The Project Gutenberg eBook of Guide to the Study of Fishes, by David Starr Jordan

14. This family should stand as Histiopteridæ, the name Pentaceros, Pentacerotidæ, being used earlier for starfishes.

pentadactyle limb, i, 79
Pentapus, ii, 341
Peprilus, ii, 285
- figure of, i, 18; ii, 284
Perca, 391; ii, 307, 315, 367
- brain of, i, 111
- figure of, ii, 308
Percalates, ii, 320
Percarina, ii, 310
Percesoces, ii, 157, 208, 228, 290, 360, 370, 521, 522
- order of, ii, 215
perches, i, 21, 209, 290, 304; ii, 168, 258, 304, 307, 310
- brain of, figured, i, 111
- European, ii, 307
- everglade pigmy, figured, ii, 295
- white, ii, 304
- yellow, ii, 307, 308
Percichthys, ii, 320
Percidæ, i, 209, 248, 290, 406; ii, 171, 258, 294, 304, 309, 320
- family of, ii, 304
Percilia, ii, 320
Percina, ii, 306, 310
- figure of, ii, 311
Percis, ii, 453
Percoidea, ii, 293-315
Percoidei, ii, 398
percoid fishes, ii, 293-315
Percomorphi, ii, 258-271, 365, 397, 398, 426
- suborder of, ii, 258
Percophidæ, ii, 502
Percopsidæ, i, 290; ii, 241
- family of, ii, 241
Percopsis, i, 316; ii, 296
- figure of, ii, 241
periblast, i, 136
Periophthalmus, i, 117; ii, 465, 510
- figure of, i, 118; ii, 466
Peristediidæ, i, 208; ii, 457
Peristedion, i, 219
- figure of, i, 299; ii, 457
peritoneum, i, 32
Permian, ii, 14, 23
- sharks from, i, 517
Perugia, i, 412
pescado azul, ii, 382
pescadillo del red, ii, 354
pescado blanco, i, 328; ii, 216
- figure of, i, 217, 329
pescado del rey, ii, 216
pesce rey, ii, 216
Petalodontidæ, i, 531
- family of, i, 554
- teeth of, figured, i, 555
Petalodus, i, 554
Petalopteryx, ii, 26, 458
Peters, i, 411
peto, ii, 266
Petromyzon, i, 132, 142, 357, 372, 391, 490, 618
- figure of, i, 491
- mouth figured, i, 492
- head of, figured, i, 111
Petromyzonidæ, i, 290, 373, 490
Petroscirtes, ii, 509
pez ciego, ii, 524
pez del rey,
- figure of, ii, 218
pez de pluma, ii, 344
pez puerco, ii, 413
Phæbodus, i, 522
Phanerodon, ii, 375
Phaneropleuron, i, 612
- figure of, i, 613
Phanerosteon, i, 580
Phareodus, ii, 56, 57
- figures of, ii, 57-59
- fossils of, ii, 58, 59
pharyngeals, i, 5, 48
- figure of, i, 47
- of Italian parrot-fish, ii, 391
- of parrot-fish, figured, ii, 391
- use in voice, i, 121
pharyngeal teeth,
- figured, ii, 175
Pharyngognathi, i, 405; ii, 259, 380, 396
- suborder of, ii, 384
Philippi, i, 415
Philypnus, ii, 459
- figure of, ii, 460
Pholidophoridæ, ii, 26, 29, 36, 41
Pholidophorus, ii, 28
- figure of, ii, 29
Pholidurus, ii, 22
Pholis, i, 209; ii, 512
- figure of, ii, 512
phosphorescent groups, i, 187
phosphorescent organs,
- artificial stimulation of, i, 191
- chemical action in, i, 196
- cross-section of, i, 193
- Greene on, i, 194, 196, 197
- Lendenfeld on, i, 194, 195
- of Porichthys, i, 194
photophores, i, 187, 189
Phoxinus, ii, 167
Phractolamidæ, ii, 48
Phrynorhombus, ii, 488
Phtheirichthys, ii, 469
Phthinobranchii, i, 227-240
Phyllodus, ii, 396
Phyllolepidæ, i, 584
phylogeny, i, 63, 79
Phylopteryx, ii, 238
Phylyctænaspis, i, 586
Physoclysti, i, 405; ii, 39, 209
physostome, ii, 10
Physostomi, i, 405; ii, 39, 40
picarel, ii, 347
pickerel, i, 4; ii, 147
pigfish, ii, 342
pigmentation, i, 226
- effect of spirits on, i, 235
pigmy sunfishes, ii, 296
pike, i, 209, 239, 250, 290, 304, 328, 440; ii, 190
- figure of, i, 203, 328; ii, 191
- skeleton of, i, 203
pike-perch, ii, 309
pilchard, ii, 50
pilot-fish, i, 63; ii, 272
- figure of, ii, 273
Pimelodus, ii, 183, 186
Pimelometopon, ii, 388, 389
- figure of, ii, 389
pineal organ, i, 111
- Dean on, i, 112
- figure of, i, 111
pine-cone-fish,
- figure of, i, 16; ii, 257
pinfish, ii, 344
ping, ii, 91
Pinguipedidæ, ii, 363, 499
pink, ii, 72
pintado, ii, 266
pipefish, i, 64, 128, 440
- family of, ii, 236
pirate-perch, i, 290; ii, 294
- figure of, ii, 295
Pisces, i, 393, 588
- characteristics of, i, 506
Piso, i, 389
placoderm, i, 462, 584, 590, 591, 593
Placodermi, i, 568, 622, 623
placoid scales, i, 21
Placopharynx, ii, 174
- lower pharyngeal figured, ii, 171
Plagioscion, ii, 354
Plagiostomi, i, 507
Plagiuri, i, 392
Plagyodontidæ, ii, 134, 136
Plagyodus, ii, 136
- figure of, ii, 135
plaice, ii, 487, 493
plaice tribe, ii, 492
pla-kat, ii, 370
Platacidæ, ii, 398, 400, 401
Platax, i, 240, 268; ii, 243, 245, 398, 401
Platophrys,
- figure of, i, 174, 175
- larval form, i, 174
Platichthys, ii, 482, 493
- figure of, ii, 495
Platophrys, ii, 481, 482, 488
- larval stages of, figured, ii, 484
Platycephalidæ, i, 267
- family of, ii, 441
Platycephalus, ii, 441
Platycormus, ii, 283, 284, 485
Platyglossus, ii, 390
Platyptera, ii, 506
Platysomidæ, ii, 4, 14, 15
Platysomus, ii, 15
- figure of, i, 452
Platystacus, i, 128; ii, 184
Platyurus, i, 364
Playfair, i, 416
Plecoglossus, i, 260; ii, 62, 115, 117
- figure of, i, 321; ii, 116
plectognath fishes, i, 206
Plectognathi, ii, 9, 40
- series of, ii, 411
Plectognaths, ii, 291, 411
Plectorhynchus, ii, 341
Plectospondyli, ii, 40, 161, 162
plectospondylous, i, 48
Plectromus, ii, 253
Plectropoma, ii, 323
Plesiops, ii, 330, 359
Plethodus, ii, 44
Pleuracanthus, i, 65, 66, 204, 437, 510, 511, 513
- diphycercal tail of, i, 80
- figures of, i, 74, 519, 520
- headbones and teeth of, figured, i, 520
Pleurocanthidæ, i, 519, 520, 522, 566
Pleurogrammus, i, 209
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 439
Pleuronectidæ, i, 290
- family of, ii, 485
Pleuronectinæ, ii, 492
Pleuronectes, i, 391; ii, 493
Pleuronichthys, i, 206, 257; ii, 493
- figure of, i, 441
Pleuropholis, ii, 29
Pleuropterygii, i, 513, 514, 518
Plioplarchus, ii, 304
Plotosidæ, ii, 184
Plotosus, ii, 184
Plumier, i, 389
Pneumatosteus, ii, 32
Podopteryx, ii, 457
Podothecus, ii, 453
pond-skipper,
- figure of, i, 118; ii, 466
Pœcilia, ii, 199
Pœciliidæ, 22, 125; ii, 194, 198, 199, 201, 213
- figure of, i, 126
Pœcilodus, i, 531
Poey, i, 376, 415
- portrait of, i, 413
Pogonias, i, 595; ii, 354, 357
- figure of, ii, 358
Pogonichthys, ii, 169
poison fishes, i, 180-185, 236
- figure of, i, 229; ii, 436
poison glands, ii, 177, 527
- in catfishes, ii, 182
- Günther on, ii, 527, 528, 529
poisonous fishes, ii, 325, 335
- diseases arising from, i, 183
- varieties of, i, 180, 182, 183
Polistotrema,
- figure of, i, 489
Pollachius, i, 209; ii, 537
pollack,
- figure of, ii, 537
Pollard, i, 595, 600
Polycentridæ, ii, 358
Polyclinidæ, i, 477
Polydactylus,
- figure of, ii, 225
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 89; ii, 225
Polygnathus,
- figure of, i, 486
Polymixia, i, 122; ii, 257
Polymixiidæ,
- family of, ii, 256
Polynemidæ, i, 122; 11, 215, 224
Polynemus, i, 393
Polyodon, i, 199, 253, 302, 452, 534, 566, 622, 623; ii, 22
- figure of, ii, 22
Polyodontidæ, i, 290; ii, 20, 21, 22
Polyospondyli, i, 509, 530, 561
Polypteridæ, i, 602, 605
- Boulenger on, i, 608
Polypterus, i, 76, 79, 88, 89, 204, 450, 600, 601, 603, 606, 616; ii, 2
- figure of, i, 79, 602, 607
- shoulder-girdle of, figured, i, 600
Polyrhizodus, i, 555
Polystylidæ, i, 476
Pomacanthus, ii, 403, 405
- figure of, ii, 403
Pomacentridæ, i, 206, 209; ii, 380, 381, 382
- organs of smell in, i, 115
Pomacentrus, i, 235; ii, 383
- figure of, ii, 382
- species of, ii, 383
Pomadasis, ii, 341, 342
Pomatomidæ, ii, 278
Pomatomus, ii, 278
- figure of, i, 324
pomfret, ii, 286
Pomolobus, i, 300; ii, 49, 53
- figure of, i, 455; ii, 50
Pomotis, i, 302; ii, 379
Pomoxis, i, 302; ii, 297
- figure of, ii, 297, 298
pompon, ii, 341
pond-skipper,
- figure of, i, 118
pond-smelt, ii, 124
poolfishes, i, 159
pope, ii, 309
poppy-fish, ii, 283
Popular Science Monthly,
- reference to, ii, 69
porbeagle, i, 537
porc des rivières, ii, 369
porcupine-fish, i, 19, 197; ii, 422, 423
- figure of, i, 17; ii, 422
porgy, i, 239; ii, 342
- varieties of, ii, 344
Porichthys, i, 121, 190, 191, 192; ii, 526
- figure of, i, 23; ii, 526
- Greene on, i, 190; ii, 526
- luminous organs of, i, 172
- phosphorescent organs of, i, 191
porkfish, ii, 341
- figure of, ii, 341
portal vein, i, 108
Portheus, ii, 48
- skeleton of, ii, 47
Port Jackson shark,
- eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
portugais, ii, 405
Portuguese man-of-war,
- figure of, i, 160
Porcus, ii, 183
postembryonic development of fishes, i, 132
posterior limbs, i, 53
postero-temporal, i, 90
post-temporal, i, 88, 90
Potamorrhaphis, ii, 211
Powrie, i, 424
predatory fishes, i, 116; ii, 164
premaxillary,
- figure of, i, 55
preopercle, i, 45
preservation of fishes,
- Günther on, i, 431
- methods of, i, 431, 432
Priacanthidæ, ii, 333
Priacanthus, ii, 333
- figure of, ii, 331
Pribilof sculpin,
- figure of, ii, 446
Priem, i, 427
priestfish,
- figure of, ii, 430
Prime,
- on crab-eater as game fish, ii, 282
primitive fishes,
- brain of, i, 112
- skeleton of, i, 54
primitive herring-like fishes, i, 454
primitive sharks, i, 511
- orders of, i, 513
Prionace, i, 542
Prionodus, i, 488
Prionodes, ii, 329
Prionotus, i, 246; ii, 283
- figure of, ii, 456
Prionurus, ii, 409
Priscacara, ii, 381
Pristipoma, i, 375
Pristididæ, i, 549
Pristodontidæ, i, 555
Pristiophoridæ,
- family of, i, 548, 549
Pristiophorus, i, 199
- figure of, i, 201, 548
Pristis, i, 199, 548
- figure of, i, 200
Pristiurus, i, 70
proach, ii, 445
Proantigonia, ii, 400
Proballostomus, ii, 201
problem of highest fishes,
- Gill on, i, 383
problem of Oatka Creek, i, 282
process of natural selection, i, 297, 302
Prochanos, ii, 45
Prognathodes, ii, 404
Progymnodon, ii, 423
Prolebias, ii, 201
Promethichthys, ii, 267
Promicrops, ii, 323
pronephros, i, 619; ii, 5, 8
Pronotocanthus, ii, 157
Propristis, i, 550
propterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523
Prosarthri, i, 509, 526
proscapula, i, 89
prosencephalon, i, 109
- figure of, i, 111
Protamia, ii, 36
Protaulopsis, ii, 233
protection,
- through poisonous flesh, i, 182
- of young, i, 128
protective,
- coloration, i, 226
- markings, i, 228
Proteus, i, 600
Protocatostomus, ii, 56
protocercal tail, i, 81, 598
- Wyman on, i, 81
Protochordata, i, 460-466
Protonotacanthidæ, ii, 157
Protopterus, i, 82, 85, 100, 204, 450, 613, 616, 617
- figure of, i, 622
Protoselachii, i, 523
Protosphyræna, ii, 34
Protosphyrænidæ, ii, 34
Prostospondyli, ii, 23, 34
Protosyngnathus, ii, 233
Prototroctes, i, 252; ii, 128
protozoan parasites, i, 342
Provençal i, 95
Psammobatis, i, 553
Psammodus, i, 558, 559
Psammosteidæ, i, 574
Psenes, ii, 285
Psenopsis, ii, 284
Psephodus, i, 531
Psephurus, i, 199, 253, 452, 622, 623
- figure of, ii, 21
Psettidæ, ii, 291
Psettus, ii, 398, 400
- figure of, ii, 399
Pseudecheneis, ii, 184
Pseudeleginus, ii, 502
Pseudobagrus, ii, 183
Pseudoberyx, ii, 52
Pseudoblennius, i, 260; ii, 448
pseudobranch, ii, 7
pseudobranchiæ, i, 92
Pseudocheilinus, ii, 390
Pseudochromipidæ, ii, 359
Pseudogaleus, i, 533
Pseudojulis, ii, 389
Pseudolabrus, ii, 390
Pseudomonacanthus, ii, 415
Pseudopleuronectes, i, 174; ii, 493
- larval figures of, i, 176; ii, 483
Pseudopriacanthus, ii, 332, 333
- figure of, ii, 332
Pseudorhombus, ii, 492
Pseudoscaphirhynchus, ii, 18, 20
Pseudoscarus, i, 329; ii, 394, 396
- figure of, i, 330
Pseudosciæna, i, 169; ii, 355, 356
Pseudotriakidæ,
- family of, i, 536
Pseudotriakis, i, 536
Pseudovomer, ii, 278, 286
Pseudogobio, i, 416
Pseudupeneus, ii, 352
- figure of, i, 122, 329; ii, 351
Psychrolutes, i, 219; ii, 441, 447, 449
- figure of, i, 221; ii, 451
Psychromaster, ii, 315
Pteraclidæ, ii, 286, 291
Pteraclis, ii, 286
Pteraspidæ, i, 570
Pteraspis, i, 569, 571, 591, 622
- figure of, i, 575
Pterichthyodes, i, 444, 622
- figure of, i, 576
Pterichthys, i, 581
Pterogobius,
- figure of, ii, 462
Pterois, i, 180, 202; ii, 434
- figure of, ii, 435
Pterophryne, ii, 550
- figure of, ii, 549
- species of, ii, 550
Pteroplatea, i, 556
Pteropsaridæ, ii, 502
Pteropsaron,
- figure of, ii, 502
Pterothrissidæ, ii, 46
- described, ii, 46
Pterothrissus, ii, 46
Pterophryne,
- figure of, i, 52
pterygials, ii, 1
Pterygocephalus, ii, 513
pterygoid, i, 606
Ptilichthyidæ, ii, 513
Ptilichthys,
- figure of, ii, 514
Ptychochelius, i, 164, 304; ii, 169
- figure of, i, 162
Ptychoderidæ, i, 465
Ptychodus, i, 557
Ptycholepis, ii, 26
- figure of, ii, 28
ptychopterygium, i, 510, 512
Ptychodus, i, 566
pudding-wife, ii, 388
pudiano, ii, 388
puffer, inflated,
- figure of, ii, 420
puffers, i, 206, 236;
- figure of, ii, 419, 420
- silver, ii, 419
- tiger, ii, 423
pugnacity of fishes, i, 162
pug-nosed eel, ii, 148
- figure of, ii, 149
Putnam, i, 405; ii, 522
Pycnodonti, ii, 13
Pycnodontidæ, ii, 22
Pycnodus, ii, 22
Pygæidæ, ii, 405
Pygæus, ii, 405, 410
Pygidiidæ, ii, 185, 186
Pygopterus, ii, 14
Pygosteus, ii, 231
pyloric cæca, i, 26, 32
Pyrosoma, i, 477
Pyrosomidæ, i, 477
quadrate, i, 606
Quassilabia, ii, 174
Quensel, i, 396
Querimana, ii, 222
questions,
- by Agassiz, i, 284
- by Cope, i, 288
quiescent fishes, i, 158
quillfish,
- the, ii, 513
- figure of, ii, 514
quinnat salmon, i, 150, 301; ii, 68, 73-76
- figure of, i, 354; ii, 69, 79
- young male figured, i, 355
rabbit-fishes,
- figure of, ii, 423
Rabirubia, ii, 337
Rachycentridæ,
- family of, ii, 282
Rachycentron, ii, 470, 468
- figure of, ii, 282
Rafinesque, i, 395; ii, 315
- on imaginary garpike, i, 364, 366
ragfishes, the, ii, 285
- Ogilby on, ii, 285
rainbow darter, ii, 315
rainbow trout, ii, 96-98, 100
- figure of, i, 326; ii, 98, 99
Raja, i, 72, 129, 391, 549
- figure of, i, 448, 552
Rajidæ, i, 551, 553
Ranicipitidæ, ii, 539
Rangeley trout, ii, 109
- figure of, i, 326
Raniceps, ii, 539
Ranzania, i, 84, 412
- figure of, ii, 425
Rapp, i, 411
Rascasio, ii, 433
ratfish, i, 564
Rathke, i, 428; ii, 144
rat-tail, i, 209; ii, 441, 540
Ray, i, 390
ray, i, 9, 24, 35, 117, 508, 509, 549
- electric organs of, i, 186
razor-back sucker, ii, 174
- figure of, ii, 175
razor-fish,
- figure of, ii, 388
recognition marks, i, 7, 231, 232
records of fishes, i, 433
red charr, ii, 108
red drum,
- figure of, ii, 356
redeye, ii, 168
Redfield, i, 423
redfin, ii, 166
Redfieldius, ii, 16
redfish, ii, 68, 324, 355, 388
- figure of, ii, 389
red goatfish, ii, 35
- figure of, i, 329
red grouper, ii, 324
- figure of, ii, 325
red hind, ii, 324
- figure of, ii, 326
red-mouth grunt, ii, 340
red mullet, ii, 352
red mumea, ii, 335
red parrot-fish,
- figure of, ii, 393
red porgy, ii, 343
red rockfish, ii, 429
red rock-trout, ii, 440
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
red salmon, ii, 69, 71, 82
- figure of, ii, 70, 76
red snapper, ii, 330, 335
red tai, ii, 349
- figure of, ii, 342
red-throated trout, ii, 102
red voraz, ii, 338
red wrasse, ii, 387
Reed, ii, 112, 113
- on trout-fishing, ii, 112
Regalecidæ,
- family of, i, 472
Regalecus, i, 361; ii, 425, 472, 473, 479
- figure of, i, 362, 363
Regan, ii, 291
- on Teleostomi, i, 622, 623
Règnè Animal, i, 400
Reighard, i, 428
- on lampreys, i, 491
Reinhardt, i, 410; ii, 127
- portrait of, i, 409
Reinhardtius, ii, 491
Reis, i, 427, 428, 571
relations of fish faunas,
- Japan and Mediterranean, i, 270
relationships,
- of Chimæras, i, 563
- of Palæspondylus, i, 593, 595
relation of vertebræ to temperature, i, 202
Remora, i, 197; ii, 468, 469
Remorina, ii, 469
Remoropsis, ii, 469
Remsberg,
- photograph by, i, 362
Renard, i, 396
reproduction of lost parts, i, 150
Requins, i, 540
resemblances of fish faunas, i, 259, 260
respiration, i, 91-108
Retropinna, i, 252; ii, 123
Retzius, i, 428
Rhabdofario, ii, 62, 118
Rhacochilus, ii, 375
- figure of, ii, 374
Rhacolepis, ii, 44
Rhadinichthys, ii, 14
Rhamphognathus, ii, 218
Rhamphocottidæ, ii, 449
Rhamphocottus, ii, 449
- figure of, ii, 451
Rhamphosidæ, ii, 234
Rhamphosus, ii, 234
Rhegnopteri,
- order of, ii, 224
Rheopresbe, i, 256; ii, 445
Rhina, i, 551
Rhinæ,
- suborder of, i, 547
Rhineastes, ii, 186
Rhinellidæ, ii, 134
Rhinellus, ii, 134
- figure of, ii, 134
Rhineodon, i, 540
Rhineodontidæ, i, 540
Rhinesomus, i, 377
Rhinichthys, i, 283, 307
- figure of, i, 342; ii, 164
Rhinidæ, i, 551
Rhinobatidæ, i, 551
- family of, i, 550
Rhinobatis, i, 553
- figure of, i, 551
Rhinochimæra, i, 199, 566
Rhinochimæridæ, i, 565
Rhinoptera, i, 557
Rhinotriacis, i, 541
Rhipidistia, i, 602
Rhizodontidæ, i, 603
Rhizodopsis, i, 603
Rhodeus, i, 129; ii, 164
Rhombochirus,
- figure of, ii, 469
Rhomboganoidea, ii, 24
Rhomboplites, ii, 337
Rhombus, ii, 486
Rhyacichthyidæ, ii, 504
Rhyacichthys, ii, 504
Rhynchias, ii, 522
Rhynchobdella, ii, 532
Rhynchodus, i, 566
Rhynchorhinus, ii, 150
ribbon-fish, ii, 471, 475, 485
- Goode on, ii, 475
rice-field eels, ii, 141
Richardson, i, 408, 418; ii, 64
- on whitefish, i, 322
Richardson's sculpin,
- figure of, ii, 451
Rio Grande trout,
- figure of, ii, 106
Risso, i, 395
Rissola,
- figure of, ii, 520
Ritter,
- on ascidians, i, 474
- on Enteropneusta, i, 464
river-bullhead,
- spawning of, i, 166
river-drum, ii, 354, 355
river-fishes,
- dispersion of, i, 297-319
river-ruff, ii, 309
river-sculpin, ii, 445
river-sheepshead, ii, 354
river-trout, ii, 94
river-wolf, ii, 190
Rivulus, i, 314
roach, ii, 163, 168
robalito, ii, 320
robalo, the, i, 320, 355
- figure of, ii, 319, 324
Roccus, i, 291, 324; ii, 321, 330
- bones of, i, 35
- cranium of, i, 36-39
- figures of, i, 35-39, 46, 48
Roche, i, 396
rock-bass, i, 4; ii, 297
- figure of, ii, 299
- skull of, figured, ii, 296
rock-beauty, ii, 404
- figure of, ii, 405
rock-cod, i, 203; ii, 429
rock-cook, ii, 387
rockfish, i, 94, 125, 159; ii, 321, 429, 431
- figure of, i, 218
rock-hind, i, 19; ii, 324
- figure of, i, 29
rocklings, i, 209; ii, 520, 539
rock-pilots, the, ii, 381
rock-pool fishes,
- figure of, i, 294
rock-skipper, ii, 510
- figure of, ii, 509
Rocky Mountains,
- barriers to dispersion, i, 305
Rohon, i, 427, 428
romero, ii, 272
roncador, ii, 353, 355, 356
ronco amarilla, ii, 340
ronco arará, ii, 340
Rondelet, i, 361, 388
- on sea-monster, i, 360
Rondeletiidæ, ii, 132
Ronquilus, ii, 502
ronquils, ii, 502
rosefishes, i, 125; ii, 428
- figure of, ii, 427
Rosenthal, i, 428
rothfisch, ii, 106
rough-headed sea-robin, ii, 457
roundfish, ii, 63
round-herring, ii, 52
round-minnow,
- figure of, ii, 196
round-robin, ii, 274
rousettes, i, 533
Rudarius,
- figure of, i, 241
rudder-fish, ii, 273, 285, 349, 350
- figure of, ii, 349
runners, ii, 272
Rüppell, i, 411
Rusconi,
- on external gills, i, 77
Russell, i, 396; ii, 473
rusty-dab, ii, 493
Rutilus, ii, 164, 168
Rutter, i, 422; ii, 69, 84
- photograph by, i, 355
Ruvettus, ii, 267
Ryder, i, 408, 428
- on embryos, i, 64
- on nest-building, ii, 229
- on paired limbs, i, 66
- on tail forms, i, 81, 84
Rypticus,
- figure of, ii, 330
saboti, ii, 304
Saccopharynx, ii, 136, 157
Sacramento perch, i, 179
- figure of, i, 258
Sagenodus, i, 613
sailfish, ii, 268
sailor-fish, i, 199
St. Ambrose, ii, 120
- on Thymallus, ii, 120
St. Hilaire, i, 396, 428
St. John, i, 426
Salangidæ, ii, 127
Salanx, i, 146; ii, 123, 127, 128
- figure of, i, 147; ii, 128
sälbling, ii, 108
Salar, ii, 90, 93
Salarias, i, 208, 271; ii, 510, 511
salema, ii, 346
Salmo, i, 291, 304, 305, 316-318, 332, 345, 346, 378, 391; ii, 62, 68, 89, 94-96, 98
- figure of, i, 326; ii, 98, 99, 101, 104-106
- general description, ii, 89
- tail of, figured, ii, 486
salmon, i, 21, 25, 28, 39, 53, 146, 204, 209, 249, 256, 290, 440; ii, 67-69, 94, 107, 128, 159
- artificial propagation of, ii, 88
- ascent of cascades, ii, 76
- Callbreath on, ii, 89
- colors of, ii, 78
- family of, i, 61-119
- habits in ocean, ii, 73
- method of descent of stream, ii, 78
- mutilation of, ii, 75, 76
- nest of, ii, 78
- packing of, ii, 87
- scales of, i, 21
- sexual distortion in, i, 129
- spawning changes in, ii, 89
- spawning of, ii, 78-80
- spring running, ii, 73
- white-meated, ii, 78
- of Yukon, i, 73
salmonete, i, 329
- figure of, ii, 351
salmon fishery,
- of Japan, ii, 81
- output of, ii, 87
salmon fry,
- liberation of, ii, 84
- marking of, ii, 84
Salmonidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, 61-119, 127, 130, 161, 190
Salmonoidea, ii, 41, 61
salmonoids, ii, 94, 107
salmon pack,
- estimate of, ii, 80
salmon roe, ii, 76
salmon shark, i, 447, 537
salmon trout, ii, 94, 105, 114
Salmopercæ, ii, 241-249
- suborder of, ii, 241
Salpa, i, 477; ii, 348
Salpidæ, i, 477
Salvelini, ii, 95, 106
Salvelinus, i, 282, 306, 307, 311; ii, 62, 95, 99, 107, 108-110, 112-114
- description of, ii, 107
- figure of, i, 326; ii, 110, 111
samarang, i, 408
Samaris, ii, 489
samlet,
- figure of, ii, 116
Sancassini, ii, 144
Sandalodus, i, 531
sand-dab, ii, 491
sand-darter, ii, 313
- figure of, i, 158; ii, 313
sandfishes, ii, 364
- figure of, ii, 364
sand-lance,
- figure of, ii, 521
sand-pike, ii, 308
sand-roller,
- figure of, ii, 241
Sandroserrus, ii, 309
Sandrus, ii, 309
sandstone,
- fragment figured, i, 435
sand-sucker, ii, 357
sand-whiting, ii, 357
San Pedro fish, ii, 244
São Paulo, ii, 162
Saprolegnia, i, 353; ii, 76
- surface on, i, 354
sarcastic blenny,
- figure of, ii, 507
Sarda, i, 210; ii, 264
Sardinella, i, 204, 327, 332; ii, 50
sardines, i, 199, 268; ii, 50
Sardinia, i, 204
Sardiniodes, ii, 134
Sardinius, ii, 44
Sargassum fish,
- figure of, i, 52; ii, 549
sargo, ii, 345
Sars, ii, 535
saucer-eye porgy,
- figure of, ii, 345
sauger,
- figure of, ii, 309
Sauripterus, i, 603
Saurocephalus, ii, 48
Saurodon, ii, 48
Saurodontidæ, ii, 48
Sauropsida, i, 601
Sauropsis, ii, 34
Saurorhynchidæ, ii, 17
Saurorhynchus, ii, 17
saury,
- figure of, ii, 212
sausolele,
- figure of, ii, 435
Sauvage, i, 412, 427
savalo, ii, 43
sawfish, i, 199, 548
- figure of, i, 550
saw-shark, i, 549
- figure of, i, 201, 548
scabbard-fishes, ii, 267
Scænidæ, i, 206
scales of fish,
- classification of, i, 20
- figure of, i, 21, 22
scamp, ii, 327
Scapanorhinus,
- snout figured, i, 536
Scaphirhynchus, i, 253, 452; ii, 18, 20
Scardinius, ii, 168
Scaridæ, ii, 390, 393, 396
Scaridea, ii, 391
Scartichthys,
- figure of, i, 294; ii, 510
Scarus, ii, 352, 391, 393, 396
- figure of, ii, 394
- jaws of, figured, ii, 393
- pharyngeals of, i, 47, 48; ii, 393
Scatophagus, ii, 400
Scaumenacia, i, 612
Schedophilus, ii, 285
Schilbiosus,
- figure of, i, 179
Schilbeodes, i, 180, 202; ii, 177, 182
- figure of, ii, 182
- structure of, ii, 177
Schizocardium, i, 465
Schlegel, i, 414
Schmidt, i, 411
Schnäbel, ii, 63
Schnapper, ii, 343
Schneider, i, 398
schoolmaster, ii, 336
schoolmaster-snapper,
- figure of, i, 440
Schomburgk, i, 415
Schöpf, i, 395
Sciæna, i, 391; ii, 356-358
Sciænidæ, i, 290; ii, 225, 353-355, 358
Sciænops, ii, 355
- figure of, ii, 356
Sclerodermi, ii, 398, 411, 412
scleroderms, ii, 412, 415
Scoliodon, i, 542
Scolopsis, ii, 342
Scomber, i, 94, 210, 391; ii, 260, 262, 266
- figure of, i, 332; ii, 260
Scomberoides, ii, 272, 470
Scomberomorus, i, 210, 322; ii, 264, 266
- figure of, ii, 264
Scomberosomus,
- figure of, i, 322
Scomberidea, ii, 258, 271
Scombramphodon, ii, 266
Scombresox, ii, 211, 214
- figure of, i, 212
Scombridæ, i, 210; ii, 258, 272, 470
- family of, ii, 259
scombriform fishes, i, 209
Scombrinus, ii, 266
Scombroclupea, ii, 52
Scombroidea,
- suborder of, ii, 258
Scombroidei, ii, 291, 484, 485
scombroids, ii, 485
Scombropidæ, ii, 317
Scombrops, ii, 317
scopeloid, ii, 474
Scopelus, ii, 133
Scophthalmus, ii, 486, 488
Scopoli, i, 396
Scorpæna, i, 180, 211, 391; ii, 429, 432, 433, 438
- figure of, i, 433, 434
Scorpænichthys, ii, 442
- skull of, figured, i, 427
Scorpænidæ, i, 94, 207, 211; ii, 363, 426, 435, 441, 503
- family of, i, 426, 448
Scorpænopsis, ii, 434
Scorpænopterus, ii, 436
Scorpididæ, ii, 397, 398, 400
Scorpis, ii, 398, 400
scorpion-fishes, i, 207, 429; ii, 426, 433
Scudder, i, 405
sculpin, i, 21, 219, 257, 290, 429, 440; ii, 363, 441, 445, 447-449
- buffalo, ii, 443
- daddy, ii, 445
- eighteen-spined, ii, 446
- great, ii, 442
- little, ii, 446
- long-horned, ii, 447
- Pribilof, ii, 446
- red, ii, 443
- Richardson's, ii, 451
- river, ii, 445
- sleek, ii, 451
- stone, ii, 443
scup, ii, 344
- figure of, ii, 343
scutes, i, 570
Scuticaria, ii, 153
Scymnorhinus, i, 546
Scyliorhinidæ, i, 127, 532, 533
Scyliorhinoid shark,
- skull of, figured, i, 56
Scyliorhinus, i, 447, 533
Scyphophori, ii, 188, 207
- order of, ii, 188, 189
Scytalina,
- figure of, ii, 519
Scytalinidæ, ii, 519
sea-bass, i, 135; ii, 320, 323
- figure of, i, 137
sea-bat, ii, 552
sea-catfish, ii, 178
- eggs of, hatched in mouth, ii, 179
- figure of, ii, 179
sea-devil, i, 559; ii, 547
sea-drum, ii, 357
sea-horse, i, 19, 64, 128; ii, 449
- family of, i, 236
- figure of, i, 17
Seale, i, 422
sea-mink, ii, 356
sea-moth, ii, 239
- figure of, ii, 240
sea-poacher, i, 208; ii, 449, 453
sea-raven,
- figure of, i, 220; ii, 448
sea-robin, i, 246; ii, 457
- figure of, ii, 456
- rough-headed, ii, 457
- striped, ii, 457
sea-scorpion, ii, 363
- figure of, ii, 434
sea-serpent, i, 361; ii, 471, 473
sea-snail, i, 217; ii, 39, 454
sea-trout, ii, 94
sea-waifs, ii, 133
sea weed, ii, 512
sebago, ii, 92
Sebastapistes, ii, 434
Sebastes, i, 125, 211; ii, 428
- figure of, i, 218; ii, 427
Sebastichthys, ii, 428, 429, 433
- figure of, ii, 431, 432
Sebastiscus, ii, 432
Sebastodes, i, 125, 211, 219, 375; ii, 428, 429, 431-433, 438
- figure of, ii, 429
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
Sebastolobus, i, 52-55, 211
- cranium of, i, 53
- figure of, ii, 428
- lower jaw of, i, 54
- maxillary of, i, 55
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 52
Sebastopsis, i, 271; ii, 432
Sectator, i, 271; ii, 350
Seeley, i, 410
Segemehl, i, 97
segments of Dibothrium figured, ii, 103
selachians, i, 572, 592
Selachii, i, 382, 507-509; ii, 9
Selachostomi, i, 623; ii, 13
- order of, ii, 20
Selenaspis,
- clavicle of, i, 87
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 86
Selene, ii, 276
- development of, figured, i, 148
- Lütken on, i, 144
- skeleton of, figured, i, 55
Selenichthyes, ii, 241-249
- suborder of, ii, 243
Selenosteus, i, 588
Selenosteidæ, i, 587
Semicossyphus, ii, 390
Semionotidæ, ii, 23, 24, 26
Semionotus,
- figure of, ii, 24
Semiophoridæ, ii, 245
Semiophorus, ii, 245
- figure of, ii, 246
Semon, i, 428
Semotilus, i, 282; ii, 167
- figure of, i, 285; ii, 268
señorita, ii, 388
sense organs, i, 115-123
sense of pain, i, 123
sense of taste, i, 121
sense of touch, i, 121
sensorium, i, 153
sensory nerves, i, 153
Sergeant Baker, ii, 130
sergeant-fish,
- figure of, ii, 282
Seriola, ii, 272, 278
- figure of, i, 459; ii, 273
Seriphus, ii, 354
serran, ii, 329
Serrana, ii, 357
Serranellus, ii, 329
Serranidæ, i, 206, 209, 259, 290; ii, 258, 293, 319, 320, 324, 327, 328, 330, 331, 333, 359, 363
serrano, ii, 327, 328
Serranus, ii, 328, 363
Serrasalmo, ii, 161, 162
Sertulariæ, ii, 544
sese de lo alto, ii, 336
sesele, ii, 304
Setarches, ii, 433
setiform, i, 30
sexual coloration, i, 230
sexual modification,
- in colors, i, 129
- in structure, i, 129
shad, ii, 50, 53, 147
shad waiter, ii, 63
shagreen grains, i, 570
sharks, i, 21, 23, 24, 28, 53, 75, 445, 446, 519, 523, 542, 543, 545, 546
- air-bladder wanting in, i, 506
- distribution of, i, 459
- eggs of, i, 127, 433
- fossil teeth of, i, 546
- jaws of, i, 35
- pectoral limbs of, i, 60, 66
- phosphorescent, i, 189
- primitive, i, 510, 511
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 507
- skull of, i, 56, 57
shark-sucker, i, 197; ii, 468, 469
sharp-nosed flying-fish,
- figure of, ii, 213
Shasta, ii, 97
Shaw, i, 398
sheatfish, ii, 182, 183
sheepshead, i, 30, 324; ii, 345, 346
- figure of, i, 31; ii, 346
shibi, ii, 263
shiner, i, 283; ii, 163, 168
- figure of, ii, 168
shiro-uwo, ii, 127, 467
Shooter,
- head-fish taken by, ii, 424
shore-fishes, i, 245
- distribution of, i, 263-265
short-nosed garpike,
- figure of, i, 452
shoulder girdle, i, 42, 50
- of batfish, ii, 551
- of buffalo-fish, ii, 160
- figure of, i, 51, 52, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70, 86, 88, 89, 600; ii, 225, 227
- figure of fossil, i, 521
- of flounder figured, i, 58; ii, 2
- of Ictiobus ii, 160
- inner view of, ii, 160
- of Neoceratodus, i, 609
- of Opah figured, ii, 243
- of Polypterus, i, 70
- of Sebastolobus figured, i, 52
- in sharks, i, 507
- in true eel, ii, 141
shovel-nosed sturgeon i, 253
shrimp, ii, 147
shrimpfishes, ii, 234
- figure of, ii, 235
Shufeldt,
- photographs by, i, 7, 13, 137; ii, 181, 305, 333
Siebold, i, 411, 414
sierra, ii, 266
Siganidæ, ii, 409, 410
Siganus, ii, 410
sight organs, i, 116-118
significance,
- of resemblance, i, 259
- of rare forms, i, 262
Sillaginidæ, ii, 358
sillago, ii, 358
silk-snapper, ii, 336
Siluridæ, i, 149, 205, 280, 290, 293; ii, 60, 178, 182, 186
siluroid, i, 290; ii, 529
Silurus, i, 391; ii, 182
silverfin,
- figure of, i, 457; ii, 166
silver-jaw minnow, ii, 165
- figure of, ii, 165
silver-jenny, ii, 348
silver-king, ii, 43
silver-perch, ii, 342
silver-salmon, ii, 68, 71, 73, 87
silversides, i, 290; ii, 215
- figure of, ii, 217
silver surf-fish,
- figure of, i, 309; ii, 375
silver-tail, ii, 512
silvery anchovy,
- figure of, ii, 54
silvery puffer,
- figure of, ii, 419
Simenchelyidæ, ii, 148
Simenchelys, ii, 148
- figure of, ii, 149
Sindo, i, 418, 422
singing-fish, i, 121
- figure of, i, 23; ii, 526
- species of, ii, 526
Siniperca, ii, 320
sinus impar, i, 120
sinus venosus, i, 108
Siphonognathidæ, ii, 390
Siphonognathus, ii, 390
Siphonostoma, ii, 236
Sirembo, ii, 524
Sirenoidei, i, 612
- order of, i, 613
sisco, ii, 66, 67
siscowet, ii, 66, 115
Sisoridæ, ii, 184
skates, i, 28, 551, 552
skeleton of cowfish,
- figure of, ii, 418
skeleton of fish, i, 10, 34-61
- of cowfish, i, 215
- of Chimæra, i, 564
- parts of, i, 35, 36
- primitive, i, 54
- of pike figured, i, 203
- of red rockfish, i, 214
- of Selene figured, i, 55
- of shark, i, 57
- of spiny-rayed fish, i, 214
skilfishes, ii, 438
- figure of, ii, 438
skin-peeler, ii, 415
skipjack, ii, 50
skippers,
- Couch on, ii, 211
skipping-goby, i, 117
skittle-dogs, i, 545
skull,
- of Anarrhichthys, ii, 517
- autostylic, i, 57
- figure of, ii, 296
- of haddock, ii, 536
- hyostylic, i, 56, 508
- of rock-bass, ii, 296
- of Scorpænichthys figured, ii, 427
- of shark figured, i, 56
sleek-sculpin,
- figure of, i, 221; ii, 451
sleeper-shark, i, 547
sleepy Argentine, ii, 134
slippery Dick, ii, 388
- figure of, i, 297; ii, 180, 396
Sloane, i, 389
small-mouthed bass,
- figure of, i, 325; ii, 303
smear-dab, ii, 494
smelt, ii, 66, 91, 120-138
- figure of, ii, 123
Smerdis, ii, 310, 330
Smith, i, 416, 419, 608
- on Arctic species, i, 317
Smitt, i, 410
snailfish, ii, 455
snake-blennies, ii, 512
snake-eels, ii, 150
- figure of, i, 233
snake-headed China-fish, ii, 371
- figure of, i, 150; ii, 371
snake-headed mullets, ii, 370
snapper, ii, 333, 335, 338
- diamond, ii, 337
- gray, ii, 334, 335
- lane, ii, 336
- mahogany, ii, 337
- mangrove, ii, 335
- mutton, ii, 335
- red, ii, 335
- silk, ii, 336
- true, ii, 337
- yellow-tail, ii, 337
snipe-eels, ii, 151
snipefishes, ii, 234
Snodgrass, i, 422; ii, 423
snooks, ii, 282, 320
snowy grouper,
- figure of, ii, 329
Snyder, i, 418, 420
Snyderina,
- figure of, ii, 437
soapfishes, ii, 330
- figure of, ii, 330
sobaco, ii, 413
sockeye, ii, 69
soft-rayed fishes, i, 204; ii, 39
soi, ii, 429
soldados, ii, 253
Solander, i, 395
soldier-fish, ii, 315
- family of, ii, 253
- figure of, ii, 254
Solea, i, 327; ii, 487, 496
Soleidæ, i, 290; ii, 495, 499
Soleinæ, ii, 496
Solenostomidæ,
- family of, ii, 236
Solenostomus, i, 128; ii, 236
- figure of, ii, 237
soles, ii, 495
- broad, ii, 495
- Day on, ii, 496, 497
- European, ii, 496
- Gill on, ii, 496
- habits of, ii, 496
- hog-choker, ii, 498
- Parker on, ii, 483
Sonnerat, i, 395
Sörensen,
- on elastic spring, i, 97
sounds of fishes, i, 168-170
- Bowring on, i, 168
soup-fin sharks,
- figure of, i, 541
southern zone, i, 253
spadefish, ii, 400
- figure of, i, 325; ii, 401
Spaniodon, ii, 43
Spaniodontidæ, ii, 47
Spanish-flag, ii, 323, 429
Spanish-mackerel, i, 64, 210, 322
- figure of, i, 322; ii, 264
- Goode on, ii, 264, 265
- Mitchill on, ii, 264
Sparidæ, i, 206; ii, 342, 344, 346, 372
- family of, ii, 342
Sparisoma, i, 268; ii, 352, 391, 392, 396
- figure of, ii, 392
- jaws figured, i, 30
Sparnodus, ii, 347
Sparus, i, 259, 263, 391; ii, 346
Spathiurus, ii, 36
Spaulding, ii, 84
- marking of fry by, ii, 84
spawning-grounds,
- return to, ii, 82
spawning of salmon, i, 160
special creation impossible, i, 295
spearfish, i, 199; ii, 469
specialized fishes, i, 249
species, i, 371
- absent through barriers, i, 238
- changed through natural
- selection, ii, 239
- characters of, i, 292
- conditions favorable to, i, 301
- extinction of, i, 239
- meaning of, i, 293, 379
- special creation, i, 295
- transfer of, i, 312
speckled flounder, ii, 488
speckled hind, ii, 324
- figure of, ii, 325
speckled trout,
- figure of, i, 326; ii, 110
Spengel,
- on Enteropneusta, i, 464
Spengelia, i, 465
Spengeliidæ, i, 465
sperling, ii, 123
Sphærodon, i, 268
Sphagebranchus, ii, 151
Sphagepæa, i, 565
sphenial, i, 606
Sphenocephalus, ii, 252
Spheroides, i, 206; ii, 419-421
- figure of, i, 420
Sphyrænidæ, i, 206
- family of, ii, 222
Sphyræna, ii, 221
- figure of, ii, 223
Sphyrænodus, ii, 266
Sphyrna, i, 543
- figure of, i, 544
Sphyrnidæ, i, 543
Spicara, i, 260; ii, 347
Spinacanthidæ, ii, 415
Spinacanthus, ii, 415
Spinachia, ii, 232
spinal cord, i, 112
spineless trunkfish,
- figure of, i, 378; ii, 417
spines of catfish, i, 179
spiny eels, ii, 157
spiny-rayed fishes, i, 21, 206-208; ii, 39, 208, 307
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
spiracle, i, 92
Spiraculis, i, 393
spiral valve, i, 32
splenial, i, 43
split-tail, ii, 169
Spondyliosoma, i, 260, 267; ii, 348, 350
spookfishes, i, 564
spot, ii, 356
spotted trout, ii, 105
spotted trunkfish, ii, 416
- figure of, i, 377; ii, 417
spotted weakfish,
- figure of, ii, 353
sprat, i, 204; ii, 50, 123
spring salmon, ii, 80
Squalidæ, i, 531, 543, 545, 546, 566
Squaloraja, i, 566
Squalorajidæ, i, 566
Squalus, i, 391
- figure of, i, 545
Squamipinnes, ii, 209, 411
Squamipinus, ii, 397-410
square-tails, ii, 291
Squatina, i, 548
- brain of, figured, i, 547
- pectoral fin figured, i, 56
Squatinidæ, i, 549, 554
squawfish,
- figure of, i, 162; ii, 169
- spawning journey of, i, 164
squeteague, ii, 353
squirrel-fish, ii, 253, 329
Stannius, i, 428
star-gazer, ii, 364, 503
- figure of, i, 187, 504
Starks, C. L.
- drawings of fishes i, 36-39
Starks, E. C., i, 420
- on berycoid skull, ii, 250
- on fish skeleton, i, 39
starry-flounder, ii, 493
- figure of, ii, 495
star-spined ray,
- figure of, i, 448
Stearns, i, 419
steelhead, ii, 94, 96, 99, 100
- figure of, ii, 101
steelhead-trout,
- figure of, i, 327
Steenstrup, i, 410
Stegocephali, i, 606
Stegostoma, i, 533
Stegothalami, i, 584
- Dean on, i, 585
Steindachnerella, ii, 541
Steindachner, i, 411, 414, 427
- portrait of, i, 403
Steindachneria,
- figure of, ii, 541
Steinegeria, ii, 286
Steinegeriidæ, ii, 286
Stelgis,
- figure of, ii, 451
Steller, i, 395; ii, 135
- on quinnat salmon, ii, 68
Stellifer, i, 271; ii, 355
Stenodus, ii, 62, 68
- figure of, ii, 67
Stenotomus, ii, 344
- figure of, ii, 343
Stephanoberycidæ,
- family of, ii, 223
Stephanoberyx, ii, 223
Stephanolepis, ii, 414, 415
- figure of, i, 182, 415
Stereobalanus, i, 465
Stereolepis, ii, 321
Sternoptychidæ, ii, 137
Sternoptyx, i, 357; ii, 137
Stethojulis, ii, 390
Stichæiniæ, ii, 511
Stichæus, ii, 513
- figure of, ii, 513
stickleback, i, 51, 128, 250, 290; ii, 157, 215, 228, 229, 232
- fighting of, i, 165
- figure of, ii, 232
- shoulder-girdle of, ii, 227
- spines of, i, 179
Stieda, i, 428
Stiles,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
stingaree, i, 556
sting-bull, ii, 501
stingfish, ii, 501
sting-rays, i, 84, 267, 549
- figure of, i, 246, 555
- spines of, i, 182
Stizostedion, ii, 308
- figure of, ii, 309
Stolephorus, ii, 52
Stomias,
- figure of, ii, 128
Stomiatidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, 128
Stone, ii, 80
- on rate of travel of salmon, ii, 80
stone-bass, ii, 323
stone-cats, ii, 182
stone-roller, i, 157; ii, 166
- figure of, i, 33; ii, 167
stone-sculpin, ii, 443
stonewall perch, ii, 359, 360
stony-flounder, ii, 482
Storer, i, 418
Storms, i, 427
- on fossil remora, ii, 469
Stratodontidæ, ii, 137
Stratodus, ii, 137
Strinsia, ii, 539
striped-bass, i, 48, 53; ii, 37, 321
- bones of, i, 39, 45
- figure of, i, 35
- tail of, i, 49
- vertebral column of, i, 48
striped-mullet,
- figure of, i, 330
striped sea-robin, ii, 457
Ström, i, 396
Stromateidæ, i, 160; ii, 215, 259, 284, 291, 398, 485
- family of, ii, 283
Stromateus, i, 391; ii, 283, 291
sturgeon, i, 128, 204, 250, 257, 290; ii, 18-21, 159, 160, 182, 186
- child swallowed by, ii, 182
- of Danube, ii, 182
- figure of, ii, 19, 20
- larva of, figured, i, 141
Styela,
- figure of, i, 475, 476
Stygicola, i, 314; ii, 524
Stylephoridæ, ii, 480
Stylephorus, ii, 480
subgenus, i, 373
suborbital stay, i, 44
subspecies, i, 294
sucker, i, 156, 198, 290, 304; ii, 56, 171, 172, 174
- California, ii, 174
- carp, ii, 173
- common, ii, 174
- figure showing parasites, i, 348
- Oregon, ii, 175
- razor-backed, figured, ii, 175
sucking-disks,
- of clingfish, i, 198
sucking-fish,
- figure of, i, 197; ii, 468
Suckley, i, 419
Sudis, ii, 9, 136
Suez Canal, i, 268
sukkegh, ii, 69
Suletind watershed, i, 307
Sulphur, the, i, 408
summer herring,
- figure of, i, 455
Sunapee trout,
- figure of, ii, 109
sunfish, i, 3-15, 28, 209, 290; ii, 37, 297, 424
- banded, ii, 299
- blue-green, i, 26
- common figured, i, 7; ii, 301
- description of, i, 4
- dwarf, ii, 467
- figure of, i, 2, 4, 27
- food of, i, 11
- long-eared, i, 3; ii, 300
- nine-spined, ii, 301
- photograph of, i, 13
- pigmy, ii, 297
supraclavicle, i, 89
Surface,
- on destruction of fish, i, 357
- on lampreys, i, 491-505
- on Saprolegnia, i, 354-356
surf-fish, i, 125, 207, 290; ii, 372, 373
- blue, ii, 375
- silver, ii, 375
- thick-lipped, ii, 374
- wall-eye, ii, 375
- white, ii, 374
surf-shiner, ii, 376
surf-smelt, ii, 123, 124, 127
surf-whiting, ii, 357
surgeon-fish, ii, 407
- lancet of, i, 181
surmullets, i, 122, 198, 322; ii, 351-379
suspensorium of mandible, i, 43
susuki, i, 324; ii, 320
Swain, i, 422
Swainson, i, 410
swallowers, ii, 360
Swammerdam, i, 390
swampy watersheds, i, 314
Swan, ii, 123
- on Mesopus, ii, 123
sweetfish, ii, 115
sweet-perch, ii, 363
swell-sharks, i, 197, 533
swell-toad, ii, 420, 423
swim-bladder, ii, 95
swordfish, i, 169, 199, 210; ii, 269
- adult, figured, ii, 270
- Goode on, ii, 270
- Owen on, ii, 270, 271
- vessels struck by, ii, 270
- young, figured, ii, 269
swordtail-minnow,
- figure of, i, 124; ii, 199
Syacium,
- figure of, ii, 488
Syllæmus, ii, 224
Symbranchia, ii, 140
- order of, ii, 140
Symbranchidæ, ii, 141
Symbranchus, ii, 141
Symphodus, i, 268; ii, 387
Symphurus,
- figure of, ii, 498
symplectic bone, ii, 156
Synagrops, ii, 317
Synanceia, i, 180; ii, 434
- figure of, i, 229
Synaphobranchidæ, ii, 149
Synaphobranchus, ii, 149
- figure of, ii, 149
Synaptura, ii, 497
Synchiropus, ii, 506
Synechodus,
- eggs of, i, 527
Synentognathi, ii, 190, 208-214
- suborder of, ii, 209
Syngnathidæ,
- family of, i, 236
Syngnathus, i, 170, 391; ii, 236
Synodontidæ, ii, 130, 133
Synodontis, ii, 182
Synodus, ii, 190
- figure of, ii, 130
synonymy and priority,
- Coues on, i, 374
Syntegmodus, ii, 44
Syrski, ii, 144, 145
- on eels, ii, 145
Systema Naturæ, i, 373
Tachysurus, ii, 178, 179, 86
Tænioides, ii, 467
Tæniosomi, ii, 292, 459-480
- suborder of, ii, 471, 472
Tæniotoca, ii, 375
Tæniura, i, 557
tahanohadai, ii, 363
Tahoe trout,
- figure of, i, 327; ii, 104
tai-fishing,
- illustration of, i, 338
tail forms, i, 49, 50, 80-85
taiva, ii, 342
Talisman, i, 408; ii, 60
Talismania, ii, 60
Tamiobatidæ, i, 532
Tamiobatis, i, 551
tangs, ii, 407
Tantogolabrus, ii, 387
Tarpon, i, 157, 205; ii, 35, 51
- figure of, ii, 43
Tarrassiidæ, i, 602
Tarrassius, i, 602
tarwhine, ii, 344
tautog, ii, 387
- figure of, ii, 385, 386
Tautoga, i, 207; ii, 385
taxonomy, i, 367, 368
Tectospondyli, i, 448, 510, 513, 519, 545, 549
- order of, i, 543
- Woodward on, i, 543
tectospondylous, i, 49
teeth, i, 29, 30, 201
- of Ceratodus figured, i, 614
- of Chimæra, i, 562
- of Corax, i, 543
- figured, i, 522, 524
- of Janassa, i, 554
- of sharks, i, 515, 527, 529, 537
Teleocephali, i, 405; ii, 39, 40, 209
Teleosteans, i, 384
Teleostei, i, 66, 204, 622, 624; ii, 2, 5, 37
- sympathetic system of, i, 114
Teleostomes, i, 599
Teleostomi, i, 462, 572, 583, 598, 599, 603
- Regan on, i, 622
teleosts, i, 35, 135, 139, 141, 204, 569; ii, 1, 3, 4, 159
Telepholis, ii, 133
Telescopias, ii, 317
- figure of, ii, 318
teleotemporal, i, 90
Temnothoraci, i, 584, 586
temperature,
- affecting distribution, i, 242
tenacity of life in fishes, i, 146, 147, 149
tench, ii, 168
tengudai, ii, 333
tengusame, i, 534
ten-pounder, ii, 35, 43
- figure of, i, 454; ii, 42
Terapon, ii, 342
Teraponidæ, ii, 342
Tertiary fishes, i, 440
Tertiary ganoids, ii, 140
tessellated darter,
- figure of, ii, 312
tessellated teeth, i, 30, 549
Tetragonolepis, i, 24
- figure of, ii, 26
Tetragonopterus, i, 314; ii, 161, 162, 381
Tetragonuridæ, ii, 215
- family of, ii, 291
Tetragonurus, ii, 291
Tetraodon, i, 169, 197, 206, 236, 393, 611; ii, 420
- figure of, i, 183, 244; ii, 421, 422
Tetraodontidæ, i, 182; ii, 421
- family of, ii, 419
Tetrapturus, i, 257; ii, 269
Tetrarhynchus, ii, 134
Tetronarce, i, 554
Teuthidæ, ii, 291
Teuthididæ, ii, 407, 409
Teuthis, i, 268, 271, 293; ii, 407
- figure of, i, 181; ii, 407, 408
Thacher,
- on paired limbs, i, 70
thalamencephalon, ii, 6, 8
Thalassoma, i, 207, 267, 271; ii, 389
Thalassophryne, i, 180; ii, 526, 527
- poison organ of, ii, 528, 529
- structure of, ii, 527, 528
Thalassothia, ii, 526
Thaleichthys, ii, 124
- figure of, i, 320; ii, 19, 124
- sketch of, ii, 125
Thaliacea, i, 477
Thaumaturus, ii, 119
Thelodontidæ, i, 574, 579
Thelodus, i, 570, 573
Theragra, i, 209
- figure of, ii, 537
Therobromus, ii, 127
Thetis, the, i, 410
thick-lipped surf-fish,
- figure of, i, 374
Tholichthys, i, 144; ii, 402
Thollière, i, 427
Thompson, i, 410, 418
Thoracici, i, 393; ii, 39
Thoracies, ii, 209
Thoreau, ii, 190, 308
thread-eel, ii, 151, 152
- figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, 152
threadfins, i, 122; ii, 215, 224
- figure of, ii, 225
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 89; ii, 225
threadfish, ii, 276
threadhead worms, i, 351
thread-herring, ii, 51, 53
three-forked hake, ii, 539
three-spined stickleback,
- figure of, ii, 232
thresher-shark, i, 536
Thrissopater, ii, 43
Thrissops, ii, 41
Thryptodontidæ, ii, 44
Thryptodus, ii, 44
Thunberg, i, 416
thunder-pumper, ii, 354, 355
Thunnus, i, 210, 272; ii, 262
Thursius, i, 604
Thwaite shad, ii, 50
Thyestes, i, 576
Thymallidæ, ii, 120
Thymallus, i, 305; ii, 120, 121, 122
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 120, 122
Thyrsites, ii, 267
Thyrsitocephalus, ii, 267
tide pools of Misaki,
- view of, i, 161
tiger-puffer, ii, 423
tiger-sharks, i, 533
Tilapia, ii, 380
tilefish, ii, 361
- catastrophe to, ii, 362
- Collins on, ii, 362
- Gill on, ii, 361, 362
Tilesius, i, 396, 416
Tinca, i, 345; ii, 168, 175
tiñosa, ii, 276
Tiphle, ii, 236
Titanichthyidæ, i, 587
Titanichthys, i, 583, 587, 589
Titicaca Lake,
- peculiar fish from, ii, 201
toadfish, ii, 525, 526
- Brazilian, ii, 526
- poison, ii, 526
- poison-organs of, i, 180
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
tomcod, ii, 537
- figure of, ii, 538
tomtates, ii, 341
tongue-fish, ii, 488, 497
tooth,
- of Hybodus, figured, i, 528
- of Lamnidæ, i, 538
topknot, ii, 488
top-minnow, i, 118; ii, 198, 199, 467
- figure of, ii, 198
toque, ii, 114
torabuku, ii, 423
tori, ii, 6
Tornaria,
- figure of, i, 463
torpedo, i, 268; ii, 183, 188
- figure of, i, 186; ii, 183
- fin rudiments in, i, 71
torsk, ii, 539
toto, ii, 398
totuava, ii, 354
Townsend, ii, 502
Tower,
- on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95, 96
- on weakfish, i, 94
Toxotes, i, 240, 268; ii, 400
Toxotidæ, ii, 400
Trachicephalus,
- figure of, i, 456; ii, 438
Trachichthyidæ, ii, 253
Trachichthys, i, 263; ii, 252
Trachidermus, ii, 445
Trachinidæ, ii, 500, 501, 506, 525
Trachinotus, i, 322; ii, 276
Trachinus, i, 169, 180, 391; ii, 500, 501
- Boulenger on, ii, 501
Trachosteus, i, 583, 588, 589, 590
Trachurops, ii, 275
Trachurus, i, 210, 274
- figure of, ii, 274
Trachypteridæ,
- family of, ii, 477
- Goode and Bean on, ii, 479
Trachypterus, i, 144; ii, 425, 477
- figure of, ii, 478
- Günther on, ii, 480
Trachyrhynchus, ii, 541
trahira, ii, 162
transportation of fishes, i, 150
Trautschold, i, 427
Traquair, i, 426, 428
- on Gnasthome, i, 573
- on high and low forms, i, 381, 382
- on Ostracophores, i, 569-571
- on Palæospondylus, i, 591
- portrait of, i, 425
- on sharks, i, 512
Traquairia, i, 517
Travailleur, the, i, 408; ii, 60
tree-climber of India,
- Daldorf on, i, 163
treefish, ii, 431
Tremataspidæ, i, 576
trematodes, i, 344
Triakis, i, 541
Triacanthidæ, ii, 412
Triacanthodes, ii, 412
Triacanthus, ii, 412
Trichina, i, 352
Trichiurichthys, ii, 268
Trichiuridæ, i, 210; ii, 472
- family of, ii, 267
Trichiurides, ii, 32
Trichiurus, ii, 268, 479
- figure of, ii, 268
Trichodon,
- figure of, ii, 364
Trichodontidæ, ii, 364, 506
trinomial nomenclature, i, 378
trigger-fishes, i, 440; ii, 412, 413
- figure of, i, 184, 412
Trigla, i, 169, 391; ii, 456, 457
- air-bladder of, i, 97
Triglidæ, i, 122, 208; ii, 455
- family of, ii, 455
Triglops, ii, 442
- figure of, ii, 443
Triglopsis, i, 317; ii, 447
Trigonodon, ii, 347
Triodon, ii, 419
Triodontidæ, ii, 418
Tripterygian, ii, 508
Tristichopterus, i, 603
Trochocopus, ii, 388
Troglichthys, i, 220, 222; ii, 202, 203
tropical fishes,
- species of, i, 271
- variety among, i, 333
Tropidichthyidæ, ii, 421
Tropidichthys, i, 115; ii, 422
Troschel, i, 415
trout, i, 156, 250, 290, 304, 326, 327; ii, 38, 41, 61, 89, 90, 107, 121, 128, 147, 168
- tail figure of, ii, 486
- of Utah basin, ii, 104
- of Yellowstone, i, 345
trout-perch, i, 241, 290; ii, 61
- figure of, ii, 242
trout-spotted darter, ii, 314
trout-worm, ii, 103
- figure of head, ii, 103
- segments of, figured, ii, 103
trucha, ii, 320
true eels, ii, 141
- shoulder-girdle in, ii, 141
true perches, ii, 304
true sharks, i, 523-560
true snapper, ii, 337
trumpeter, ii, 363
trumpet-fish, i, 51, 440
- family of, i, 233
- figure of, i, 234
truncate, i, 19
truncus arteriosus, ii, 6
trunkfishes, i, 16, 19, 206, 373, 375, 378, 429; ii, 415-417
- figure of, i, 373, 376, 377
- horned, ii, 416
- hornless, ii, 419
- spineless, ii, 417
- spotted, ii, 416
Trypauchen, ii, 467
tschawytscha, ii, 73
Tschudi, i, 415
tsuzume, ii, 402
tullibee, ii, 67
tunicates, i, 460, 462, 467-481
- adult, figured, i, 480
- anatomy, figured, i, 472
- Kingsley on, i, 467, 468, 469
- larva, figured, i, 471
- Ritter on, i, 474
tunny, i, 19, 210
- great, ii, 262
turbots, i, 206, 328; ii, 488, 489
- tribe, the, ii, 487
Turner,
- on Dallia, ii, 207
Turton, i, 410
Tutuila Island,
- lizard skipper from, i, 230
Twin Lakes,
- trout of, i, 241
Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307, 308, 309, 310
- Evermann on, i, 307
tyee, ii, 69
Tylosurus, i, 128
- figure of, ii, 210
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
Typhlichthys, i, 220, 314; ii, 201, 202
- figure of, i, 116; ii, 202
Typhlogobius, i, 198; ii, 467
Typodus, ii, 222
uku, i, 325; ii, 338
Ulæma, i, 271
ulchen, ii, 124
- figure of, i, 320; ii, 124
Umbra, i, 253; ii, 35
- figure of, ii, 193
Umbridæ, i, 290; ii, 193, 194
Umbrina, ii, 356, 357
- figure of, ii, 357
umiuma, i, 429
uncertain conclusions, i, 79
Undina, i, 204, 605
unicorn-fish, ii, 409, 415
U. S. Fish Commission, ii, 69
Upeneus, ii, 353
Upham,
- on glacial effects, i, 275
upland fishes, i, 311
Uranidea, ii, 443, 445
- figure of, ii, 445
Uranoplosus, ii, 22
Uranoscopus, i, 259, 260, 393; ii, 361, 364, 503, 504
Uranoscopidæ, ii, 503, 504, 506, 525
Urenchelyidæ, ii, 142
Urenchelys, ii, 142
ureters, ii, 6
Urochordata, i, 460
Urodela, i, 76
Urolophus, i, 555-557
Uronemidæ, i, 612
Uronemus, i, 612
Urophycis, i, 187; ii, 538
Uropterygius, ii, 153
urosome, i, 84, 85
Urosphen, ii, 234
Urosphenidæ, ii, 234
urostyle, i, 84
Usinosita, ii, 498
uu, i, 162
vaca, i, 235; ii, 327
Vahl, i, 396
Vaillant, i, 412
- portrait of, i, 413
Valenciennellus, ii, 134
Valenciennes, i, 401, 404
Valenciennesia, ii, 460
Valentyn, i, 396
Valisneri, ii, 144
Valisneria, ii, 144
Van Dyke, ii, 93
- on Ouananiche, ii, 93
vaqueta de dos colores, ii, 404
variability of instinct,
- Whitman on, i, 156
variation in colors, i, 235
variation in fin-rays, i, 211
Variola, ii, 327
vasa efferentia, ii, 6
vas deferens, i, 28
Velifer, ii, 286
Vellitor, i, 260; ii, 448
vendace, ii, 67
venomous spines,
- of catfish, i, 179
- of scorpion-fish, i, 180
ventral fins, i, 10
Venustodus, i, 531
Verasper, ii, 492
ver blanc, i, 351
Verilus, ii, 338
vertebræ, i, 203, 205
vertebræ in fishes, i, 212
- Boulenger on, i, 213
- figure of, i, 510
vertebral column, i, 46-48
- figure of, i, 48
vertebral column,
- of lancelet, i, 55
- of Roccus, i, 48
verrugato, ii, 356
vessels engaged in fish-collecting, i, 408, 410
villiform teeth, i, 29
Vinciguerra, ii, 408
- portrait of, i, 413
Vinciguerria, ii, 134
Vinson,
- on Gourami, ii, 369
Violante, the, i, 408; ii, 60
viper-fish, ii, 129
Vireosa, ii, 460
- figure of, ii, 461
viscera of fish, i, 26, 28
viviparous fishes,
- figure of, i, 125, 126, 222; ii, 200
viviparous perch,
- figure of, ii, 379
voices of fishes, i, 121
Vogmar, ii, 477
Vogt, i, 428
Volador, ii, 458
Vomer, ii, 276
vomer, i, 6
Vomeropsis, ii, 278
wachna cod, ii, 537
Wagner, i, 427
Waha Lake, ii, 104
Waite, i, 408, 416
- portrait of, i, 409
Walbaum, i, 397; ii, 68
Walcott, i, 428, 603
- on fossil chimæroids, i, 565
- on oldest forms, i, 435
walking-fish, i, 167
wall-eye, ii, 307
wall-eyed surf-fish, ii, 375
Walton, i, 336, 337
Ward,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
Wardichthys, ii, 15
water-beetle, ii, 144
water-pig, ii, 369
watersheds, i, 305
- the Cassiquiare, i, 307
- how fishes cross, i, 306
- the Suletind, i, 306
- swampy, i, 314
- Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307
weakfish, ii, 353
Weber, i, 428
- on swim-bladder, i, 96
Weberian apparatus, i, 93, 96, 97; ii, 160
- figure of, i, 93; ii, 160
weevers, ii, 500
- Gill on, i, 500
weissfelchen, ii, 65
weissfisch, ii, 65
wels, ii, 182
welshmen, ii, 253
West Indian fish, i, 235
whale-shark, i, 540
whiff, ii, 488, 489
whips, i, 206
whiptail rays, i, 549
Whiteaves, i, 427
whitebait, ii, 123, 127, 216
white bass, ii, 321
white bullhead, ii, 180
white catfish,
- figure of, i, 344
white channel-cat, ii, 180
white chub,
- figure of, ii, 165
whitefish, i, 62-64, 305, 322; ii, 115, 362, 467
- figure of, i, 321
white-mouthed drummers, ii, 356
white perch, ii, 321
- figure of, ii, 322
white sea-bass, ii, 354
white sharks, i, 534
white shiner,
- figure showing parasites, i, 343
white surf-fish,
- figure of, ii, 374
- with young figured, i, 125; ii, 372
whiting, ii, 537
Whitman, i, 428
- on instincts, i, 156
Whitmee,
- on aquarium fishes, i, 165
Whitney, ii, 116
wide-eyed flounder,
- figure of, ii, 488
wide-gape, ii, 545
wide-mouthed flounder,
- figure of, ii, 493
Wiedersheim, i, 513
Williams,
- on eye of flounder, i, 174-178
Williamson, i, 423
Williston, i, 427
willow-cat, ii, 180
Willughby, i, 390
Winckler, i, 427
window-pane fish, ii, 488
- figure of, ii, 487
wine-colored eel, ii, 153
wolf-eel, ii, 517
wolf-fish, ii, 517
- figure of, ii, 517
Wolffian duct, i, 28
Woodward, i, 426, 428, 519, 543, 554, 582, 584, 591, 594, 602; ii, 4, 13, 24, 26, 34, 36, 43, 48, 140, 425, 514, 522
- on Acanthodei, i, 514, 516
- on Chondrostei, ii, 17
- on Dorypterus, ii, 16
- on eels, ii, 140
- on fossil fishes, i, 439
- on fossil garpike, ii, 32
- on Isospondyli, ii, 38
- portrait of, i, 425
- on Pycnodonti, ii, 23
Woolman, i, 422
worm-like eels, ii, 150
worm of the Yellowstone, i, 345
Worthen, i, 426
wrasse, i, 203; ii, 385, 387
wreckfish, ii, 323
Wright, i, 427, 428
- on fishes of Panama, i, 275
wrymouths,
- figure of, ii, 516
Wyman,
- on month gestation, i, 170
- on protocercal tail, i, 81
Xanthichthys, ii, 413
Xererpes, ii, 512
- figure of, ii, 511
Xenichthys, i, 271; ii, 338
Xenistius, i, 271; ii, 338
- figure of, ii, 338
Xenocephalidæ, ii, 520
Xenocephalus, ii, 520
Xenocys, i, 271; ii, 338
Xenomi, i, 405; ii, 157
- order of, ii, 206
Xenopterygii, ii, 499
- suborder of, ii, 529
Xesurus, ii, 409
Xiphasia,
- figure of, ii, 515
Xiphasiidæ, ii, 513
Xiphias, i, 210, 329, 391; ii, 269
- figure of, ii, 270
Xiphidiinæ, ii, 511
Xiphidion, ii, 512
Xiphiidæ,
- family of, ii, 269
Xiphiorhynchus, ii, 269
Xiphorphorus,
- figure of, i, 124; ii, 199
Xiphistes,
- figure of, ii, 512
Xyrauchen, ii, 172, 174
- figure of, ii, 175
Xyrias,
- figure of, ii, 151
Xyrichthys, i, 207; ii, 388-390
- figure of, ii, 388
Xystæma, ii, 348
- figure of, ii, 347
Xystreurys, ii, 492
Xystrodus, i, 531
yamabe, i, 327; ii, 95
yamanokami, ii, 445
Yarrell, i, 410
- on fishing-frog, i, 169
- on sounds, i, 168
yellowback rockfish,
- figure of, i, 218
yellow bass, ii, 321
yellow catfish, ii, 182
yellow-fin grouper, ii, 325
- figure of, ii, 327
yellow-fin trout, ii, 105
- figure of, ii, 105
yellow-fish, ii, 324
yellow goatfish, ii, 352
yellow grunt, ii, 340
yellow mackerel, ii, 276
yellow perch, ii, 307
Yellowstone Lake,
- trout of, i, 310, 345-347
Yellowstone Miller's Thumb,
- figure of, ii, 444
yellow-tail, ii, 273
yellow-tail roncador, ii, 356
- figure of, ii, 357
yellow-tail snapper,
- figure of, ii, 337
yezomasu, ii, 71, 72
Young, i, 426
- on angling, i, 337-339
Zacalles,
- figure of, ii, 511
Zacco, ii, 164
zakko, ii, 117, 120
Zalarges, ii, 134
Zalembrius, ii, 374, 376
Zalieutes, ii, 552
Zalises,
- figure of, ii, 240
Zanclidæ, ii, 406
- family of, ii, 406
Zanclus, i, 240, 268; ii, 406
- figure of, ii, 406
Zaniolepis, ii, 440
Zander, ii, 309
Zaprora, ii, 286
Zaproridæ, ii, 286
Zebrasoma, ii, 408, 409
Zebrias, ii, 497
Zeidæ, ii, 398
- family of, ii, 247
Zenarchopterus, ii, 212
Zenion, ii, 249
Zenopsis, ii, 249
Zeoidea, i, 241-249
- suborder of, ii, 245
Zeoidei, ii, 484
zeoid fishes, ii, 245
Zeorhombi, ii, 245
Zesticelus, ii, 447
Zeugopterus, ii, 488
Zeus, i, 259, 263, 267, 391; ii, 243, 249, 398
- figure of, ii, 248
Zigno, i, 427
Zingel, ii, 307
- figure of, ii, 310
Zittel, i, 427; ii, 13, 514
- on Lepidostei, ii, 23
- on Ostracophores, i, 569
- portrait of, i, 425
Zoarces, ii, 144, 518
- figure of, ii, 518
Zoarcidæ, ii, 518, 522
zoogeography, i, 237
zooids, i, 479
zootomists, i, 90
Zostera, i, 476
Zuieuw, i, 396
Zygonectes, ii, 199
- figure of, ii, 198