Injuries, coagulation of blood in, 488

fatal, acts performed after, 493

identification from, 403

medical inspection of, 101

of abdominal walls, 580

viscera, 580

spinal cord, 571

spine, 571

slight, death from, 507

whether ante- or post-mortem, 482

Inquest, see Coroners

Insane persons, liability of, for medical services, 39

Insolation, 636

Insulation of electrical conductors, 667

Intestines, post-mortem examination of, 371

wounds of, 586

Kidneys, post-mortem examination of, 370

rupture of, 584

wounds of, 584

Larynx, in death from hanging, 754

strangulation, 718

post-mortem examination of, 369

License (see Practice of Medicine and Surgery), 7

(or diploma), how proved in court, 20

licensed physician presumed competent as an expert witness, 58

licensed practitioner, pretending to be, when not a misdemeanor, 22

statutes requiring, constitutional, 7

suits cannot be maintained by persons without, 18

unlicensed practitioner not presumed competent as expert witness, 62

when may be compelled by courts, 14

when presumed, 19

Lightning, 690

burns from, 694

contusions by, 695

effects on internal organs, 702

loss of consciousness from, 696

memory from, 696

paralysis from, 697

pathology of, stroke of, 700

staining of skin by, 696

symptoms produced by, 693, 696

wounds by, 695

Liver, post-mortem examination of, 375

rupture of, 582, 808

wounds of, 582

Lungs, in death from strangulation, 719

submersion, 805

post-mortem examination of, 368

wounds of, 575

Lymphorrhagia, 470

Malpractice, 73-87

abortion is, 74

civil cases concerning, 80

contributory negligence in, 87

criminal cases concerning, 73

damages for, 83

definition of, 73

degree of care and skill in, 80

evidence in, 84

inspection before trial in, 85

partners liable for, 84

Mannlicher rifle, effects of, 619

Marks of powder, 608

Married women, liability of, for medical services, 37

Master, liability of, for services rendered servant, 39

Massage, not practising medicine or surgery, 28

Medical examiners, see Coroners

contract of coroner with, binds county to payment of reasonable compensation, 336

coroners may employ, 335

In Massachusetts:

cannot hold autopsy unless authorized, 338

cannot hold an inquest, 338

in place of coroners, 338

Medical societies, by-laws of, 15

fee bill, 22

Medicine and surgery, see Physician and Patient; and Practice of Medicine and Surgery

Muscular contraction, from electrical current, 677

Mutilated remains, identification of, 408

Nails, identification from, 406

Neck, contusions of, 570

wounds of, 569

Œsophagus, post-mortem examination of, 369

Overlying, 774

Pancreas, post-mortem examination of, 375

Patient, rights of, concerning confidential communications, 96

Physician, action for professional services, 133

his books containing confidential entries, 110

his rights and duties concerning confidential communications, 132

receiver not entitled to his books of account, 110

what is a professional capacity? 123

Physician and patient,

contracts between, compensation for services, 37

conditional and unconditional, 34

consulting physicians, 44

duties of patient, 29, 30

physician, 28

employment, how terminated, 26, 28, 30

may be declined, 24

estates of deceased persons, when liable for, 43

express or implied, 26

express, 27

implied, elements of, 28

infants, liability of, 43

insane persons, when liable, 45

married women, generally not liable, 43

masters, liable for services rendered servants, 45

measure of recovery for, 45

patient presumed liable, 37

person calling in physician not presumed liable, 36, 41

physicians treating each other, when they may recover, 47

railway company, when liable for, in case of accident, 42

railway physicians, authority of, 42

relation of physician and patient, 119

compensation for services, right to sue for in United States, 26

how lost, 19

students’ services, 44

skill and care required of (see Malpractice), 28, 31, 32, 33

schools of medicine not recognized by courts, 15

standard of school professed must be attained, 31

stranger may not be called in without patient’s consent, 29

Pithing, 572

Poisoning, 597

Position of victim, 541, 546

Post-mortem appearances, in death from burns, 647

cold, 634

hanging, 746

starvation, 822

strangulation, 713

submersion, 801, 804

sunstroke, 638

Post-mortem changes, 441

ecchymoses, 443, 485

hypostasis, 443

lividity, 443

rigidity, 442, 453

Post-mortem examinations (see Autopsies, Coroners), 354

when and ow made by coroner, 337

Post-mortem wounds, 355

Powder-marks, 608, 612

Practice of medicine and surgery (see Physician and Patient), 7-25

acquirement of right, regulated by statutes, 7

constitutionality of, statutes regulating, 8

criminal cases, proof of, 19, 22

license for, may be compelled, 14

how proved, 20

medical societies and by-laws of, 14

fee bills, 15

massage not, 22

patent medicines, 14

statutory regulations concerning, in:

Alabama, 137

Arizona, 139

Arkansas, 140

California, 141

Colorado, 144

Connecticut, 145

Delaware, 148

Dist. of Columbia, 149

Florida, 150

Georgia, 151

Idaho, 152

Illinois, 153

Indiana, 155

Iowa, 157

Kansas, 160

Kentucky, 160

Louisiana, 162

Maine, 164

Maryland, 165

Massachusetts, 167

Michigan, 167

Minnesota, 168

Mississippi, 169

Missouri, 171

Montana, 173

Nebraska, 175

Nevada, 177

New Jersey, 178

New Hampshire, 181

New Mexico, 181

New York, 183

North Carolina, 189

North Dakota, 191

Ohio, 193

Oklahoma, 193

Oregon, 194

Pennsylvania, 197

Rhode Island, 203

South Carolina, 203

South Dakota, 204

Tennessee, 205

Texas, 207

Utah, 209

Vermont, 211

Virginia, 212

Washington, 215

West Virginia, 219

Wisconsin, 222

Wyoming, 223

Great Britain, 224

Scotland, 224

England, 224

Ireland, 224

Brit. Columbia, 238

Manitoba, 242

N. Brunswick, 248

Newfoundland, 255

N. W. Terr., 258

Nova Scotia, 262

Ontario, 268

Prince Edw. Is., 278

Quebec, 284

Privileged communications, 91

cause of death, 111

communications to physician not privileged at common law, 91

“confidential communications,” 115, 118

between physician and patient, when privileged, 94

dependent upon professional capacity, 98

effect of excluding privileged evidence, 130

evidence admitted not to be commented on, 111

in criminal actions, 101

in lunacy proceedings, 103

of abortion, 102

of adultery, 102

of crime in civil actions, 101

of criminal intimacy, 102

of habitual drunkenness, 103

of value of physician’s services, 133

to establish privilege, 106

function of the court, 128

ground of privilege, 91

harmless admission no ground for exception, 111

how evidence of physician taken in New York, 97

how privilege established, 131

in actions for divorce, 102

in criminal actions, 101

“information,” 97, 115

“matters confided,” 99

“matter committed,” 97, 118

“matter necessary to enable a physician to prescribe or a surgeon to act,” 124

mental condition of patient, 103

necessity, 98

objections to evidence, 109

when made, 110

objection once made need not be repeated, 111

partner of physician, as privileged witness, 122

patient’s ignorance immaterial, 110

rights concerning confidential communications, 96

physician defined, 105

“duly authorized,” 105

as witness to establish privilege, 131

physician’s advice, 98

books, 110

cannot refuse to disclose when patient waives privilege, 99

knowledge, 98

presumption from failure to give privileged evidence, 130

privilege is patient’s, not physician’s, 107

“professional capacity,” 123

purpose of statutes prohibiting disclosures, 96

relation of physician and patient, 119, 122

result of legislation, 134

rights and duties of physician, 132

statutory privileges concerning confidential communications, 93

statutory privileges for waiver of privilege, 96

surgeon defined, 105

testamentary causes, 103

waiver after death of patient, in New York, 98

waiver of privilege after patient’s death, 108

by application for insurance, 111

by proof of death to insurance company, 111

by contract, 112

by infant, 108

by patient’s attorney, 107

by representative of deceased patient, 103

by requesting physician to witness will, 113

certificate of death, 115

effect of, 107, 110

infant’s, 113

taking physician’s deposition, 112

testimony of patient, 111

what constitutes, 111

what evidence is excluded, 97

what is privileged, 115

when patient may be contradicted by physician, 112

who may waive, 106

whose testimony is privileged, 105

witness, 97

Projectile, course of, 615

evidence from, 600

Punctured wounds, see Wounds

Putrefaction, 445, 453

circumstances favoring, 447

retarding, 448

of immersed bodies, 450, 810

Pyæmia, 511

Race, determination of, from hair, 393

skeleton, 393

Railway companies, when liable for medical services, 41

Railway physicians, authority as to employing nurses, 42

Reports, medico-legal, 381

Resistance, electrical, 673

Respiration, suspended, 439

Ribs, fracture of, 574

Rifle, Mannlicher, 619

Rigor mortis, 442, 453, 701

Rupture of abdominal organs, 582

bladder, 585

gall-bladder, 584

of heart, 578

internal organs, 553

kidneys, 584

liver, 582, 808

spleen, 584

stomach, 586

Saponification, 451

Scalds, 639

Scars, in relation to identity, 419

Schools of medicine not recognized by courts, 15

Septicæmia, 510

Sex, determination of, 400

Sharks, bites of, 808

Shock, 499

Shot-guns, wounds by, 607

Signs of death, 440

Skin, marks on, 419

Skull, fracture of, 559

measurements of, 394

Small shot, wounds by, 617

Smothering, 774

Spinal cord, concussion of, 573

post-mortem examination of, 377

wounds of, 571

Spine, dislocation of, 572

fracture of, 571

wounds of, 571

Spleen, post-mortem examination of, 371

rupture of, 584

wounds of, 584

Spontaneous combustion, 647

Stabs, 463

Stains, could assailant have escaped without? 538

Starvation, acute, 817

chronic, 818

death from, 813

diseases produced by, 824

or disease, which was cause of death? 823

period of death from, 820

post-mortem appearances in, 822

whether accompanied by other ill-treatment, 822

Stature, determination of, 398

Sternum, fracture of, 574

Stigmata, 426

Stomach, post-mortem examination of, 373

rupture of, 586

wounds of, 586

Strangulation, 707, 708

accidental, 724

cases of, 734

cases of, 726

external appearances due to, 713

homicidal, 725

cases of, 726

internal appearances due to, 727

post-mortem appearances, 713

proof of death by, 721

simulated, 725

stages of, 710

suicidal, 724

cases of, 732

symptoms of, 708

treatment of, 712

Struggle, signs of, 536

Submersion, 793

asphyxia by, 796

cadaveric signs in death by, 804

circumstances modifying time of, 810

definition of, 796

mode of death by, 797

post-mortem appearances, 801

stages and symptoms of death by, 798

treatment of apparently drowned, 802

whether accidental, suicidal, or homicidal, 807

Suffocation, 707, 774

accidental, 785

cases of, 787