Terrible earthquake in, ii. 188.
The sultan of, joined by the warriors of Carismia, ii. 326.
Malek-Saleh Negmeddin, the sultan of, ii. 376.
Military and political state of, when invaded by Louis IX., ii. 377, ii. 378, ii. 379.
The Saracens defeated by Louis, ii. 403.
The Christian forces, in their turn, defeated with great slaughter, ii. 408, ii. 428.
Almoadam raised to the throne of, ii. 417.
Louis IX. taken prisoner in, ii. 428.
Civil commotions in, ii. 459.
Sultan of, negotiates a treaty of alliance with Venice, iii. 199.
Undertakes an expedition against the Portuguese, ib.
Memoir of Leibnitz, addressed to Louis XIV., on the conquest of, iii. 478-493 (App.).
Eleanor of Guienne, the queen of Louis VII., i. 343, i. 346.
Accomplishments of, i. 360.
Her irregular conduct, i. 361, i. 362.
Repudiated by her husband, i. 362.
Results of her divorce, i. 378, i. 472.
Eleuctra, river, venomous serpents of, i. 198.
Elevein, province of, in Wales, iii. 409.
Elidore, miraculous adventure of, iii. 411.
Eloi, St., at the court of Dagobert, i. 10.
Emad-eddin, his conspiracy for dethroning the sultan of Cairo, ii. 242.
Emaüs, captured by Saladin, i. 427.
Emicio, Count, instigates the Crusaders to the greatest cruelties, i. 70.
Emirs of Egypt, power of, ii. 444.
Emmaüs, the Crusaders arrive at, i. 201.
England, her resistance to the pretensions of the popes, ii. 303, ii. 341.
Increase of liberty in, iii. 285.
State of, and changes in, during the age of the crusades, iii. 256 et seq.
Erard de Severy, his heroic death, ii. 410.
Eude, duke of Burgundy, i. 249.
Killed in battle, i. 254 and n.
—— III., death of, ii. 55.
Eugenius III., Pope, warmly urges on the second crusade, i. 331.
His bull in its favour, iii. 370 (App.).
—— IV. receives the submission of the Greek Church, iii. 135.
Exhorts the Christian states to a fresh crusade, iii. 135, iii. 136.
Euphrosyne, wife of the Emperor Alexius, ii. 94.
Europe, aspect of, changed by advancing civilization, i. xxi.
Political and religious distractions of, ii. 195, ii. 196; iii. 131, iii. 217, iii. 220.
General state of, ii. 304, ii. 305.
Great preparations for undertaking a crusade against the Turks, iii. 206.
Curious historical documents respecting, iii. 207.
Divisions among the powers of, iii. 214.
Policy of the sovereigns of, iii. 219.
General emulation in, for the cultivation of the arts, iii. 229.
Eutychians, sect of the, i. 4.
Everard de Puysaie, bravery of, at Jerusalem, i. 224.
Evrard des Barres, grand master of the Templars, i. 356.
Ezeroum, kingdom of, i. 97.
Ezz-Eddin Aybek, surnamed Turcoman, made governor of Egypt under Chegger-Eddour, ii. 445.
Marries Chegger-Eddour, and becomes sultan, ii. 459.
Is assassinated by his wife, iii. 3.
F.
Fair held on Mount Calvary, i. 11.
Fakr-eddin, Imaum, anecdote of, iii. 426.
Fak-reddin, the leader of the Egyptian army, ii. 381.
Defeated by Louis IX., ii. 385.
Takes the command of Egypt, ii. 397.
His letter to the Mussulmans, ii. 398.
Is slain in battle, ii. 403.
Falcandus, the Sicilian historian, ii. 20 and n.
Famine in Europe, ii. 56 and n.
Its frightful effects, ii. 186, ii. 187.
Fanaticism, spirit of, weakened by civilization, i. xxi.
Fatimite caliphs recapture Jerusalem, i. 16.
Fatimites, dynasty of the, extinguished, i. 396.
Fayel, lady de, i. 503.
Fedaïs, a sect of assassins in Syria, iii. 421.
Curious anecdote of one, iii. 426.
Fergant, the Breton, i. 183.
Feristha, the historian, i. 31.
Feudalism established at Jerusalem, i. 271-273.
Its yoke first shaken off in Lombardy and Italy, iii. 284.
Evils of, iii. 275 et seq.
Flanders, nobility of, engage in the fifth crusade, ii. 47, ii. 83.
Bravery of the soldiers of, ii. 415.
——, count of, his speech to the Christian army at Jerusalem, i. 230.
Florence rejoices at the defeat of the French Crusaders, ii. 453.
Florine, daughter of Eude I., slain, i. 134 and n.
Foulke, a French knight, and his beautiful wife, fate of, i. 181.
——, count of Anjou, and son of Foulque le Rechin, engages in the holy wars, i. 310.
Marries the daughter of Baldwin du Bourg, ib.
Crowned king of Jerusalem, i. 311.
His death, i. 316.
Foulque-Nerra, count of Anjou, penitential pilgrimages of, i. 25, i. 26.
Death of, i. 26.
Miraculous incident relative to, iii. 355 (App.).
Foulkes, curé of Neuilly, preaches in favour of the fifth crusade, ii. 42-45.
Death of, ii. 57.
Tomb of, ib. n.
“Fountain of the Clerks,” London, iii. 384.
France, enthusiasm of, for the Christian crusades against the infidels of Palestine, i. 53, i. 79.
The Crusaders of, and their most distinguished leaders, i. 87, i. 88.
Louis IX. engages in the second crusade, i. 337 et seq.
Ruled by the minister Suger, i. 376.
Lamentations of, for the fate of the Crusaders, i. 376, i. 377.
——, placed under the papal interdict, ii. 42.
Political contentions in, ii. 195, ii. 208.
Engages in the sixth crusade, ii. 207.
Louis IX. and several distinguished personages engage in the seventh crusade, ii. 347, ii. 348.
The nobles of, form a league to resist the exactions of the pope, ii. 358.
Enthusiasm of, for the seventh crusade, ii. 362, ii. 363, ii. 365.
Improved state of society in, ii. 364.
Innocent IV. takes charge of the kingdom during the absence of Louis IX., ii. 368.
State of her navy, ii. 369.
Consternation of, on receiving the news of the defeat and capture of Louis IX. by the Egyptians, ii. 452.
France undertakes a second crusade under Louis IX., assisted by various powers, iii. 24 et seq.
Invades the coast of Barbary, where Louis dies, iii. 117.
Her troops take possession of Rome, iii. 194.
Political troubles of, iii. 112, iii. 113.
The Crusaders of, defeated and slaughtered by Bajazet, iii. 128.
Consternation of the French, ib.
Important changes in, during the age of the crusades, iii. 254 et seq.
Extension of liberty in, iii. 285, iii. 291, iii. 292.
Receipts of the troncs for the expenses of the crusades, iii. 473;
and their expenditure, iii. 474 (App.).
Her treaties with the Ottoman Port, iii. 488 (App.).
Francis I. of France, his letters respecting the crusade against the Turks, iii. 207.
His injunctions, iii. 209.
Made prisoner at the battle of Pavia, iii. 214.
Policy of, iii. 219.
Francis of Assise, or St. Francis, piety of, ii. 244.
His address to Melik-Kamel, ii. 245.
Founds the religious order of Cordeliers, ii. 246.
Franks, military valour of the, i. 37; ii. 87.
Carry on their hostilities against the infidels, i. 282 et seq.
Attack Constantinople, ii. 87.
Character of the, ii. 174.
See France.
Frederick II., emperor of Germany, enters into vows to fight against the infidels of Palestine, ii. 263.
His extensive preparations, ii. 265.
Sets sail, and returns to Otranto, ii. 270.
His marriage at Rome with the heiress of the king of Jerusalem, ii. 266.
Acknowledged to be the sovereign of the holy city, ii. 267.
His quarrel with the pope, ii. 270 et seq.
Opposed by the clergy, ii. 280.
Quits Palestine for Europe, ii. 281.
His victories in Lombardy, ii. 281.
Excommunicated by Gregory IX., ib.
Treaty with his holiness, ii. 282.
Renewed rupture with the pope, ii. 292.
Excommunicated, ii. 292, ii. 341.
His indignation, ii. 344.
Is deposed by the pope, ii. 353.
His protracted contests with, ii. 354 et seq.
Enters into negotiations with Melik-Kamel, ii. 273, ii. 276.
Arrives at Ptolemaïs, ii. 275.
Concludes a treaty, ii. 278.
Death of, ii. 461.
His character, ii. 490.
—— III. of Germany endeavours to stir up a crusade against the Turks, iii. 164.
——, duke of Swabia, joins the Crusaders, i. 468.
Death of, i. 470.
——, king of the Romans, ii. 209, ii. 217.
G.
Galata, fortress of, captured by the Latins, ii. 87.
Gargan, Mount, i. 21.
Garnier, count de Grai, i. 78.
Gaston de Béarn, i. 88, i. 212.
Dies in Spain, i. 247.
Ordinances of, i. 262 n.
Gaucher de Chatillon, his heroic death, ii. 427.
Gauthier de Brienne lays claim to the kingdom of Sicily, ii. 53, ii. 178.
Engages in the holy wars, ii. 78.
Captured and put to death by the Carismians, ii. 331, ii. 332.
Gaza, capture of, by Saladin, i. 426.
The Crusaders surprised and cut to pieces at, ii. 295.
Gecko, the serpent of Egypt, i. 199 n.
Gelaleddin, sultan of Carismia, death of, ii. 326.
Gemaleddin, the historian, i. 175 n.
Gengiskhan, the Tartar chief, historical notices and conquests of, ii. 317 et seq.
Death of, ii. 321.
Genoese, their fleets and victories, i. 40.
They relieve and assist the Crusaders at Antioch, i. 145;
at Jaffa, i. 211;
and at Arsur, i. 277.
Their contests with the Venetians, iii. 2.
They lose the colony of Caffa, iii. 184.
Geoffrey de la Tour, anecdote of, i. 180.
—— de Lusignan, i. 413.
Defeated and made prisoner by Saladin, i. 422.
—— de Rançon, i. 354.
Commits a fatal blunder, i. 355.
Geography, progress of, during the period of the crusades, iii. 333-335.
Georgians, a warlike people, ii. 265.
Gerard of Avesnes, heroic death of, i. 268.
Géraud, St., Baron d’Aurillac, i. 19 n.
Gerbert, Archbishop, excites resistance to the Saracens, i. 17.
Germany, state of, at the time of the second crusade, i. 337.
Enthusiasm of, in its favour, i. 339.
The Crusaders of, defeated by the Turks, i. 353.
The fourth crusade preached and undertaken by, ii. 14-16.
The Crusaders return from Palestine, ii. 31.
Political and religious contentions in, ii. 209, ii. 353.
Changes in, during the age of the crusades, iii. 258-260.
Extension of liberty in, iii. 284.
Gertrude, wife of Andrew II. of Hungary, ii. 217.
Gervais, count of Tiberias, taken prisoner and put to death, i. 290.
Ghibellines, faction of the, ii. 269.
Gibel, besieged by the Crusaders, i. 189 and n.
Gilbert, a leader of the crusades, i. 356.
Giraffe, its first introduction into Europe, iii. 330.
Giselbert, prophetic vision of, i. 234.
Gisors, assembly convoked at, by the kings of France and England, i. 436.
Glaber the monk, chronicle of, i. 19, i. 20, i. 23.
Glass, manufacture of, during the middle ages, iii. 329.
Gnostics, sect of the, iii. 495 et seq.
Godfrey de Bouillon, duke of Lorraine, the distinguished leader of the first crusade, i. xx., xxi., i. 76 and n., i. 77-79.
Wages war against the Greeks, i. 90.
His alliance with Alexis of Constantinople, i. 92.
Defeats the Turks in Phrygia, i. 110, i. 111.
Dangerously wounded by a bear, i. 115.
His quarrel with Bohemond, i. 146, i. 147.
His heroic bravery, i. 172.
Forms an alliance with the emir of Hezas, and defeats the sultan of Aleppo, i. 182.
Takes Jerusalem by storm, i. 221.
Elected king, i. 234.
Defeats the Egyptian forces on the plain of Ascalon, i. 240-242.
His quarrel with Raymond, i. 244.
Political measures and conquests of, i. 267.
Besieges Arsur, i. 268.
Extraordinary prowess of, i. 269.
He concedes political power to the patriarch of Jerusalem, ib.
Divides the conquered lands among the companions of his victories, i. 270.
His legislative code, i. 271-273.
His death and character, i. 274.
—— abbot of Clairvaux, i. 329 n.
Godfrey, bishop of Langres, i. 331.
Gorgoni, valley of, in Phrygia, i. 106 and n.
Battle of, i. 107-111.
Goths, monarchy of the, overturned, i. 5.
Gotschalk, a priest, elected general of the Crusaders, i. 68.
His progress, i. 69 et seq.
Greece, invaded by Boniface, king of Thessalonica, ii. 162, ii. 163.
By the Turks, iii. 122.
Humiliated condition of, iii. 134.
Conquered by Mahomet II., iii. 171.
Her want of energy to resist the Turkish domination, iii. 243.
Her probable emancipation, iii. 245.
Greek, knowledge of, diffused and cultivated in the West, ii. 181 and n., iii. 204.
Brought from Constantinople, iii. 338.
Greek Church submits to papal authority, iii. 135.
Greek empire, its weakened condition, i. 4, i. 5.
The conquered lands of, distributed among the Crusaders, ii. 149, ii. 150.
Its approaching fall, iii. 144.
Capture of its capital by Mahomet II., iii. 156.
Destruction of the, iii. 156-158.
Greek fire, i. 5.
Destructive properties and terrific appearance of, ii. 14, ii. 401.
Use of, iii. 29.
Note upon, by Renaudot, iii. 387 (App.).
Greeks, on the rising energies of the, i. 13.
The cool indifference of their prelates, ib.
They are defeated by the Saracens, i. 14.
Zimisces, their emperor, gains a signal victory, i. 15.
Opposed to the formidable tyranny of the Turks, i. 34, i. 35.
Their moral condition and character, i. 35-37; ii. 100 et seq., ii. 174.
Their contests with the Crusaders, and hostility to the Latins, i. 90, i. 91, i. 93, i. 446, i. 447.
Their perfidious policy to the Crusaders, i. 348 et seq., i. 356.
Are defeated by Barbarossa, i. 448.
Their contentions with the Latins, ii. 103, ii. 113-115.
Their reverence for relics and images, ii. 141.
Rebel against the Latins, ii. 165.
Defeat and massacre them, ii. 168, ii. 169.
Their different historians, ii. 175.
Dispossess the Latins of Constantinople, iii. 10.
See Constantinople.
“Green Knight,” distinguished bravery of the, i. 452.
Gregory VII., Pope, his character, i. 39.
—— VIII., bull of, in favour of a crusade against Saladin, iii. 380 (App.).
—— IX., Pope, character of, ii. 269.
His rage against Frederick II. of Germany, ii. 270, ii. 271.
Hostilities with, ii. 272, ii. 281.
Treaty with, ii. 282.
Determines to renew the holy war, ii. 283.
Quarrels with and excommunicates Frederick, ii. 292.
His death, ii. 296.
—— X. convokes a council at Lyons for reviving a new crusade, iii. 59.
His death, iii. 66.
——, Cardinal, iii. 52.
—— St., of Nyssen, i. 2.
Grenier, Eustache, regent of Jerusalem, i. 297.
Guelphs, faction of the, ii. 269.
Guibert, Abbé, i. 56 n.
Guichenon, the historian of the house of Savoy, i. 250 n.
Guicher, a French knight, i. 180.
Guienne. See Eleanor of.
Guillebard, St., pilgrimage of, i. 24 n.
Guis de Trusselle, i. 83.
Guiscard, Robert, the Norman, i. 84.
Gundechilde, wife of Pancratius, i. 120.
Gunther, the monk, his history of the Greeks, ii. 175, 176.
Guy, abbot of Vaux de Cernay, ii. 64.
——de Lusignan, i. 403.
His rebellion against Baldwin IV., i. 407.
Selected by Sibylla, his wife, as the sovereign of Jerusalem, i. 413.
His contentions with Saladin, i. 417 et seq.
Defeated and made prisoner, i. 422.
Released from captivity, i. 453.
Besieges Ptolemaïs, i. 454.
His conflicts with Saladin, i. 458.
Obtains the sovereignty of Cyprus, i. 501.
—— de Malvoisin, bravery of, ii. 408, ii. 415.
—— du Châtel, slain, ii. 426.
—— de Chatillon, slain, ii. 481.
—— of Tremouille, death of, iii. 129.
Guymer, the corsair chief, i. 118.
H.
Haco, king of Norway, engages in the seventh crusade, ii. 361.
His political motives, ib.
Hafiz, the Persian poet, his description of Jerusalem, i. 202.
Hakim, Caliph, fanatical excesses of, i. 16, i. 17.
Inconstancy of, i. 20.
Halys, defeat of the Crusaders on the banks of the, i. 252.
Haman Eddin, secretary of Saladin, i. 397.
Hammer, M. Raynouard’s notes on his “Mysterium Baphometi Revelatum”, iii. 494-500.
Hapsburg, family of, their origin, iii. 260.
Harem, city of, taken by the Crusaders, i. 140.
Haroun al Raschid, glorious reign of, i. 8.
His amicable relations with Charlemagne, i. 9.
Hassan, founder of the Ismaëlians, his origin and history, iii. 415 et seq. (App.).
Hegira, first age of the, i. 5.