35266. After certain words which are followed by a complement construction, as described in § 151 ff., the conjunctive particle is often omitted, especially where the form na is required; where ŋ is possible its use is preferred. They are:

267. íbig desired, synonymous with gustò (of whose regular 40construction examples have been given in §§ 152. 158), and áyaw the negative of íbig. These are usually accompanied by a disjunctive agent: Anò aŋ íbig nya ŋ sabíhin? What is that desired by-him that (sc. by-him it, both anaphoric) be said? or: What is the desired by-him thing-to-be-said? i. e. What does he want to say? Anò aŋ íbig mo ŋ gawìn nya? What do you want 5him to do? Hindí na sya íbig labanàn. He was no longer sought as an opponent. Itò y íbig na gawì ŋ úna. This is desired to be done first, i. e. One wants to do this first. Aŋ áyaw ko ŋ màkíta ay isa ŋ núnoʾ. What I don’t want to see is a ghost. Itò y áyaw nya ŋ gawìn. He does not want to do this.

10Very frequently the construction is impersonal, in which case the complement (and quasi-subject, § 158) may consist of an entire predication: Íbig nya ŋ kumáin naŋ súhaʾ. It-is-desired by-him that (he) eat some grape-fruit, i. e. He wants to eat some grape-fruit. Íbig nya ŋ kánin aŋ súhaʾ. It-is-desired by-him that 15be-eaten (by-him) the grape-fruit, i. e. He wants to eat the grape-fruit. Áyaw ipamána naŋ maŋkukúlam aŋ kanya ŋ kúlam. The sorcerer does not want to bequeath his magic power.

When the person desiring is at the same time the agent of the complement, the whole expression may serve as predicate or 20attribute of the person desiring; this construction is rarely used with other than active complements: Sya y íbig kumáin naŋ súhaʾ. He is desired (by-him) that (he) eat some grape-fruit, i. e. He wants to eat some grape-fruit, equivalent to Íbig nya ŋ kumáin naŋ súhaʾ. Aŋ kúbaʾ ay hindi rìn íbig umakyàt. The 25hunchback too did not want to climb. isa ŋ Kastílaʾ na íbig malígoʾ a Spaniard who wanted to bathe. Aŋ sundálo ay áyaw pumáyag. The soldier did not want to consent.

Without complement (or with anaphorically omitted complement): Anò aŋ íbig mo? What is it you want? Íbig ko pà 30naŋ kánin. There-is-desire by-me still of boiled rice, i. e. I want some more boiled rice. Aŋ larò ŋ taguàn ay íbig naŋ maŋa bátaʾ. Children like the game of hide-and-seek. Áyaw ko. I don’t want to; less commonly: Áyaw akò.

268. dápat proper, necessary and súkat fitting, right: Itò 35y dápat gawìn. This ought to be done. Sya y dápat palúin. He ought to be thrashed. Anò aŋ dápat nya ŋ gawìn? What ought to be done by him? i. e. What ought he do? Aŋ isà y dápat múna ŋ magsilbè sa dimóniyo. One must first serve the demon. Hindí mo súkat ikagálit aŋ maŋa tuksò. It is not right for you 40to get angry at jokes, literally: Jokes are not by-you a fitting cause of anger.

Without complement: Itò y súkat nà. This is right, sufficient.

269. Words with prefix ma-, expressing the possessor of a quality, and their derivatives (see Morphology), have occasionally 5an absolute instead of a conjunctive complement. Those so used are:

(1) madalàs often, frequent, regular: Akò y madalàs magkumpisàl. I was regular at going to confession, or: a regular confessor. But: Madalàs nila ŋ sinalakáyan aŋ báyan. They frequently 10attacked the town.

(2) magalìŋ skilful, clever, polite: Si Hwàn ay magalìŋ gumámit naŋ daràs. Juan was clever at using the adze, or: a clever user of the adze, or: cleverly used the adze. But: Magalìŋ sya ŋ tumugtòg naŋ piyáno. She plays the piano well.

15(3) mahírap suffering, destitute, difficult (i. e. having hardship, actively or passively): Aŋ aswàŋ ay mahírap mápatay. A vampire is hard to-be-killed, i. e. hard to kill. Regular constructions: Aŋ pagabùt naŋ búŋa ŋ itò ay mahírap. The reaching this fruit is hard, i. e. The fruit is hard to reach. aŋ mahírap 20na kasamà the poor laborer.

(4) mahúsay able, good (at doing something), in good shape: Aŋ maŋa táo sa báyan ay mahuhúsay sumunòd sa kautusàn. The people in the town are good law-abiders. But: aŋ pinakamahúsay na magsalitàʾ the best at speaking; Aŋ lípà naŋ lúpaʾ ay 25mahúsay. The smearing (with sticky mud) of the ground (in the threshing-room for rice) is well done.

(5) maínam pleasant, tasty, good: Aŋ manòk na kawalàʾ ay hindí maínam patayìn. Chickens that run free are not good for killing. Cf.: isa ŋ maínam na siŋsìŋ a pretty ring.

30(6) malakàs strong, powerful, loud: Sya y malakàs kumáin. He is great at eating, or: a great eater; also: malakàs na kumáin. Cf.: aŋ maŋa táo ŋ malalakàs strong men, Sya y tumáwa naŋ malakàs. He laughed aloud.

(7) maluwàt, malwàt long (in time), slow: Aŋ pagpútol 35naŋ buhòk ay maluwàt màtutúhan. Hair-cutting takes long to learn. Cf.: Syà y nagkalatimbà ŋ maluwàt. He squatted on heels (as exercise or punishment) many times. Natùtúlog akò naŋ maluwàt. I sleep late.

(8) marúnoŋ wise, knowing how: Sya y marúnuŋ gumupìt 40naŋ buhòk. He knew how to cut hair. But: Marúnoŋ sya ŋ sumakày sa kabáyo. He knows how to ride horseback. aŋ marúnoŋ na pagòŋ the clever turtle; Isa ŋ sundálo ŋ marúnuŋ naŋ Latìn. A soldier who knew Latin.