The Project Gutenberg eBook of Guide to the Study of Fishes, by David Starr Jordan

INDEX

aal-mutter, ii, 144
Abbott, i, 415, 419, 422; ii, 307, 534
- on perch, ii, 307
abdominal fishes, ii, 39
Abdominales, i, 393; ii, 38, 39
Abeona, ii, 375
Abramis, ii, 167
- figure of, ii, 168
Aboma,
- figure of, ii, 462
abundance of food-fish, i, 329
abura-ainame, ii, 440
abura-bodzu, ii, 323
aburazame, i, 524
Acantharchus, ii, 297
Acanthistius, ii, 323
Acanthobatis, i, 553
Acanthocephala, i, 344, 351
Acanthocepola, ii, 363
Acanthoclinidæ, ii, 516
Acanthoclinus, ii, 516
Acanthocybium, ii, 266
Acanthodei, i, 65, 437, 447, 513, 519, 545, 561
- Dean on, i, 517
- families of, i, 516
- order of, i, 514
- Woodward on, i, 514
Acanthoëssidæ, i, 515, 516
Acanthoëssus, i, 446, 510-513
- figure of, i, 515
- scales of, figured, i, 521
Acantholabrus, ii, 387
Acanthonemus, ii, 286
Acanthopteri, ii, 157
Acanthopterygian, ii, 39, 293
Acanthopterygii, i, 391; ii, 189, 208-214
Acanthostracion, i, 377
Acanthuridæ, i, 206; ii, 405, 407, 410, 411
- family of, ii, 407
Acanthurus, i, 268, 271; ii, 407, 409
Acanus, ii, 330
Acara, ii, 381
Acentronura, ii, 236
Acerina, ii, 241, 309
Acentrophorus, ii, 23
Achirinæ, ii, 495
Achirus,
- figure of, ii, 496
Acipenser, i, 291, 332, 391, 452; ii, 18, 19, 20, 22
- figure of, ii, 19, 20
- larva of, figured, i, 141
Acipenseridæ, i, 290; ii, 18
Acipenseroidei, i, 382
Acraniata, i, 484
Acrocheilus, ii, 169
Acrogaster, ii, 252
Acrognathus, ii, 34
Acropoma, ii, 317
Acropomidæ, ii, 317
Acrotidæ, ii, 285
Acrotus, ii, 285
Actinistia, i, 602
- order of, i, 604
Actinopteri, i, 451, 507, 599, 610; ii, 1, 2, 4, 5, 208
Actinopterygii, i, 462; ii, 1
Actinosts, ii, 1, 33
actinotrichia, i, 80
Adaptation of fishes, i, 177-225
adaptive radiation,
- law of, i, 296
adder-fish, ii, 501
Adelfisch, ii, 65
Adelochorda, i, 461
Adinia, ii, 199
adipose fin, i, 25
Ægæonichthys, ii, 549
Æoliscus,
- figure of, ii, 235
Ærolepis, ii, 14
Æthalion, ii, 41
Ætheospondyli, ii, 24, 29
Æthoprora,
- figure of, i, 188
Aëtobatis, i, 557
- figure of, i, 558
African catfish,
- figure of, i, 457; ii, 185
Agassiz, A., i, 405
Agassiz, L., i, 419, 428, 614; ii, 1, 39, 183, 486
- on dispersion, i, 284
- on Embiotocidæ, ii, 378, 379
- on embryology of garpike, ii, 31
- on fish fauna of N. E., i, 302
- on fossil fishes, i, 404
- on ganoids, ii, 9
- on high and low forms, i, 381
- on Lepidosteus, ii, 5
- on Onchus, i, 530
- portrait of, i, 399
- pupils of, i, 405
- questions raised by, i, 284
- sketch of, i, 404
Age of fishes, i, 144-146
agency of ocean currents, i, 243
Agnatha, i, 508
Agonidæ, i, 208; ii, 3, 185, 452, 453, 456
- family of, ii, 449
Agonoid fish,
- figure of, i, 221; ii, 453
Agonostomus, ii, 107, 222
Agonus, i, 219; ii, 453
Agrammus, ii, 440
Ahl, i, 394
aholehole, ii, 304
air-bladder, i, 11
- air-duct, i, 12
- Aristotle on, 95
- Borelli on, i, 95
- of Carp, i, 93; ii, 159, 160
- in Cœlacanthus, i, 604
- defined, i, 92, 93
- De Fosse on, i, 97
- Delaroche on, i, 95
- figure of, i, 93, 604
- function of, i, 94
- in ganoids, i, 101
- gases in, i, 94
- in Labyrinthici, i, 91
- an organ of hearing, ii, 159
- origin of, i, 98
- position of, i, 35
- Sörensen on, i, 97
- Tower on, i, 95
- use of, i, 12
- wanting in sharks, i, 506
- Weber on, i, 96
akadai, ii, 344
Alaska blackfish, i, 51, 147, 290
- figure of, i, 149; ii, 206
Alaska cod, ii, 536
Alaska grayling,
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 120
Alaskan rivers,
- fishes of, i, 304, 305
Albacore, i, 210; ii, 136
- figure of, ii, 263
- Goode on, ii, 263
- long fin, ii, 263
Albatross, the i, 263, 408; ii, 60, 130, 138
Albatrossia, ii, 541
Albula, i, 142, 205; ii, 29, 46, 148
- figure of, i, 147; ii, 44
Albulidæ, ii, 41, 44
Alburnus, ii, 167
Alcock, i, 244, 408; ii, 290
Aldrich,
- photograph by, i, 303
Aldrovandi, i, 388
Aldrovandia,
- figure of, ii, 138
Alectis, i, 202; ii, 276
aleihi, ii, 253
Alepisauridæ, i, 134
Alepocephalidæ, ii, 60
Alepocephalus,
- figure of, ii, 60
alewife, ii, 49
- figure of, ii, 50
alfonsinos, ii, 251
alimentary canal, i, 31
alkaloid poisons, i, 182, 184, 185; ii, 411, 412
allantiasis, i, 183
alligator-fish, ii, 449, 453
alligator-gar,
- figure of, ii, 31
allmouth, ii, 545
Alopiidæ,
- family of, i, 536
Alosa, i, 204, 291; ii, 50
Alticus,
- figure of, i, 230; ii, 509
Alutera, i, 206; ii, 414, 415
amadai, ii, 363
Amanses, ii, 415
- figure of, ii, 414
Amaræcium, i, 477
Ambassis, ii, 317
Ambassidæ, ii, 317
amber-fish, ii, 272
- figure of, i, 458; ii, 273
amber-jack, ii, 274
Amblodon, i, 302
Ambloplites,
- figure of, ii, 299
- skull of, figured, ii, 296
Amblyopsidæ, 290; ii, 204
- family of, ii, 200
Amblyopsis, i, 220, 314
- figure of, i, 221, 222; ii, 203
Amblypterus, ii, 14
Amblystoma, i, 78
Ameiurus, i, 283, 293, 310, 356; ii, 35, 183, 185, 186, 299
- figure of, i, 344, 358; ii, 180, 181
- parasites of, i, 344
American charr, ii, 110
American fishes,
- Goode on, i, 335
Amia, i, 33, 101, 102, 204, 291, 344, 391, 612, 623; ii, 8, 9, 11, 31, 33, 36, 41, 160
- figure of, ii, 33, 35
- lower jaw of, ii, 33
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 86
- tail of, i, 82
Amiatus, i, 394
Amiidæ, i, 290; ii, 4, 34, 35, 36
Amioidei,
- Lütken on, ii, 33
Amiopsis, ii, 36
Amitra, ii, 454
Ammocœtes, i, 142
Ammocrypta, ii, 306
- figure of, i, 158; ii, 313
Ammodytes, ii, 224, 391, 514, 522
- figure of, ii, 521
Ammodytidæ, ii, 215, 520, 521
Amphacanthi,
- suborder of, ii, 409
Ampheristus, ii, 436
Amphibia, i, 393, 600, 606
Amphibians, ii, 9
- origin of, i, 600
Amphicœlian, i, 49
Amphiodon, i, 394
Amphioxides, i, 483
Amphioxus, i, 482, 495
Amphiplaga, ii, 243
Amphipnoidæ, 11, 141
Amphipnous, ii, 141
Amphiprion, ii, 384
Amphisile, ii, 235
Amphisticus, ii, 375
Amphistiidæ,
- family of, ii, 245, 247
Amphistium, ii, 485
- figure of, ii, 247
Amyzon, ii, 175
Anabantidæ, ii, 215, 370
- Gill on, i, 366
Anabas, i, 91, 103, 163
- figure of, ii, 366
Anableps, i, 117, 391; ii, 131
- eye of, ii, 194
- figure of, i, 117
- Marsh on, ii, 194
- Nelson on, ii, 196
Anacanthini, i, 405; ii, 484, 485, 499, 501, 532, 533, 538
- order of, ii, 532, 533
anadromous fishes, i, 291
anadromous salmon, ii, 68
anal fin, i, 10
- in Embiotocidæ, i, 125
- as intromittent organ, i, 124
- in Pœciliidæ, i, 125
- in sword-tail minnow, i, 124
analogy and homology, i, 368, 369
- Coues on, i, 369
Anampses, ii, 390
Anarhichadidæ, ii, 517
Anarhichas, i, 208, 391; ii, 518
- figure of, ii, 517
- food of, ii, 518
Anarchias, ii, 153
Anarrhichthys, i, 208, 364; ii, 518
- skull of, ii, 517
Anarthri, i, 509
Anarthrodira, i, 584, 585, 590
Anaspida, i, 573, 622
- order of, i, 579
anatomy of tunicates,
- figure showing, i, 472
Anchovia, i, 199, 205
- figure of, ii, 54
anchovy,
- figure of, ii, 54
anchovy, silvery,
- figure of, ii, 54
ancient outlet of Lake Bonneville,
- photograph of, i, 303
Ancylostylos, ii, 45
Andaman Islands,
- fishes of, i, 166
Andrews, i, 428
Anema, ii, 504
angel-fishes, i, 547, 549
- figure of, ii, 401, 404
angler-fishes, i, 189, 206; ii, 542-553
- carpels of, i, 51
- figure of, i, 52
- Gill on, ii, 543
- habits of, ii, 543-545
- Kent on, ii, 543
anglers,
- dorsal fin in, i, 202
angling, i, 336
- Young on, i, 337-339
Anguilla, i, 127, 162, 211; ii, 143
- figure of, ii, 142, 148
Anguillidæ, i, 290; ii, 148
- family of, ii, 142
angular, i, 606
Anisotremus, i, 271; ii, 341
Anomalopidæ,
- family of, ii, 317
anko,
- figure of, ii, 545
Anomalops, ii, 317
Anoplogaster, ii, 252
Anoplopoma,
- figure of, ii, 438
Anoplopomidæ,
- family of, ii, 438
Anoplus, i, 260; ii, 333
Antechinomys, ii, 471
Antennariidæ, i, 52; ii, 542, 549, 553
- Aristotle on, ii, 546
- deep-sea, ii, 548
- Goode on, ii, 545
- habits of, ii, 544-546
- Hoffmann on, ii, 546
- spawning of, ii, 546
Antennarius, i, 197, 206
- figure of, ii, 550, 553
Anthias, ii, 328
Antiarcha, i, 573, 581, 590, 622
- order of, i, 576
Antigonia, i, 262
Anyperodon, ii, 328
ao, ii, 274
Apeltes,
- figure of, ii, 232
Aphanopus, i, 210
Aphareus,
- figure of, ii, 339
Aphredoderidæ, i, 290; ii, 243, 294
Aphredoderus, ii, 204, 252, 291, 294, 296
- figure of, ii, 295
Apia,
- coral reef of, figured, i, 234
Apichthys, ii, 278
Aplidiopsis,
- figure of, i, 479
Aploactis, i, 202
Aplodactylidæ, ii, 363
Aplodactylus, ii, 364
Aplodinotus, i, 291, 302; ii, 354, 357
Apocopodon, i, 558
Apodes, i, 393, 611; ii, 40, 139-158, 532
- order of, ii, 141
Apodichthys, i, 227; ii, 512
Apogon,
- figure of, i, 455; ii, 316, 319
Apogonidæ,
- family of, ii, 316
Apomotis, i, 26, 310; ii, 301
- figure of, i, 27; ii, 350
Apostasis, ii, 406
Apostolides, i, 412
Appendicularia, i, 466
- Brooks on, i, 480
Appendiculariidæ, i, 474
Aprion, i, 325; ii, 338
Apsilus, ii, 338
aquatic worms, ii, 143
Aracana, ii, 417
Arapaima, ii, 11, 56
Arbaciosa,
- species of, ii, 531
Archæomænidæ, ii, 29
Archæus, ii, 278
Archencheli,
- suborder of, ii, 141, 142
archers, ii, 400
archicercal tail, i, 81, 83
archipterygium, i, 59-61, 68, 69, 73, 446, 459, 511, 512, 522, 598, 600, 601
- Boulenger on, i, 79
- Gegenbaur on, i, 60
- Günther on, i, 60
archnoid membrane, i, 109
Archoplites, i, 179, 240; ii, 297
- figure of, i, 258
Archosargus, i, 324; ii, 346
- figure of, i, 31; ii, 347
Archoteuthis, ii, 410
Arctic codling, ii, 537
Arctic species,
- in lakes, i, 316
- Loven on, i, 317
- Malmgren on, i, 317
- Smith on, i, 317
Arctoscopus, ii, 364
Argentina, i, 391
Argentinidæ, ii, 122, 124
Argidæ, ii, 185
Argyropelecus,
- figure of, i, 190; ii, 137
Argyrosomus, i, 315; ii, 62, 65, 67
- figure of, ii, 66
Ariscopus, i, 257
- figure of, ii, 504
Aristotle, ii, 146
- on fishes of Greece, i, 387
- on noises of fish, i, 95
Arius, ii, 178, 186
arm of frog, i, 601
- figure of, i, 71
ama-ama, ii, 221
armado, i, 169
arnillo, ii, 338
Arnoglossus, ii, 488
arrow-toothed halibut, ii, 491
Artedi, i, 374, 390
- on genera, i, 391
Artediellus, ii, 442
Artedius, ii, 442
Arthrodira, i, 573, 584, 585, 590, 612
- Dean on, i, 581
- Jækel on, i, 591
Arthrodires, i, 204, 241, 436, 437, 603, 622; ii, 3
- classification of, i, 584
- figure of, i, 445, 584
- occurrence of, i, 583
- relationships of, i, 588
Arthropteridæ, i, 553
Arthropterus, i, 553
Arthrognathi, i, 581, 584, 585, 589, 590
- Dean on, i, 584
Arthrothoraci, i, 584, 586, 587
articular, i, 606
artificial impregnation,
- Jacobian method, i, 150
Ascanius, i, 396; ii, 472
Ascelichthys, ii, 449
Ascidia,
- figure of, i, 474
Ascidiacea, i, 474
ascidians, i, 460, 467
- Kingsley on, i, 474
- Ritter on, i, 474
Ascidiiæ, i, 474, 475
Ascidina,
- figure of, i, 475
Aseraggodes, ii, 496
Ashmead,
- on leprosy transmission, i, 186
Asineopidæ, ii, 243, 296, 317
Asineops, ii, 243, 317
Asmuss, i, 427
Aspasma, ii, 531
- figure of, ii, 530
Aspidocephali, i, 568, 575
Aspidoganoidei, i, 568
Aspidophoroides,
- figure of, ii, 453
Aspidorhini, i, 568
Aspidorhynchidæ, ii, 24, 29
Aspidorhynchus, ii, 29
Aspius, ii, 175
Aspredo, ii, 184
Aspro, ii, 307, 310
- figure of, ii, 309
aspron, ii, 309
- figure of, ii, 310
Asterolepidæ, i, 576, 623
Asterolepis, i, 577, 591
Asterospondyli, i, 447, 510, 513, 532
- order of, i, 525
asterospondylous, i, 49
Asterosteidæ, i, 584, 585
Asterosteus, i, 585
Asterropteryx, i, 263
Astrodermiidæ, i, 551
Astrodermus, i, 551
Astrolabe, the, i, 408
Astrolytes,
- figure of, ii, 442
Astronesthidæ, ii, 128
Astrape, i, 554
Astroscopus, ii, 503
- Gilbert on, i, 187
- electric organs of, i, 187
Asymmetron, i, 483; ii, 467
Ateleaspis, i, 574
Atheresthes, i, 205; ii, 491
Atherina, i, 393; ii, 216
Atherinidæ, i, 290; ii, 215
Atherinops, ii, 218
Atherinopsis,
- figure of, ii, 218
Atherinosoma, ii, 218
Athlennes, ii, 211
Atka fish,
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 439
Atka mackerel, ii, 439
Atlantic creek, i, 308, 309
Atlantic oarfish, ii, 472
Atlantic salmon, ii, 89
attenuate, i, 19
Atthey, i, 426
Auchenopterus, ii, 508
atule, ii, 275
auditory ossicles, ii, 160
Aulichthys, ii, 233
Aulolepis, ii, 48
Aulopidæ, ii, 130, 132
Aulopus, i, 259; ii, 190
Aulorhamphus, ii, 406
Aulorhynchidæ,
- family of, ii, 232
Aulorhynchus, ii, 233
Aulostomidæ,
- family of, ii, 233
Aulostomus, ii, 233
- figure of, ii, 234
Australia, ii, 363
Australian flying-fish,
- figure of, i, 341
Australian lung-fish, i, 100
autochthonous, i, 245
autostylic skull, i, 561; ii, 8
Auxis, ii, 262
awa, ii, 45, 221
awaawa, ii, 43
awaous, i, 254; ii, 465
aweoweo, ii, 333
Axinurus, ii, 409
axonasts, i, 604, 605; ii, 17
Ayres, i, 419, 428
ayu, i, 256; ii, 115, 117, 118
- figure of, i, 321; ii, 116
- fishing for figured, i, 333, 335
Azevia, i, 271; ii, 489
d'Azyr, i, 390
Azygostei, i, 581
azygous, i, 88
Baer, i, 428
Bagarius, ii, 186
bagonado, ii, 344
bagre, ii, 182
bagre de Rio, ii, 182
Bagrus, ii, 183
Baikal cods, ii, 455
Baird, i, 419; ii, 142
- on bluefish, ii, 279-282
- on eel migrations, ii, 142
- portrait of, i, 407
Bairdiella, ii, 355
- figure of, ii, 355
Bakker, i, 428
Balanoglossidæ, i, 465
Balanglossus, i, 461
Balanus, ii, 544
balaos, ii, 212
Balfour, i, 428, 511, 513; ii, 8
- finfold theory, i, 69, 514
- lateral-fold theory, i, 71-73
- on paired fins, ii, 8
- on sharks, i, 511
Balfour and Parker,
- on Lepidosteus, ii, 5
Balistapus, i, 181; ii, 413
Balistes, i, 206, 391, 611; ii, 22
- figure of, i, 184; ii, 412
Balistidæ, ii, 413, 418
- family of, ii, 412
Ballou,
- on eels, ii, 417
banded rockfish,
- figure of, ii, 432
banded sunfish,
- figure of, ii, 299
bandfishes, ii, 363
bandfishes,
- the crested, ii, 291
Banks, i, 395
barbels, i, 115; ii, 170
- organs of touch, i, 122
barber-fish, ii, 328
barbero, ii, 408
barbudos, ii, 256
Barbulifer, ii, 462
Barbus, ii, 170, 175
Barkas, i, 426
Barneville, i, 412
Barracuda, ii, 34, 39, 215, 266, 317, 469
Barracuda,
- family of, ii, 222
- figure of, ii, 223
Barramunda, i, 116, 614, 615
- Günther on, i, 615
barreto, ii, 467
barriers,
- Alleghanies, i, 311
- artificial dams, i, 300
- Cape of Good Hope, i, 268
- checks to movement, i, 240
- crossing by fishes, i, 302
- to dispersion, i, 297
- Isthmus of Panama, i, 269
- local, i, 298
- mountain chains, i, 310
- Rocky Mountains, i, 305
- the Sierras, i, 310
- silt-bearing streams, i, 301
- species absent from, i, 239
- temperature, i, 298
- waterfalls, i, 300
- watersheds, i, 205
basal bone,
- of dorsal fin, i, 49
- figure of, i, 49, 56
- of pectoral fin, i, 59
baseosts, ii, 17
basilar, i, 88
Basilevsky, i, 411
basking shark, i, 539
- figure of, i, 540
- largest of fishes, i, 539
bass, i, 4, 21, 47, 290, 323, 440; ii, 316-350
- black, i, 303, 304
- white, i, 321
- yellow, i, 321
bassalian fishes, i, 245, 246; ii, 128
Bassani, i, 427
Bassozetus,
- figure of, i, 456
bastard halibut, ii, 489
Bateson, i, 463
batfish, ii, 402, 458
- figure of, ii, 553
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 88; ii, 551
Bathyclupeidæ, ii, 290
Bathygadus, ii, 541
Bathylagus, ii, 127
Bathymaster, ii, 502
- figure of, ii, 503
Bathymasteridæ, ii, 502
Bathyonidæ, ii, 540
Bathyonus, ii, 540
Bathypteroidæ, ii, 130
Bathypterois, ii, 131
Batoidei, i, 519
- suborder of, i, 549
Batrachians, i, 85, 87, 88
Batrachoides, i, 394; ii, 526
Batrachoides,
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
Batrachoididæ, i, 182, 192; ii, 525, 529, 542
Batrachoids, ii, 529
Batrictius, i, 394
Bdellostoma, i, 490
Beagle, the, i, 408
Bean, i, 408, 419
Beardslee, ii, 101
Beardslee trout, ii, 101
Belemnobatis, i, 551
Bellotti, i, 412
bellows fish, ii, 545
Belon,
- on fishes of Mediterranean, i, 388
Belone, ii, 210, 211
Belonidæ,
- family of, ii, 210
Belonorhynchidæ, ii, 514
Belonorhynchus, ii, 17
Belostomus, ii, 29
Bembradidæ, ii, 441, 499
Bembras, ii, 441
Benecke,
- on spawning of eels, ii, 146
Beneden, i, 427
benimasu, ii, 72
Bennett, i, 408, 416
Bentenia, ii, 286
Benthosauridæ, ii, 130
Benthosaurus, ii, 131
Berg, i, 415
- portrait of, i, 409
Berndt,
- opah taken by, ii, 244
- photograph by, i, 323
Berycidæ, i, 206; ii, 294, 499
- family of, ii, 251
Berycoidei, ii, 40, 245, 290, 484, 485
- suborder of, ii, 250-257
Berycoid fishes, ii, 250
- figure of, i, 439; ii, 253
- Starks on, ii, 250
Berycoids, ii, 247
Berycopsis, ii, 285
Beryx, i, 259, 263, 438; ii, 249, 289
- figure of, ii, 251
beshow, ii, 438
Betta, i, 163; ii, 370
biajaiba, ii, 336
Bianconi, i, 412
Bibron, i, 412
big-eye, ii, 333
- figure of, ii, 332
big-eyed scad, ii, 275
Birkenia, i, 580
- figure of, i, 579
Birkeniidæ, i, 579
bishop-fish, i, 361
bishop-fish,
- figure of, i, 361
Björnson,
- on fishing villages of Norway, i, 329
black angel, ii, 405
black angel-fish,
- figure of, ii, 403
black bass, i, 209; ii, 168, 301, 328
- Hallock on, ii, 302
- Henshall on, ii, 302
- large-mouthed, ii, 304
- small-mouthed, ii, 303
black bream, ii, 206
Black Current of Japan, sharks in, i, 536
black escolar, 338
black-fin snapper, ii, 336
blackfish, ii, 387
black grouper, ii, 323, 325
black-horse, ii, 173
Blackiston's line,
- relation to fishes, i, 257
black-jack, ii, 276
black nohu,
- figure of, i, 180; ii, 436
- stinging spines of, i, 180
black-nosed dace,
- figure of, i, 342; ii, 164
- parasites on, i, 342
black rockfish, ii, 429
black ruff, ii, 284
black sea-bass, ii, 329
black-sided darter,
- figure of, ii, 311
blacksmith, ii, 381
black-spotted sailor's choice, ii, 341
black-spotted trout, ii, 95
black swallower,
- figure of, i, 29; ii, 360
black tai, ii, 344
black will, ii, 328
black wrasse, ii, 387
Blainville, i, 400
- on Palæoniscum, ii, 14
Blake, i, 60, 408
Blanchard, i, 412
blanquillos, ii, 361, 362
blastoderm, i, 135
blastomeres, i, 135
blastopore, i, 138
blastula, i, 131, 132
bleak, ii, 163, 167
Bleeker, i, 376, 412, 414
Bleekeria, ii, 521
Bleekeriidæ, ii, 522
Blenniidæ, i, 208, 276, 290; ii, 506-531
Blennioidea, ii, 470
Blennius, i, 208, 391; ii, 511, 513
Blennius,
- figure of, i, 508
blenny, i, 209, 230, 290, 429; ii, 507-531
- figure of, ii, 509, 511
- Japanese, i, 9; ii, 513
- kelp, ii, 507
- northern, ii, 511
- sarcastic, ii, 507
- snake, ii, 512
Blepsias,
- figure of, ii, 448
blind Brotula,
- figure of, i, 222
blind catfish, ii, 181
blind cavefish,
- figure of, i, 116; ii, 202
blindfish, i, 290; ii, 202, 524
- descent of, ii, 202
- Eigenmann on, i, 117; ii, 202
- habits of, ii, 202
- theories regarding origin, ii, 202
blindfish of Mammoth Cave, ii, 202, 203
- Eigenmann on, i, 221, 222
- figure of, i, 221
blind goby, ii, 467
blob, ii, 444
Bloch, i, 389, 397
Blochiidæ, ii, 514
Blochius,
- figure of, ii, 514
Blossom, the, i, 408
blue-back, ii, 71, 73-76
blue-back salmon, ii, 68, 69
blue-breasted darter, i, 231; ii, 314
- figure of, i, 231
blue cod, ii, 440
bluefin, ii, 66
bluefin cisco,
- figure of, ii, 66
bluefish, ii, 278, 354
- Baird on, i, 279-282
- destructiveness of, ii, 281
- figure of, i, 324; ii, 279
- food of, ii, 280
bluegill,
- figure of, ii, 300
blue-green sunfish, i, 26
- figure of, i, 27; ii, 350
blue parrot-fish, ii, 396
- figure of, ii, 394
- figure of jaws, ii, 393
blue sharks, i, 534, 542
blue smelt,
- figure of, ii, 218
blue-spotted guativere, ii, 324
blue surf-fish, ii, 375
blue tang, ii, 408
- figure of, ii, 407
Blyth, i, 396
boarfishes, ii, 135, 398
bobo,
- figure of, ii, 222
boccaccio, ii, 429
Bocage, i, 414
Bocourt, i, 412
Bodianus, i, 207, 271; ii, 388
boga, ii, 347, 348
Bogoslovius, ii, 541
Bohr, i, 97
Boleophthalmus, ii, 465
- figure of, i, 118; ii, 466
Boleosoma, i, 302; ii, 313
Bollman, i, 420
Boltenia, i, 475
Bombay-duck, ii, 131
bonaci-arará, ii, 325
bonaci-cardenal, ii, 325
Bonaparte, i, 412
bones of the fish,
- actinosts, i, 42
- alisphenoid, i, 38, 39, 40, 53
- anal fin, i, 48
- angular, i, 42, 43, 54
- articular, i, 42, 43, 54
- basibranchial, i, 46
- basihyal, i, 42, 45
- basioccipital, i, 36, 38, 39, 40, 53
- basisphenoid, i, 36, 38, 39, 53
- branchiostegals, i, 42, 45
- carpals, i, 51
  - of anglers, i, 51
- caudal fin, i, 48
- caudal vertebræ, i, 48
- ceratobranchial, i, 46
- ceratohyal, i, 42, 45
- clavicle, i, 42, 50, 52
  - figured, i, 52
- coracoid, i, 50, 51
  - of cranium, i, 39
- dentary, i, 42, 43, 54
- dorsal fin, i, 48
- epihyal, i, 42, 45
- epibranchial, i, 46
- epioccipital, i, 36
- epiotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
- epipleurals, i, 48
- ethmoid, i, 36, 37, 53
- exoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
- frontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- glossihyal, i, 42
- hæmal spine, i, 48
- hæmaphysis, i, 48
- hyoid arch, i, 42
- hyomandibular, i, 42, 44, 54
- hypercoracoid, i, 42, 52
- hypobranchial, i, 46
- hypocoracoid, i, 42, 43, 52
- hypural, i, 48, 49
- infraclavicle, i, 51
- interclavicle, i, 51
- interhæmals, i, 49
- interhyal, i, 42, 45
- interneural, i, 48
- interopercle, i, 42, 45, 54
- interspinals, i, 49
- isthmus, i, 45
- maxillary, i, 41, 42
- mesopterygoid, i, 41, 42
- metapterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54
- nasal, i, 42, 53
- neural spine, i, 48
- neuropophysis, i, 48
- opercle, i, 42, 54
- opisthotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40
- palatine, i, 41, 42, 54
- parapophysis, i, 48
- parietal, i, 36, 37, 39, 40, 53
- parsasphenoid, i, 36, 38, 53
- pectoral fin, i, 42
- pelvic girdle, i, 42
- pharyngeals, i, 46, 47
  - figure of, i, 47
  - lower, i, 46
  - suspensory, i, 46
  - upper, i, 46
- postclavicle, i, 42, 51
  - figured, i, 52
- postero-temporal, i, 50
- post-temporal, i, 42, 52
- prefrontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- premaxillary, i, 42
- preopercle, i, 42, 54
- preorbital, i, 41, 42
- prootic, i, 36, 38, 53
- proscapula, i, 50
- pterotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
- pterygials, i, 51
- pterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54
- quadrate, i, 42, 43, 54
- ribs, i, 48
- scapula, i, 50
- shoulder-girdle, i, 42, 50, 51, 52
- sphenotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- subopercle, i, 42, 54
- suborbital, i, 42
- supraclavicle, i, 42, 50
- supraoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- suprascapula, i, 50
- supratemporal, i, 42, 50
  - figured, i, 51
- symplectic, i, 42, 54
- urohyal, i, 42, 54
- ventral fin, i, 42
- vomer, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- zygapophysis, i, 48
bonito, ii, 264
bonnaterre, i, 397
bony fish, i, 204, 454, 506; ii, 37
- classification of, ii, 38
- development of, i, 135
- figure of, ii, 438
- specialized, figured, i, 456
bony scales, i, 21
Boops, i, 260, 267; ii, 348, 350
Borassus, ii, 367
Borelli, i, 390
- on air-bladder, i, 95
Boreogadus, ii, 537
botolism, i, 183
Bothinæ, ii, 487
Bothriocephalus, i, 345
Bothriolepis, i, 577
Bothus, ii, 486
Botryllidæ, i, 476
Botryllus, i, 476; ii, 545
- figure of, i, 477, 478, 479
bottle-nosed chimæra,
- eggs of, figured, i, 127
Bougainville, i, 395
Boulenger, i, 360, 364, 370, 414, 428, 513, 600, 601, 606, 608, 609; ii, 41, 48, 128, 129, 136, 138, 158, 190, 485, 502, 522, 551
- on Archipterygium, i, 79
- on Galaxias, ii, 205
- catalogue of fishes, i, 402
- on opahs, ii, 243
- portrait of, i, 403
- on vertebræ, i, 213
- on zooid fishes, ii, 245
Bovichthyidæ, ii, 502
bowfin, i, 290, 440; ii, 33, 34
- figure of, ii, 35
- tail of, figured, i, 82
Bowring,
- on noises by fishes, i, 168
Brachydirus, i, 590
Brachyistius, ii, 375
Brachymystax, ii, 62, 67
brain,
- of chimæra, i, 410, 411
- figures of, i, 110, 111
- Günther on, i, 109
- in hagfish, i, 112
- of lamprey, i, 112
- of perch, i, 111
- of pike, i, 109
- of primitive fishes, i, 112
- reflex action of, i, 153
- of shark, i, 110, 111
Brama, ii, 135, 286
Bramidæ, ii, 291
- family of, ii, 286
branch herring, ii, 49
branchial bones, i, 46
Branchiostegi, i, 391
Branchiostoma, i, 34, 35, 120, 383, 483
- eggs of, i, 131
- figure of, i, 484
Branchiostomidæ, i, 484
Brandt, i, 412
Branner, i, 415
Brayton, i, 420
bream, ii, 163, 167
Bregmaceros, ii, 524
Bregmacerotidæ, ii, 524
Brevoort, i, 416
Brevoortia, ii, 51
- figure of, i, 340; ii, 51
brit, ii, 216, 217
broad-shad, ii, 347
broad-soles, ii, 495
Brongniart, i, 427, 428
brook lamprey,
- figure of, i, 120, 505
- larva of, figured, i, 492
- mouth of, figured, i, 492
Brooks,
- on Appendicularia, i, 480
brook trout, ii, 99, 107, 108, 110, 113, 115
- figure of, ii, 111
Brosme, ii, 539
Brosmius, ii, 539
Brosmophycis, ii, 524
Brotula,
- figure of, ii, 524
- blind, figured, ii, 524
Brotulidæ, i, 314; ii, 523, 533
Brotulids, ii, 39, 524
Broussonet, i, 396
Brown, i, 426
Browne, i, 389
brown tang,
- figure of, i, 181; ii, 408
Brünnich, i, 394
Bryactinus, i, 565
Brycon,
- figure of, ii, 162
Bryostemma,
- figure of, ii, 511, 514
Bryttosus, i, 256; ii, 297, 320
buccal cirri, i, 595
Buchanan,
- on hunting of Chaca, i, 170
Buckland, i, 423
- on soles, ii, 497
- on turbot roe, ii, 488
Bucklandium, ii, 186
budai, ii, 390
buffalo-cod, ii, 440
Buffalo Creek, i, 309
buffalo-fish, ii, 160, 172
- figure of, ii, 173
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 51
buffalo sculpin,
- figure of, ii, 443
bulbus arteriosus, ii, 10, 11
bullhead, i, 356
bullhead shark,
- figure of, i, 526
bumpers, ii, 276
Bunocephalidæ, ii, 184
burbot, i, 209; ii, 538
- figure of, ii, 539
Bürger, i, 414
butter-fish, ii, 283, 284, 324, 512
butterfly fish, i, 440; ii, 381
- figure of, i, 143; ii, 402
butterfly ray, i, 556
butterfly sculpin,
- figure of, i, 288
caballerote, ii, 335
cabezon, ii, 442
cabra mora,
- figure of, i, 20
cabrilla, ii, 324, 328, 329
cachucho,
- figure of, ii, 337
Cælorhynchus,
- figure of, ii, 541
Cæsio, ii, 342
cagon de le alto, ii, 337
cají, ii, 336
Calamoichthys, i, 76, 89, 608
Calamostoma, ii, 236
Calamus, i, 49, 238; ii, 344
- figure of, ii, 345, 347
calico-bass, ii, 297
calico-salmon, ii, 72
California lancelet,
- figure of, i, 484
California miller's thumb,
- figure of, ii, 446
California hake,
- figure of, ii, 540
California pampano, ii, 283
California sucker,
- figure of, ii, 174
Callbreath,
- on running of salmon, ii, 86
Callechelys, ii, 150
Callichthyidæ, ii, 185
Callichthys, i, 290
calling the fishes, i, 167, 168
- in Indian temples, i, 167
- in basins of Tuileries, i, 167
Callionymidæ, ii, 506
Callionymus, i, 246, 257, 259, 263, 393, 500, 504
Callipterygidæ, ii, 501
Callipteryx, ii, 501
Calliurus, i, 302
Callorhynchus, i, 565, 566
- egg of figured, i, 127
Callorhinus, ii, 537
Calotomus, ii, 390, 391
Camper, i, 389
Campostoma, ii, 164
- figure of, i, 33; ii, 167
Campyloprion, i, 529
candil, ii, 255
candle-fish, ii, 124
Canestrini, i, 412
Canobius, ii, 14
Canthidermis, ii, 413
Canthigaster, i, 206
Cantor, i, 416
- on fighting-fish, i, 163
Cape of Good Hope,
- as barrier, i, 269
capelin,
- figure of, ii, 126
capello, i, 414
capitaine,
- figure of, ii, 387
Capros, ii, 135, 398, 400
Caracanthidæ, ii, 438
Carangidæ, i, 144, 149, 210; ii, 15, 278, 470
- family of, ii, 272
Carangopsis, ii, 278
Carangus, i, 169, 324; ii, 275, 276, 285
Carapidæ, ii, 522
Caraproctus, ii, 455
Carapus, ii, 520, 522
Carassius, ii, 171
- figure of, i, 151
Caranx, ii, 245, 275, 470, 542
Carboniferous,
- fishes, i, 437
- sharks, i, 224
Carcharias, i, 447, 534, 543; ii, 468
- figure of, i, 542
Carchariidæ, i, 532, 534, 540, 542, 543
carcharioid sharks, i, 540
Carcharodon, i, 538
Carcharopsis, i, 522
cardenal, ii, 316
cardiform teeth, i, 29
cardinal fishes, the, ii, 316
- figure of, i, 455; ii, 316, 319
cardinal vein, i, 108
Carencheli, ii, 140, 153, 155
caribe,
- Günther on, ii, 161
carnivorous fishes, i, 29
carp, i, 21, 53, 93, 290; ii, 162, 164
- air-bladder of, figured, ii, 160
- native of China, ii, 170
- domestication of, ii, 170
Carpiodes, i, 302
- figure of, ii, 173
carp-sucker,
- figure of, ii, 173
carrying eggs in mouth, i, 170-173
- by catfish, i, 170
casabe, ii, 276
Cassiquiare,
- Branner on, i, 307
- crossing by fishes, i, 307
Castelnau, i, 415
Castour, i, 396
Castro,
- photograph by, ii, 522
catadromous fishes, i, 162, 291; ii, 143
Catalina flying-fish,
- figure of, ii, 214
catalineta, ii, 341
Catalogue,
- of Panama fishes, i, 272
catalufa de lo alto,
- figure of, ii, 289
catalufa, ii, 288, 333
- figure of, ii, 331
Catesby, i, 389
catfish, i, 4, 20, 53, 119, 122,128, 169, 290, 440; ii, 159, 160, 177-187
- African, ii, 185
- channel, ii, 179
- clavicle in, i, 87
- Cope on, i, 180
- descent from, ii, 186
- destroyed by lampreys, i, 357
- electric, ii, 183
- electric, figured, i, 186
- fossil, ii, 186
- of India, ii, 184
- Japanese, ii, 183
- Old World, ii, 182
- poison glands of, i, 180
- poison spine of, i, 179
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 86
- spines of, i, 179
- transfer to Sacramento, i, 310
Catopteridæ, ii, 16
Catopterus, ii, 16
Catostomidæ, i, 46, 290; ii, 172, 175
- family of, ii, 171
- figure of, i, 315
Catostomus, i, 198, 283, 302, 304, 316, 346; ii, 56
- figure of, i, 348; ii, 171
- pharyngeal teeth of, ii, 175
cat shark, i, 533
Catulus, i, 533
caudal fin, i, 10
caudal lancet, ii, 409
Caularchus,
- figure of, i, 198, 531
Caulolatilus, ii, 362
Caulolepis, ii, 252, 253
Caulophryne,
- figure of, i, 276, 548
causes of dispersion, i, 318
cavalla, ii, 266, 272-292
cavefish, ii, 201, 523, 524
- Eigenmann on, ii, 524
- figure of, i, 117
Cebedichthys, ii, 512
Centaurus,
- larva of figured, i, 143
centers of distribution, i, 244
Centrarchidæ, i, 209, 232, 290; ii, 304, 320, 327, 380
- family of, ii, 297
Centrarchus, i, 302; ii, 297
Centriscidæ, ii, 227, 235
- family of, ii, 234
Centriscus, i, 393; ii, 235
Centrogenys, ii, 320
Centrolepis, ii, 14
Centrolophiidæ, ii, 283
Centrolophius, i, 260; ii, 286
Centrophoroides, i, 546
Centrophorus, i, 546
Centropomidæ, ii, 319
Centropomus, i, 271, 273; ii, 309
- figure of, i, 324; ii, 319
Centropristes, i, 136; ii, 328, 329
- eggs of, figured, i, 135
Centroscymnus, i, 546
Centrolabrus, ii, 387
Cephalacanthidæ, i, 208
- family of, ii, 458
Cephalacanthus, ii, 458
- figure of, ii, 456
Cephalaspidæ, i, 576, 623
Cephalaspis, i, 444, 569, 571
- figure of, i, 576, 577, 579
Cephalopholis, ii, 324, 325
Cephaloscyllium, i, 197
Cepola, i, 260, 264, 393; ii, 363
Cepolidæ, the, ii, 363
Ceratacanthus, ii, 414
Ceratias,
- figure of, ii, 548
Ceratiidæ, i, 276
Ceratobatis, i, 560
Ceratocottus, ii, 443
Ceratodontidæ, i, 600, 612
- family of, i, 613
Ceratodus, i, 77, 85, 613-616
Ceratoscopelus,
- figure of, ii, 133
Ceratiidæ, ii, 547-549
Cerdale, i, 271
Cerdalidæ, ii, 516
cestodes, i, 344
Cestraciont shark, i, 526, 527, 530
- Eastman on, i, 529
- teeth, figured, i, 527
Cestraciontes, i, 438, 519, 566
- Eastman on, i, 529
- families of, i, 528
- suborder of, i, 526
- teeth of figured, i, 527, 529
Cetomimidæ, ii, 132
Cetomimus,
- figure of, ii, 132
Cetorhinus,
- figure of, i, 540
Cetorhinidæ,
- family of, i, 539
Cette, i, 396
Chaca, i, 170
Chacidæ, ii, 184
Chænobryttus, i, 302; ii, 300
Chætobranchus, ii, 381
Chætodipterus,
- figure of, i, 325, 401
Chætodon, i, 235, 242, 267, 391; ii, 400, 403, 405, 406
- figure of, i, 143; ii, 402
Chætodontidæ, i, 206; ii, 245, 291, 381, 398, 402, 404, 405
Chætodonts, ii, 247
Chalacodus, i, 566
Challenger, the, ii, 60, 130
Champsodon, ii, 361
Champsodontidæ, ii, 361
Chanos, i, 205; ii, 221
- figure of, ii, 45
Chanidæ,
- family of, ii, 44
Channa,
- figure of, ii, 370
channel bass, ii, 355
channel catfish,
- figure of, i, 280
channel-cats, the, ii, 179, 182
Channomuræna, ii, 153
Chanoides, ii, 44
Chapala Lake,
- fishes of, ii, 216
Characidæ, ii, 161, 162
Characin, i, 290
Characinidæ, i, 205, 290; ii, 381
Characins, ii, 61, 160-162, 186
Characodon, ii, 201
characters,
- of Elasmobranchs, i, 507
- of species, i, 292
Charitosomus, ii, 56
charr, ii, 67, 99, 107, 114, 122
Charlevoix, ii, 64
Chasmistes, i, 304, 316; ii, 172
Chasmodes, ii, 509
Chauliodontidæ, ii, 129
Chauliodus,
- figure of, ii, 129
Chaunax, ii, 551
Cheilio, ii, 390
Cheilinus, ii, 390
Cheilodipteridæ,
- family of, ii, 278
Cheilodipterus, ii, 278
- figure of, ii, 279
Cheiracanthus, i, 517
Cheirodopsis, ii, 15
Cheirodus, ii, 14
Cheirolepis, ii, 14
Chelidonichthys, i, 260; ii, 456
Chelmo, ii, 404
Chelonichthyidæ, i, 586
Chelonopsis, ii, 425
Chonerhinus, ii, 419
cherna, ii, 324
chevron, ii, 89
chiasma, ii, 4
Chiasmodon, ii, 136
- figure of, i, 29; ii, 360
Chiasmodontidæ, ii, 215, 360
Chilobranchidæ, ii, 141
Chilomycterus,
- figure of, ii, 423
Chiloscyllium, i, 56, 533
- pectoral fin of, i, 66
Chimæra, i, 23, 35, 85, 204, 393, 435, 437, 448, 507, 509, 512-514, 545, 561-567, 595, 610
- of California, i, 564
- Dean on, i, 563
- figure of, i, 449, 564, 565
- Parker on, i, 563
Chimæridæ,
- family of, i, 564
Chimæroids, i, 224, 583
Chimæropsis, i, 566
China fish,
- snake-headed, ii, 371
Chinese whitebait, ii, 127, 128
chinook, ii, 69
chirivita, ii, 405
Chirocentridæ, ii, 46
Chirocentrus, ii, 46, 48
Chirolophis, ii, 512
Chiropterygium, i, 600, 605
Chirostoma,
- figure of, i, 329; ii, 217
Chirothricidæ, ii, 133
Chirothrix,
- figure of, ii, 46, 134
chisel-mouth, ii, 169
Chlamydoselachidæ,
- family of, i, 525
Chlamydoselachus, i, 361, 447, 448, 509, 521, 536
- figure of, i, 523
Chlarias, i, 98, 290; ii, 186, 187
- figure of, i, 457; ii, 185
Chlariidæ, ii, 184, 185
Chlevastes, ii, 150
- figure of, i, 232
Chloropthalmus, i, 260; ii, 130
Chloroscombrus, ii, 276
chochouwo, ii, 403
chogset, ii, 387
Chologaster, i, 203, 204, 223
- Eigenmann on, ii, 203
- figure of, i, 116; ii, 201
- Garman on, ii, 202
- Hoppin on, ii, 203
Chondrenchelys, i, 521
Chondropterygians, i, 508
Chondropterygii, i, 391
Chondrostei, i, 623, 624; ii, 2, 5, 13
- order of, ii, 17
Chondrosteidæ, ii, 17, 18
Chondrosteus, i, 622
Chonerhinidæ, ii, 419
Chopa, ii, 344, 350
- figure of, ii, 349
Chordata, i, 460
Chordate animals, i, 460
- lowest forms figured, i, 465
Chordates, i, 508, 584, 597; ii, 1
Chorisochismus, ii, 531
Chriodorus, ii, 212
Chromides,
- suborder of, ii, 380
Chromis, i, 166; ii, 381
Chrondrosteus,
- figure of, ii, 18
Chrosomus, i, 304; ii, 164, 167
chub, ii, 118, 147, 163
- figure of, ii, 169
- of Great Basin, ii, 169
- of Pacific, ii, 169
chub of Great Basin,
- figure of, i, 287
chub-mackerel, i, 94
chub-sucker, i, 292
- figure of, i, 315; ii, 172
chum, ii, 72
cichla, ii, 380
Cichlasoma, ii, 381
cichlid, i, 290
Cichlidæ, i, 209, 290; ii, 380, 381
- organs of smell in, i, 115
cigar-fish, ii, 274
ciguatera, i, 182-185; ii, 335, 411, 413
Cimolichthys, ii, 133
Ciona, i, 481
Cirrhilabrus, ii, 390
Cirrhitidæ, the, ii, 363, 426
Cirrhitus, i, 271
- figure of, ii, 364
Cirrostomi, i, 482, 595
cisco, ii, 65
Citharichthys, i, 274; ii, 489
Citharinus, ii, 162
Citula, i, 202; ii, 276
Cladistia, i, 602
- order of, i, 605
Cladodontidæ, i, 520, 522
Cladodus, i, 65, 80, 437
- pectoral fin of, i, 521
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 521
- teeth of, figured, i, 522
Cladoselache, i, 64, 66, 79, 80, 437, 446, 448, 510, 571, 573, 623
- Dean on, i, 518
- figure of, i, 65, 514, 515
- primitive character of, i, 514
- teeth of, figured, i, 515
- ventral view of, i, 515
Cladoselachidæ, i, 514
- family of, i, 523
clam-cracker, i, 556
Clark,
- on eulachon, ii, 125
Clarke, i, 416
claspers, i, 124, 125
classification,
- Coues on, i, 370
- of Elasmobranchs, i, 509, 510
- of fishes, i, 367-386
- of instincts, i, 154
- morphological, i, 371
- natural, i, 370
- terms used in, i, 462
Clastes,
- Eastman on, ii, 32
Clavellinidæ, i, 475
clavicle,
- figure of, i, 87
- of sea catfish, i, 87
Claypole, i, 426
- portrait of, i, 409
cleavages, i, 135
Clepticus, ii, 388
Clidoderma, ii, 494
Climatius, i, 446
- figure of, i, 518
climbing-fish, ii, 367
climbing-perch,
- figure of, ii, 366
clingfish, ii, 529
- figure of, i, 198; ii, 531
- Günther on, ii, 529, 530
- sucking-disk in, i, 198
Clinocottus, ii, 448
Clinton, ii, 64
Clinus, i, 208; ii, 507, 511, 513, 516
Cloquet, i, 397
Cloudy Bay cod, ii, 520
Clupanodon, ii, 53
Clupea, i, 204, 329, 391
- figure of, i, 331, ii, 49
Clupeidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, 49, 52, 53
clupeiform, ii, 11
clupeoid, ii, 10
Clupeidea, the, ii, 41
coalfish, i, 209; ii; 438, 537
Coal measures,
- fishes of, i, 223
- teeth found in, i, 65
Costa, i, 412
coast lines,
- effect on distribution, i, 248
cobbler-fish, ii, 276
cobia, ii, 282
Cobitidæ, ii, 175, 185
Cobitis, i, 391; ii, 176
Cobitopsidæ,
- family of, ii, 224
Cobitopsis,
- figure of, ii, 224
Coccoderma, i, 605
Coccosteans, i, 581
Coccosteidæ, i, 622, 623, 584, 586
Coccosteus, i, 583, 584, 587, 590, 593, 596, 623
- figure of, i, 582
cochino, ii, 413
Cochliodontidæ, i, 530
- family of, i, 531
Cochliodus,
- lower jaw figured, i, 531
cock-and-hen paddle, ii, 453
cock-of-palace-under-sea, ii, 472
cockeye pilot,
- figure of, ii, 382
Coccolepis, ii, 14
cod, ii, 51
codfish, i, 122, 128, 290; ii, 481, 501, 532, 533
- figure of, i, 331; ii, 535
- Gill on, ii, 534
- Goode on, ii, 534
- pectoral fin of, i, 66
- reproduction of, ii, 535
- Sars on, ii, 535
codling, ii, 538
Cœlacanthidæ, i, 605
Cœlacanthus,
- figure of, i, 604
Cœlolepia, i, 573
Cœlodus, ii, 22
Cœlolepidæ, i, 573
coho, ii, 72
collection of fishes, i, 429-434
- by explosives, i, 430
- by poison, i, 430
- tackle for, i, 430
Collett, i, 408, 427
- portrait of, i, 403
Collie, i, 564
Collins,
- on catastrophe to tilefishes, ii, 362
- on halibut, ii, 490
Cololabis, ii, 212
Colocephali, ii, 140-142, 153
- suborder of, ii, 152
Colomesus, ii, 421
Colorado trout,
- figure of, ii, 106
colors of fishes, i, 226-236
- of coral-fishes, i, 235
- fading of, in spirits, i, 235
- intensity of, i, 232
- nuptial, i, 230
- protective, i, 226-229
- sexual, i, 230
- variation of, i, 235
Columbia,
- figure of, ii, 242
Comephoridæ, the, ii, 455
Comephorus, ii, 524
Commerson, i, 395
commissure, i, 112
common eel,
- figure of, ii, 143
common skate,
- figure of, i, 552
common sucker,
- figure of, ii, 174
common sunfish,
- figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, 301
conceptions of genus, i, 375
Conchopona, i, 613
conclusions,
- of Cope on dispersion, i, 286
- of Evermann, i, 274
- of Hill, 277-279
- as to Isthmus of Suez, i, 269
- of Jenkins, i, 274
conger eels, ii, 149, 151
- figure of, ii, 150
Congiopodidæ, ii, 436
Congiopus, ii, 436
Congo River,
- fishes from, i, 78, 607
Congriopus, ii, 514
Congrogadidæ, ii, 519
Connoly,
- on calling fishes, i, 168
Conocara, ii, 60
Conodontes, i, 487
- figure of, i, 488
Conorhynchus, i, 128
constantino, ii, 320
Cooper, i, 419
- on long-jawed goby, ii, 463
Cope, i, 84, 311, 419, 428, 512, 602; ii, 1, 4, 13, 24, 35, 56, 159
- on classification, i, 406
- conclusions of, 286
- on dispersion, i, 286, 287
- on eels, ii, 139
- on fossil forms, ii, 32
- on isocercal tail, i, 84
- on ostracophores, ii, 569
- portrait of, i, 407
- sketch of, i, 406
Copeland, i, 420
- portrait of, i, 421
Copelandellus, ii, 315
Coquille, i, 408
coracoid, i, 88, 90
coraco-scapular, i, 87
coral reefs,
- at Apia, figured, i, 234
- fishes of, i, 235, 297
- fish life in, i, 215
Corax,
- teeth of, figured, i, 543
Coregoni, ii, 67
Coregonus, i, 291, 305, 316, 322, 391; ii, 62, 65, 439
- figure of, i, 321; ii, 63
Coreoperca, ii, 320
Coris, ii, 390
cormorant-fishing, ii, 116-119
- illustrations of, i, 333, 335
cornet-fishes, ii, 390
- family of, ii, 233
Cornide, i, 396
coronado, ii, 274
corpus vestiforme, i, 112
corsair, ii, 430
Corvula, ii, 355
Corynolophus, i, 189; ii, 549
- figure of, i, 188
- luminous bulb in, i, 188
Coryphæna, i, 210, 391
- figure of, ii, 287
Coryphænidæ,
- family of, ii, 286
Coryphænoides,
- figure of, i, 83; ii, 541
- leptocercal, tail of, i, 83
Coryphopterus, ii, 462
Corythroichthys, ii, 236
Costa, i, 412
Cottidæ, i, 208, 290; ii, 363, 442, 449, 453, 455, 501, 504, 525
- family of, i, 441
- fossil forms, i, 449
Cottocomephorus, ii, 525
Cottogaster, i, 300
Cottunculus, i, 219; ii, 441, 447, 449
Cottus, i, 169, 219, 312, 391; ii, 443, 445, 449
- figure of, ii, 444, 445, 446
Couch, i, 410
- on fighting-fish, i, 165
- on skippers, ii, 21
Coues,
- on classification, i, 368
- on meaning of species, i, 379
- on synonymy, i, 374
cowfish,
- figure of, i, 373; ii, 416
- skeleton of figured, i, 215; ii, 418
cow's tongue, ii, 497
crab-eater, ii, 282
Cragin, i, 171
craig-fluke, ii, 494
Cramer, i, 408, 420, 422
cramp-fishes, i, 554
cranial nerves,
- figure of, i, 111
Craniomi,
- suborder of, ii, 456
Craniotes, i, 588
cranium,
- bones of, i, 36-39
- inferior view, i, 38
- lateral view, i, 36
- posterior view, i, 40
- of Roccus, figured, i, 36-39
- of Sebastolobus, i, 53
- superior view, i, 37
crappie, ii, 168, 297
- figure of, ii, 297
- photograph of, ii, 298
Cratinus, i, 271
cravo, ii, 244
crawl-a-bottom, ii, 312
crayfish, ii, 147
creek fish,
- figure of, i, 315; ii, 172
Crenilabrus, i, 207, 260, 267; ii, 387
creole-fish, ii, 328, 329
Crescent lake trout, ii, 101
Cricodus, i, 603
Cristiceps, i, 208; ii, 508, 513
Cristivomer, i, 291; ii, 62, 115
- figure of, ii, 114
croaker, ii, 353, 355
Cromeriidæ, ii, 56
cross-bow shooter, ii, 413
Crossognathidæ, ii, 215, 521
- family of, ii, 224
Crossopholis, ii, 21
Crossopterygians, i, 78, 79, 89, 91, 204, 436, 457, 511-515, 591, 602, 623, 624; ii, 38
- figure of, i, 451
- fins of, i, 601
Crossopterygii, i, 382, 462, 599, 600, 601, 608
crustacean parasites, i, 340
Cryptacanthididæ, ii, 516
Cryptacanthodes,
- figure of, i, 516
Cryptocentrus, i, 264; ii, 462
Cryptopsaras,
- figure of, ii, 547
Cryptotomus,
- figure of, ii, 391
crystal darter,
- figure of, ii, 313
crystal goby, ii, 466
Crystallias,
- figure of, i, 218; ii, 454
Crystallogobius, ii, 466
Ctenochætus, ii, 409
Ctenodentex, ii, 340
Ctenodipterini,
- order of, i, 612
Ctenodontidæ, i, 613
Ctenodus, i, 613
ctenoid scales, i, 20, 21; ii, 39
Ctenoidei, ii, 39, 209
Ctenolabrus, ii, 387
Ctenolates, ii, 320
Ctenoptychius, i, 555
Ctenothrissa,
- figure of, ii, 48
Ctenothrissidæ,
- figure of, ii, 48
cuatro ojos, ii, 194
Cuban fishes, i, 314
cubero, ii, 335
cuboid, i, 19
cub-shark,
- figure of, i, 542
cuckold, ii, 417
- figure of, i, 373; ii, 416
cucugo, ii, 413
cultus cod, ii, 442
- figure of, ii, 440
Cunias, i, 541
cunner, ii, 387
Cunningham,
- on eye of flounder, i, 176
Curimatus, ii, 162
cusk-eel, i, 187, 314; ii, 539
- figure of, ii, 520
cutlass-fishes, i, 149, 210; ii, 267
- figure of, ii, 268
- species of, ii, 472
cutthroat trout, ii, 95-97, 102, 104, 106
Cuvier, i, 103, 105, 400, 404, 428; ii, 39, 307
- Günther on, i, 400
- Lyman on, i, 401
- portrait of, i, 399
Cycleptus, ii, 173
Cycliæ, i, 204, 437, 462, 592, 593
- subclass of, i, 591
Cyclobatis, i, 557
Cycloganoidei, ii, 34
cycloid scales, i, 20, 22; ii, 39
Cycloidei, ii, 39
Cyclopterichthys, ii, 454
Cyclopteridæ, i, 198, 208
- family of, ii, 453
Cyclopterus, i, 391; ii, 453, 455
- figure of, i, 220; ii, 454
Cyclospondyli, i, 510, 543
- order of, i, 545
cyclospondylous, i, 49
cyclospondylous sharks, i, 549
Cyclostomata, i, 593
Cyclostomes, i, 113, 443, 486-505, 570, 596, 592, 617
- extinct forms, i, 487
Cyclostomi, i, 462, 584
Cyclothone, ii, 129
Cyclurus, ii, 36
Cymatogaster, ii, 376
- figure of, i, 125; ii, 372
Cymolutes, ii, 390
Cymothoa, i, 340
Cynoglossinæ, ii, 497
Cynoglossus, ii, 497
Cynoscion, i, 94, 324; ii, 107
- figure of, ii, 353
Cynthia,
- figure of, i, 476
Cynthiidæ, i, 475
Cyprinidæ, i, 33, 46, 205, 230, 251, 285, 287, 290, 406; ii, 65, 161, 162, 164-171
- fossil forms, ii, 174
- species of, ii, 165
Cyprinodon, ii, 198, 201
- figure of, ii, 196
Cyprinodontes, ii, 194
Cyprinodontidæ, i, 290
Cyprinus, i, 391; ii, 170, 174
Cypselurus, ii, 213
- figure of, i, 157, 440
Cyrthaspis, i, 575
Cyttoides, ii, 249
Cyttus, ii, 249
dabonawa, i, 430
dace, i, 251; ii, 118, 162, 166, 168
Dactylagnus, ii, 506
Dactyloscopidæ, ii, 506
Dactyloscopus, ii, 506
daddy sculpin, ii, 445
Dalatias, i, 546
Dalatiidæ, i, 548
Daldorf,
- on capture of Anabas, i, 163
- on climbing-fish, ii, 367
Dale, ii, 539
Dallia, i, 51
- figure of, i, 149; ii, 206
Dalliidæ, i, 290; ii, 206
Damalichthys,
- figure of, ii, 374
damsel-fish, ii, 381
- figure of, ii, 382
Dapediidæ, ii, 25
Dapedium,
- figure of, ii, 25
Dapedoglossus, ii, 56
darters, i, 209, 231, 300, 304; ii, 166, 306, 310-315
darter goby,
- figure of, ii, 462
Darwin, i, 408
- on noises of catfish, i, 168
daruma-okose, ii, 436
Dasyatidæ,
- family of, i, 555
Dasyatis,
- figure of, i, 247, 556
Dasyscopelus, ii, 133
Davis, H. S., ii, 81, 84
- on chinook salmon, ii, 85
Davis, J. W., i, 426
- on fossil teeth, i, 525
Dawson, i, 427, 594
Day, i, 416; ii, 90, 92, 95
- on calling fishes, i, 168
- on electric eel, i, 170
- on grayling, ii, 121
- on Labyrinthici, ii, 365
- on sole, ii, 496, 497
day chub,
- head of, figured, ii, 167
dealfish, ii, 477, 480
- figure of, ii, 478
Dean, i, 512, 591, 594, 595
- on Acanthodei, i, 517, 518
- on Arthrodira, i, 518, 588
- on Chimæras, i, 563
- on fin migration, i, 75
- on fossil forms, i, 422
- on lateral line, i, 23
- on lung-fish, i, 618
- on Ostracophores, i, 571
- portrait of, i, 417
- on sharks, i, 511, 531
- on Teleosts, i, 135
Deania, i, 546
deathfish, i, 183
Death Valley fish,
- figure of, ii, 199
Decapterus, ii, 274
decurrent flounder,
- figure of, i, 441
deep-sea angler,
- figure of, ii, 548
deep-sea Chimæra,
- figure of, i, 449
deep-sea fishes, i, 246, 247, 408; ii, 129
degenerate fishes, i, 210, 211, 216, 218
degeneration,
- of eye, i, 220
- in fishes, i, 54
- in lamprey, i, 217
- of structure, i, 216
- in tunicates, i, 480
Delaroche, i, 95
Dekay, i, 418
Delfin,
- on hagfishes, i, 489
Deltistes, ii, 172
Deltodus, i, 531
Dendrodus, i, 603
dentary, i, 606
Dentex, i, 94; ii, 338, 340
Dercetes, ii, 136
Dercetidæ, ii, 136, 137, 158
Derepodichthyidæ, ii, 520
Derichthyidæ, ii, 155
Derichthys, ii, 153
- figure of, ii, 156
Dermopteri, i, 486
Desmarest, i, 396
development, i, 217
- of bony fishes, i, 135
- Dean on, i, 135
- embryonic, i, 133
- of flounders, i, 144
- heredity in, i, 134
- of horsehead-fish, i, 148
- of paired fins, i, 66
devil ray,
- figure of, i, 559
De Vis, i, 416
Devonian,
- fishes, i, 436
- lamprey, i, 563
- sharks from, i, 65
Diabasis, i, 375
diablo, ii, 552
Dialarchus, ii, 448
Dialommus, i, 117
diamond,
- fishes, ii, 398
- flounder, ii, 493
- snapper, ii, 337
Diaphus, ii, 133
- figure of, ii, 132
Dibothrium, 345
- figure of, ii, 103
Dibranchus, i, 207; ii, 552
Dicentrodus, i, 522
Dicentrarchus, i, 324; ii, 321, 330
dichotomous rays, i, 596
Dicranodus, i, 521
Dictyorhabdidæ, i, 565
Dictyorhabdus, i, 435, 565, 578
Dictyopyge, ii, 16
Dictyopygidæ, ii, 14
Dictyosoma, 512
Didemnidæ, i, 477
Didymaspis, i, 576
Didymodus, i, 521, 525
Dinematichthys, ii, 524
Dinichthyidæ, i, 587
Dinichthys, i, 587, 589
- figure of, i, 445, 584
- jaws of figured, i, 583
Diodon, i, 273, 393, 394
- figure of, i, 17; ii, 422
Diodontidæ,
- family of, ii, 422
diœcious fishes, i, 124
diphycercal tail, i, 49, 81, 83, 84, 507, 513, 516, 598
- Boulenger on, i, 84
- Dollo on, i, 84
Diplacanthidæ, i, 517, 518
Diplacanthus,
- figure of, i, 517
Diplectrum, ii, 329
Diplesion,
- figure of, i, 247; ii, 312
Diplodus, ii, 347
- figure of, ii, 346
Diplognathus, i, 584, 589
Diplomystes, ii, 178
Diplomystidæ, ii, 178
Diplomystus,
- figure of, i, 205, 453; ii, 52
Diploneumoni, i, 612, 619
Diploprion, ii, 327
Diplopterus, i, 82, 604
Diplospondyli, i, 509, 523
Diplurus, i, 605
Dipneusti, i, 405, 462, 582, 599, 601, 605, 607, 622, 624; ii, 4
- relationship of, i, 609, 610
- subclass of, i, 609-622
Dipnoans, i, 436, 512, 572, 582, 583; ii, 3, 8
- air-bladder in, i, 101
- classification of, i, 612
- ear sac in, i, 120
- figure of, i, 449
- pectoral fin in, i, 60
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 86, 88
Dipnoi, i, 77, 85, 89, 382
Diptera, ii, 306
Dipteridæ, i, 612
Dipterus, i, 612
- figure of, i, 437, 449
Discobatis, i, 553
Discocephali, ii, 459-480
- Gill on, ii, 470
- suborder of, ii, 468
diseases of fishes, i, 340-358
- contagious, i, 340
- parasitic, i, 342
- remedies for, i, 342
Dismal Swamp fish,
- figure of, i, 116; ii, 201
dispersion of fishes,
- Agassiz on, i, 284
- barriers to, i, 297, 310, 311
- causes of, i, 318
- Cope on, i, 286
- by floods, i, 301
- of fresh-water fishes, 282-296
- of river fishes, 297-319
dissection of the fish, i, 26-33
Distomidæ, i, 477
distribution of fishes,
- affected by coast line, i, 247, 261
- agency of currents in, i, 242
- centers of, i, 243
- determined by temperature, i, 241
- of fresh-water forms, i, 249
- general laws of, i, 238
- of marine forms, i, 245
- Panama, barrier to, i, 266
- of shore fishes, i, 263-265
- Suez, barrier to, i, 266
- zones of, i, 249, 251, 252
Ditrema, ii, 375
Dittodus, i, 521, 525
doctor-fish, ii, 408
Döderlein, i, 411, 416
dogfishes, i, 519
- figure of, i, 545
dogoro, ii, 381
dog salmon, ii, 71-73, 80, 81
dog snapper, ii, 336
Dolichoglossus, i, 463
Doliolum, i, 479
dollar-fish, ii, 283
Dollo, i, 415, 427, 600, 601; ii, 502
- portrait of, i, 413
- on tail forms, i, 84
Dolloa, ii, 541
Dolly Varden trout, i, 305; ii, 112, 113
- figure of, i, 327; ii, 114
dolphins, i, 210; ii, 286, 362
- figure of, ii, 287
Doncella,
- figure of, i, 297; ii, 180, 396
Donovan, i, 410
dorados, ii, 286
- figure of, ii, 287
Doras, ii, 183
Doratonotus, ii, 388
Dormeur,
- figure of, ii, 460
Dormitator,
- figure of, ii, 461
dorsal fin, i, 10, 603
- figured, i, 49
Dorosoma, i, 32, 300
- figure of, ii, 53
Dorosomatidæ, ii, 53
Dorosomidæ, i, 290
Doryichthys, ii, 236
Dorypteridæ, ii, 14-16
Dorypterus, ii, 15, 16
Draciscus,
- figure of, ii, 452
Draconetta, ii, 506
Draconettidæ, ii, 506
dragonets, i, 246; ii, 504
drawing net at Milo,
- photograph of, i, 281
Drepane, ii, 401
Drepanaspidæ, i, 574
Drepanaspis, i, 570
- figure of, i, 574
Drepanidæ, ii, 401
Drepaniodus, i, 488
drum, i, 290
- figure of, ii, 358
duck-billed eels, ii, 150, 151
Ductor, ii, 278
ducts, i, 28
ductus cholidechus, i, 32
Dufosse,
- on air-bladder, i, 97
Dugès, i, 90, 420
Dugunonutatatori, ii, 472
Duméril, i, 398, 401
duodenum, i, 32
Dussumieriidæ, ii, 52
Dussumieria, ii, 52
Duverncy, i, 390
Duymæria, i, 260; ii, 390
dwarf,
- herring, ii, 54
- perch, ii, 306
- salmon, ii, 117
- sunfish, ii, 467
Dybowsky, i, 411
Dynatobatis, i, 553
Dysommidæ, ii, 150
Dytiscus, ii, 144
eagle ray,
- figure of, i, 558
early writers on fishes, i, 272, 422, 423
earliest sharks, i, 436, 443
ear of fish, i, 119-121
ear sac, i, 119, 120
ear stones, i, 119
earthquakes,
- fatal to fishes, i, 356; ii, 137
Eastman, i, 427, 428
- on Cestraciont shark, i, 529
- on Clastes, ii, 32
- on Neoceratodus, i, 619
- portrait of, i, 425
- on teeth of Edestus, i, 530
Ebisu, the god of fishes, ii, 344
- figure of, ii, 343
Ebisus, ii, 323
Echeneididæ, ii, 468, 470
Echeneis, i, 391; ii, 468, 470, 471
Echidna, i, 211; ii, 152, 153
Echidnocephalus, ii, 138
Echinorhinidæ,
- family of, i, 547
Echinorhinus, i, 547
Echiodon, i, 84
economic fishes, i, 333
ectoblast, i, 152
ectocoracoid, i, 87
ectoderm, i, 139
ectopterygoid, i, 606
Edaphodon, i, 565
Edestus,
- teeth of, figured, i, 529
eel-back flounder,
- figure of, ii, 494
eel-fairs, ii, 142
eel-like fishes, ii, 137-158
eel-mother, ii, 144
eel-pouts,
- figure of, ii, 518, 519
eels, i, 21, 210, 217, 268, 290; ii, 40, 44, 147, 153, 157
- Cope on, ii, 139
- Günther on, ii, 141
- larva of, figured, ii, 148
- migration of, ii, 142
- reproduction of, ii, 143
- species of, ii, 148
- shoulder-girdle in, ii, 142
- Woodward on, ii, 140
effects on distribution,
- of shore line, i, 262
- of temperature, i, 149
Egerton, i, 423
Egertonia, ii, 396
eggs of fish,
- artificial impregnation of, i, 150
- of bottle-nosed chimæra, i, 127
- care of, i, 128
- carrying of, i, 128, 171
- of Embiotocidæ, i, 127
- embryo of, i, 128
- fertilization of, i, 125
- figures of, i, 127
- germ disk in, i, 135
- hatching of, i, 125
- of herring, i, 125
- month incubation of, i, 170, 171
- transportation of, i, 171
Eichwald, i, 411, 427
Eigenmann, i, 415, 420; ii, 147, 148, 376
- on blind fishes, i, 117, 221, 222; ii, 202, 523
- on Nematognathi, ii, 178
- photograph by, i, 222
- portrait of, i, 417
Eigenmannia, ii, 187
eighteen-spined sculpin,
- figure of, ii, 447
Ekström, i, 410
Elacate, ii, 282, 470, 471
Elagatis, ii, 274
Elanura,
- figure of, ii, 444
Elasmobranchiates, i, 384
Elasmobranchii, i, 462, 507, 584; ii, 7
Elasmobranchs, i, 92, 102, 204, 506-522, 571, 583, 588, 589
- characters of, i, 506-508
- classification of, i, 507-510
- ear sac in, i, 120
- geological distribution of, i, 459
- notochord in, i, 57
- subclass of, i, 507
Elassoma, i, 290; ii, 296, 307, 467
- figure of, ii, 295
Elassomidæ, i, 290; ii, 296
- family of, ii, 295
elastic spring, i, 96
Elater, i, 582
electric catfish,
- figure of, ii, 183
electric cells, i, 553
electric eel, i, 186; ii, 140
- Day on, i, 170
electric organs, i, 25, 186, 187
electrophores, ii, 187, 188
Electrophoridæ, ii, 187
Electrophorus, i, 170, 186
Eleotrids, ii, 460
Eleotris, i, 254
- figure of, ii, 460
Elera, i, 414
Eleginus, ii, 537
elephant sharks, i, 540
- figure of, i, 565
Elliott,
- on trout, ii, 105
Elonichthys, ii, 14
Elopidæ, i, 43; ii, 35, 41-44
Elopopsis, ii, 43
Elops, i, 205, 393; ii, 43, 221
- figure of, i, 454; ii, 42
Embiotoca, i, 404
Embiotocidæ, i, 207, 290; ii, 373
- Agassiz on, i, 377-379
- anal fin in, i, 125
- viviparity of, i, 376, 377
Emblemaria,
- figure of, ii, 510
embryo, i, 136, 138, 139
embryology and growth, i, 131-151
Embolichthys, ii, 522
- figure of, ii, 521
emerald-fish, ii, 462
Emery, i, 412; ii, 480, 481
Emmelichthys, i, 262; ii, 346, 347
Emmydrichthys,
- figure of, i, 180; ii, 436
Empetrichthys,
- figure of, ii, 199
Empo, ii, 137
Enantioliparis, ii, 455
Enchelurus, ii, 138
Enchelycephali, ii, 140, 141, 147, 152
- suborder of, ii, 142
Enchelynassa, ii, 153
Enchelyopus,
- figure of, ii, 539
Enchodontidæ, ii, 136, 137
Enchodus, ii, 136
Endoskeleton, i, 439
Enedrias, ii, 512
Engraulididæ, ii, 54
Engraulis, i, 205; ii, 54
Enneacanthus, ii, 301
Enophrys,
- figure of, ii, 443
Enoplosidæ, ii, 317
Enoplosus, i, 268; ii, 317
Enteropneusta, i, 457, 461, 462
- classification of, i, 464
entoderm, i, 138
Entosphenus, i, 490
entozoa, i, 348
Eocottus, ii, 449
Eomyrus, ii, 150
Eopsetta, i, 205; 491
Eothynnus, ii, 266
Epelasmia, ii, 397, 398
Eperlanus, ii, 123
Ephippidæ, ii, 400
Ephippus, i, 268; ii, 400
epiblast, ii, 5
Epigonichthys, i, 483
Epigonus, ii, 317
Epinephelus, i, 19; ii, 323, 330
- figure of, i, 20; ii, 324-326, 328
Epiphysis, i, 112
- figure of, i, 111
Eptatretidæ, i, 489
Eptatretus, i, 490
- figure of, i, 198
equatorial fishes,
- specialization of, i, 248
equatorial zone, i, 251
Eques, ii, 357
Equula, ii, 287
Erebus, i, 408
Ereunias,
- figure of, ii, 450
Ereuniidæ, ii, 449
Ericymba,
- figure of, ii, 165
Erimyzon, i, 292; ii, 175
- figure of, i, 315; ii, 172
Eriptychius, i, 435, 603, 578
Erisichthe, ii, 34
Erismatopteridæ, ii, 242, 296
Erismatopterus, ii, 243
- figure of, ii, 242
Ernogrammus, ii, 513
Erosa, ii, 436
Erpetichthys, i, 204
Erpetoichthys, i, 450
- figure of, i, 608
Erpichthys, i, 608; ii, 510
Erythrichthys, ii, 347
Erythrinidæ, ii, 162
Erythrinus, ii, 160
escolars, ii, 267, 317
Esmarck, i, 410
Esmeralda, ii, 462
esmeralda de mar,
- figure of, ii, 461
Esocidæ, i, 290; ii, 190, 192
Esox, i, 109, 253, 315, 327, 391; ii, 190, 194
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 192
Etelis, i, 262; ii, 338
- figure of, ii, 337
Etheostoma, i, 129, 283; ii, 310, 315
- figure of, i, 231; ii, 314
Etheostominæ, i, 230, 232; ii, 166, 306, 307, 310
ethmoid, ii, 142
Etmopterus,
- figure of, i, 189, 546
etrumei-iwashi, ii, 52
Etrumeus, ii, 52
Eucalia, ii, 232
Eucitharus,
- figure of, ii, 488
Eucinostomus, ii, 347
Eugnathidæ, ii, 26
eulachon, i, 321; ii, 19, 125, 126
- figure of, i, 320; ii, 124
Euleptorhamphus, ii, 212
Eumicrotremus, ii, 135
Euphaneropidæ, i, 576
Euphrosen, i, 396
Eupomotis, i, 283
- figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, 301
European chub,
- pharyngeals of, i, 48
- teeth of, figured, ii, 164
European lancelet,
- figure of, i, 120
European sculpin,
- figure of, i, 219
European soles, ii, 496
Eurylepis, ii, 14
Eurynotus,
- figure of, ii, 15
Eurypharyngidæ, ii, 156
Eurypharynx, ii, 156
Eurypholis,
- figure of, ii, 136, 137
Euselachii, i, 532
Eusthenopteron, i, 603
Eutæniichthys,
- figure of, ii, 467
Euthynotus, ii, 34
Evenchelys, ii, 153
Eventognathi, i, 405; ii, 160, 162
everglade minnow,
- figure of, ii, 197
everglade pigmy perch,
- figure of, ii, 295
Evermann, ii, 69, 100, 103, 354
- on Panama fishes, i, 274
- portrait of, i, 421
- on Two Ocean Pass, i, 307-310
Evermannellidæ, ii, 135
Evermannella, ii, 136
Eviota, ii, 460, 467
evolution of fishes, i, 223-225, 435-459
- Dean on, i, 223
Exerpes,
- figure of, i, 276; ii, 511
Exocœtidæ, ii, 210, 211, 214
Exocœtoididæ, ii, 134
Exocœtoides, ii, 133
Exocœtus, i, 391; ii, 213
Exoglossum,
- head of, figured, ii, 167
Exonautes, ii, 213
exoskeleton, i, 20
Exostoma, ii, 184
extension of Indian fauna, i, 267
exterior of fish, i, 16-25
external gills,
- figure of, i, 78, 602
- Kerr on, i, 76
- Mauer on, i, 77
- Orr on, i, 77
- Rusconi on, i, 77
extinction of species, i, 240
- causes of, i, 241
Eyclesheimer, i, 428
Eydoux, i, 408
eye of fish, i, 119
eye of flounder,
- in larval stage, i, 174
- migration of, i, 173-176
- Williams on, i, 174-178
eye-of-the-sea, ii, 361
Faber, i, 396
Fabricius, i, 394
Facciola, i, 412
factors of extinction, i, 442
fading of pigment in spirits, i, 235
fair maid, ii, 344
fallfish, i, 311; ii, 167
fall-salmon, ii, 80
family,
- definition of, i, 373
fan-tailed darter, ii, 315
Farquhar,
- on Opah, ii, 244
fat cod, ii, 440
fat head, ii, 388
fatherlasher, ii, 445
faunal areas,
- minor, i, 248
- of Japanese fishes, i, 257
faunal resemblances, i, 259, 260
faunal differences, i, 260, 261
favorable waters have most species, i, 301
fear in fishes, i, 163
- expressions of, i, 165
Felichthys,
- figure of, ii, 179
fiatola, ii, 283
Fierasfer, i, 84; ii, 520
- figure of, i, 159; ii, 522, 523
Fierasferidæ, ii, 158, 522
fighting-fish, ii, 370
- of Siam, i, 163
filefish, ii, 413-415
- figure of, i, 182
filiform, i, 19
Filippi, i, 412
finfold, i, 63, 64
- Balfour's theory of, i, 69
fin migration,
- Dean on, i, 75
- of Heterodontus, i, 75
finnan haddie, ii, 537
fins of fishes,
- described, i, 9, 10, 20, 24, 25
- migration of, i, 75
- morphology of, i, 62-90
- origin of, i, 62
fin-spines, i, 528, 529; ii, 39
- of Hybodus, i, 528, 529
- of Onchus, figured, i, 509
Fischer,
- on fishes of Panama, i, 275
Fish Commission,
- fish stocking by, i, 346
fisheries,
- economic, i, 337
- salmon, i, 81, 87
fishes,
- in action, i, 11
- adaptation to environment, i, 156
- affection of, i, 167
- affected by temperature, i, 149
- age of, i, 144, 146
- air-bladder of, i, 12, 92, 93
- alimentary canal in, i, 31
- anadromous, i, 156, 160, 291
- anger of, i, 165
- in aquaria, i, 150, 165
- blood of, i, 11
- body form of, i, 16
- bones of, i, 10
- bony, i, 454, 506
- brain of, i, 12, 14, 109, 112
- breathing of, i, 5, 91, 103
- of British Museum, i, 402
- burrowing of, ii, 463, 465
- care of eggs by, i, 128
- catadromous, i, 162, 291
- catalogues of, i, 402
- channel, i, 291
- circulatory organs of, i, 26
- classification of, i, 367-386
- of Coal Measures, i, 223
- collecting of, i, 429
- color and coloration of, i, 6, 129, 226-236
- conditions of life of, i, 215
- of coral reefs, i, 235
- currents affecting, i, 243, 244
- deep sea, i, 408
- definition of, i, 3
- degeneration in, i, 54, 216, 218-220; ii, 547
- digestion and digestive organs of, i, 11, 26
- diœcious, i, 124
- dispersion of, i, 318
- diseases of, i, 340-358
- dissection of, i, 26, 27
- distortion in, i, 129
- distribution of, i, 237-255, 435
- domestication of, i, 149, 151
- ear of, i, 8, 119-121
- earliest forms of, i, 443
- eggs of, i, 125-135
- electric organs of, i, 25; ii, 187
- embryology of, i, 131-151
- evolution in, i, 223, 435-459
- exterior of, i, 16-25
- extinct, i, 224
- eye of, i, 6, 119
- eye-stalks of, ii, 466
- face of, i, 5
- fins of, i, 9, 10, 24
- flight of, i, 167
- flow of blood in, i, 107
- as food for man, i, 320-339
- food of, i, 11, 29
- form of, i, 4
- fossil, i, 422-428
- fresh-water, i, 250
- gall-bladder in, i, 26
- generalized forms of, i, 224
- gills of, i, 92
- growth of, i, 30, 144
- habits of, i, 152
- hearing of, i, 8, 119
- heart of, i, 11, 28, 106
- herbivorous, i, 30, 155; ii, 364
- hermaphrodite, i, 124
- homologies of bones in, i, 34
- hybridism in, i, 144
- instincts of, i, 154
- intestines of, i, 33
- intromittent organ in, i, 124
- with jugular fins, i, 456
- kidneys of, i, 11, 28
- killed by earthquakes, i, 356
- Labyrinthine, ii, 365
- larval forms, i, 142, 620, 621
- lateral line of, i, 9
- life cycle of, i, 3-5, 152
- lowland, i, 291
- luminous organs of, i, 188-190
- lungs of, i, 98
- measurements of, i, 19
- migration of, i, 160
- monstrosities among, i, 151
- mortality among, i, 357
- mountain, i, 291
- mouth of, i, 29
- muscles of, i, 25
- mythology of, i, 359
- naturalization of, i, 150
- nerves of, i, 12, 14, 109, 113; ii, 368
- nests and nest-building of, i, 15, 167, 128; ii, 184, 229-231
- noises of, i, 121, 168
- nostril of, i, 6
- nuptial colors in, i, 155, 156
- nutrition organs of, i, 29
- organs of,
  - locomotion, i, 24
  - phosphorescence, i, 194
  - reproduction, i, 28, 124-130
  - sense, i, 115-123
  - sight, i, 6, 116
  - smell, i, 115
  - taste, i, 121
  - touch, i, 122
- ovaries, i, 26
- oviparous, i, 125
- ovoviviparous, i, 125
- pain, sense of, in, i, 123
- parasites of, i, 340-344
- parasitic, i, 198
- pectoral limb of, i, 50
- pelagic, i, 156
- pineal eye in, i, 111
- poisonous, i, 180-185, 236; ii, 177, 411, 413, 421, 433,436, 526
- postembryonic development, i, 132
- posterior limbs of, i, 53
- preservation of, i, 431
- problem of highest, i, 383
- protection of young by, i, 128
- pugnacity of, i, 162
- recognition marks in, i, 7, 232, 236
- records of, i, 433
- scales of, i, 20
- sensitiveness to change, i, 150
- sexual modifications in, i, 129
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 50, 52
- skeleton of, i, 10, 214, 215
- specialization in, i, 219, 220, 224, 249; ii, 438
- spinal cord of, i, 112
- spineless, i, 25
- spiral valve in, i, 32
- tail of, i, 49
- teeth of, i, 5, 29
- tenacity of life in, i, 146, 147
- timidity of, i, 166
- tongue of, i, 6, 31
- upland, i, 291
- variety in tropics, i, 333
- viscera of, i, 26
- viviparous, i, 125; ii, 376
- voices of, i, 121
- where found, i, 158, 159
- zeoid, ii, 245
fishes as food, i, 320-339
fishes of Panama,
- Evermann on, i, 274
- Fischer on, i, 275
- Günther on, i, 272, 273
- Hill on, i, 277
- Upham on, i, 276
- Wright on, i, 275
fish faunas,
- genera in, i, 262, 263
- Indian, i, 267
- of Japan, i, 255, 256, 259
- of Mediterranean, i, 259
- of Panama, i, 267
- separated by barriers, i, 255-281
fish fighting, i, 162
fish god of Japan,
- figure of, ii, 343
fish guano, i, 538
Fish-Hawk, the, i, 408; ii, 147
fishing,
- apparatus for, i, 335
- for ayu, i, 333
- for tai, figured, i, 338
- with cormorants, i, 333, 335
- methods of, i, 334
fishing-frog, i, 202; ii, 542
- capture of prey by, i, 169
- figure of, i, 18; ii, 545, 550
fish-like vertebrates, i, 34
fish of Paradise, ii, 369
Fistularia, i, 85, 393; ii, 233, 390
- shoulder-girdle of, ii, 227
Fistulariidæ, ii, 227
- family of, ii, 233
Flammeo, ii, 254
flashers, ii, 331
flatfish family, i, 177; ii, 48
flatheads, ii, 441
Flesus, ii, 493
Fleurieu's whirlpool, ii, 242
flier, ii, 297
flight of fishes, i, 157
Floeberg, ii, 110
Florida jewfish,
- figure of, ii, 323
Florida lion-fish,
- figure of, ii, 433
flounder, i, 117, 178, 203, 440; ii, 483-485, 488, 493, 494
- development of, i, 144
- diamond, ii, 493
- eel-back, ii, 493
- eyes of, i, 118, 174-178
- frog, ii, 493
- lantern, ii, 488
- larval form, i, 176; ii, 483, 484
- migration of eye, figured, ii, 484
- newly hatched, figured, i, 177
- osteology of, ii, 484
- peacock, ii, 488
- pole, ii, 494
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 58; ii, 2
- starry, ii, 493
- tail of, figured, ii, 486
- vertebræ in, i, 205
- wide-eyed, ii, 488
- wide-eyed, figured, i, 175
- young, figured, i, 175; ii, 482
flower of the surf,
- figure of, ii, 218
flow of blood in fish, i, 107
flukes, ii, 494
flying-fish, ii, 211-214
- figure of, i, 157, 341, 440
- parasites of, i, 342
flyfish, ii, 429
flying gurnard, ii, 456, 458
- figure of, i, 457
flying robin, ii, 458
Fodiator,
- figure of, ii, 213
food-fishes,
- abundance of, i, 329
- relative rank of, i, 320
food of lampreys, i, 491
foolfishes, i, 206; ii, 413
Foot-notes to Evolution,
- reference to, i, 302
foramen, i, 92
forelle, i, 327
Forcipiger, ii, 404
Forgy,
- on oarfish, ii, 473
Forbes, i, 419
- on fish epidemics, i, 340
formalin,
- as preservative, i, 432
Forskål, i, 394
Forster, i, 395
fossil capelin, ii, 126, 127
fossil darters, ii, 315
fossil fishes, i, 205; ii, 48, 52, 53, 56, 174
- Agassiz on, i, 422, 423
- Dean on, i, 422
- earliest forms, i, 568
- figure of, i, 436, 454; ii, 47, 59
- first period of, i, 423
- from Green River, ii, 59
- morphological work on, i, 427
- second period, i, 424
- study of, i, 424
- third period, i, 427
fossil gobies, ii, 467
fossil herring,
- figure of, i, 453; ii, 52
fossil trout, ii, 62, 118
four-eyed fish,
- figure of, i, 117
four-spined stickleback,
- figure of, ii, 232
Fowler, i, 422
fox shark, i, 536
Frère Jacques, ii, 255
fresh-water eels, ii, 149
fresh-water fishes, i, 209; ii, 157, 160, 161
- dispersion of, i, 282-296
- distribution of, i, 249
- Günther on, i, 249
- of Japan, i, 256
- of North America, i, 290
fresh-water minnows, i, 33
fresh-water perch,
- figure of, ii, 373
Friar Odoric,
- on fear in fishes, i, 166
Fries, i, 410
frilled shark, i, 361, 516
- figure of, i, 525
Fritsch, i, 427, 428, 512
frog,
- arm of, figured, i, 601
frogfish, i, 197; ii, 549
- figure of, ii, 551
frog flounder, ii, 493
frostfish, ii, 537
Fucus, ii, 512
Fullarton, i, 177
function of lateral line, i, 23
Fundulus, ii, 194, 199
- figure of, i, 198
fur seal,
- food of, ii, 127, 537
Gadidæ, i, 290; ii, 522, 533
Gadopsidæ, ii, 516
Gadus, i, 209, 391
- figure of, i, 331; ii, 533
Gazza, ii, 287
gaff-topsail cat,
- figure of, ii, 179
Gaidropsarus, i, 209; ii, 539
Gaimard, i, 406
galafata, ii, 413
Galaxias, i, 223, 252, 253, 254
- Boulenger on, ii, 204, 205
Galaxiidæ,
- family of, ii, 204
Galei, i, 532
Galeidæ, i, 540
Galeichthys, i, 128, 242, 271, 273; ii, 178
- figure of, ii, 179
Galeocerdo, i, 541, 542
Galeoid sharks, i, 519
Galeorhinidæ, i, 532, 540
Galeorhinus, i, 454
Galeus,
- figure of, i, 541
gall-bladder, i, 26
galliwasp, ii, 130
galo, ii, 394
Gambusia, i, 64, 66, 67; ii, 199
Ganocephala, i, 85, 86
Ganoidei, i, 444, 599, 616; ii, 2, 3, 13
Ganoids, i, 22, 38, 88, 91, 139, 157, 159, 186, 204, 384, 569, 622; ii, 1-36
- Agassiz on, ii, 9
- air-bladder in, i, 109
- classification of, ii, 13
- Gill on, ii, 9
- as a group, ii, 4, 9
ganoid fish, i, 582
- figure of, i, 452, 453
Garden, i, 390
Garibaldi,
- figure of, i, 227; ii, 382
garfish, ii, 147, 210, 211
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 59
Garman, i, 405, 408, 420; ii, 183
- on blind fish, ii, 202
- on frilled shark, i, 525
- on Sunapee trout, ii, 109
garpike, i, 290; ii, 30-32
- figure of, ii, 27
- fossil, ii, 32
- tail of, i, 82
- vertebræ of, i, 48
garrupa, ii, 323
gaspergou, ii, 354
Gasteronemus, ii, 288
- figure of, ii, 289
Gasterosteidæ, i, 128, 290
- family of, ii, 228, 232
Gasterosteus, i, 161, 172, 391; ii, 229, 231, 236
- Lord on, ii, 230
- figure of, ii, 232
Gastrostomus,
- figure of, ii, 156
gastrula, i, 131, 132
Gaudry,
- on leptocercal tail, i, 84
Gay, i, 415
Gegenbaur, i, 428, 511, 512, 591, 594, 601
- on archipterygium, i, 60
- on morphology, i, 68
- on pectoral fin, i, 67
- theory of, i, 73
Gempylidæ,
- family of, ii, 267
Gempylus, ii, 267
general laws,
- of development, i, 133
- of distribution, i, 239
generalization and specialization, i, 380
genital organs, i, 124
genus, i, 375
- definition of, i, 372
Genyonemus, ii, 356
Genypterus, ii, 520
geographical distribution, i, 237-259
- of sharks, charted, i, 459
geological evidence of submergence, i, 268
Geophagus, ii, 381
Geotria, i, 491
Gephyrura, ii, 201
Gephyroberyx, ii, 252
gephyrocercal tail, i, 84, 604
- figure of, i, 85
German carp, ii, 175
germ-cells, i, 124
Germo, 210; ii, 262, 266
- figure of, ii, 263
Gerres, i, 271, 273
- figure of, ii, 349
Gerridæ, i, 206; ii, 372
- family of, ii, 347
Gervais, i, 408
ghost-fishes, ii, 150, 516
giant bass, ii, 324
Gibbes, i, 426
Gibbons, i, 419
- on Embiotocidæ, ii, 377
Gibbonsia,
- figure of, ii, 508
gibbus, ii, 45
Gigactinidæ, ii, 551
Giglioli, i, 412
Gila, i, 304; ii, 169
Gilbert, i, 408, 415, 420; ii, 239
- on Astroscopus, i, 187
- on coracoid plate, ii, 206
- on flight of fishes, i, 157
- on island forms, i, 240
- on larval forms, i, 142
- portrait of, i, 421
Gilbertidia, ii, 441, 447, 449
- figure of, ii, 451
Gill, i, 408, 419, 448, 528, 591, 594, 600; ii, 24, 34, 40, 52, 317, 365, 366, 502, 511
- on anglers, ii, 543
- on Discocephali, ii, 470, 471
- on eels, ii, 143, 156
- on high and low forms, i, 383
- on work of Lacépède, i, 398
- on New Zealand fauna, i, 252
- on paired limbs, i, 85
- portrait of, i, 407
- on Selachii, i, 509
- on shoulder-girdle, i, 86-89
- sketch of, i, 405
- on soles, ii, 496
- on swallowers, ii, 360, 361
- on tilefish, ii, 361, 362
gill,
- arches, i, 45, 91, 508
- basket, figured, i, 92, 485
- covers, i, 44
- filaments, i, 107
- offices of, i, 11
- openings, i, 91
- rakers, i, 31, 46
- septum, i, 73
- slits, i, 508
Gillellus, ii, 506
Gillichthys, ii, 462
- figure of, ii, 463
Gillicus, ii, 48
Ginglymodi, ii, 24, 30
Ginglymostoma, i, 533
Ginglymostomidæ, i, 533
Girard, i, 405, 419; ii, 378, 379
girdle in Dipnoans, i, 86
Girella, ii, 348
gisu, ii, 46
gizzard-shad, i, 290; ii, 51, 53
glacial epoch,
- effect on dispersion, i, 316
Glaucosoma, ii, 323, 340
Glandiceps, i, 465
Glanencheli, ii, 187
glassy darter, ii, 313
glenoid, i, 90
Glesnæs oarfish, ii, 472
- figure of, i, 363
globefishes, i, 197, 440, 455; ii, 419
- figure of, i, 244; ii, 422
Globulodus, ii, 15
Glossobalanus,
- figure of, i, 464
- larva of, figured, i, 463
glut-herring, ii, 50
Glyphisodon, i, 267
- figure of, ii, 383
Glyptocephalus, i, 206; ii, 494
Glyptolepis, i, 603
Glyptopomus, i, 604
Gmelin, i, 395, 397
Gnathanacanthidæ, ii, 514
Gnathodentex, ii, 341
Gnathonemus,
- figure of, ii, 189
Gnathostomata, i, 78
Gnathostomes, i, 35, 572, 573
Gnathostomi, i, 508, 570
Gnathypops,
- figure of, ii, 359
goatfish, i, 198; ii, 351, 379
- figure of, i, 122
gobies, i, 428; ii, 459
Gobiesox, ii, 529, 530, 531
Gobiidæ, i, 22, 206, 290; ii, 306
- family of, ii, 459
Gobius, i, 208, 273, 391; ii, 461, 467
Gobio, ii, 167, 175
Gobioides, ii, 467
Gobioidea, ii, 470
Gobioidei, 11, 459-480
- suborder of, ii, 459
Gobiomorus,
- figure of, i, 160
Gobionellus, i, 208
- figure of, ii, 461
Gobiosoma, i, 313; ii, 462
goblin sharks,
- figures of, i, 535
goby, i, 290; ii, 462, 466
gofu, ii, 434
- figure of, i, 229
goggler, ii, 275
golden,
- shiner, ii, 167
- goldsinny, ii, 387
- surmullet,
  - figure of, i, 322; ii, 352
- trout, ii, 99
goldfish, ii, 170, 171
- of Japan, i, 151
Gomphosus, ii, 390
Goniistius, ii, 363
Goniognathus, ii, 287
Gonioplectrus, ii, 323
Gonorhynchidæ, ii, 54-56
Gonorhynchus, ii, 56
Gonostoma, ii, 129
Gonostomidæ, ii, 129
Gonzalez, i, 414
Goodea, ii, 199, 201
- figure of, i, 126; ii, 200
- with young, figured, i, 126
Goodsira, i, 476
goody, ii, 356
goosefish, ii, 545
Gorbuscha, ii, 73
Goode, i, 408, 419; ii, 307, 308
- on albacore, ii, 267
- on American fisheries, i, 335
- on codfish, ii, 534
- estimate of herring product, i, 330
- on fishing-frog, ii, 545
- on habits of mullets, ii, 219, 220
- on mackerel, ii, 260, 264, 265
- on menhaden, ii, 51
- portrait of, i, 407
- on swordfish, ii, 270
Gordiichthys, i, 211; ii, 153
Gordius, ii, 143, 144
Gosfordia, i, 613
Gosse, i, 415
Gouan, i, 397
gatasami, ii, 361
Gottsche, i, 428
goujon, ii, 182
gourami, ii, 369
gouramy,
- nest of, i, 167
Grammicolepidæ,
- family of, ii, 249
Grammicolepis, ii, 249
Grammistes, ii, 330
grande écaille,
- figure of, ii, 43
Granodus, i, 565
Grantea, ii, 544
Graphiurus, i, 605
Grassi, i, 428
grass rockfish, ii, 429
Gray, i, 416
grayling, i, 150, 305; ii, 120-138
gray snapper, ii, 335
- figure of, ii, 334
Great Basin,
- chub of, i, 287
- dispersion of fishes in, i, 316
- fishes of, i, 302
great blue cat, ii, 180
great oarfish, ii, 472
Greeley, i, 422
Green,
- on Sacramento perch, i, 179
green-backed trout, ii, 104
- figure of, ii, 105
green cod, ii, 537
Greene,
- on Porichthys, i, 190-197; ii, 526
greenfish, ii, 348
Greenland char, ii, 109
Greenland halibut, ii, 491
Greenland shark, i, 547
greenling, ii, 439
- figure of, ii, 440
green mackerel,
- figure of, ii, 275
Green River shales, i, 205; ii, 52, 57-59
green rockfish, ii, 429
green-sided darter,
- figure of, i, 247; ii, 312
green wrasse, ii, 387
Gregarinidia, i, 242
grenadier, i, 84; ii, 540
- figure of, ii, 541
grilse, ii, 91
grindle, ii, 35
griset,
- figure of, i, 523
Gronias, ii, 181
Gronovius, i, 390
groupers, ii, 323
grubby, ii, 446
grunt, i, 239
- figure of, ii, 340
grunters, ii, 340
gruntfishes, i, 121
Grystes, i, 302
Guacamaia, ii, 394
- figure of, i, 330
guahu, ii, 266
guasa, ii, 323
guavina de rio, ii, 459
- figure of, ii, 460
Guaymas,
- fishes of, i, 274
gudgeon, i, 122; ii, 167
Guichenot, i, 412, 415
guipo, ii, 512
guitar-fishes, i, 550
- figure of, i, 551
gular plate, i, 43; ii, 33
Güldenstadt, i, 395
Gulf Stream, i, 239
- deep-sea fish of, i, 276
gulper-eel, ii, 156
gulpers, ii, 155
gunnel,
- figure of, ii, 512
Gunner, i, 396; ii, 245
Günther, i, 88, 255, 259, 404; ii, 3, 95, 135, 161, 183, 229, 371
- on archipterygium, i, 60
- on Barramunda, i, 615
- catalogue of, i, 402
- on work of Cuvier, i, 400
- on deep-sea fishes, ii, 136
- on dispersion, i, 289
- on eels, ii, 141
- on electrophores, ii, 188
- estimate of eggs by, i, 128
- on fishes of Panama, i, 272, 273
- on Lepidosteus, ii, 5
- on month gestation, i, 173
- on pain in fishes, i, 123
- on poison glands, i, 180; ii, 527-529
- portrait of, i, 403
- on respiration, i, 91
- on salmon, ii, 92
- on sea-devils, ii, 547
- on trout, ii, 94
- on variation in vertebræ, i, 210
- on zones of distribution, i, 249, 251
gunwale, ii, 512
Gurley,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 342
gurnard, i, 122, 198, 208, 209; ii, 456
gurry shark, i, 547
Gymnarchidæ, ii, 188
Gymnarchus, ii, 188
Gymnelis, i, 209; ii, 519
Gymnocanthus, ii, 448
Gymnocephalus, ii, 241, 310
Gymnodontes, ii, 398, 411, 418, 422
Gymnosarda, ii, 262
Gymnothorax, i, 211, 274; ii, 152
- figure of, i, 458; ii, 154, 155
Gymnonoti, ii, 159-161, 188
- order of, ii, 187
Gymnotidæ, ii, 187
Gymnotus, i, 391
Gyrinidæ, ii, 222
Gyrodus,
- figure of, ii, 22
Gyrolepis, ii, 14
Gyrosteus, ii, 18
Gyroptychius, i, 82
- figure of, i, 604
habits of fishes, i, 152
haddock, ii, 537
- figure of, ii, 536
- skull of, figured, ii, 536
Hadrodus, ii, 22
Hadropterus, i, 300
- figure of, ii, 311
haë, ii, 117, 118
Hæckel, i, 411, 511
- on origin of fins, i, 62
hæmal arch, ii, 6
Hæmapophyres, i, 48
Hæmulidæ, i, 206; ii, 340, 342, 359
- family of, ii, 340
Hæmulon, i, 121, 238, 271, 274, 375
- figure of, ii, 340
hagfishes, i, 28, 488
- Delfin on feeding of, i, 489
- egg of, figured, i, 127
- figure of, i, 199, 489
- and lampreys, i, 189
hair-worm, ii, 144
hake, ii, 136, 539, 540
- isocercal tail of, i, 83
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 60
hakone dace, i, 257
Haldeman, i, 419
Halec, ii, 33, 136
Halecomorphi, ii, 13, 23, 24, 29, 35
- order of, ii, 33
half-beak,
- figure of, ii, 212
half-moon fish, ii, 350
halibut, 128; ii, 149, 489, 491
- figure of, i, 332; ii, 492
- fishery, ii, 490
Halichœres, i, 207, 257, 297; ii, 180, 388-390
- figure of i, 297; ii, 396
Halientichthys, ii, 552
Hallock,
- on black bass, ii, 302
- on Esox, ii, 192
Halosauridæ, ii, 158
Halosaurus, ii, 138
Hamilton, i, 416
hammerhead shark, i, 543
- figure of, i, 544
Hancock, i, 415
handsaw-fish, ii, 135
Hansen,
- on Chinook salmon, ii, 85
Haplistia, i, 602
Haplochiton, ii, 128
Haplochitonidæ, ii, 129, 204
Haplodoci, ii, 499
- sub order of, ii, 525
Haplomi, i, 405; ii, 34, 40, 41, 129, 188-207, 224, 250
- mesocoracoid arch in, ii, 189
- ventral fin, i, 67
Haplopagrus, i, 271
hard-tails, ii, 169
Hardwicke,
- on affection in fishes, i, 167
harelip-sucker, ii, 174
Harengula ii, 51
Harpagiferidæ, ii, 501
Harpodon, ii, 131
Harrimania,
- figure of, i, 465
Harrimaniidæ,
- family of, i, 465
- low organization of, i, 465
Harriottia, i, 199, 566
- figure of, i, 449
harvest-fish, ii, 283
- figure of, i, 18; ii, 284
Hasse, i, 428, 543
- on Elasmobranchs, i, 509
- on ossicles, i, 96
- on sharks, i, 509, 530, 561
Hasselquist, i, 389
Hatta, i, 418
Hauy, i, 397
Hawaii,
- fish fauna of, i, 243
Hay, i, 419, 427, 581; ii, 4 34, 36
- on fossil eels, ii, 22
- on Pycnodonti, ii, 22
- on varieties of sharks, i, 528, 529
hazé, ii, 118
headfishes, i, 19, 84, 206
- figure of, ii, 424
- larva of, figured, i, 143
headlight-fish,
- figure of, i, 188; ii, 132
Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
- Linton on, i, 348-350
heart of the fish, i, 106
Hector, i, 416
Helicolemus, i, 259; ii, 429, 432
Helicoprion,
- teeth of, figured, i, 530
Heller, i, 422
Helodus, i, 531
Helostoma, ii, 370
Helostomidæ, ii, 370
Hemerocœtidæ, ii, 506
Hemianthias, ii, 330
Hemibranchii, ii, 40, 157, 209, 227-240
- sub order of, ii, 227
Hemichordata, i, 461
Hemicyclaspis, i, 576
Hemiexocœtus, ii, 213
Hemigymnus, ii, 390
Hemilepidotus, ii, 442
- figure of, ii, 443
Hemipteronotus, ii, 390
Hemiramphus, ii, 214, 268
- figure of, ii, 212
Hemiscylliidæ, i, 533
Hemitripterus, i, 595; ii, 441
- figure of, i, 220; ii, 448
Heniochus, ii, 404
Henle, i, 405
Henshall,
- on black bass, ii, 302
Henshaw, ii, 523
- photograph by, i, 281
hepatic sinus, i, 108
Heptadiodon, ii, 423
Heptanema, i, 605
Heptatrema, i, 490
Heptranchias, i, 447, 509, 536
- pectoral fin in, figured, i, 57
- skull of, i, 56
- teeth of, figured, i, 524
Herald, i, 408
Herbert,
- on lake trout-fishing, ii, 115
herbivorous fishes, i, 30; ii, 364
Herdmania, i, 474
hermaphrodite fish, i, 124
Heros, i, 314; ii, 381
Herpetichthys, i, 608
herring, i, 21, 204, 290, 429, 440; ii, 33, 38, 43, 46, 49, 52, 73, 123, 159
- figure of, i, 331; ii, 48
- Goode on, i, 330
- product of, i, 330
Hertwig, i, 112
Herzenstein, i, 411
Heterandria, i, 314; ii, 194, 201, 467
Heterobranchus, ii, 186
heterocercal tail, i, 49, 507, 513, 516, 602
- of Acipenser, figured, i, 80
- of Amia, figured, i, 82
- of garpike, figured, i, 82
- of Lepisosteus, figured, i, 82
- of Salmo, i, 83
- of sturgeon, figured, i, 80
- of young trout, i, 83
Heterocongridæ, ii, 150
Heterodontus, i, 128, 447, 536
- eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
- figure of, i, 75, 526
- lower jaw, figured, i, 526
- pectoral fin of, figured, i, 57
Heterodontidæ, i, 65, 127, 447, 511, 523, 529, 530, 545
- family of, i, 527
Heterognathi, ii, 161, 162
Heteromi, i, 405, 611; ii, 12 138, 532
- order of, ii, 157
Heteropleuron, i, 483
Heterostichus, ii, 507
Heterosomata, ii, 247, 481-498
Heterosteus, i, 586
Heterostraci, i, 568, 571, 622; ii, 13
- order of, i, 573
Heterotis, ii, 56
Hexagrammidæ, ii, 442, 501
- family of, ii, 439
- organs of smell in, i, 115
Hexagrammos, i, 257; ii, 107, 439
- figure of, ii, 440
Hexanchidæ, i, 509, 528
- family of, i, 524
Hexanchus, i, 447, 524
- figure of, i, 523
hickory shad,
- figure of, ii, 53
high and low forms,
- Agassiz on, i, 380, 381
- Gill on, i, 383
- Traquair on, i, 381, 382
Hilgendorf, i, 411, 416
- portrait of, i, 417
Hilgendorfia, ii, 455
Hill, i, 415
- conclusions of, i, 277, 279
Himantolophus, ii, 549
hinalea, i, 158
hingio, ii, 128
Hiodon, i, 291, 394; ii, 45, 46
- figure of, ii, 45
Hiodontidæ, i, 290; ii, 45
Hippocampus, i, 19; ii, 236
- figure of, i, 17, 250; ii, 238
Hippoglossinæ, ii, 489
Hippoglossoides, i, 205; ii, 491
Hippoglossus, i, 205, 329; ii, 489
- figure of, i, 332; ii, 492
hirondelle, i, 408; ii, 60
His, i, 428
Histiopteridæ, ii, 398
Histiopterus, i, 260; ii, 333
Histiothrissa, ii, 52
history of ichthyology, i, 387-428
Hoffman, i, 412; ii, 546
hog-choker,
- figure of, ii, 496
hogfish, ii, 388
- figure of, ii, 387
Holacanthus, ii, 403
- figure of, ii, 404, 405
- skeleton of, figured, i, 214
Holbrook, i, 419
Holcolepis,
- figure of, i, 454; ii, 43
Holconoti, ii, 365, 379, 380
- suborder of, ii, 372
Holconotus, i, 404; ii, 375
Holden, ii, 291
Holder, ii, 409, 474
- on oarfish, ii, 474
Holostei, i, 624; ii, 24
Holotrachys, ii, 256
Hollard, i, 412
Hollardia, ii, 412
Holocentridæ,
- family of, ii, 253
Holocentrus, i, 267; ii, 253, 255
- figure of, ii, 254
Holocephali, i, 448, 508, 519, 520, 561-567
Holopterus, ii, 41
Holoptychiidæ, i, 602, 603, 624
Holoptychius,
- basal fin of, figured, i, 603
- dorsal fin of, figured, i, 49
- figure of, i, 451
Holostomi, ii, 140, 141
Holothurian, ii, 522
- Fierasfer issuing from, i, 159
Holurus, ii, 14
Homalopteridæ, ii, 176
Hombron, i, 408
Home, i, 396
Homistius, i, 586
homocercal tail, i, 49, 81-83, 602
- figure of, i, 84
- of flounder, i, 84
homologies,
- of bones, i, 34, 35
- of pectoral limb, i, 85
Homonotus, ii, 253
homoplasy, i, 296
Homosoma, ii, 283
Hooker,
- on fishes prey of birds, i, 166
Hoplias, ii, 162
Hoplichthyidæ, ii, 441
Hoplichthys, ii, 441
Hoplopagrus, i, 271
Hoplopteryx,
- figure of, i, 438; ii, 253
Hoplostethus, i, 260, 263; ii, 252
Hoppin,
- on blind fish, ii, 202, 203
Hornbaum-Hornschuch, ii, 144
horn-dace, i, 122, 283; ii, 167
- figure of, i, 285; ii, 168
horned pout, ii, 35, 180
- figure of, ii, 181
horned trunkfish, i, 374
- figure of, i, 373, 376; ii, 416
hornfish, ii, 412
hornless trunkfish, i, 378; ii, 418
- face view of, i, 379
- figure of, i, 378; ii, 416
horse-eye-jack, ii, 276
horsehead-fish, ii, 276
- figure of, i, 148
horse-mackerel, ii, 135
- figure of, ii, 274
horseshoe-crab,
- figure of, i, 572
Houttuyn, i, 394, 416
how fish cross watersheds, i, 306
how fishes breathe, i, 91
how to secure fish, i, 429
Hoy, i, 419; ii, 64
huchen, ii, 106
Hucho, i, 253; ii, 62, 106
- figure of, ii, 107
Humboldt, i, 410
- on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95
humpback salmon, ii, 68, 72, 80
- figure of, ii, 70, 72
humpback sucker, ii, 174
humpback whitefish, ii, 65
Hutton, i, 416
Huxley, i, 424, 428, 593, 601; ii, 3
- on herring product, i, 330
- on Lepidostei, ii, 23
Hybocladodus, i, 522
Hybodus, i, 528, 529
- eggs of, figured, i, 527
- fin-spine of, figured, i, 528, 529
Hybopsis, ii, 167
hybridism, i, 144; ii, 94
Hydrocyon, ii, 162
Hydrolagus, i, 564
Hyodon, i, 302
Hyoganoidea, ii, 24
Hyoganoids, ii, 11
hyomandibular, i, 508, 521, 606
hyostylic skull, i, 508, 561; ii, 7
- figure of, i, 56
Hypamia, ii, 36
hypercoracoid, i, 89; ii, 1, 12
Hyperoartia, i, 488, 490, 593
Hyperoplus, ii, 521
Hyperotreta, i, 488, 593
Hyperprosopon, ii, 375
hypocoracoid, i, 89; ii, 12
Hypocritichthys,
- figure of, i, 309; ii, 375
Hypohomus, ii, 312
Hypophthalmidæ, ii, 185
Hypoplectrus, i, 235, 271; ii, 237
- figure of, ii, 329
Hyporhamphus, ii, 212
Hypostomides, ii, 227-240
- suborder of, ii, 239
Hypotrema, i, 549
hypural, ii, 142
Hypseleotris, ii, 460
Hypsoblennius, i, 242
Hypsopsetta, ii, 493
Hypsurus, ii, 375
- figure of, ii, 373
Hypsycormus, ii, 34
Hypsypops,
- figure of, i, 227; ii, 382
Hyrtl, i, 428
Hysterocarpus, i, 304; ii, 374
- figure of, ii, 373, 379
Icarus, ii, 43
icefish, i, 146; ii, 123, 127
- figure of, i, 149; ii, 128
Icelinus, ii, 442
Icelus, ii, 442, 449
Icosteidæ, ii, 285
Icosteus, ii, 285
Ictalurus, i, 291, 292; ii, 179-181
- figure of, i, 280
ichthyized fishes, i, 210
Ichthyocephali, ii, 140, 141
Ichthyodectes, ii, 48
Ichthyodectidæ, ii, 48
Ichthyodorolites, i, 516, 529, 566
ichthyologists,
- portraits of, i, 399, 403, 407, 409, 413, 417, 421, 425, 513, 516, 525, 545, 561, 599, 601
ichthyology,
- Aristotle on, i, 387
- history of, i, 387-428
Ichthyotomi, i, 437, 446
- order of, i, 519
- Parker & Haswell on, i, 520
Ichthyomyzon, i, 491
Ichthyopsida, i, 601
Ichthyosism, i, 183
Ichthysauroides, i, 586
Icthyscopus, ii, 503
Ictiobus, i, 291; ii, 172
- figure of, ii, 173
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 51; ii, 160
id, ii, 168
Idiacanthidæ, ii, 138
Idus, ii, 168
igami, ii, 390
Ilarches, ii, 400
Ilarchidæ, ii, 291, 400, 401
Ilarchus, ii, 398
Ilisha, i, 271; ii, 52
Ilyophidæ, ii, 150
imaginary garpike, i, 364
incisor teeth, figured, i, 31
inconnu,
- figure of, ii, 67
Indian fauna, i, 267
- extension of, i, 265
Indian fish, ii, 405
Indian sawfish,
- figure of, i, 200
Indian parrot-fish,
- figure of pharyngeals, ii, 393
Indigo damsel-fish
- figure of, ii, 384
infraclavicles, ii, 13
infundibulum, ii, 6
Iniistius, ii, 389, 390
Inimicus, i, 236; ii, 434
- figure of, frontispiece, II. Vol.
Iniomi, i, 405; ii, 38, 40, 41, 138, 189, 190, 204, 526
- suborder of, ii, 129
iniomous fishes,
- photophores of, i, 189
instincts in fishes,
- basis of, i, 154
- classification of, i, 154
- of courtship, i, 155
- heredity in, i, 154
- of migration, i, 156
- variability of, i, 155, 156
- Whitman on, i, 156
intensity of coloration, i, 232
interclavicle,
- Starks on, ii, 227
interhæmals, i, 49; ii, 348
interneurals, i, 49; ii, 15
intestine of fish, i, 33
intromittent organ, i, 124
Investigator, the, i, 408; ii, 60
Ioa, ii, 313
Ionoscopus, ii, 36
Ipnopidæ, ii, 131
Ipnops,
- figure of, i, 181; ii, 131
Irish lord, ii, 442
- figure of, ii, 443
Irish Pampano,
- figure of, ii, 349
isabelita,
- figure of, ii, 404
Isaciella, i, 270
isaki, ii, 342
Ischnacanthidæ, i, 517
Ischnacanthus, i, 517
Ischyodus, i, 565
ishigakidai, ii, 360
Ishikawa, i, 416
ishinagi, ii, 323
Iso,
- figure of, ii, 218
isocercal tail, i, 49, 83, 602
- Cope on, i, 84
- figure of, i, 83
Isopholidæ, ii, 26
Isopholis, ii, 26
- figure of, ii, 27
Isospondyli, i, 204, 406; ii, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 37-60, 128, 129, 138, 139, 142, 148, 159, 160, 188-190, 209, 250
- order of, ii, 38
Isotœnia, i, 565
isthmus, i, 45
isthmus barriers, i, 255-281
Isthmus of Panama,
- as barrier, i, 269
- fish fauna of, i, 266, 271
- species of shores, i, 269
Isthmus of Suez, i, 255, 258
- as barrier, i, 266
- submergence of, i, 267
Istiæus,
- figure of, ii, 46
Istiophoridæ, ii, 268
Istiophorus, ii, 269
Istlarius, ii, 182
Isuropsis,
- figure of, i, 537
Isurus, i, 537, 538
Italian parrot-fish, i, 48
- figure of, ii, 391
ito,
- figure of, ii, 107
itoryori, ii, 340
iwana, ii, 114
jack mariddle, ii, 43
Jackson,
- on Embiotocidæ, ii, 375, 393
Jacobi,
- artificial impregnation by, i, 150
Jacoby,
- on origin of eels, ii, 144, 145
Jacquinot, i, 408
Jadgeska hatchery, ii, 86
Jækel, i, 427, 428, 591
jallao, ii, 341
Janassa,
- teeth of, i, 554
Japan,
- Black Current of, i, 255, 256, 258
- fishes of, i, 256
- fresh-water fauna of, i, 256
Japan and Mediterranean
- fish faunas, i, 259, 260
Japanese blenny,
- figure of, i, 9; ii, 513
Japanese catfish, ii, 183
Japanese dace, ii, 170
Japanese filefish,
- figure of, i, 241
Japanese samlet,
- figure of, i, 321
Japanese sea-horse,
- figure of, i, 250
jaqueta, ii, 383
jara-bakka, i, 171
jawfish,
- figure of, ii, 359
jaws, i, 201
- of Amia, i, 43
- bones of, i, 41, 43
- figured, i, 30, 43, 583; ii, 39
- of parrot-fish, i, 30; ii, 391, 393
- of shark, i, 35
Jenkins, i, 420; ii, 52
- on fishes of Panama, i, 274
Jenkinsia, ii, 52
Jenyns, i, 408
Jerdon, i, 416
Jerusalem haddock, ii, 244
Jeude, i, 414
jewfishes, ii, 321, 323
jiguagua, ii, 276
jocu, ii, 336
John,
- on climbing-fish, ii, 367
John dories, ii, 245, 247
- figure of, ii, 248
Johnny darter, ii, 313
John Paw,
- figure of, ii, 325
Johnson, i, 410
- on interbreeding of trout, ii, 94
Johnston, i, 428
jolt-head porgy,
- figure of, ii, 344
Jordan, i, 348, 408; ii, 522
- on parent stream theory, ii, 81
- portrait of, i, 421
- on return of salmon to spawning grounds, ii, 83
Jordanella, i, 314; ii, 198
- figure of, ii, 197
Jordania, ii, 441, 449
- figure of, ii, 442
Jordanicus, ii, 522
jorobado, ii, 276
joturo, ii, 26
- figure of, ii, 28, 222
Joturus,
- figure of, ii, 222
Jugulares, i, 393
- suborder of, i, 499-506; ii, 39, 499, 534
Julis, i, 158, 235; ii, 389, 390
jurel, ii, 276
kæpra, i, 171
kajika, ii, 118
kaku, ii, 221
Kalm, i, 390
Kamchatka lamprey,
- figure of, i, 495
Kamloops trout, ii, 101
Kansas River,
- blue-green sunfish from, i, 26
Kareius, ii, 494
Karpinsky, i, 529
Kaup, i, 411
kawamasu, ii, 95
kawamuki, ii, 415
Kellogg's Zoology, i, 26
Kelly
- on otoliths, i, 120
kelpfish, ii, 389, 390, 507
kelts, ii, 91
Kent,
- on anglers, ii, 543, 544
Kerr, i, 619
- on Balfour's theory, i, 72
- on fin migration, i, 74
- on Gegenbaur theory, i, 73
- on external gill, i, 76, 78
- on Lepidosiren, i, 61, 620
- on morphology, i, 68
Kessler, i, 411
Kessleria, i, 252, 452; ii, 18, 20
keta, ii, 73
Kettleman, ii, 545
kihi kihi, ii, 406
killer, i, 361
killifish, i, 290, 304; ii, 194, 198
- hearing of, i, 121
king crab,
- figure of, i, 572
king darter,
- figure of, ii, 311
kingfish, ii, 266, 356
- figure of, ii, 357
king of salmon, ii, 425
- figure of, ii, 478
king of herrings, ii, 425, 472
king of mackerels,
- figure of, ii, 425
king salmon, ii, 68, 69
- anadromous instinct of, i, 160
- grilse, figured, ii, 70, 72
Kingsley,
- on ascidians, i, 474
- on degeneration, i, 460
- on sense organs, i, 175
- on tunicates, i, 466-468
Kirsch, i, 422
Kirtland, i, 418; ii, 35
Kirtlandia,
- figure of, ii, 217
Kishinouye, i, 418
kisugo, ii, 358
Kittlitz, i, 410
Klein, i, 390
Klunzinger, i, 411
Kner, i, 410, 411, 427
- on Ganoids, ii, 10
Kneriidæ,
- family of, ii, 204
knightfish, ii, 257
Knox, ii, 477
kobini-iwashi, ii, 52
kochi, ii, 441
Koenen, i, 427
Koken, i, 427
kokopu, ii, 204
kokos, ii, 71
Kolliker, i, 428
Konwick, i, 427
konoshiro, ii, 53
Kölreuter, i, 396
Kowala, ii, 51
Kowalevskia, i, 474
Kowalevsky, i, 428
Krascheninnikov, i, 395; ii, 68
Krefft, i, 614
Kröyer, i, 410
Kuhlia, ii, 304
Kuhliidæ, ii, 297, 354
kumu, i, 322; ii, 352
Kundscha, ii, 114
Kuppfer's vesicle, i, 138
kurodai, ii, 343
kuromutsu,
- figure of, ii, 213
Kuro Shiwo, i, 242, 251, 258
- fishes in, i, 239
- goblin shark of, i, 534
Kurtidæ, ii, 287
Kurtus, ii, 288
Kyphosidæ, ii, 349, 364, 398
Kyphosus, ii, 350
- figure of, ii, 349
Labidesthes, i, 313; ii, 218
Labrodon, ii, 385
Labrax, ii, 330
Labridæ, i, 207; ii, 372, 385, 390, 396
Labrus, i, 207, 260, 267, 391; ii, 385, 387
labyrinthine fishes, ii, 365, 370
Labyrinthinci, i, 149; ii, 365, 379
- Day on, ii, 365
- Gill on, ii, 365
Labyrinthodontidæ, i, 86
lac de marbre, ii, 109
Lacépède, i, 376, 389
- portrait of, i, 399
Lachnolæmus, ii, 388
- figure of, ii, 387
Lactariidæ, ii, 356
Lactarius, ii, 358
Lactophrys, ii, 417
- figure of, i, 214, 373, 377, 378; ii, 416, 417
- skeleton of, figured, ii, 418
ladyfish, i, 117, 198; ii, 388
- figure of, i, 147; ii, 44
- transformations in, i, 147
La Favorite, the, i, 408
Lafayette, ii, 356
Lagocephalus,
- figure of, ii, 419
Lagodon, ii, 344
Lake Bonneville,
- ancient outlet of, i, 303
lake herring, ii, 65-67
lake lamprey,
- head of, figured, i, 111
- mouth figured, i, 492
Lake Nicaragua,
- shark from, i, 542
Lake Patzcuaro,
- viviparous fishes from, i, 126
Lake Pontchartrain,
- fish fauna of, i, 314
lake trout, ii, 66, 115
- figure of, ii, 114
lake whiting, ii, 65
Lamdodus, i, 522
Laminaria, ii, 544
Lamnidæ, i, 532, 537, 538, 542
Lamna, i, 534, 538
- teeth of, figured, i, 537
- figure of, 447
lamnoid sharks, i, 519, 533
- distinguished, i, 534
- families of, i, 534
Lampetra, i, 491
- figure of, i, 120, 492
lamprey, i, 28, 35, 56, 111, 204, 249, 290, 490, 506
- ascending brook figured, i, 496
- brain of, i, 112
- catfishes destroyed by, i, 358
- extinct forms, i, 487
- fate of, i, 504
- food of, i, 491
- gill-basket of, figured, i, 92, 485
- Kamchatka, i, 495
- method of attack, i, 493
- migration of, i, 494
- orders of, i, 488
- parasites of, i, 354
- Reighard on, i, 491
- spawning of, i, 498, 500
- structure of, i, 486
- Surface on, i, 491
Lamprididæ, ii, 16
- family of, ii, 243
Lampris, i, 210, 322; ii, 228, 245, 288
- figure of, i, 323
- shoulder-girdle, figured, ii, 243
Lanarkia, i, 570, 622
- figure of, i, 574
lancelet, i, 28, 31, 121, 204, 482-485, 506; ii, 467
- characteristics of, i, 482
- figure of, i, 484
- habits of, i, 483
- vertebral column of, i, 55
lancet-fish, ii, 408
- figure of, ii, 135
lancet of surgeon-fish, i, 181
lane-snapper,
- figure of, ii, 336
Lankester, i, 61, 87, 426, 571, 593
lantern-fishes, ii, 41, 61, 128, 129, 525
- figure of, ii, 133
lantern-flounder, ii, 488
laolach, i, 620
Laparus, ii, 518
large-mouthed black bass,
- figure of, ii, 305
Larimus, ii, 355
Larvacea, i, 470, 473
- figure of, i, 480
larval development of fishes, i, 139-141, 143-147, 174-176
- Dean on, i, 139
- in common eel, i, 141
- Gilbert on, i, 142
- figures showing, i, 140-142
- in brook lamprey, i, 140
- in sturgeon, i, 141
larval flounder,
- figure of, ii, 483
larval forms,
- of Chætodon, i, 144
- figures of, i, 140-142
- of flounder, figured, i, 147, 175, 176
- of ladyfish, i, 147
- of Lepidosiren, i, 620, 621
- of Mola, i, 143, 145
- of sailfish, i, 140
- of swordfish, i, 139
Lasianius,
- figure of, i, 580
Lateolabrax, i, 324; ii, 320
lateral fold, i, 64
- Balfour on, i, 71-73
- Kerr on, i, 72
- Mollier on, i, 71
lateral line, i, 9, 22, 23
- a mucous channel, i, 22
- Dean on, i, 23
- function of, i, 23
- relation to touch, i, 122
- in singing-fish, figured, i, 23
Lates, ii, 320, 330
Latham, i, 396
Latilidæ, the, ii, 361, 363
Latilus, ii, 362
Latrididæ, ii, 363, 364, 426
Latris, ii, 363
lavaret, ii, 65
lawyer, ii, 335, 538
Lay, i, 409
Leach, i, 396
leather-carp, i, 151
leather-jackets, ii, 272, 413
Lebias, ii, 198, 201
lectocephalous condition,
- Günther on, i, 142
Leidy, i, 426
Leiognathidæ, ii, 287, 348
Leiognathus, ii, 287
Leiostomus, ii, 356
Leiuranus, ii, 150
length of intestine, i, 33
Lentipes, ii, 466
leopard toadfish,
- figure of, ii, 525
Lepadogaster, i, 263; ii, 531
Lepechin, i, 396
Lepidaplois, ii, 390
- figure of, ii, 389
Lepidocottus, ii, 426, 449
Lepidopidæ,
- family of, ii, 267
Lepidopsetta, ii, 493
Lepidopus, i, 210; ii, 267
Lepidorhombus, i, 206; ii, 488
Lepidosiren, i, 60, 73, 85, 89, 100, 149, 450, 619, 621, 622
- adult male, figured, i, 620
- larval forms, figured, i, 620
  - at 3 days, i, 620
  - at 30 days, i, 621
  - at 40 days, i, 621
  - at three months, i, 621
- pectoral fin in, i, 60
Lepidosirenidæ, i, 88, 612, 619
Lepidostei, ii, 13, 26
- Huxley on, ii, 23
- Zittel on, ii, 23, 24
Lepidosteids, ii, 32
Lepidosteoidei, i, 382
Lepidotidæ, ii, 24
Lepidotes, ii, 24
Lepidotrigla, i, 259; ii, 456
Lepisoma, i, 208; ii, 508
Lepisosteidæ, i, 290; ii, 11, 29, 30
Lepisosteus, i, 32, 66, 85, 101, 102, 291, 314, 357, 604, 623; ii, 5, 6, 23, 29, 30, 32
- Agassiz on, ii, 5
- Balfour and Parker on, ii, 5
- Eastman on, ii, 32
- figure of, i, 452; ii, 31
- Günther on, ii, 5, 7
- Müller on, ii, 517
- tail of, figured, i, 82
Lepomis, i, 302; ii, 301
- figure of, i, 4; ii, 300
Leptecheneis,
- figure of, i, 197; ii, 468
leptocardial tail, i, 81, 83
Leptocardians, i, 383
Leptocardii, i, 55, 482-485
Leptocephalidæ, ii, 149
Leptocephalus, i, 211; ii, 148, 149
- figure of, ii, 150
leptocercal tail, i, 50, 81, 83, 507, 602
- Agassiz on, i, 81
- figure of, i, 82
- Gaudry on, i, 84
Leptocottus, ii, 448
Leptolepidæ, ii, 36, 41
Leptolepis, ii, 42
- figure of, ii, 41
Leptomylus, i, 565
Leptops, ii, 182
Leptoscopidæ, the, ii, 503, 506
Leptosmus, ii, 53
Leptotrachelus, ii, 136
Lepturus, i, 391
lesser-weaver, i, 169
Lesson, i, 408
Le Sueur, i, 418
Lethrinus, i, 268; ii, 347
Leuciscus, i, 254, 256, 346; ii, 168, 169
- figure of, i, 287; ii, 169
- pharyngeals of, i, 47
- teeth of, figured, ii, 163, 175
Leuckart, i, 609
Leucopsarion, ii, 467
Lias, ii, 14
Libys, i, 605
Ligul, a, i, 348
Lilljeborg, i, 410
Limanda, ii, 493
little roncador, ii, 356
Limulus, i, 569
- figure of, i, 572
Lindström, i, 427
ling, ii, 538
Linnæus, i, 375, 390; ii, 410, 424, 499
- followers of, i, 394
- Systema Naturæ of, i, 392
Linophryne, ii, 549
Linton,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 343-348
Liodesmidæ, ii, 34
Liodesmus, ii, 34
lion-fish, ii, 434
- figure of, ii, 433, 435
Liopsetta, ii, 493
- figure of, ii, 494
liparid, ii, 447, 454
- figure of, ii, 413, 454
Liparididæ,
- family of, ii, 454
Liparididæ, i, 189, 208, 218; ii, 313
Liparis, i, 202, 217, 219, 375, 380; ii, 449, 455
- figure of, i, 218
Lipogenyidæ, ii, 158
Lipogenys, ii, 158
Lister, i, 373, 375, 376
lithographic shales, ii, 42
Litholepis, i, 364
littoral fishes,
- distribution of, i, 247
Liuranus,
- figure of, i, 233
Liza, ii, 221
lizard-fishes, ii, 61
- figure of, ii, 130
lizard-skipper,
- figure of, i, 230; ii, 509
loach, i, 290; ii, 185
- fossil, ii, 175, 176
Lobotes,
- figure of, ii, 331
Lobotidæ,
- family of, ii, 331
local barriers, i, 298
Lockington, i, 419
- on long-jawed goby, ii, 462-465
log-perch,
- figure of, ii, 311
Lohest, i, 427
lok-sild, ii, 67
longe, ii, 114
long-eared sunfish, i, 3-15
- figure of, i, 2, 3; ii, 300
long-jawed goby, ii, 462, 463
- Cooper on, ii, 463
- figure of, ii, 463
- Lockington on, ii, 462
long-horned sculpin, ii, 447
long-jaw, ii, 66
long-necked eels, ii, 153
lophobranchii, ii, 9, 209, 227-240
lophobranchs, i, 92
- suborder of, ii, 235
Lophogobius, i, 208
Lophiidæ, i, 206; ii, 542
Lophiomus, i, 207, 271; ii, 547
Lophius, i, 169, 202, 206, 391; ii, 542, 545, 547, 548
- figure of, i, 18; ii, 545
lophocercal tail, i, 81, 83
Lopholatilus, i, 94, 357; ii, 361
Lophopsetta, ii, 488
- figure of, ii, 487
Lophotes, i, 260, 263; ii, 291
Lophotidæ, ii, 292
- family of, ii, 291
Loricaria, i, 393
- figure of, ii, 186
Loricariidæ, ii, 185, 186, 449
Loricati, ii, 426, 455
loro, ii, 394, 396
Lota, i, 109, 209, 316; ii, 538
- figure of, ii, 539
Lotella, i, 259
louse-fish, ii, 469
louvar,
- figure of, ii, 290
Loven,
- on Arctic species, i, 317
Lowe, i, 410
Lowell,
- on trout, ii, 108
lower jaw,
- figure of, i, 526
- of Cochliodus figured, i, 531
- of Neoceratodus figured, i, 616
- of Polypterus figured, i, 606
lower pharyngeals,
- figure of, ii, 171
Lower Silurian,
- shark teeth from, i, 508
lowland fishes,
- dispersion of, i, 313
Luciæ, i, 477
Lucifuga, i, 314; ii, 524
- figure of, i, 222; ii, 524
Lucigobius, ii, 467
Luciocephalidæ, ii, 370
Luciocephalus, ii, 370
Lucioperca, ii, 315
Lucas,
- on Therobromus, ii, 127
luminous organs, i, 187
- von Lendenfeld on, i, 189
- of Porichthys, figured, i, 191
Lumpenus, i, 209; ii, 513
lumpfish, i, 208; ii, 135, 453, 454
- figure of, i, 220; ii, 454
lump-sucker, ii, 453, 455
lung-fish, i, 100, 458, 609-622
lungs of the fish,
- origin of, i, 98, 99
- Morris on, i, 98
lurking-fishes,
- Whitmee on, i, 169
Lutianidæ, ii, 323, 335
- family of, i, 333; ii, 340
Lutianus, i, 324; ii, 330, 333, 335, 336
- figure of, i, 331; ii, 333, 335, 336
Lütken, i, 410; ii, 33, 133
- on Selene, i, 144
- on flying-fish, ii, 214
Luvaridæ, ii, 291
Luvarus, ii, 291
- figure of, ii, 290
Lycenchelys,
- figure of, ii, 519
Lycodapodidæ, ii, 520
Lycodes, ii, 518
- figure of, ii, 519
Lycodapus,
- figure of, ii, 520
Lycodopsis, ii, 518
Lycodes, i, 209
Lycoptera, ii, 41
Lyman,
- on the museum at Paris, i, 401
Lyomeri,
- order of, ii, 140, 155
Lyopomi, ii, 138, 158, 189
Lyopsetta, i, 205
Lyrifera, i, 462, 508
Lysopteri, i, 623; ii, 13
maaji, ii, 274
maccaroni piatti, i, 351
Macleay, i, 416, 428
Macdonald, i, 419
Macdonaldia, ii, 157
Mackenzie salmon, ii, 67
mackerel, i, 19, 117, 156, 210; ii, 258, 259
- figure of, i, 332; ii, 260
- fishery, ii, 260, 261
- Goode on, ii, 260
mackerel-midges, ii, 539
mackerel-scads, ii, 274
mackerel-shark, i, 533
- figure of, i, 447, 537
Mackinaw trout, ii, 114
Macrias, ii, 502
Macrodon, ii, 354
Macropetalichthyidæ,
- family of, i, 585
Macropetalichthys, i, 583, 585, 589, 590
Macropharyngodon, ii, 390
Macrophthalmia, i, 491
Macropistius, ii, 26
Macropodus, ii, 369, 370
Macropoma, i, 605
Macrorhamphosidæ, ii, 227, 234, 235
Macrorhamphosus, i, 259
- figure of, ii, 234
Macrosemiidæ, ii, 26, 28
Macrosemius, ii, 26
Macrouridæ, i, 84; ii, 541
- vertebræ in, 209; ii, 540
mademoiselle,
- figure of, ii, 355
mad tom, ii, 182
- figure of, i, 179; ii, 182
Mænidæ,
- family of, ii, 347
magifi, ii, 288
mahogany snapper, ii, 337
maigre, ii, 355
mail-cheek fishes, ii, 426
makrede, i, 171
makua, ii, 425
Malacanthidæ, ii, 361, 499
Malacanthus, ii, 361
Malacopterygii, i, 391; ii, 208
Malacopterygium, ii, 39
Malacorhinus, i, 553
Malacosteidæ, ii, 128, 134
Malapterurus, ii, 183
malau, ii, 253
Mallotus,
- figure of, ii, 126
Malm, i, 410
malma, i, 326
- figure of, ii, 112
Malmgren, i, 410
- on Arctic species, i, 317
Malpighi, i, 390
Malthe, i, 206
Malthopsis, ii, 552
mandible,
- suspensorium of, i, 43, 120
mandibular rami, i, 589
man-eating shark, i, 538
Maner,
- on external gill, i, 77
mangrove snapper, ii, 335
man-of-war fish, ii, 285
Manta, i, 448, 560
- figure of, i, 559
map of continents, i, 270
Mapo, ii, 461
Marcgraf, i, 389
Marcgravia, ii, 526
Marcusen, i, 428
marine blenny, i, 118
marine fishes,
- checked by barriers, i, 241
- distribution of, i, 246
Mariposa, ii, 244, 403
Marquette, ii, 64
Marsh,
- on eye of Anableps, ii, 195
Marsiobranch, i, 592, 593
Marsipobranchi, i, 486
Martin pescador, ii, 550
Mason, ii, 73
Mastacembelidæ, ii, 532
Mastacembelus, ii, 157
- figure of, ii, 532
Masticura, i, 555
masu, ii, 68, 73
- figure of, ii, 71, 72
matajuelo, ii, 252, 253
matajuelo blanco, ii, 361
matao, ii, 249
matodai, ii, 333
matsubara, i, 418
Matthew, i, 427
Mauer,
- on external gill, i, 77
Maurolicidæ,
- family of, ii, 134
Maurolicus, ii, 134
maxillary,
- figure of, i, 55
- of Sebastolobus, i, 55
mayfish,
- figure of, ii, 198
McClelland, i, 416
McCoy, i, 82, 410, 581
McGregor, i, 422
McKay, i, 420
McMurrich, i, 428
meaji, ii, 275
meaning of species, i, 293
- Coues on, i, 379
measurements of the fish, i, 19
mebaru, ii, 429, 431
Meckel's cartilage, i, 44, 57, 507, 596, 606
Meda, ii, 169
Meddagh,
- photograph by, i, 164
Medialuna, ii, 350
medregal, ii, 274
Meek,
- on trout, ii, 105
Megalaspis, ii, 274
Megalichthyidæ, i, 602, 603
Megalichthys,
- figure of, i, 604
Megalops, ii, 43
Megalurus,
- figure of, ii, 36
Megaperca, ii, 322
Megaprotodon, ii, 404
mejenidai, ii, 348
Melamphaës, ii, 252
Melaniris, ii, 218
Melanocetus, ii, 548
Melanogrammus, i, 209; ii, 539
- figure of, ii, 536
- skull of, figured, ii, 536
Melanotænia, ii, 218
Melanotæniidæ, ii, 218
Melichthys, ii, 413
Melletes,
- figure of, i, 288
membrane bone of face, i, 44
Mene,
- figure of, ii, 288
menhaden,
- figure of, i, 340; ii, 51
Menidia, ii, 218
Menidæ,
- family of, ii, 218
Menomonee whitefish, ii, 63
Menopneumona, i, 612
Menticirrhus,
- figure of, ii, 357
mergate fish, ii, 341
Merlangus, i, 209; ii, 537
Merluccius, i, 209; ii, 136
- figure of, ii, 540
- isocercal tail of, i, 83
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 60
Merluciidæ, ii, 540
mermaid, i, 359
merou, ii, 323, 324
Merriam,
- on fossil trout, ii, 62
Mesencephalon,
- figured, i, 109, 110
mesentary, i, 32
Mesichthys, ii, 190
mesocoracoid, i, 89; ii, 12
mesoderm, i, 138
Mesodon, ii, 22
Mesogonistius, ii, 301
- figure of, ii, 299
Mesolepis, ii, 15
mesopterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, 12
Mesopus, ii, 124
- Swan on, ii, 123
Mesozoic fishes, i, 437
metameral characters, i, 23
metapterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, 12
metencephalon, figured, i, 109
Michigan grayling,
- figure of, ii, 122
Microbranchium, i, 577
Microcanthus, ii, 404
Microdesmus, i, 271
Microdon, i, 204
Microgadus, ii, 537
- figure of, ii, 538
Microlepidotus, i, 271
Microperca, ii, 307, 315
Micropogon, i, 271; ii, 356
Micropterus, i, 291, 302; ii, 297, 302, 304
- figure of, i, 325; ii, 303, 305
Microspathodon, i, 271; ii, 384, 385
- figure of, ii, 384
Microstoma, ii, 127
Microstomidæ, ii, 127
Microstomus, ii, 494
midshipman, i, 121, 189; ii, 526
- luminous organs of, i, 191
migratory fishes, i, 160
milkfish,
- figure of, ii, 45
milktschitsch, ii, 73
Miller, i, 426
miller's thumb, ii, 444
- California, ii, 446
- figure of, ii, 445
- Yellowstone, ii, 444
Milner, i, 419
- on whitefish, ii, 64
minnow, i, 33, 124, 304; ii, 118, 161, 163, 193, 196-199
- treatment of eggs by, i, 129
Minous, ii, 436
Mioplosus, ii, 315
Mirbelia, ii, 531
mirror carp, i, 151; ii, 17
Misaki,
- tide pools of, i, 161
Misgurnus, i, 98; ii, 176
Mississippi Valley,
- blind fishes of, i, 117, 220
- stone-roller of, i, 33
Missouri sucker, ii, 173
Mistichthys, ii, 467
Mitchill, i, 376, 418
- on climbing-fish, ii, 367, 368
- on Spanish mackerel, ii, 264
Mitchillina, ii, 60
Mitsukurina, i, 199, 536, 566
- figures of, i, 535
Mitsukurinidæ, i, 534
Mitsukuri, i, 418
- on phosphorescent shark, i, 189
- portrait of, i, 417
Mivart,
- on paired limbs, i, 70
monana, ii, 353
Mobula, i, 448
- fœtus of, i, 560
Mobulidæ, i, 559
mojarra, ii, 348
- figure of, ii, 348
mojarra cardenal, ii, 254
mojarra de las piedras, ii, 405
mojarra de ley, ii, 348
mojarra verde, ii, 381
Mola, i, 19, 84, 142, 206, 272; ii, 424, 425
- figure of, ii, 424
- larva of, figured, i, 143
Molgula, i, 474
Molgulidæ, i, 474
Molidæ, ii, 424
Molina, i, 396
Mollier,
- on lateral fold, i, 71
Mollienesia, ii, 199
Mollusca, ii, 529
Molva, i, 209; ii, 538
Monacanthidæ, i, 242
- family of, ii, 413
Monacanthus, i, 181, 206; ii, 414
du Monceau, i, 396
Mondini, ii, 144
mongrel whitefish, ii, 67
monkfish, i, 359; ii, 545
- brain of, figured, i, 547
- pectoral fin, figured, i, 56
Monocentridæ, ii, 250
- family of, ii, 257
- Houttuyn, discoverer of, ii, 257
Monocentrus, i, 260
- figure of, ii, 257
Monoceros, i, 268; ii, 409
Monodactylus, ii, 398
- figure of, ii, 397
Monolene, i, 206
Monopteridæ, ii, 141
Monopterus, ii, 141
Monorhinus, i, 593
Monotaxis, ii, 344
Monro, i, 390
monstre marin, i, 360, 361
monstrosities among fishes, i, 150
monstrous goldfish,
- figure of, i, 151
Montagu, i, 396
month incubation, i, 170, 171, 172
- Günther on, i, 173
Moorish idols, ii, 406
- figure of, ii, 406
Moodeliar,
- on climbing-fish, ii, 367, 368
mooneye, i, 290; ii, 45
moonfishes, i, 144; ii, 243, 244, 276, 401
- figure of, i, 323
morays, ii, 152, 153
- figure of, i, 458; ii, 155
Mordacia, i, 491
Mordaciidæ, i, 491
Moreau, i, 95, 412
Morgan, i, 428
Moringua, ii, 153, 189
Moringuidæ, ii, 188, 189
- family of, ii, 153
Mormyrus, i, 393
Morone, ii, 321
- figure of, ii, 322
morphology, i, 511
- of fins, i, 62-90
Morris,
- on lungs of fishes, i, 98-106
mortality of filefish, i, 357
Moseley,
- on Ipnopidæ, ii, 131
Moser,
- on catching salmon, ii, 85
moss-bunker, ii, 51
motor nerves, i, 153
mountain chains,
- as barriers, i, 310
mountain-oopu, ii, 466
mountain-witch, ii, 445
Mount Whitney,
- golden trout of, ii, 99
Moxostoma, ii, 174
mu, ii, 344
mucous channels, i, 22, 23
mud-bass, ii, 297
mud-dab, ii, 493
mud-minnows, i, 290; ii, 35, 193, 194
mud-minnows,
- figure of, ii, 193
- tenacity of life in, i, 147
mud-skippers, ii, 465
- figure of, ii, 466
muffle jaws, ii, 444
Mugil, i, 32, 157, 343, 391; ii, 144, 219
- figure of, i, 330; ii, 221
Mugilidæ, i, 206; ii, 219
muki-muki, i, 183; ii, 420
Müller, i, 384, 396, 405, 415, 428, 609, 613; ii, 3, 24, 39, 40, 144, 533
- on elastic spring, i, 96
- on ganoids, ii, 9
- on gas in swim-bladder, i, 96
- on Lepidosteus, ii, 5
- portrait of, i, 399
Mullerian duct, i, 28
mullets, i, 117, 268, 328; ii, 39, 144, 215, 219, 221
- Goode on, ii, 219, 220
Mullidæ, i, 206; ii, 257, 351-379
Mullus, i, 261, 393; ii, 256
- figure of, i, 322; ii, 352
Munster, i, 423
munu, i, 322; ii, 352
Muræna, i, 211, 391; ii, 152
- figure of, ii, 153
Murænesocidæ, ii, 150
Murænesox, i, 211; ii, 150
Murænidæ, i, 211; ii, 152, 155
Murænolepidæ, ii, 541
Murchison, i, 423
murcielago, ii, 458
muroaji, ii, 274
muscles of the fish, i, 25
muskallonge,
- figure of, ii, 192
Musquaw whitefish, ii, 65
Mustelus, i, 71, 541
mutsu, ii, 317
mutton-fish, i, 324; ii, 518
mutton-snapper, ii, 335
- figure of, i, 331
Mycteroperca, 271; ii, 325, 327
- figure of, ii, 327
Myctophidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, 132-134, 526
Myctophum, i, 195; ii, 133, 134
- figure of, ii, 133
Myliobatis, i, 557, 558
Mylognathus, i, 565
Mylostoma, i, 583, 584, 587, 589, 590
Mylostomidæ, i, 587
myotomes, i, 71
Myoxocephalus, ii, 445
- figure of, i, 219; ii, 446, 447
Myriacanthidæ, i, 566
Myriacanthus, i, 566; ii, 255
Myrichthys,
- figure of, ii, 151
Myridæ, ii, 148, 150
Myriolepis, ii, 14
Myripristis, i, 162, 268, 271; ii, 254-256
Myrocongridæ, ii, 153
Myrophis, i, 313
Myrus, i, 259, 263; ii, 150
Mysis, i, 317
Mysore,
- walking-fish of, i, 167
mythology of fishes, i, 359-366
Myxine, i, 198, 490, 593
Myxinidæ, i, 489
Myxobolus, i, 343
Myxocyprinus, ii, 173
Myxodagnus, ii, 506
Myxodes, ii, 508
Myxosporidia, i, 342, 344
Myzontes, i, 486
Nagg's head-fish, i, 375, 376
Naisia, ii, 32
namazu, ii, 188
names of bones, i, 39
names of fishes, i, 372
nami-ho-hana, ii, 218
Nandidæ, ii, 358
Nannocharax, ii, 162
Nansenia, ii, 127
Narcine,
- figure of, i, 185, 553
Narcobatidæ,
- family of, i, 553
Narcobatis, i, 553
Nardo, i, 412
Nassau,
- figure of, ii, 324
natural selection,
- effect of, i, 318
- in fishes, i, 218
- process of, i, 297
- species changed by, i, 240
Naucrates, ii, 272, 278
- figure of, ii, 273
Nantichthys, ii, 448
Nebris, ii, 355
Necturus, i, 157, 600
needle-bearing filefish,
- figure of, ii, 414
needle-fishes, i, 128
- figure of, ii, 210
negro-chub, ii, 167
negro-fish, ii, 324
Nelson, i, 419
- on Anableps, ii, 196, 197
Nemachilus, ii, 176
Nematognathi, i, 405; ii, 9, 40, 161, 177, 178
Nematistiidæ, ii, 278
Nematocentrus, ii, 218
Nematodes, i, 344
- Linton on, i, 352
Nematonurus, ii, 541
Nemichthyidæ, ii, 151
Nemichthys, i, 211; ii, 151
- figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, 152
- jaws figured, i, 156
Nemipterus, ii, 340
Nemopteryx, ii, 539
Neoceratodus, i, 79, 80, 100, 116, 204, 450, 613
- eggs of, i, 618
- figure of, i, 614
- lower jaw of, figured, i, 616
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 68, 609
- skull of, i, 67
Neochanna, i, 252; ii, 206
Neoclinus, ii, 462
- figure of, ii, 507
Neoditrema, ii, 375
Neoliparis, ii, 455
- figure of, ii, 455
Neopercis, ii, 502
Neosebastes, ii, 433
nerka, ii, 73
nerve cells and fibres, i, 152
nerves of fishes, i, 113, 114
nervous system, i, 109-114
nest-building, ii, 229
- of sticklebacks, ii, 230, 231
nest of fish, i, 14, 172
Nettastoma, i, 211, 259; ii, 151
Nettastomidæ, ii, 148, 151
neurentric canal, i, 138
Newberry, i, 426, 428, 584, 589
New England,
- scanty fauna of, i, 302
Newton, i, 426
New Zealand,
- fauna of, i, 252
nezupo, ii, 441
nictitating membrane, i, 540
nijinge-rijinge, i, 171, 172
Nieuhof, i, 396
Nilsson, i, 410
Niphon, ii, 320
nohu, ii, 434
noises of fishes, i, 168, 169
Nomeidæ, ii, 283
nomenclature, i, 173
- beginning of, i, 374
- trinomial, i, 378
- of trunkfishes, i, 373
Nordmann, i, 410
northern blennies, ii, 511
northern zone, i, 250
Norway haddock, ii, 428
Notacanthidæ, ii, 157
Notacanthus, ii, 157, 532
- figure of, ii, 158
Notæus, ii, 36
Notagogus, ii, 26
- figure of, ii, 28
Notelops, ii, 44
Notidiani, i, 447, 513, 519, 526
- order of, i, 523
Notidanoid shark, i, 438
- skull of, figured, i, 56
Notidanus, i, 523, 524
notochord, i, 55, 56, 509
- in Chimæras, i, 59
- in Elasmobranchs, i, 57
Notogeneus, i, 456
- figure of, ii, 55
Notopteridæ, ii, 48, 49
Notopterus, ii, 49
Nototheniidæ, ii, 501, 502, 533
Notropis, i, 129, 283, 304, 307, 311, 313; ii, 164
- figure of, i, 343, 457; ii, 165, 167
Noturus, i, 180; ii, 177, 182
Novaculichthys, ii, 390
Novara, i, 410
Nozawa, i, 418
numbers of genera, i, 262
numbfish,
- figure of, i, 185, 553
number of vertebræ, i, 202-204
nuptial colors, i, 155, 156
nuptial tubercles, i, 33
- figure showing, ii, 167
Nyström, i, 416
oarfish, i, 361; ii, 472
- figure of, i, 362; ii, 476
- Forgy on, ii, 473
- Glesnæs, ii, 472
- Holder on, ii, 474
Oatka Creek, i, 282
Oblata, i, 260; ii, 348
ocean currents,
- agency of, i, 242
Ocyurus,
- figure of, ii, 337
Odacidæ, ii, 388
Odax, ii, 390
Odontaspididæ, i, 533
Odontaspis, i, 534
Odontoscion, ii, 355
Odontostomus, ii, 136
Odontotodontidæ, i, 576
Odontotodus,
- figure of, i, 570
Ogcocephalidæ, ii, 551
Ogcocephalus,
- figure of, ii, 551-553
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 88
Ogilby, i, 408, 416
- on ragfishes, ii, 285
oil shark, i, 524
Oikopleura, i, 474
ojanco, ii, 337
okose, i, 236, 429; ii, 436
oldwench, ii, 413
oldwife, ii, 413
Old World catfish, ii, 182
olfactory lobe,
- figure of, i, 111
Oligocottus, ii, 447, 449
- figure of, ii, 449
Oligopleuridæ, ii, 36, 41
Oligopleurus, ii, 36
Oligoplites, ii, 272
Oligorus, ii, 320
ombre chevalier, ii, 108, 109
Omosoma, ii, 284
Omosudis, ii, 136
Onchus,
- Agassiz on, i, 530
- fin-spine of, i, 509
Oncobatis, i, 553
Oncottus, i, 317; ii, 447, 449
- figure of, ii, 447
Oncolepis, ii, 513
Oncopterus, ii, 489
Oncorhynchus, i, 146, 160, 301, 329, 332; ii, 68, 70, 89, 94
- figure of, 354; ii, 69, 71, 72, 76
ontogeny, i, 511
ontology, i, 63
oopu, ii, 465
Onychodontidæ, i, 602, 604
Onychodus, i, 604
opahs, i, 210; ii, 243
- taken by Berndt, ii, 244
- Farquhar on, ii, 244
- figure of, i, 323
opercle, i, 7, 45
opercula,
- used in climbing, ii, 367
operculum, ii, 7
Ophicephalidæ, ii, 370
Ophidiidæ, ii, 520
Ophidion, i, 391, 612
Ophichthyidæ, i, 211; ii, 150
Ophichthus,
- figure of, ii, 151
Ophiocephalidæ, i, 103, 104; ii, 215
Ophiocephalus, i, 149
- figure of, i, 150
Ophiodon, ii, 442, 518, 520
- figure of, ii, 440
Ophioblennius, ii, 510
Ophiopsis, ii, 26
Ophocephalus,
- figure of, ii, 370
Opistharthri, i, 509
Opisthocentrus, ii, 512
Opisthocœlian, i, 49; ii, 29
Opisthocœlous, ii, 6
Opisthognathidæ, ii, 330, 359, 499, 502
Opisthognathus, ii, 462, 508
- figure of, ii, 360
Opisthomi, i, 611; ii, 499, 532-542
Opisthomyzon, ii, 469
- Storms on, ii, 469
Opisthonema, ii, 51, 53
opisthure, i, 84
Oplegnathus, i, 260
Opsanus, ii, 525
- figure of, ii, 524
Opsariichthys, ii, 165
optic nerves,
- of flounders, ii, 482
orbitophenoid, ii, 40
orca, i, 361, 536
order,
- defined, i, 373
organs of the fish,
- electric, i, 25
- of hearing, i, 119-121
- nutritive, i, 29
Orectolobus, i, 533
Orestias, ii, 200
Oregon lamprey,
- figure of, i, 496
Oregon sucker,
- teeth of, figured, ii, 175
Ordovician deposits,
- figure of, i, 435
origin,
- of air-bladder, i, 98
- of fins, i, 62, 64, 67
- of lungs, i, 98
origin of lancelets,
- Willey on, i, 484
Orodontidæ, i, 65, 66, 447, 528
Orr,
- on external gill, i, 77
Ortmann, i, 238, 256, 270
- map of continents, i, 270
Orthacanthus, i, 521
Orthodon, ii, 165
Orthopristis, ii, 342
Orthopsetta, i, 206; ii, 489
Orthostœchus, i, 271
Osbeck, i, 389
Osbeckia, ii, 414
- figure of, ii, 414
Osborn,
- on extinction of species, i, 239, 442
- on law of radiation, i, 296
Osmeroides, ii, 44, 134
Osmerus, i, 391; ii, 123, 127
- figure of, ii, 123
Osphromenidæ, ii, 368, 370
Osphromenus, ii, 368
ossicles,
- Hasse on, i, 96
Ostariophysi, i, 120; ii, 38, 40, 140, 209
- series of, ii, 159-165
Osteoglossidæ, ii, 56, 60, 160
Osteoglossum, ii, 11, 41, 42, 56, 57
Osteolepis, i, 602-604
Osteostraci, i, 568, 571, 573, 590
- order of, i, 575
Ostichthys,
- figure of, ii, 255
Ostraciidæ, i, 568
- family of, ii, 415
Ostracion, i, 206, 373, 391; ii, 416-418
- figure of, i, 16, 376; ii, 416
Ostracodermi, i, 568; ii, 398, 411, 415
Ostracophores, i, 240, 242, 246, 444, 488, 568, 581, 582, 590, 603; ii, 3
- figure of, i, 444
- nature of, i, 569
- order of, i, 573
Ostracophori, i, 462
- class of, i, 568, 569
Osurus, ii, 502
Otaki, i, 418, 422
Otodus, i, 538
otoliths, i, 119-121; 354
Otsego bass, ii, 64
Ouananiche, ii, 92, 93
Overland Monthly,
- reference to, ii, 69
oviducts, ii, 6
oviparous fishes, i, 125
ovoviviparous fishes, i, 125, 550
Owen, i, 88, 90, 424, 428
- on swordfish, ii, 270, 271
Owsjannikow, i, 428
Owston,
- sharks taken by, i, 534
Oxuderces, ii, 468
Oxudercidæ, ii, 468
Oxygnathus, ii, 14
Oxylabracidæ, ii, 320, 327
- family of, ii, 319
Oxylabrax, ii, 320, 355
- figure of, ii, 319
Oxylebius, ii, 440
Oxyjulis, ii, 388
Oxymonacanthus, ii, 415
Oxynotidæ, i, 546
Oxynotus, i, 546
Oxystomus, i, 259
oyster-fish, ii, 525
Ozorthe, ii, 513
- figure of, i, 9; ii, 513
Pachycormidæ, ii, 34
Pachycormus, ii, 34
Pachylebias, ii, 201
Pachyrhizodontidæ, ii, 44
Pachyrhizodus, ii, 44
Pacific Creek, i, 308, 309
paddle-fish, i, 199, 253, 290; ii, 20
Pagellus, i, 260, 267; ii, 344, 346
Pagrus, i, 94, 259, 263, 324; ii, 343, 344, 346
- figure of, ii, 342
paired fins,
- in Acanthodei, i, 515
- Balfour on, ii, 8
- migration of, i, 75
- origin of, i, 64
- Ryder on, i, 66
paired limbs,
- Dean on, i, 81
- Mivart on, i, 70
- relation of, i, 69
- Thacker on, i, 70
- Gill on, i, 85
palæichthyologists, i, 424, 426, 427
palæichthyology, i, 426
Palæichthys, ii, 3
Palæobalistum, ii, 22
Palæoniscidæ, i, 452, 580; ii, 4, 14, 15, 23
Palæoniscum, i, 437, 622
- Blainville on, ii, 14
- figure of, i, 453; ii, 14
palæontology, evidence of, i, 64
Palæorhynchidæ,
- family of, ii, 268
Palæorhynchus, ii, 268
- figure of, ii, 268
Palæospinax, i, 528
Palæospondylidæ, i, 593
Palæospondylus, i, 204, 437, 444, 593, 595, 596
- figure of, i, 591
- relationships of, i, 593
palatines, i, 6
palatopterygoid arch, ii, 152, 155
palato-quadrate apparatus, i, 508, 509, 523
Palinurichthys, ii, 284
Pallas, ii, 67, 135, 428, 522
Pallasina, ii, 453
- figure of, i, 221; ii, 453
Palœaspis, i, 575
palometa, i, 324; ii, 283
pampano, i, 210, 324; ii, 272-292
- gaff-topsail, ii, 277
- great, ii, 277
- round, ii, 277
- true, ii, 277
panai feri, ii, 367
Panama,
- as barrier, i, 270
- final hypothesis as to, i, 279
pancreas, i, 32
Pander, i, 427
pan fish, ii, 355
Panicum, ii, 369
Pantodon, ii, 60
Pantodontidæ, ii, 57
Pantosteus, i, 304, 316; ii, 172
papagallo, ii, 278
papilla, i, 115
Pappichthys, ii, 36
Parabatrachus, i, 604
Paracentropogon, ii, 436
Paracentropristis, ii, 328
Paracirrhites, ii, 363
paraglenal, i, 90; ii, 12
Paragobiodon, ii, 466
Paralabrax, ii, 328
Paralepidæ, ii, 136
Paralichthys, i, 206; ii, 482, 486, 492
- figure of, ii, 493
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 58; ii, 2
- tail of, figured, i, 83; ii, 486
Paraliparis, i, 202, 219; ii, 454, 455
Paramia, ii, 317
Paranguilla, ii, 150
Paranthias, ii, 328
Paraphyllodus, ii, 396
Parapristipoma, ii, 342
Parapegasus, ii, 240
Parapercis, ii, 502
Parasilurus, ii, 183
parasites of fishes,
- crustaceans, i, 340
- figures illustrating, i, 341-344
- fungi, i, 353
- Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
- hosts of, i, 343
- internal, i, 342
- protozoans, i, 342
parasitic diseases,
- Gurley on, i, 342
- Linton on, i, 343
- Megnin on, i, 343
- Railliet on, i, 343
- Stiles on, i, 343
- Ward on, i, 343
parasitic fungi, i, 353
parasitic worms,
- acanthocephala, i, 344
- cestodes, i, 344
- an article of food, i, 351
- nematodes, i, 344
- trematodes, i, 344
Paratrachichthys, i, 439; ii, 295
- figure of, ii, 253
Paraxus, i, 517
Pareioplitæ, ii, 426-458
parental affection in fishes, i, 166, 167
Parexocœtus, ii, 214
parent-stream theory, ii, 81
Parequula, ii, 287
pargo criollo, i, 324; ii, 335
pargo de lo alto, ii, 336
pargo guachinango, ii, 335
pargos, ii, 333
Park, i, 393
Parker, i, 90, 428, 594; ii, 160, 482
- on Chimæras, i, 563
- on hearing of fishes, i, 121, 122
- optic nerve of flounder, ii, 482, 483
- on soles, ii, 483
Parnell, i, 410
Parophrys, ii, 493
Parr, ii, 91
Parra, i, 396
parrot-fish, i, 21; ii, 56, 360, 385, 390, 393
- figure of, i, 330; ii, 392, 394, 395
- jaws of, figured, i, 30; ii, 391
- pharyngeals of, i, 47, 48; ii, 393
parts of skeleton, i, 35
paru, ii, 405
Patæcidæ, ii, 516
Patæcus, ii, 514
patao, ii, 348
Patten, i, 428
- on Ostracophores, i, 569
pesce re, ii, 218
peacock flounders, ii, 488
pearlfish, i, 84, 159; ii, 522
- figure of, i, 522, 523
pêche prêtre, ii, 429
Peck, i, 419
pecten, ii, 6
pectoral fin, i, 10, 521
- of Chiloscyllium, i, 66
- of codfish, i, 66
- figure of, i, 57, 66
- Gegenbaur on, i, 66, 67
- of Heptranchias, i, 57
- origin of, i, 67
pectoral limb, i, 50
- of Dipnoan, i, 60
- figure of, i, 85
- Kerr on, i, 61
- in shark, i, 60
peculiar,
- jaws and teeth, i, 201
- larval forms, i, 142
pediculates, i, 51, 206, 207, 405; ii, 40, 499
- order of, ii, 542-553
Pegador,
- figure of, i, 197; ii, 468
pegapega, ii, 468
Pegasidæ, ii, 240
- family of, ii, 239
Pegasus, i, 393; ii, 240
peixe rey, ii, 216
pelagic fishes, i, 245
- vertebræ in, i, 209
Pelamis, i, 364
Pelargorhynchus, ii, 136
Pelates, ii, 342
Pelecanus, i, 345
Pelecopterus, ii, 34
pelican,
- fish parasites in, i, 345
pelican-eel, ii, 156
Pellegrin, i, 412
- on poisonous fishes, i, 182-184
Pelor, i, 180; ii, 434
Peltacephalata, i, 568
pelvic girdle, i, 42
Pempheridæ, ii, 288
Pempheris, ii, 289
- figure of, ii, 289, 290
penfishes, ii, 344
Penella, i, 242
Pennant, i, 396
- on parental affection in fishes, i, 166
Pentacerotidæ,^[14] ii, 333