- pentadactyle limb, i, 79
- Pentapus, ii, 341
- Peprilus, ii, 285
- figure of, i, 18; ii, 284
- Perca, 391; ii, 307, 315, 367
- brain of, i, 111
- figure of, ii, 308
- Percalates, ii, 320
- Percarina, ii, 310
- Percesoces, ii, 157, 208, 228, 290, 360, 370, 521, 522
- perches, i, 21, 209, 290, 304; ii, 168, 258, 304, 307, 310
- brain of, figured, i, 111
- European, ii, 307
- everglade pigmy, figured, ii, 295
- white, ii, 304
- yellow, ii, 307, 308
- Percichthys, ii, 320
- Percidæ, i, 209, 248, 290, 406; ii, 171, 258, 294, 304, 309, 320
- Percilia, ii, 320
- Percina, ii, 306, 310
- Percis, ii, 453
- Percoidea, ii, 293-315
- Percoidei, ii, 398
- percoid fishes, ii, 293-315
- Percomorphi, ii, 258-271, 365, 397, 398, 426
- Percophidæ, ii, 502
- Percopsidæ, i, 290; ii, 241
- Percopsis, i, 316; ii, 296
- periblast, i, 136
- Periophthalmus, i, 117; ii, 465, 510
- figure of, i, 118; ii, 466
- Peristediidæ, i, 208; ii, 457
- Peristedion, i, 219
- figure of, i, 299; ii, 457
- peritoneum, i, 32
- Permian, ii, 14, 23
- Perugia, i, 412
- pescado azul, ii, 382
- pescadillo del red, ii, 354
- pescado blanco, i, 328; ii, 216
- pescado del rey, ii, 216
- pesce rey, ii, 216
- Petalodontidæ, i, 531
- family of, i, 554
- teeth of, figured, i, 555
- Petalodus, i, 554
- Petalopteryx, ii, 26, 458
- Peters, i, 411
- peto, ii, 266
- Petromyzon, i, 132, 142, 357, 372, 391, 490, 618
- figure of, i, 491
- mouth figured, i, 492
- head of, figured, i, 111
- Petromyzonidæ, i, 290, 373, 490
- Petroscirtes, ii, 509
- pez ciego, ii, 524
- pez del rey,
- pez de pluma, ii, 344
- pez puerco, ii, 413
- Phæbodus, i, 522
- Phanerodon, ii, 375
- Phaneropleuron, i, 612
- Phanerosteon, i, 580
- Phareodus, ii, 56, 57
- figures of, ii, 57-59
- fossils of, ii, 58, 59
- pharyngeals, i, 5, 48
- figure of, i, 47
- of Italian parrot-fish, ii, 391
- of parrot-fish, figured, ii, 391
- use in voice, i, 121
- pharyngeal teeth,
- Pharyngognathi, i, 405; ii, 259, 380, 396
- Philippi, i, 415
- Philypnus, ii, 459
- Pholidophoridæ, ii, 26, 29, 36, 41
- Pholidophorus, ii, 28
- Pholidurus, ii, 22
- Pholis, i, 209; ii, 512
- phosphorescent groups, i, 187
- phosphorescent organs,
- artificial stimulation of, i, 191
- chemical action in, i, 196
- cross-section of, i, 193
- Greene on, i, 194, 196, 197
- Lendenfeld on, i, 194, 195
- of Porichthys, i, 194
- photophores, i, 187, 189
- Phoxinus, ii, 167
- Phractolamidæ, ii, 48
- Phrynorhombus, ii, 488
- Phtheirichthys, ii, 469
- Phthinobranchii, i, 227-240
- Phyllodus, ii, 396
- Phyllolepidæ, i, 584
- phylogeny, i, 63, 79
- Phylopteryx, ii, 238
- Phylyctænaspis, i, 586
- Physoclysti, i, 405; ii, 39, 209
- physostome, ii, 10
- Physostomi, i, 405; ii, 39, 40
- picarel, ii, 347
- pickerel, i, 4; ii, 147
- pigfish, ii, 342
- pigmentation, i, 226
- effect of spirits on, i, 235
- pigmy sunfishes, ii, 296
- pike, i, 209, 239, 250, 290, 304, 328, 440; ii, 190
- figure of, i, 203, 328; ii, 191
- skeleton of, i, 203
- pike-perch, ii, 309
- pilchard, ii, 50
- pilot-fish, i, 63; ii, 272
- Pimelodus, ii, 183, 186
- Pimelometopon, ii, 388, 389
- pineal organ, i, 111
- Dean on, i, 112
- figure of, i, 111
- pine-cone-fish,
- figure of, i, 16; ii, 257
- pinfish, ii, 344
- ping, ii, 91
- Pinguipedidæ, ii, 363, 499
- pink, ii, 72
- pintado, ii, 266
- pipefish, i, 64, 128, 440
- pirate-perch, i, 290; ii, 294
- Pisces, i, 393, 588
- characteristics of, i, 506
- Piso, i, 389
- placoderm, i, 462, 584, 590, 591, 593
- Placodermi, i, 568, 622, 623
- placoid scales, i, 21
- Placopharynx, ii, 174
- lower pharyngeal figured, ii, 171
- Plagioscion, ii, 354
- Plagiostomi, i, 507
- Plagiuri, i, 392
- Plagyodontidæ, ii, 134, 136
- Plagyodus, ii, 136
- plaice, ii, 487, 493
- plaice tribe, ii, 492
- pla-kat, ii, 370
- Platacidæ, ii, 398, 400, 401
- Platax, i, 240, 268; ii, 243, 245, 398, 401
- Platophrys,
- figure of, i, 174, 175
- larval form, i, 174
- Platichthys, ii, 482, 493
- Platophrys, ii, 481, 482, 488
- larval stages of, figured, ii, 484
- Platycephalidæ, i, 267
- Platycephalus, ii, 441
- Platycormus, ii, 283, 284, 485
- Platyglossus, ii, 390
- Platyptera, ii, 506
- Platysomidæ, ii, 4, 14, 15
- Platysomus, ii, 15
- Platystacus, i, 128; ii, 184
- Platyurus, i, 364
- Playfair, i, 416
- Plecoglossus, i, 260; ii, 62, 115, 117
- figure of, i, 321; ii, 116
- plectognath fishes, i, 206
- Plectognathi, ii, 9, 40
- Plectognaths, ii, 291, 411
- Plectorhynchus, ii, 341
- Plectospondyli, ii, 40, 161, 162
- plectospondylous, i, 48
- Plectromus, ii, 253
- Plectropoma, ii, 323
- Plesiops, ii, 330, 359
- Plethodus, ii, 44
- Pleuracanthus, i, 65, 66, 204, 437, 510, 511, 513
- diphycercal tail of, i, 80
- figures of, i, 74, 519, 520
- headbones and teeth of, figured, i, 520
- Pleurocanthidæ, i, 519, 520, 522, 566
- Pleurogrammus, i, 209
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 439
- Pleuronectidæ, i, 290
- Pleuronectinæ, ii, 492
- Pleuronectes, i, 391; ii, 493
- Pleuronichthys, i, 206, 257; ii, 493
- Pleuropholis, ii, 29
- Pleuropterygii, i, 513, 514, 518
- Plioplarchus, ii, 304
- Plotosidæ, ii, 184
- Plotosus, ii, 184
- Plumier, i, 389
- Pneumatosteus, ii, 32
- Podopteryx, ii, 457
- Podothecus, ii, 453
- pond-skipper,
- figure of, i, 118; ii, 466
- Pœcilia, ii, 199
- Pœciliidæ, 22, 125; ii, 194, 198, 199, 201, 213
- Pœcilodus, i, 531
- Poey, i, 376, 415
- Pogonias, i, 595; ii, 354, 357
- Pogonichthys, ii, 169
- poison fishes, i, 180-185, 236
- figure of, i, 229; ii, 436
- poison glands, ii, 177, 527
- poisonous fishes, ii, 325, 335
- diseases arising from, i, 183
- varieties of, i, 180, 182, 183
- Polistotrema,
- Pollachius, i, 209; ii, 537
- pollack,
- Pollard, i, 595, 600
- Polycentridæ, ii, 358
- Polyclinidæ, i, 477
- Polydactylus,
- figure of, ii, 225
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 89; ii, 225
- Polygnathus,
- Polymixia, i, 122; ii, 257
- Polymixiidæ,
- Polynemidæ, i, 122; 11, 215, 224
- Polynemus, i, 393
- Polyodon, i, 199, 253, 302, 452, 534, 566, 622, 623; ii, 22
- Polyodontidæ, i, 290; ii, 20, 21, 22
- Polyospondyli, i, 509, 530, 561
- Polypteridæ, i, 602, 605
- Polypterus, i, 76, 79, 88, 89, 204, 450, 600, 601, 603, 606, 616; ii, 2
- figure of, i, 79, 602, 607
- shoulder-girdle of, figured, i, 600
- Polyrhizodus, i, 555
- Polystylidæ, i, 476
- Pomacanthus, ii, 403, 405
- Pomacentridæ, i, 206, 209; ii, 380, 381, 382
- organs of smell in, i, 115
- Pomacentrus, i, 235; ii, 383
- figure of, ii, 382
- species of, ii, 383
- Pomadasis, ii, 341, 342
- Pomatomidæ, ii, 278
- Pomatomus, ii, 278
- pomfret, ii, 286
- Pomolobus, i, 300; ii, 49, 53
- figure of, i, 455; ii, 50
- Pomotis, i, 302; ii, 379
- Pomoxis, i, 302; ii, 297
- pompon, ii, 341
- pond-skipper,
- pond-smelt, ii, 124
- poolfishes, i, 159
- pope, ii, 309
- poppy-fish, ii, 283
- Popular Science Monthly,
- porbeagle, i, 537
- porc des rivières, ii, 369
- porcupine-fish, i, 19, 197; ii, 422, 423
- figure of, i, 17; ii, 422
- porgy, i, 239; ii, 342
- Porichthys, i, 121, 190, 191, 192; ii, 526
- figure of, i, 23; ii, 526
- Greene on, i, 190; ii, 526
- luminous organs of, i, 172
- phosphorescent organs of, i, 191
- porkfish, ii, 341
- portal vein, i, 108
- Portheus, ii, 48
- Port Jackson shark,
- eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
- portugais, ii, 405
- Portuguese man-of-war,
- Porcus, ii, 183
- postembryonic development of fishes, i, 132
- posterior limbs, i, 53
- postero-temporal, i, 90
- post-temporal, i, 88, 90
- Potamorrhaphis, ii, 211
- Powrie, i, 424
- predatory fishes, i, 116; ii, 164
- premaxillary,
- preopercle, i, 45
- preservation of fishes,
- Günther on, i, 431
- methods of, i, 431, 432
- Priacanthidæ, ii, 333
- Priacanthus, ii, 333
- Pribilof sculpin,
- Priem, i, 427
- priestfish,
- Prime,
- on crab-eater as game fish, ii, 282
- primitive fishes,
- brain of, i, 112
- skeleton of, i, 54
- primitive herring-like fishes, i, 454
- primitive sharks, i, 511
- Prionace, i, 542
- Prionodus, i, 488
- Prionodes, ii, 329
- Prionotus, i, 246; ii, 283
- Prionurus, ii, 409
- Priscacara, ii, 381
- Pristipoma, i, 375
- Pristididæ, i, 549
- Pristodontidæ, i, 555
- Pristiophoridæ,
- Pristiophorus, i, 199
- Pristis, i, 199, 548
- Pristiurus, i, 70
- proach, ii, 445
- Proantigonia, ii, 400
- Proballostomus, ii, 201
- problem of highest fishes,
- problem of Oatka Creek, i, 282
- process of natural selection, i, 297, 302
- Prochanos, ii, 45
- Prognathodes, ii, 404
- Progymnodon, ii, 423
- Prolebias, ii, 201
- Promethichthys, ii, 267
- Promicrops, ii, 323
- pronephros, i, 619; ii, 5, 8
- Pronotocanthus, ii, 157
- Propristis, i, 550
- propterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523
- Prosarthri, i, 509, 526
- proscapula, i, 89
- prosencephalon, i, 109
- Protamia, ii, 36
- Protaulopsis, ii, 233
- protection,
- through poisonous flesh, i, 182
- of young, i, 128
- protective,
- coloration, i, 226
- markings, i, 228
- Proteus, i, 600
- Protocatostomus, ii, 56
- protocercal tail, i, 81, 598
- Protochordata, i, 460-466
- Protonotacanthidæ, ii, 157
- Protopterus, i, 82, 85, 100, 204, 450, 613, 616, 617
- Protoselachii, i, 523
- Protosphyræna, ii, 34
- Protosphyrænidæ, ii, 34
- Prostospondyli, ii, 23, 34
- Protosyngnathus, ii, 233
- Prototroctes, i, 252; ii, 128
- protozoan parasites, i, 342
- Provençal i, 95
- Psammobatis, i, 553
- Psammodus, i, 558, 559
- Psammosteidæ, i, 574
- Psenes, ii, 285
- Psenopsis, ii, 284
- Psephodus, i, 531
- Psephurus, i, 199, 253, 452, 622, 623
- Psettidæ, ii, 291
- Psettus, ii, 398, 400
- Pseudecheneis, ii, 184
- Pseudeleginus, ii, 502
- Pseudobagrus, ii, 183
- Pseudoberyx, ii, 52
- Pseudoblennius, i, 260; ii, 448
- pseudobranch, ii, 7
- pseudobranchiæ, i, 92
- Pseudocheilinus, ii, 390
- Pseudochromipidæ, ii, 359
- Pseudogaleus, i, 533
- Pseudojulis, ii, 389
- Pseudolabrus, ii, 390
- Pseudomonacanthus, ii, 415
- Pseudopleuronectes, i, 174; ii, 493
- larval figures of, i, 176; ii, 483
- Pseudopriacanthus, ii, 332, 333
- Pseudorhombus, ii, 492
- Pseudoscaphirhynchus, ii, 18, 20
- Pseudoscarus, i, 329; ii, 394, 396
- Pseudosciæna, i, 169; ii, 355, 356
- Pseudotriakidæ,
- Pseudotriakis, i, 536
- Pseudovomer, ii, 278, 286
- Pseudogobio, i, 416
- Pseudupeneus, ii, 352
- figure of, i, 122, 329; ii, 351
- Psychrolutes, i, 219; ii, 441, 447, 449
- figure of, i, 221; ii, 451
- Psychromaster, ii, 315
- Pteraclidæ, ii, 286, 291
- Pteraclis, ii, 286
- Pteraspidæ, i, 570
- Pteraspis, i, 569, 571, 591, 622
- Pterichthyodes, i, 444, 622
- Pterichthys, i, 581
- Pterogobius,
- Pterois, i, 180, 202; ii, 434
- Pterophryne, ii, 550
- figure of, ii, 549
- species of, ii, 550
- Pteroplatea, i, 556
- Pteropsaridæ, ii, 502
- Pteropsaron,
- Pterothrissidæ, ii, 46
- Pterothrissus, ii, 46
- Pterophryne,
- pterygials, ii, 1
- Pterygocephalus, ii, 513
- pterygoid, i, 606
- Ptilichthyidæ, ii, 513
- Ptilichthys,
- Ptychochelius, i, 164, 304; ii, 169
- Ptychoderidæ, i, 465
- Ptychodus, i, 557
- Ptycholepis, ii, 26
- ptychopterygium, i, 510, 512
- Ptychodus, i, 566
- pudding-wife, ii, 388
- pudiano, ii, 388
- puffer, inflated,
- puffers, i, 206, 236;
- pugnacity of fishes, i, 162
- pug-nosed eel, ii, 148
- Putnam, i, 405; ii, 522
- Pycnodonti, ii, 13
- Pycnodontidæ, ii, 22
- Pycnodus, ii, 22
- Pygæidæ, ii, 405
- Pygæus, ii, 405, 410
- Pygidiidæ, ii, 185, 186
- Pygopterus, ii, 14
- Pygosteus, ii, 231
- pyloric cæca, i, 26, 32
- Pyrosoma, i, 477
- Pyrosomidæ, i, 477
- quadrate, i, 606
- Quassilabia, ii, 174
- Quensel, i, 396
- Querimana, ii, 222
- questions,
- by Agassiz, i, 284
- by Cope, i, 288
- quiescent fishes, i, 158
- quillfish,
- the, ii, 513
- figure of, ii, 514
- quinnat salmon, i, 150, 301; ii, 68, 73-76
- figure of, i, 354; ii, 69, 79
- young male figured, i, 355
- rabbit-fishes,
- Rabirubia, ii, 337
- Rachycentridæ,
- Rachycentron, ii, 470, 468
- Rafinesque, i, 395; ii, 315
- on imaginary garpike, i, 364, 366
- ragfishes, the, ii, 285
- rainbow darter, ii, 315
- rainbow trout, ii, 96-98, 100
- figure of, i, 326; ii, 98, 99
- Raja, i, 72, 129, 391, 549
- Rajidæ, i, 551, 553
- Ranicipitidæ, ii, 539
- Rangeley trout, ii, 109
- Raniceps, ii, 539
- Ranzania, i, 84, 412
- Rapp, i, 411
- Rascasio, ii, 433
- ratfish, i, 564
- Rathke, i, 428; ii, 144
- rat-tail, i, 209; ii, 441, 540
- Ray, i, 390
- ray, i, 9, 24, 35, 117, 508, 509, 549
- electric organs of, i, 186
- razor-back sucker, ii, 174
- razor-fish,
- recognition marks, i, 7, 231, 232
- records of fishes, i, 433
- red charr, ii, 108
- red drum,
- redeye, ii, 168
- Redfield, i, 423
- redfin, ii, 166
- Redfieldius, ii, 16
- redfish, ii, 68, 324, 355, 388
- red goatfish, ii, 35
- red grouper, ii, 324
- red hind, ii, 324
- red-mouth grunt, ii, 340
- red mullet, ii, 352
- red mumea, ii, 335
- red parrot-fish,
- red porgy, ii, 343
- red rockfish, ii, 429
- red rock-trout, ii, 440
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
- red salmon, ii, 69, 71, 82
- red snapper, ii, 330, 335
- red tai, ii, 349
- red-throated trout, ii, 102
- red voraz, ii, 338
- red wrasse, ii, 387
- Reed, ii, 112, 113
- on trout-fishing, ii, 112
- Regalecidæ,
- Regalecus, i, 361; ii, 425, 472, 473, 479
- Regan, ii, 291
- on Teleostomi, i, 622, 623
- Règnè Animal, i, 400
- Reighard, i, 428
- Reinhardt, i, 410; ii, 127
- Reinhardtius, ii, 491
- Reis, i, 427, 428, 571
- relations of fish faunas,
- Japan and Mediterranean, i, 270
- relationships,
- of Chimæras, i, 563
- of Palæspondylus, i, 593, 595
- relation of vertebræ to temperature, i, 202
- Remora, i, 197; ii, 468, 469
- Remorina, ii, 469
- Remoropsis, ii, 469
- Remsberg,
- Renard, i, 396
- reproduction of lost parts, i, 150
- Requins, i, 540
- resemblances of fish faunas, i, 259, 260
- respiration, i, 91-108
- Retropinna, i, 252; ii, 123
- Retzius, i, 428
- Rhabdofario, ii, 62, 118
- Rhacochilus, ii, 375
- Rhacolepis, ii, 44
- Rhadinichthys, ii, 14
- Rhamphognathus, ii, 218
- Rhamphocottidæ, ii, 449
- Rhamphocottus, ii, 449
- Rhamphosidæ, ii, 234
- Rhamphosus, ii, 234
- Rhegnopteri,
- Rheopresbe, i, 256; ii, 445
- Rhina, i, 551
- Rhinæ,
- Rhineastes, ii, 186
- Rhinellidæ, ii, 134
- Rhinellus, ii, 134
- Rhineodon, i, 540
- Rhineodontidæ, i, 540
- Rhinesomus, i, 377
- Rhinichthys, i, 283, 307
- figure of, i, 342; ii, 164
- Rhinidæ, i, 551
- Rhinobatidæ, i, 551
- Rhinobatis, i, 553
- Rhinochimæra, i, 199, 566
- Rhinochimæridæ, i, 565
- Rhinoptera, i, 557
- Rhinotriacis, i, 541
- Rhipidistia, i, 602
- Rhizodontidæ, i, 603
- Rhizodopsis, i, 603
- Rhodeus, i, 129; ii, 164
- Rhombochirus,
- Rhomboganoidea, ii, 24
- Rhomboplites, ii, 337
- Rhombus, ii, 486
- Rhyacichthyidæ, ii, 504
- Rhyacichthys, ii, 504
- Rhynchias, ii, 522
- Rhynchobdella, ii, 532
- Rhynchodus, i, 566
- Rhynchorhinus, ii, 150
- ribbon-fish, ii, 471, 475, 485
- rice-field eels, ii, 141
- Richardson, i, 408, 418; ii, 64
- Richardson's sculpin,
- Rio Grande trout,
- Risso, i, 395
- Rissola,
- Ritter,
- on ascidians, i, 474
- on Enteropneusta, i, 464
- river-bullhead,
- river-drum, ii, 354, 355
- river-fishes,
- dispersion of, i, 297-319
- river-ruff, ii, 309
- river-sculpin, ii, 445
- river-sheepshead, ii, 354
- river-trout, ii, 94
- river-wolf, ii, 190
- Rivulus, i, 314
- roach, ii, 163, 168
- robalito, ii, 320
- robalo, the, i, 320, 355
- Roccus, i, 291, 324; ii, 321, 330
- bones of, i, 35
- cranium of, i, 36-39
- figures of, i, 35-39, 46, 48
- Roche, i, 396
- rock-bass, i, 4; ii, 297
- figure of, ii, 299
- skull of, figured, ii, 296
- rock-beauty, ii, 404
- rock-cod, i, 203; ii, 429
- rock-cook, ii, 387
- rockfish, i, 94, 125, 159; ii, 321, 429, 431
- rock-hind, i, 19; ii, 324
- rocklings, i, 209; ii, 520, 539
- rock-pilots, the, ii, 381
- rock-pool fishes,
- rock-skipper, ii, 510
- Rocky Mountains,
- barriers to dispersion, i, 305
- Rohon, i, 427, 428
- romero, ii, 272
- roncador, ii, 353, 355, 356
- ronco amarilla, ii, 340
- ronco arará, ii, 340
- Rondelet, i, 361, 388
- Rondeletiidæ, ii, 132
- Ronquilus, ii, 502
- ronquils, ii, 502
- rosefishes, i, 125; ii, 428
- Rosenthal, i, 428
- rothfisch, ii, 106
- rough-headed sea-robin, ii, 457
- roundfish, ii, 63
- round-herring, ii, 52
- round-minnow,
- round-robin, ii, 274
- rousettes, i, 533
- Rudarius,
- rudder-fish, ii, 273, 285, 349, 350
- runners, ii, 272
- Rüppell, i, 411
- Rusconi,
- Russell, i, 396; ii, 473
- rusty-dab, ii, 493
- Rutilus, ii, 164, 168
- Rutter, i, 422; ii, 69, 84
- Ruvettus, ii, 267
- Ryder, i, 408, 428
- on embryos, i, 64
- on nest-building, ii, 229
- on paired limbs, i, 66
- on tail forms, i, 81, 84
- Rypticus,
- saboti, ii, 304
- Saccopharynx, ii, 136, 157
- Sacramento perch, i, 179
- Sagenodus, i, 613
- sailfish, ii, 268
- sailor-fish, i, 199
- St. Ambrose, ii, 120
- St. Hilaire, i, 396, 428
- St. John, i, 426
- Salangidæ, ii, 127
- Salanx, i, 146; ii, 123, 127, 128
- figure of, i, 147; ii, 128
- sälbling, ii, 108
- Salar, ii, 90, 93
- Salarias, i, 208, 271; ii, 510, 511
- salema, ii, 346
- Salmo, i, 291, 304, 305, 316-318, 332, 345, 346, 378, 391; ii, 62, 68, 89, 94-96, 98
- figure of, i, 326; ii, 98, 99, 101, 104-106
- general description, ii, 89
- tail of, figured, ii, 486
- salmon, i, 21, 25, 28, 39, 53, 146, 204, 209, 249, 256, 290, 440; ii, 67-69, 94, 107, 128, 159
- artificial propagation of, ii, 88
- ascent of cascades, ii, 76
- Callbreath on, ii, 89
- colors of, ii, 78
- family of, i, 61-119
- habits in ocean, ii, 73
- method of descent of stream, ii, 78
- mutilation of, ii, 75, 76
- nest of, ii, 78
- packing of, ii, 87
- scales of, i, 21
- sexual distortion in, i, 129
- spawning changes in, ii, 89
- spawning of, ii, 78-80
- spring running, ii, 73
- white-meated, ii, 78
- of Yukon, i, 73
- salmonete, i, 329
- salmon fishery,
- of Japan, ii, 81
- output of, ii, 87
- salmon fry,
- liberation of, ii, 84
- marking of, ii, 84
- Salmonidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, 61-119, 127, 130, 161, 190
- Salmonoidea, ii, 41, 61
- salmonoids, ii, 94, 107
- salmon pack,
- salmon roe, ii, 76
- salmon shark, i, 447, 537
- salmon trout, ii, 94, 105, 114
- Salmopercæ, ii, 241-249
- Salpa, i, 477; ii, 348
- Salpidæ, i, 477
- Salvelini, ii, 95, 106
- Salvelinus, i, 282, 306, 307, 311; ii, 62, 95, 99, 107, 108-110, 112-114
- description of, ii, 107
- figure of, i, 326; ii, 110, 111
- samarang, i, 408
- Samaris, ii, 489
- samlet,
- Sancassini, ii, 144
- Sandalodus, i, 531
- sand-dab, ii, 491
- sand-darter, ii, 313
- figure of, i, 158; ii, 313
- sandfishes, ii, 364
- sand-lance,
- sand-pike, ii, 308
- sand-roller,
- Sandroserrus, ii, 309
- Sandrus, ii, 309
- sandstone,
- sand-sucker, ii, 357
- sand-whiting, ii, 357
- San Pedro fish, ii, 244
- São Paulo, ii, 162
- Saprolegnia, i, 353; ii, 76
- sarcastic blenny,
- Sarda, i, 210; ii, 264
- Sardinella, i, 204, 327, 332; ii, 50
- sardines, i, 199, 268; ii, 50
- Sardinia, i, 204
- Sardiniodes, ii, 134
- Sardinius, ii, 44
- Sargassum fish,
- figure of, i, 52; ii, 549
- sargo, ii, 345
- Sars, ii, 535
- saucer-eye porgy,
- sauger,
- Sauripterus, i, 603
- Saurocephalus, ii, 48
- Saurodon, ii, 48
- Saurodontidæ, ii, 48
- Sauropsida, i, 601
- Sauropsis, ii, 34
- Saurorhynchidæ, ii, 17
- Saurorhynchus, ii, 17
- saury,
- sausolele,
- Sauvage, i, 412, 427
- savalo, ii, 43
- sawfish, i, 199, 548
- saw-shark, i, 549
- scabbard-fishes, ii, 267
- Scænidæ, i, 206
- scales of fish,
- classification of, i, 20
- figure of, i, 21, 22
- scamp, ii, 327
- Scapanorhinus,
- Scaphirhynchus, i, 253, 452; ii, 18, 20
- Scardinius, ii, 168
- Scaridæ, ii, 390, 393, 396
- Scaridea, ii, 391
- Scartichthys,
- figure of, i, 294; ii, 510
- Scarus, ii, 352, 391, 393, 396
- figure of, ii, 394
- jaws of, figured, ii, 393
- pharyngeals of, i, 47, 48; ii, 393
- Scatophagus, ii, 400
- Scaumenacia, i, 612
- Schedophilus, ii, 285
- Schilbiosus,
- Schilbeodes, i, 180, 202; ii, 177, 182
- figure of, ii, 182
- structure of, ii, 177
- Schizocardium, i, 465
- Schlegel, i, 414
- Schmidt, i, 411
- Schnäbel, ii, 63
- Schnapper, ii, 343
- Schneider, i, 398
- schoolmaster, ii, 336
- schoolmaster-snapper,
- Schomburgk, i, 415
- Schöpf, i, 395
- Sciæna, i, 391; ii, 356-358
- Sciænidæ, i, 290; ii, 225, 353-355, 358
- Sciænops, ii, 355
- Sclerodermi, ii, 398, 411, 412
- scleroderms, ii, 412, 415
- Scoliodon, i, 542
- Scolopsis, ii, 342
- Scomber, i, 94, 210, 391; ii, 260, 262, 266
- figure of, i, 332; ii, 260
- Scomberoides, ii, 272, 470
- Scomberomorus, i, 210, 322; ii, 264, 266
- Scomberosomus,
- Scomberidea, ii, 258, 271
- Scombramphodon, ii, 266
- Scombresox, ii, 211, 214
- Scombridæ, i, 210; ii, 258, 272, 470
- scombriform fishes, i, 209
- Scombrinus, ii, 266
- Scombroclupea, ii, 52
- Scombroidea,
- Scombroidei, ii, 291, 484, 485
- scombroids, ii, 485
- Scombropidæ, ii, 317
- Scombrops, ii, 317
- scopeloid, ii, 474
- Scopelus, ii, 133
- Scophthalmus, ii, 486, 488
- Scopoli, i, 396
- Scorpæna, i, 180, 211, 391; ii, 429, 432, 433, 438
- Scorpænichthys, ii, 442
- skull of, figured, i, 427
- Scorpænidæ, i, 94, 207, 211; ii, 363, 426, 435, 441, 503
- Scorpænopsis, ii, 434
- Scorpænopterus, ii, 436
- Scorpididæ, ii, 397, 398, 400
- Scorpis, ii, 398, 400
- scorpion-fishes, i, 207, 429; ii, 426, 433
- Scudder, i, 405
- sculpin, i, 21, 219, 257, 290, 429, 440; ii, 363, 441, 445, 447-449
- buffalo, ii, 443
- daddy, ii, 445
- eighteen-spined, ii, 446
- great, ii, 442
- little, ii, 446
- long-horned, ii, 447
- Pribilof, ii, 446
- red, ii, 443
- Richardson's, ii, 451
- river, ii, 445
- sleek, ii, 451
- stone, ii, 443
- scup, ii, 344
- scutes, i, 570
- Scuticaria, ii, 153
- Scymnorhinus, i, 546
- Scyliorhinidæ, i, 127, 532, 533
- Scyliorhinoid shark,
- Scyliorhinus, i, 447, 533
- Scyphophori, ii, 188, 207
- Scytalina,
- Scytalinidæ, ii, 519
- sea-bass, i, 135; ii, 320, 323
- sea-bat, ii, 552
- sea-catfish, ii, 178
- eggs of, hatched in mouth, ii, 179
- figure of, ii, 179
- sea-devil, i, 559; ii, 547
- sea-drum, ii, 357
- sea-horse, i, 19, 64, 128; ii, 449
- family of, i, 236
- figure of, i, 17
- Seale, i, 422
- sea-mink, ii, 356
- sea-moth, ii, 239
- sea-poacher, i, 208; ii, 449, 453
- sea-raven,
- figure of, i, 220; ii, 448
- sea-robin, i, 246; ii, 457
- figure of, ii, 456
- rough-headed, ii, 457
- striped, ii, 457
- sea-scorpion, ii, 363
- sea-serpent, i, 361; ii, 471, 473
- sea-snail, i, 217; ii, 39, 454
- sea-trout, ii, 94
- sea-waifs, ii, 133
- sea weed, ii, 512
- sebago, ii, 92
- Sebastapistes, ii, 434
- Sebastes, i, 125, 211; ii, 428
- figure of, i, 218; ii, 427
- Sebastichthys, ii, 428, 429, 433
- Sebastiscus, ii, 432
- Sebastodes, i, 125, 211, 219, 375; ii, 428, 429, 431-433, 438
- figure of, ii, 429
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
- Sebastolobus, i, 52-55, 211
- cranium of, i, 53
- figure of, ii, 428
- lower jaw of, i, 54
- maxillary of, i, 55
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 52
- Sebastopsis, i, 271; ii, 432
- Sectator, i, 271; ii, 350
- Seeley, i, 410
- Segemehl, i, 97
- segments of Dibothrium figured, ii, 103
- selachians, i, 572, 592
- Selachii, i, 382, 507-509; ii, 9
- Selachostomi, i, 623; ii, 13
- Selenaspis,
- clavicle of, i, 87
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 86
- Selene, ii, 276
- development of, figured, i, 148
- Lütken on, i, 144
- skeleton of, figured, i, 55
- Selenichthyes, ii, 241-249
- Selenosteus, i, 588
- Selenosteidæ, i, 587
- Semicossyphus, ii, 390
- Semionotidæ, ii, 23, 24, 26
- Semionotus,
- Semiophoridæ, ii, 245
- Semiophorus, ii, 245
- Semon, i, 428
- Semotilus, i, 282; ii, 167
- figure of, i, 285; ii, 268
- señorita, ii, 388
- sense organs, i, 115-123
- sense of pain, i, 123
- sense of taste, i, 121
- sense of touch, i, 121
- sensorium, i, 153
- sensory nerves, i, 153
- Sergeant Baker, ii, 130
- sergeant-fish,
- Seriola, ii, 272, 278
- figure of, i, 459; ii, 273
- Seriphus, ii, 354
- serran, ii, 329
- Serrana, ii, 357
- Serranellus, ii, 329
- Serranidæ, i, 206, 209, 259, 290; ii, 258, 293, 319, 320, 324, 327, 328, 330, 331, 333, 359, 363
- serrano, ii, 327, 328
- Serranus, ii, 328, 363
- Serrasalmo, ii, 161, 162
- Sertulariæ, ii, 544
- sese de lo alto, ii, 336
- sesele, ii, 304
- Setarches, ii, 433
- setiform, i, 30
- sexual coloration, i, 230
- sexual modification,
- in colors, i, 129
- in structure, i, 129
- shad, ii, 50, 53, 147
- shad waiter, ii, 63
- shagreen grains, i, 570
- sharks, i, 21, 23, 24, 28, 53, 75, 445, 446, 519, 523, 542, 543, 545, 546
- air-bladder wanting in, i, 506
- distribution of, i, 459
- eggs of, i, 127, 433
- fossil teeth of, i, 546
- jaws of, i, 35
- pectoral limbs of, i, 60, 66
- phosphorescent, i, 189
- primitive, i, 510, 511
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 507
- skull of, i, 56, 57
- shark-sucker, i, 197; ii, 468, 469
- sharp-nosed flying-fish,
- Shasta, ii, 97
- Shaw, i, 398
- sheatfish, ii, 182, 183
- sheepshead, i, 30, 324; ii, 345, 346
- figure of, i, 31; ii, 346
- shibi, ii, 263
- shiner, i, 283; ii, 163, 168
- shiro-uwo, ii, 127, 467
- Shooter,
- head-fish taken by, ii, 424
- shore-fishes, i, 245
- distribution of, i, 263-265
- short-nosed garpike,
- shoulder girdle, i, 42, 50
- of batfish, ii, 551
- of buffalo-fish, ii, 160
- figure of, i, 51, 52, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70, 86, 88, 89, 600; ii, 225, 227
- figure of fossil, i, 521
- of flounder figured, i, 58; ii, 2
- of Ictiobus ii, 160
- inner view of, ii, 160
- of Neoceratodus, i, 609
- of Opah figured, ii, 243
- of Polypterus, i, 70
- of Sebastolobus figured, i, 52
- in sharks, i, 507
- in true eel, ii, 141
- shovel-nosed sturgeon i, 253
- shrimp, ii, 147
- shrimpfishes, ii, 234
- Shufeldt,
- photographs by, i, 7, 13, 137; ii, 181, 305, 333
- Siebold, i, 411, 414
- sierra, ii, 266
- Siganidæ, ii, 409, 410
- Siganus, ii, 410
- sight organs, i, 116-118
- significance,
- of resemblance, i, 259
- of rare forms, i, 262
- Sillaginidæ, ii, 358
- sillago, ii, 358
- silk-snapper, ii, 336
- Siluridæ, i, 149, 205, 280, 290, 293; ii, 60, 178, 182, 186
- siluroid, i, 290; ii, 529
- Silurus, i, 391; ii, 182
- silverfin,
- figure of, i, 457; ii, 166
- silver-jaw minnow, ii, 165
- silver-jenny, ii, 348
- silver-king, ii, 43
- silver-perch, ii, 342
- silver-salmon, ii, 68, 71, 73, 87
- silversides, i, 290; ii, 215
- silver surf-fish,
- figure of, i, 309; ii, 375
- silver-tail, ii, 512
- silvery anchovy,
- silvery puffer,
- Simenchelyidæ, ii, 148
- Simenchelys, ii, 148
- Sindo, i, 418, 422
- singing-fish, i, 121
- figure of, i, 23; ii, 526
- species of, ii, 526
- Siniperca, ii, 320
- sinus impar, i, 120
- sinus venosus, i, 108
- Siphonognathidæ, ii, 390
- Siphonognathus, ii, 390
- Siphonostoma, ii, 236
- Sirembo, ii, 524
- Sirenoidei, i, 612
- sisco, ii, 66, 67
- siscowet, ii, 66, 115
- Sisoridæ, ii, 184
- skates, i, 28, 551, 552
- skeleton of cowfish,
- skeleton of fish, i, 10, 34-61
- of cowfish, i, 215
- of Chimæra, i, 564
- parts of, i, 35, 36
- primitive, i, 54
- of pike figured, i, 203
- of red rockfish, i, 214
- of Selene figured, i, 55
- of shark, i, 57
- of spiny-rayed fish, i, 214
- skilfishes, ii, 438
- skin-peeler, ii, 415
- skipjack, ii, 50
- skippers,
- skipping-goby, i, 117
- skittle-dogs, i, 545
- skull,
- of Anarrhichthys, ii, 517
- autostylic, i, 57
- figure of, ii, 296
- of haddock, ii, 536
- hyostylic, i, 56, 508
- of rock-bass, ii, 296
- of Scorpænichthys figured, ii, 427
- of shark figured, i, 56
- sleek-sculpin,
- figure of, i, 221; ii, 451
- sleeper-shark, i, 547
- sleepy Argentine, ii, 134
- slippery Dick, ii, 388
- figure of, i, 297; ii, 180, 396
- Sloane, i, 389
- small-mouthed bass,
- figure of, i, 325; ii, 303
- smear-dab, ii, 494
- smelt, ii, 66, 91, 120-138
- Smerdis, ii, 310, 330
- Smith, i, 416, 419, 608
- on Arctic species, i, 317
- Smitt, i, 410
- snailfish, ii, 455
- snake-blennies, ii, 512
- snake-eels, ii, 150
- snake-headed China-fish, ii, 371
- figure of, i, 150; ii, 371
- snake-headed mullets, ii, 370
- snapper, ii, 333, 335, 338
- diamond, ii, 337
- gray, ii, 334, 335
- lane, ii, 336
- mahogany, ii, 337
- mangrove, ii, 335
- mutton, ii, 335
- red, ii, 335
- silk, ii, 336
- true, ii, 337
- yellow-tail, ii, 337
- snipe-eels, ii, 151
- snipefishes, ii, 234
- Snodgrass, i, 422; ii, 423
- snooks, ii, 282, 320
- snowy grouper,
- Snyder, i, 418, 420
- Snyderina,
- soapfishes, ii, 330
- sobaco, ii, 413
- sockeye, ii, 69
- soft-rayed fishes, i, 204; ii, 39
- soi, ii, 429
- soldados, ii, 253
- Solander, i, 395
- soldier-fish, ii, 315
- family of, ii, 253
- figure of, ii, 254
- Solea, i, 327; ii, 487, 496
- Soleidæ, i, 290; ii, 495, 499
- Soleinæ, ii, 496
- Solenostomidæ,
- Solenostomus, i, 128; ii, 236
- soles, ii, 495
- broad, ii, 495
- Day on, ii, 496, 497
- European, ii, 496
- Gill on, ii, 496
- habits of, ii, 496
- hog-choker, ii, 498
- Parker on, ii, 483
- Sonnerat, i, 395
- Sörensen,
- sounds of fishes, i, 168-170
- soup-fin sharks,
- southern zone, i, 253
- spadefish, ii, 400
- figure of, i, 325; ii, 401
- Spaniodon, ii, 43
- Spaniodontidæ, ii, 47
- Spanish-flag, ii, 323, 429
- Spanish-mackerel, i, 64, 210, 322
- figure of, i, 322; ii, 264
- Goode on, ii, 264, 265
- Mitchill on, ii, 264
- Sparidæ, i, 206; ii, 342, 344, 346, 372
- Sparisoma, i, 268; ii, 352, 391, 392, 396
- figure of, ii, 392
- jaws figured, i, 30
- Sparnodus, ii, 347
- Sparus, i, 259, 263, 391; ii, 346
- Spathiurus, ii, 36
- Spaulding, ii, 84
- marking of fry by, ii, 84
- spawning-grounds,
- spawning of salmon, i, 160
- special creation impossible, i, 295
- spearfish, i, 199; ii, 469
- specialized fishes, i, 249
- species, i, 371
- absent through barriers, i, 238
- changed through natural
- selection, ii, 239
- characters of, i, 292
- conditions favorable to, i, 301
- extinction of, i, 239
- meaning of, i, 293, 379
- special creation, i, 295
- transfer of, i, 312
- speckled flounder, ii, 488
- speckled hind, ii, 324
- speckled trout,
- figure of, i, 326; ii, 110
- Spengel,
- Spengelia, i, 465
- Spengeliidæ, i, 465
- sperling, ii, 123
- Sphærodon, i, 268
- Sphagebranchus, ii, 151
- Sphagepæa, i, 565
- sphenial, i, 606
- Sphenocephalus, ii, 252
- Spheroides, i, 206; ii, 419-421
- Sphyrænidæ, i, 206
- Sphyræna, ii, 221
- Sphyrænodus, ii, 266
- Sphyrna, i, 543
- Sphyrnidæ, i, 543
- Spicara, i, 260; ii, 347
- Spinacanthidæ, ii, 415
- Spinacanthus, ii, 415
- Spinachia, ii, 232
- spinal cord, i, 112
- spineless trunkfish,
- figure of, i, 378; ii, 417
- spines of catfish, i, 179
- spiny eels, ii, 157
- spiny-rayed fishes, i, 21, 206-208; ii, 39, 208, 307
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
- spiracle, i, 92
- Spiraculis, i, 393
- spiral valve, i, 32
- splenial, i, 43
- split-tail, ii, 169
- Spondyliosoma, i, 260, 267; ii, 348, 350
- spookfishes, i, 564
- spot, ii, 356
- spotted trout, ii, 105
- spotted trunkfish, ii, 416
- figure of, i, 377; ii, 417
- spotted weakfish,
- sprat, i, 204; ii, 50, 123
- spring salmon, ii, 80
- Squalidæ, i, 531, 543, 545, 546, 566
- Squaloraja, i, 566
- Squalorajidæ, i, 566
- Squalus, i, 391
- Squamipinnes, ii, 209, 411
- Squamipinus, ii, 397-410
- square-tails, ii, 291
- Squatina, i, 548
- brain of, figured, i, 547
- pectoral fin figured, i, 56
- Squatinidæ, i, 549, 554
- squawfish,
- figure of, i, 162; ii, 169
- spawning journey of, i, 164
- squeteague, ii, 353
- squirrel-fish, ii, 253, 329
- Stannius, i, 428
- star-gazer, ii, 364, 503
- Starks, C. L.
- drawings of fishes i, 36-39
- Starks, E. C., i, 420
- on berycoid skull, ii, 250
- on fish skeleton, i, 39
- starry-flounder, ii, 493
- star-spined ray,
- Stearns, i, 419
- steelhead, ii, 94, 96, 99, 100
- steelhead-trout,
- Steenstrup, i, 410
- Stegocephali, i, 606
- Stegostoma, i, 533
- Stegothalami, i, 584
- Steindachnerella, ii, 541
- Steindachner, i, 411, 414, 427
- Steindachneria,
- Steinegeria, ii, 286
- Steinegeriidæ, ii, 286
- Stelgis,
- Steller, i, 395; ii, 135
- on quinnat salmon, ii, 68
- Stellifer, i, 271; ii, 355
- Stenodus, ii, 62, 68
- Stenotomus, ii, 344
- Stephanoberycidæ,
- Stephanoberyx, ii, 223
- Stephanolepis, ii, 414, 415
- Stereobalanus, i, 465
- Stereolepis, ii, 321
- Sternoptychidæ, ii, 137
- Sternoptyx, i, 357; ii, 137
- Stethojulis, ii, 390
- Stichæiniæ, ii, 511
- Stichæus, ii, 513
- stickleback, i, 51, 128, 250, 290; ii, 157, 215, 228, 229, 232
- fighting of, i, 165
- figure of, ii, 232
- shoulder-girdle of, ii, 227
- spines of, i, 179
- Stieda, i, 428
- Stiles,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
- stingaree, i, 556
- sting-bull, ii, 501
- stingfish, ii, 501
- sting-rays, i, 84, 267, 549
- figure of, i, 246, 555
- spines of, i, 182
- Stizostedion, ii, 308
- Stolephorus, ii, 52
- Stomias,
- Stomiatidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, 128
- Stone, ii, 80
- on rate of travel of salmon, ii, 80
- stone-bass, ii, 323
- stone-cats, ii, 182
- stone-roller, i, 157; ii, 166
- figure of, i, 33; ii, 167
- stone-sculpin, ii, 443
- stonewall perch, ii, 359, 360
- stony-flounder, ii, 482
- Storer, i, 418
- Storms, i, 427
- on fossil remora, ii, 469
- Stratodontidæ, ii, 137
- Stratodus, ii, 137
- Strinsia, ii, 539
- striped-bass, i, 48, 53; ii, 37, 321
- bones of, i, 39, 45
- figure of, i, 35
- tail of, i, 49
- vertebral column of, i, 48
- striped-mullet,
- striped sea-robin, ii, 457
- Ström, i, 396
- Stromateidæ, i, 160; ii, 215, 259, 284, 291, 398, 485
- Stromateus, i, 391; ii, 283, 291
- sturgeon, i, 128, 204, 250, 257, 290; ii, 18-21, 159, 160, 182, 186
- child swallowed by, ii, 182
- of Danube, ii, 182
- figure of, ii, 19, 20
- larva of, figured, i, 141
- Styela,
- Stygicola, i, 314; ii, 524
- Stylephoridæ, ii, 480
- Stylephorus, ii, 480
- subgenus, i, 373
- suborbital stay, i, 44
- subspecies, i, 294
- sucker, i, 156, 198, 290, 304; ii, 56, 171, 172, 174
- California, ii, 174
- carp, ii, 173
- common, ii, 174
- figure showing parasites, i, 348
- Oregon, ii, 175
- razor-backed, figured, ii, 175
- sucking-disks,
- sucking-fish,
- figure of, i, 197; ii, 468
- Suckley, i, 419
- Sudis, ii, 9, 136
- Suez Canal, i, 268
- sukkegh, ii, 69
- Suletind watershed, i, 307
- Sulphur, the, i, 408
- summer herring,
- Sunapee trout,
- sunfish, i, 3-15, 28, 209, 290; ii, 37, 297, 424
- banded, ii, 299
- blue-green, i, 26
- common figured, i, 7; ii, 301
- description of, i, 4
- dwarf, ii, 467
- figure of, i, 2, 4, 27
- food of, i, 11
- long-eared, i, 3; ii, 300
- nine-spined, ii, 301
- photograph of, i, 13
- pigmy, ii, 297
- supraclavicle, i, 89
- Surface,
- on destruction of fish, i, 357
- on lampreys, i, 491-505
- on Saprolegnia, i, 354-356
- surf-fish, i, 125, 207, 290; ii, 372, 373
- blue, ii, 375
- silver, ii, 375
- thick-lipped, ii, 374
- wall-eye, ii, 375
- white, ii, 374
- surf-shiner, ii, 376
- surf-smelt, ii, 123, 124, 127
- surf-whiting, ii, 357
- surgeon-fish, ii, 407
- surmullets, i, 122, 198, 322; ii, 351-379
- suspensorium of mandible, i, 43
- susuki, i, 324; ii, 320
- Swain, i, 422
- Swainson, i, 410
- swallowers, ii, 360
- Swammerdam, i, 390
- swampy watersheds, i, 314
- Swan, ii, 123
- sweetfish, ii, 115
- sweet-perch, ii, 363
- swell-sharks, i, 197, 533
- swell-toad, ii, 420, 423
- swim-bladder, ii, 95
- swordfish, i, 169, 199, 210; ii, 269
- adult, figured, ii, 270
- Goode on, ii, 270
- Owen on, ii, 270, 271
- vessels struck by, ii, 270
- young, figured, ii, 269
- swordtail-minnow,
- figure of, i, 124; ii, 199
- Syacium,
- Syllæmus, ii, 224
- Symbranchia, ii, 140
- Symbranchidæ, ii, 141
- Symbranchus, ii, 141
- Symphodus, i, 268; ii, 387
- Symphurus,
- symplectic bone, ii, 156
- Synagrops, ii, 317
- Synanceia, i, 180; ii, 434
- Synaphobranchidæ, ii, 149
- Synaphobranchus, ii, 149
- Synaptura, ii, 497
- Synchiropus, ii, 506
- Synechodus,
- Synentognathi, ii, 190, 208-214
- Syngnathidæ,
- Syngnathus, i, 170, 391; ii, 236
- Synodontidæ, ii, 130, 133
- Synodontis, ii, 182
- Synodus, ii, 190
- synonymy and priority,
- Syntegmodus, ii, 44
- Syrski, ii, 144, 145
- Systema Naturæ, i, 373
- Tachysurus, ii, 178, 179, 86
- Tænioides, ii, 467
- Tæniosomi, ii, 292, 459-480
- Tæniotoca, ii, 375
- Tæniura, i, 557
- tahanohadai, ii, 363
- Tahoe trout,
- figure of, i, 327; ii, 104
- tai-fishing,
- tail forms, i, 49, 50, 80-85
- taiva, ii, 342
- Talisman, i, 408; ii, 60
- Talismania, ii, 60
- Tamiobatidæ, i, 532
- Tamiobatis, i, 551
- tangs, ii, 407
- Tantogolabrus, ii, 387
- Tarpon, i, 157, 205; ii, 35, 51
- Tarrassiidæ, i, 602
- Tarrassius, i, 602
- tarwhine, ii, 344
- tautog, ii, 387
- Tautoga, i, 207; ii, 385
- taxonomy, i, 367, 368
- Tectospondyli, i, 448, 510, 513, 519, 545, 549
- order of, i, 543
- Woodward on, i, 543
- tectospondylous, i, 49
- teeth, i, 29, 30, 201
- of Ceratodus figured, i, 614
- of Chimæra, i, 562
- of Corax, i, 543
- figured, i, 522, 524
- of Janassa, i, 554
- of sharks, i, 515, 527, 529, 537
- Teleocephali, i, 405; ii, 39, 40, 209
- Teleosteans, i, 384
- Teleostei, i, 66, 204, 622, 624; ii, 2, 5, 37
- sympathetic system of, i, 114
- Teleostomes, i, 599
- Teleostomi, i, 462, 572, 583, 598, 599, 603
- teleosts, i, 35, 135, 139, 141, 204, 569; ii, 1, 3, 4, 159
- Telepholis, ii, 133
- Telescopias, ii, 317
- teleotemporal, i, 90
- Temnothoraci, i, 584, 586
- temperature,
- affecting distribution, i, 242
- tenacity of life in fishes, i, 146, 147, 149
- tench, ii, 168
- tengudai, ii, 333
- tengusame, i, 534
- ten-pounder, ii, 35, 43
- figure of, i, 454; ii, 42
- Terapon, ii, 342
- Teraponidæ, ii, 342
- Tertiary fishes, i, 440
- Tertiary ganoids, ii, 140
- tessellated darter,
- tessellated teeth, i, 30, 549
- Tetragonolepis, i, 24
- Tetragonopterus, i, 314; ii, 161, 162, 381
- Tetragonuridæ, ii, 215
- Tetragonurus, ii, 291
- Tetraodon, i, 169, 197, 206, 236, 393, 611; ii, 420
- figure of, i, 183, 244; ii, 421, 422
- Tetraodontidæ, i, 182; ii, 421
- Tetrapturus, i, 257; ii, 269
- Tetrarhynchus, ii, 134
- Tetronarce, i, 554
- Teuthidæ, ii, 291
- Teuthididæ, ii, 407, 409
- Teuthis, i, 268, 271, 293; ii, 407
- figure of, i, 181; ii, 407, 408
- Thacher,
- thalamencephalon, ii, 6, 8
- Thalassoma, i, 207, 267, 271; ii, 389
- Thalassophryne, i, 180; ii, 526, 527
- Thalassothia, ii, 526
- Thaleichthys, ii, 124
- figure of, i, 320; ii, 19, 124
- sketch of, ii, 125
- Thaliacea, i, 477
- Thaumaturus, ii, 119
- Thelodontidæ, i, 574, 579
- Thelodus, i, 570, 573
- Theragra, i, 209
- Therobromus, ii, 127
- Thetis, the, i, 410
- thick-lipped surf-fish,
- Tholichthys, i, 144; ii, 402
- Thollière, i, 427
- Thompson, i, 410, 418
- Thoracici, i, 393; ii, 39
- Thoracies, ii, 209
- Thoreau, ii, 190, 308
- thread-eel, ii, 151, 152
- figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, 152
- threadfins, i, 122; ii, 215, 224
- figure of, ii, 225
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 89; ii, 225
- threadfish, ii, 276
- threadhead worms, i, 351
- thread-herring, ii, 51, 53
- three-forked hake, ii, 539
- three-spined stickleback,
- thresher-shark, i, 536
- Thrissopater, ii, 43
- Thrissops, ii, 41
- Thryptodontidæ, ii, 44
- Thryptodus, ii, 44
- Thunberg, i, 416
- thunder-pumper, ii, 354, 355
- Thunnus, i, 210, 272; ii, 262
- Thursius, i, 604
- Thwaite shad, ii, 50
- Thyestes, i, 576
- Thymallidæ, ii, 120
- Thymallus, i, 305; ii, 120, 121, 122
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 120, 122
- Thyrsites, ii, 267
- Thyrsitocephalus, ii, 267
- tide pools of Misaki,
- tiger-puffer, ii, 423
- tiger-sharks, i, 533
- Tilapia, ii, 380
- tilefish, ii, 361
- catastrophe to, ii, 362
- Collins on, ii, 362
- Gill on, ii, 361, 362
- Tilesius, i, 396, 416
- Tinca, i, 345; ii, 168, 175
- tiñosa, ii, 276
- Tiphle, ii, 236
- Titanichthyidæ, i, 587
- Titanichthys, i, 583, 587, 589
- Titicaca Lake,
- peculiar fish from, ii, 201
- toadfish, ii, 525, 526
- Brazilian, ii, 526
- poison, ii, 526
- poison-organs of, i, 180
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
- tomcod, ii, 537
- tomtates, ii, 341
- tongue-fish, ii, 488, 497
- tooth,
- of Hybodus, figured, i, 528
- of Lamnidæ, i, 538
- topknot, ii, 488
- top-minnow, i, 118; ii, 198, 199, 467
- toque, ii, 114
- torabuku, ii, 423
- tori, ii, 6
- Tornaria,
- torpedo, i, 268; ii, 183, 188
- figure of, i, 186; ii, 183
- fin rudiments in, i, 71
- torsk, ii, 539
- toto, ii, 398
- totuava, ii, 354
- Townsend, ii, 502
- Tower,
- on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95, 96
- on weakfish, i, 94
- Toxotes, i, 240, 268; ii, 400
- Toxotidæ, ii, 400
- Trachicephalus,
- figure of, i, 456; ii, 438
- Trachichthyidæ, ii, 253
- Trachichthys, i, 263; ii, 252
- Trachidermus, ii, 445
- Trachinidæ, ii, 500, 501, 506, 525
- Trachinotus, i, 322; ii, 276
- Trachinus, i, 169, 180, 391; ii, 500, 501
- Trachosteus, i, 583, 588, 589, 590
- Trachurops, ii, 275
- Trachurus, i, 210, 274
- Trachypteridæ,
- family of, ii, 477
- Goode and Bean on, ii, 479
- Trachypterus, i, 144; ii, 425, 477
- figure of, ii, 478
- Günther on, ii, 480
- Trachyrhynchus, ii, 541
- trahira, ii, 162
- transportation of fishes, i, 150
- Trautschold, i, 427
- Traquair, i, 426, 428
- on Gnasthome, i, 573
- on high and low forms, i, 381, 382
- on Ostracophores, i, 569-571
- on Palæospondylus, i, 591
- portrait of, i, 425
- on sharks, i, 512
- Traquairia, i, 517
- Travailleur, the, i, 408; ii, 60
- tree-climber of India,
- treefish, ii, 431
- Tremataspidæ, i, 576
- trematodes, i, 344
- Triakis, i, 541
- Triacanthidæ, ii, 412
- Triacanthodes, ii, 412
- Triacanthus, ii, 412
- Trichina, i, 352
- Trichiurichthys, ii, 268
- Trichiuridæ, i, 210; ii, 472
- Trichiurides, ii, 32
- Trichiurus, ii, 268, 479
- Trichodon,
- Trichodontidæ, ii, 364, 506
- trinomial nomenclature, i, 378
- trigger-fishes, i, 440; ii, 412, 413
- Trigla, i, 169, 391; ii, 456, 457
- Triglidæ, i, 122, 208; ii, 455
- Triglops, ii, 442
- Triglopsis, i, 317; ii, 447
- Trigonodon, ii, 347
- Triodon, ii, 419
- Triodontidæ, ii, 418
- Tripterygian, ii, 508
- Tristichopterus, i, 603
- Trochocopus, ii, 388
- Troglichthys, i, 220, 222; ii, 202, 203
- tropical fishes,
- species of, i, 271
- variety among, i, 333
- Tropidichthyidæ, ii, 421
- Tropidichthys, i, 115; ii, 422
- Troschel, i, 415
- trout, i, 156, 250, 290, 304, 326, 327; ii, 38, 41, 61, 89, 90, 107, 121, 128, 147, 168
- tail figure of, ii, 486
- of Utah basin, ii, 104
- of Yellowstone, i, 345
- trout-perch, i, 241, 290; ii, 61
- trout-spotted darter, ii, 314
- trout-worm, ii, 103
- figure of head, ii, 103
- segments of, figured, ii, 103
- trucha, ii, 320
- true eels, ii, 141
- shoulder-girdle in, ii, 141
- true perches, ii, 304
- true sharks, i, 523-560
- true snapper, ii, 337
- trumpeter, ii, 363
- trumpet-fish, i, 51, 440
- family of, i, 233
- figure of, i, 234
- truncate, i, 19
- truncus arteriosus, ii, 6
- trunkfishes, i, 16, 19, 206, 373, 375, 378, 429; ii, 415-417
- figure of, i, 373, 376, 377
- horned, ii, 416
- hornless, ii, 419
- spineless, ii, 417
- spotted, ii, 416
- Trypauchen, ii, 467
- tschawytscha, ii, 73
- Tschudi, i, 415
- tsuzume, ii, 402
- tullibee, ii, 67
- tunicates, i, 460, 462, 467-481
- adult, figured, i, 480
- anatomy, figured, i, 472
- Kingsley on, i, 467, 468, 469
- larva, figured, i, 471
- Ritter on, i, 474
- tunny, i, 19, 210
- turbots, i, 206, 328; ii, 488, 489
- Turner,
- Turton, i, 410
- Tutuila Island,
- lizard skipper from, i, 230
- Twin Lakes,
- Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307, 308, 309, 310
- tyee, ii, 69
- Tylosurus, i, 128
- figure of, ii, 210
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
- Typhlichthys, i, 220, 314; ii, 201, 202
- figure of, i, 116; ii, 202
- Typhlogobius, i, 198; ii, 467
- Typodus, ii, 222
- uku, i, 325; ii, 338
- Ulæma, i, 271
- ulchen, ii, 124
- figure of, i, 320; ii, 124
- Umbra, i, 253; ii, 35
- Umbridæ, i, 290; ii, 193, 194
- Umbrina, ii, 356, 357
- umiuma, i, 429
- uncertain conclusions, i, 79
- Undina, i, 204, 605
- unicorn-fish, ii, 409, 415
- U. S. Fish Commission, ii, 69
- Upeneus, ii, 353
- Upham,
- on glacial effects, i, 275
- upland fishes, i, 311
- Uranidea, ii, 443, 445
- Uranoplosus, ii, 22
- Uranoscopus, i, 259, 260, 393; ii, 361, 364, 503, 504
- Uranoscopidæ, ii, 503, 504, 506, 525
- Urenchelyidæ, ii, 142
- Urenchelys, ii, 142
- ureters, ii, 6
- Urochordata, i, 460
- Urodela, i, 76
- Urolophus, i, 555-557
- Uronemidæ, i, 612
- Uronemus, i, 612
- Urophycis, i, 187; ii, 538
- Uropterygius, ii, 153
- urosome, i, 84, 85
- Urosphen, ii, 234
- Urosphenidæ, ii, 234
- urostyle, i, 84
- Usinosita, ii, 498
- uu, i, 162
- vaca, i, 235; ii, 327
- Vahl, i, 396
- Vaillant, i, 412
- Valenciennellus, ii, 134
- Valenciennes, i, 401, 404
- Valenciennesia, ii, 460
- Valentyn, i, 396
- Valisneri, ii, 144
- Valisneria, ii, 144
- Van Dyke, ii, 93
- vaqueta de dos colores, ii, 404
- variability of instinct,
- variation in colors, i, 235
- variation in fin-rays, i, 211
- Variola, ii, 327
- vasa efferentia, ii, 6
- vas deferens, i, 28
- Velifer, ii, 286
- Vellitor, i, 260; ii, 448
- vendace, ii, 67
- venomous spines,
- of catfish, i, 179
- of scorpion-fish, i, 180
- ventral fins, i, 10
- Venustodus, i, 531
- Verasper, ii, 492
- ver blanc, i, 351
- Verilus, ii, 338
- vertebræ, i, 203, 205
- vertebræ in fishes, i, 212
- Boulenger on, i, 213
- figure of, i, 510
- vertebral column, i, 46-48
- vertebral column,
- of lancelet, i, 55
- of Roccus, i, 48
- verrugato, ii, 356
- vessels engaged in fish-collecting, i, 408, 410
- villiform teeth, i, 29
- Vinciguerra, ii, 408
- Vinciguerria, ii, 134
- Vinson,
- Violante, the, i, 408; ii, 60
- viper-fish, ii, 129
- Vireosa, ii, 460
- viscera of fish, i, 26, 28
- viviparous fishes,
- figure of, i, 125, 126, 222; ii, 200
- viviparous perch,
- voices of fishes, i, 121
- Vogmar, ii, 477
- Vogt, i, 428
- Volador, ii, 458
- Vomer, ii, 276
- vomer, i, 6
- Vomeropsis, ii, 278
- wachna cod, ii, 537
- Wagner, i, 427
- Waha Lake, ii, 104
- Waite, i, 408, 416
- Walbaum, i, 397; ii, 68
- Walcott, i, 428, 603
- on fossil chimæroids, i, 565
- on oldest forms, i, 435
- walking-fish, i, 167
- wall-eye, ii, 307
- wall-eyed surf-fish, ii, 375
- Walton, i, 336, 337
- Ward,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
- Wardichthys, ii, 15
- water-beetle, ii, 144
- water-pig, ii, 369
- watersheds, i, 305
- the Cassiquiare, i, 307
- how fishes cross, i, 306
- the Suletind, i, 306
- swampy, i, 314
- Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307
- weakfish, ii, 353
- Weber, i, 428
- Weberian apparatus, i, 93, 96, 97; ii, 160
- figure of, i, 93; ii, 160
- weevers, ii, 500
- weissfelchen, ii, 65
- weissfisch, ii, 65
- wels, ii, 182
- welshmen, ii, 253
- West Indian fish, i, 235
- whale-shark, i, 540
- whiff, ii, 488, 489
- whips, i, 206
- whiptail rays, i, 549
- Whiteaves, i, 427
- whitebait, ii, 123, 127, 216
- white bass, ii, 321
- white bullhead, ii, 180
- white catfish,
- white channel-cat, ii, 180
- white chub,
- whitefish, i, 62-64, 305, 322; ii, 115, 362, 467
- white-mouthed drummers, ii, 356
- white perch, ii, 321
- white sea-bass, ii, 354
- white sharks, i, 534
- white shiner,
- figure showing parasites, i, 343
- white surf-fish,
- figure of, ii, 374
- with young figured, i, 125; ii, 372
- whiting, ii, 537
- Whitman, i, 428
- Whitmee,
- on aquarium fishes, i, 165
- Whitney, ii, 116
- wide-eyed flounder,
- wide-gape, ii, 545
- wide-mouthed flounder,
- Wiedersheim, i, 513
- Williams,
- on eye of flounder, i, 174-178
- Williamson, i, 423
- Williston, i, 427
- willow-cat, ii, 180
- Willughby, i, 390
- Winckler, i, 427
- window-pane fish, ii, 488
- wine-colored eel, ii, 153
- wolf-eel, ii, 517
- wolf-fish, ii, 517
- Wolffian duct, i, 28
- Woodward, i, 426, 428, 519, 543, 554, 582, 584, 591, 594, 602; ii, 4, 13, 24, 26, 34, 36, 43, 48, 140, 425, 514, 522
- on Acanthodei, i, 514, 516
- on Chondrostei, ii, 17
- on Dorypterus, ii, 16
- on eels, ii, 140
- on fossil fishes, i, 439
- on fossil garpike, ii, 32
- on Isospondyli, ii, 38
- portrait of, i, 425
- on Pycnodonti, ii, 23
- Woolman, i, 422
- worm-like eels, ii, 150
- worm of the Yellowstone, i, 345
- Worthen, i, 426
- wrasse, i, 203; ii, 385, 387
- wreckfish, ii, 323
- Wright, i, 427, 428
- on fishes of Panama, i, 275
- wrymouths,
- Wyman,
- on month gestation, i, 170
- on protocercal tail, i, 81
- Xanthichthys, ii, 413
- Xererpes, ii, 512
- Xenichthys, i, 271; ii, 338
- Xenistius, i, 271; ii, 338
- Xenocephalidæ, ii, 520
- Xenocephalus, ii, 520
- Xenocys, i, 271; ii, 338
- Xenomi, i, 405; ii, 157
- Xenopterygii, ii, 499
- Xesurus, ii, 409
- Xiphasia,
- Xiphasiidæ, ii, 513
- Xiphias, i, 210, 329, 391; ii, 269
- Xiphidiinæ, ii, 511
- Xiphidion, ii, 512
- Xiphiidæ,
- Xiphiorhynchus, ii, 269
- Xiphorphorus,
- figure of, i, 124; ii, 199
- Xiphistes,
- Xyrauchen, ii, 172, 174
- Xyrias,
- Xyrichthys, i, 207; ii, 388-390
- Xystæma, ii, 348
- Xystreurys, ii, 492
- Xystrodus, i, 531
- yamabe, i, 327; ii, 95
- yamanokami, ii, 445
- Yarrell, i, 410
- on fishing-frog, i, 169
- on sounds, i, 168
- yellowback rockfish,
- yellow bass, ii, 321
- yellow catfish, ii, 182
- yellow-fin grouper, ii, 325
- yellow-fin trout, ii, 105
- yellow-fish, ii, 324
- yellow goatfish, ii, 352
- yellow grunt, ii, 340
- yellow mackerel, ii, 276
- yellow perch, ii, 307
- Yellowstone Lake,
- trout of, i, 310, 345-347
- Yellowstone Miller's Thumb,
- yellow-tail, ii, 273
- yellow-tail roncador, ii, 356
- yellow-tail snapper,
- yezomasu, ii, 71, 72
- Young, i, 426
- Zacalles,
- Zacco, ii, 164
- zakko, ii, 117, 120
- Zalarges, ii, 134
- Zalembrius, ii, 374, 376
- Zalieutes, ii, 552
- Zalises,
- Zanclidæ, ii, 406
- Zanclus, i, 240, 268; ii, 406
- Zaniolepis, ii, 440
- Zander, ii, 309
- Zaprora, ii, 286
- Zaproridæ, ii, 286
- Zebrasoma, ii, 408, 409
- Zebrias, ii, 497
- Zeidæ, ii, 398
- Zenarchopterus, ii, 212
- Zenion, ii, 249
- Zenopsis, ii, 249
- Zeoidea, i, 241-249
- Zeoidei, ii, 484
- zeoid fishes, ii, 245
- Zeorhombi, ii, 245
- Zesticelus, ii, 447
- Zeugopterus, ii, 488
- Zeus, i, 259, 263, 267, 391; ii, 243, 249, 398
- Zigno, i, 427
- Zingel, ii, 307
- Zittel, i, 427; ii, 13, 514
- on Lepidostei, ii, 23
- on Ostracophores, i, 569
- portrait of, i, 425
- Zoarces, ii, 144, 518
- Zoarcidæ, ii, 518, 522
- zoogeography, i, 237
- zooids, i, 479
- zootomists, i, 90
- Zostera, i, 476
- Zuieuw, i, 396
- Zygonectes, ii, 199