour crossing them from the anterior edges to the posterior and external ones; one crossing the middle of the wing, the other nearer the tips. Posterior wings orange; the lower part black along the external edge, whereon are placed a row of square orange-coloured spots, those next the upper corners reaching to the edge; a black line also crosses these wings, beginning just below the body, and running almost across to the upper corner.
Under Side. Palpi and thorax red-brown. Abdomen yellowish. Anterior wings yellowish clay-coloured, with three black lines crossing them transversely, the middle one being the broadest. Posterior wings orange-brown, with a small white spot placed near the centre. Margins of the wings plain.
Plate XVII. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Hesperiidæ, Steph.
Genus. Hesperia, Fabr. Latr. Erinnys P. Schr. Papilio (Pleb. Urb.), Drury.
Hesperia Ophion. Alis fuscantibus, anticis utrinque punctis quinque discoidalibus alterisque tribus subapicalibus albis; posticis subtùs albis margine antico nigro 3-maculato serieque punctorum submarginalium. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 10 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Pleb. Urb.) Ophion, Drury, App. vol. 3. Stoll Suppl. Cram. pl. 26. f. 4.
Habitat: Sierra Leone.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Head with five small white spots. Thorax, abdomen, and wings dark greyish brown; anterior wings having a cluster of five small oval transparent white spots placed near the middle of the wings, and three very small round spots of the same kind nearer the tips. Several faint dark spots are also dispersed on these and the inferior wings.
Under Side. Palpi above brown, beneath white. Breast, legs, and abdomen white. Anterior wings coloured as on the upper side. Posterior white, but along the anterior edges brown, where are three black spots placed on each wing. A row of brown spots is also placed along the external edges, and another row of very small ones above them. Margins of the wings entire.
The African species of Hesperiidæ (according to Mr. Smeathman), including those represented in these and the two following figures, sport in the sun, and are remarkable for their very sudden and rapid short flights from bush to bush.
Plate XVII. fig. 3, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Hesperiidæ.
Genus. Hesperia, Latr. Fabr. Thymele P. Fabr. (syst. Gl.) Heteropterus, Duméril. Subgenus: Eudamus, Swains. Boisd.
Hesperia (Eudamus) Orion. Alis nigro fuscis, anticis fasciâ tenui maculari subbifidâ punctisque subapicalibus; posticarum limbo externo caudisque albis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc.)
Syn. Papilio Orion, Fabr. Mant. Ins. 2. p. 85. No. 774. Cramer, pl. 155. f. A. B. Drury, App. vol. 3.
Papilio (Pleb. Urb.) Proteus, var. β. Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 333. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 729. No. 4. (Hesp. O.)
Eudamus Doryssus, Swains. Zool. Illustr. N. Ser. pl. 48.
Habitat: Sierra Leone (Drury, correctly?). Brazil, Surinam (Fabr. Enc. Méth. &c.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax, abdomen, and wings dark olive brown. Anterior wings having a small narrow transparent white line crossing them from the anterior edges to the lower corners, intersected by the brown tendons of the wings. Posterior wings terminating in two white, short, and broad tails.
Under Side. Palpi white. Breast, abdomen, and wings coloured as on the upper side; the posterior differing merely in having their outward edges bordered with white.
This insect belongs to the subgenus Eudamus proposed by Mr. Swainson, in the new series of his beautiful Zoological Illustrations, and appears in no respect to differ from that which he has figured under the name of Eudamus Doryssus. He observes that the type of this group is the Hesperia Proteus Fabr.; that all the species, of which there are nearly thirty, are from America; that their flight is exceedingly rapid in the morning and evening, and that they rest with their wings perpendicular. Drury, on the other hand, gives Sierra Leone as the habitat, and adds, moreover, on the authority of Mr. Smeathman, that this species, like the last, sports in the sun, and is remarkable for the very rapid short flights it takes from bush to bush, so as to be caught with great difficulty. In his manuscripts, however, I find this species marked as being from "Madras, Mr. Skeene, 1772."
Plate XVII. fig. 5, 6.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurua. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. God. Papilio (Nymphalis), Fabr.
Nymphalis Janais. Alis subdentatis, nigris; anticis utrinque albo-punctatis; posticis supra disco rubro, subtus basi flavo et nigro, punctato. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Janais, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Nymphalis J., Latr. et God. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 392. No. 146.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone" (Drury, in text). "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ, thorax, abdomen, and anterior wings black, the latter with a number of small white spots dispersed over different parts of the wings. Posterior wings black; the middle part fine carmine red, the scolloping next the abdominal corners being verged with white.
Under Side. Palpi black. Legs brown. Breast and abdomen black. Anterior wings coloured as on the upper side. Posterior wings as on the upper side, but next the body having a large patch of a yellow colour, on which are several small black spots. The red part of these wings is surrounded by a row of small white spots, placed on the black ground.
Plate XVIII. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Heliconiidæ.
Genus. Acræa, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Heliconii), Fabr. olim.
Acræa Umbra. Alis oblongis integerrimis brunneis, extimo suprà latè fusco, posticis subtùs ad basin nigro punctatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Dan. Fest.) Umbra, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Papilio (Hel. U.), Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 172. No. 535. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 236. (Acræa U.)
Habitat: Sierra Leone.
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax black, with several white spots. Abdomen black, with five dark yellow spots on each side, and five rings of the same colour placed between them. Apical half the anterior wings a very dark brown, almost black; basal half, dark yellow-brown. One-third of the posterior wings, next the outer edges, almost black; the remainder of a dark yellow-brown. The black spots described on the under side are discernible on this side.
Under Side. Palpi black above, but whiteish underneath. Legs the same. Breast nearly black, with white spots. Abdomen yellowish. Anterior wings a very dark brown of a yellowish tinge; the posterior having a number of small black spots (about 18) situate near the body. Margins of the wings nearly entire.
The minute black spots at the base of the posterior wings, described by Drury and Fabricius, are not represented in the figure.
Plate XVIII. fig. 3, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Heliconiidæ.
Genus. Acræa, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Helicon.), Fabr. olim.
Acræa Dice. Alis oblongis integerrimis concoloribus, anticis hyalino-cinerascentibus; posticis fulvis nigro-punctatis, margine exteriori latè hyalino. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 1½ lin.)
Syn. Papilio (Helicon.) Dice, Drury, App. vol. 3. (1783.)
Papilio (H.) Quirina, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 159. No. 492. (1793.) Enc. Méth. ix. p. 231. No. 2. (Acræa Q.)
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (Drury's MSS.). Madras (Fabricius).
Upper Side. Antennæ, eyes, thorax, and abdomen black; the latter having a row of white spots on each side, extending to the anus. Anterior wings thin and diaphanous; with a red streak along their posterior edges, reaching to the body from the lower corners, whereon is a small black line close to the body, with a small black round spot just below it. Posterior wings red, having a diaphanous border running along the external edges from the upper to the abdominal corners. These wings next the body are dark brown, and on the red are dispersed several small black spots, varying in number.
Under Side. Palpi brown. Fore legs yellow; the others yellow and brown. Breast spotted black and white. Abdomen ringed with yellow. Wings coloured as on the upper side, but the red is fainter; the dark brown part on this side is grey, and the black spots larger and more distinct. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XVIII. fig. 5, 6.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Heliconiidæ.
Genus. Acræa, Fabr. Latr. God. Papilio (Heliconii), Fabr. olim.
Acræa Circeis. Alis oblongis integerrimis; anticis hyalinis, nervis margineque fuscis, posticis fuscis fasciâ flavescenti, transversâ mediâ, his subtus basi cinereis nigroque punctatis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc.)
Syn. Papilio Circeis, Drury, App. vol. 3. Herbst. Pap. tab. 81. fig. 6. 7.
Papilio (Parnass.) Mandane, Fabr. Syst. Ent. III. 1. p. 183. No. 565. Encycl. Méth. ix. p. 239. 29. (Acræa M.)
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen black, the latter spotted with white. Anterior wings diaphanous, the edges bordered with brown. Posterior wings russet brown, having a broad yellow bar crossing them about the middle of the abdomen, and reaching almost from one upper corner to the other; above the bar, next the body, are a number of black spots.
Under Side. Palpi, legs, and abdomen yellowish. Breast brown. Anterior wings coloured as on the upper side. Posterior wings grey in those parts where they are brown on the upper side; the yellow bar being fainter, but the black spots stronger, and amounting to ten in number. Margins of the wings entire.
Here, as in many places elsewhere, I have reverted to Drury's name, which Fabricius unwarrantably changed in the subsequently published Entomologia Systematica, and which in most cases the authors of the Encyclopédie Méthodique have adopted.
Plate XIX.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Bombycidæ, Steph.
Genus. Saturnia, Schrank. Attacus, Germar. Bombyx p., Ochs. Phalæna (Attacus), Drury.
Saturnia Alinda. Alis rufo-brunneis margine saturatioribus signisque nonnullis undulatis obscuris, anticis maculâ discoidali fenestratatâ; posticis ocello magno centrali. (Expans. Alar. 7 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Phalæna Attacus Alinda, Drury, App. vol. 3. Oliv. Enc. Méth. 5. p. 26. 10. (Bombyx A.)
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ pectinated. Neck buff-coloured. Thorax and abdomen brownish red, the centre of the former being grey. Anterior wings brown-red, darkest along the external edges, with two faint dark indented lines crossing them from the anterior to the posterior edges. A transparent spot is placed near the middle of the wings, about a quarter of an inch from the anterior edges, without any iris of a different colour. Posterior wings brown-red, and darkest along the external edges, having a few faint waved lines. Near the middle is a small transparent spot, edged with buff at the bottom, surrounded by a dark brown border, and which is also encircled by another quite black.
Under Side. Breast red-brown. Legs, abdomen, and wings entirely of a dark buff. All the faint waved lines, hardly discernible on the other side, are here very conspicuous. Close to the transparent spots, on the anterior wings, are two of a dark brown, and two larger are also placed close to the transparent ones in the posterior wings, without any of the circular ones which are on the upper side. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XX. fig. 1, 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Nymphalis, Latr. God. Papilio (Nymphalis), Fabr.
Nymphalis Althea. Alis dentatis suprà fuscis, fasciâ strigâque angulato-dentatis albis; subtùs flavescentibus lituris atris fasciâ strigisque iisdem. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (N.) Althea, Fabr. Spec. Ins. 2. p. 88. No. 389. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 113. No. 347. Cramer, pl. 89. fig. E. F.
Nymphalis A., Enc. Méth. ix. p. 383. No. 111.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ brown. Thorax, abdomen, and wings dark brown; a row of ash-coloured crescents cross the latter from the middle of the posterior to the anterior edges, uniting with a bar of the same colour, which crosses the posterior wings, meeting below the abdomen: another row of ash-coloured marks, like beards of arrows, are placed between the above-mentioned row and the external edges, which are bordered with some faint lightish marks. Posterior wings with an additional row of light arrow beards running along the external edges, which are also bordered with faint lightish marks like the anterior.
Under Side. Palpi white. Breast and legs light clay-coloured. Wings paler than on the upper side, being greyish brown. The light-coloured bar, crossing the wings and meeting below the abdomen, is very conspicuous on this side. The markings are much the same as on the upper. Margins of the wings dentated.
Plate XX. fig. 3, 4.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Diurna. Family: Nymphalidæ, Swains.
Genus. Vanessa, Fabr. Latr. God. Hamadryades, Hübn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.), Drury.
Vanessa Amestris. Alis dentatis, anticis falcatis posticis rotundatis; omnibus suprà fuscis ad extimum fasciis tribus macularibus transversis, intermediâ ferrugineâ, (ad apicem maculis duabus albis) cæteris cœrulescentibus subtus marmoratis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)
Syn. Papilio (N. P.) Amestris, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Papilio (N.) Amestris, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 116. 360.
Papilio (N.) Zingha, Fabr. loc. cit. No. 358.
Vanessa Erinna, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 315.
Habitat: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (Drury's MSS.). "In Indiis, Dom Drury" (Fabr. sub P. N. Amestris, incorrectly).
Upper Side. Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen very dark. Anterior wings dark brown, with a row of red crescents inverted, placed near the external edges; above them are several blueish marks and dashes. Two square reddish spots are placed near the shoulders, having blueish borders. Two small round white spots are situated near the tips of each wing, and along the external edges are several blueish spots. Posterior wings nearly corresponding with the anterior. The row of red crescents is continued along these wings, and meets below the abdomen. The rows of blueish spots are also continued along the borders.
Under Side. Breast and legs dark brown. Wings very dark brown, variegated with many brown markings, in such manner as not to be described. A single white spot is situate at the tips of the anterior ones, and a series of small round spots run along the borders of all the wings. Margins of the wings deeply dentated.
Plate XXI. fig. 1.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Nocturna. Family: Noctuidæ, Steph.
Genus. Noctua, Auct. Subgenus ——?
Noctua Tristis. Alis fuscis nigro-atomosis, dimidio basali saturatiori strigàque ad angulum internum anticarum nigrâ. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 10 lin.)
Syn. Phalæna (Noctua) Tristis, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: "Cape of Good Hope" (Drury, in text). "Jamaica" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ brown and setaceous. Thorax and abdomen grey-brown. Anterior wings grey-brown, having a small streak of a very dark colour placed near the lower corners, and two smaller ones at the tips; a large patch of the same colour occupies the middle of the wings, extending some way towards the shoulders. Posterior wings greyish-coloured, without any marks.
Under Side. Tongue not observed. Legs, breast, and abdomen greyish. Anterior wings darker on this side than on the upper; the anterior edges being white, and the dark streak at the lower corners very observable. Posterior wings coloured as on the upper side, and having two dark-coloured marks placed near the middle of the wings. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XXI. fig. 2.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Nocturna. Family: Lithosiidæ, Steph.
Genus. Gnophria? Steph. Lithosia p., Fabr. Phalæna (Noctua), Drury.
Gnophria? Collaris. Alis nigris, anticarum maculâ pone medium albâ, collari sanguineo. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Phalæna (Noctua) Collaris, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: Brazil. "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).
Upper Side. Antennæ black and setaceous. Thorax, abdomen, and wings blueish black, immaculate, except an oval white spot placed on the anterior ones, about a quarter of an inch from the tips.
Under Side. Palpi black. Tongue and neck yellow. Legs, breast, and abdomen grey. Anus yellow. Wings black, the anterior having a small white longitudinal streak near the shoulders, and the oval spot seen on the upper side. Posterior wings also fringed with white. Margins of the wings entire.
Plate XXI. fig. 3.
Order: Lepidoptera. Section: Nocturna. Family: Arctiidæ, Steph.
Genus. Callimorpha, Latr. Phalæna (Noctua), Drury.
Callimorpha Cænea. Alis nigris, anticis fasciâ latâ transversâ, margineque antico posticarum flavescentibus. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 9 lin.)
Syn. Phalæna Noctua Cænea, Drury, App. vol. 3.
Habitat: Drury (incorrectly?) states that he received this insect both from Madras and Brazil. "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1775" (Drury's MSS.).