puffadder, 13, 177, 358, 562;

python, 78, et seq., 178, 202, 443, 446, 449, 514, et seq., 516, 583, et seq.

RACER, 6, 63, et seq., 86, 155, 169, 177, 180, 182, 199;

rachiodon, 347, 414;

raetel-schlange, 277;

rat-s., 38, 177, 214 (see Ptyas);

rat-tail s., 177;

rativoro, 228;

rattle-s., 116, 138, 165, 177, 193, 199, 210, 268, et seq., 272, 274, 289, 307, 353, 360, 370, et seq., 390, 394, 487, 496, 501, 509, 521, 541, 549, 563, et seq. (see crotalus);

red adder, 392;

ring-s., 27, et seq., 52, 74, 76, 83, 95, 167, 442, 566, et seq.;

river-s., 223;

river Jack, 137, 150, 223;

rudis, la rude, 414;

Russell’s v., 436 (see Daboia).

SCHLANGE, 49;

sea-ser., 248, et seq.;

serpente, 49;

sea-snakes, 222, 231, 318 (see Pelagic);

sepedon, 347

serpentes à sonnettes, 279;

seven-banded s., 437, 439;

shiraraca, 396, et seq., 429;

simotes, 407;

slow-worm, 167, 327, 330, 424, 458, et seq. (see ‘Lizzie’);

solenoglyphes, 347, 383;

sorococo, 419;

spilotes, 155, 177;

sucariuba, 454;

surucurù, 421;

surukuku, 419;

surucujù, 454.

TANGADOR, 277;

teuchlacotzauhqui, 279;

teutlacocauehqui, 277;

thanatophides, 383;

thorn-tail, 172, 173, 175, et seq., 224;

toboba, 423;

tomodon, 347, 350, 407;

tortrix, 220;

‘Totsey’, 201, 216, 439, 516;

trigonocephalus, 172, 175, 176, 177, 226, 227, 319, 373, 388, 392, 397, 421, 422, 427;

trimuresuri, 177, 181, 386;

tropidontus, 37, 52, 89, 95, 127, 217, 223, 226, 227, 437, 439, 440, 450, 495, et seq., 571, et seq.;

two-headed s., 187, 190;

typhlops, 187, 189.

URICANA, 421;

urocrotalon, 292, 388;

uropeltis, 188;

uropsophus, 388.

VAIA, 423;

viperidæ, 348, 353, 355, 368;

v. atropos, 149;

v. aquatica, 174;

v. arietans, 148;

v. caudisona, 135, 275, 292, 370, et seq.;

v. elegans, 339, 436;

vipera, 223, 433;

vipers, 13, 137, 168, 224, 274, 318, 324, 363, et seq., 371, et seq., 424, 432;

v. berus, 441, 495;

v. caudalis, 177;

v. cornuta, 322;

v. nasicornis, 224, 317, 320, 324, 360, 387, 436, 441;

v. rhinosceros, 137, 150, 223;

vivera de la cruz, 423.

WATER MOCASIN, 224, 227;

water rattle-s., 174;

water-ss., 225;

water-v., 172, 224;

whip-s., 10, 219.

XENODON, 155, 347, 359, 395, 401, et seq., 407, 413, 421, et seq.

YELLOW BOA, 63 (see Chilobothrus).

ZAMENIS, 137.

Sound, ss. affected by, 525, et seq.

Specimens, badly-prepared, 45, 117.

Spencer, Edmund, ‘Fairie Queen’, 486.

Spine, pliancy of, 212;

joints of, 213;

peculiar processes, 68;

illus., 68 (see adaptation, anatomy, vertebræ, etc.).

‘Spittle from the Bag’ (1670), 556;

tasted and tested, ib.

Spix and Martin; ‘Travels in Brazil’, 397;

the jararacas, ib. 427.

Sprengle, Mr. C. J., letter to the R. Soc. (1722), 280;

experiments with vipers, ib.

‘Springing teeth’, 282, 370.

Squires, 514.

‘Sting:’ of a snake, 9, 95, et seq., 105;

of the tail, 170, et seq.;

the word defined, 49.

Stradling, Arthur, Esq., M.D., C.M.Z.S. etc., cannibalism, 39;

tongues of ss., 127;

effect of warmth, 164;

the ‘Cribo’, 178;

sensitiveness of tail, 183;

‘Totsey’, 216, 439, 516;

illus. of, 201;

movements of ss., 217;

carried down by floods, 232;

sea-ss. in the Atlantic, 238;

can they climb? 239;

valuable specimens, 339, 359;

crotalus bite, 366;

a gift to the Z. Gardens, 398;

C.M.Z.S., 399;

investigations, 400;

pseudo-fangs, 405, et seq.;

vernaculars, 422, et seq.;

confusion in names, 427;

ring s. incubating, 442;

an ‘affectionate’ snake, 516;

an eligible offer, 521;

ss. insensible to music, 526;

‘fascination’, 530;

antidotes, 534;

venoms differ chemically, ib.;

fangs protective, 536;

disintegrating power of venom, 557.

Stridulating apparatus, 309.

Styng, 49.

Sucking; of eggs doubted, 73;

of cows and women impossible, 84, et seq.;

by suction, 90;

the process watched, 92.

‘Suites de Buffon’, 80 (see Duméril).

Sullivan, ‘Rambles in Essequibo’, 419.

‘Sun and Serpent Worship’ (J. S. Phené), 514.

Swallowing (see deglutition): vipers, their young? 483, et seq.

Swim -bladder, the, 145.

Swimming, action of, 145, 175, 213, 217 (see water-ss., sea-ss., etc.).

Synonyms, 48;

a plague to students, 396, et seq., 417, et seq.;

a stumbling-block to writers, 395, et seq., 418, et seq.;

the derivations useful, 416, 422, 427.

T

Tail; horny tip, 155, 172, et seq.;

‘stinging’, 170, et seq.;

‘mischievous’, 171, 173;

feelings expressed by, 155, 176, 179, 180, 587;

prehensile, 180, 202, 224, 233, 245, 472;

length varies, 177, 178;

sensitiveness, 183;

of burrowing ss., 188, et seq., 472, et seq.;

a propeller, 213, 223, 233, 472;

power of, 183, 587;

a fulcrum, 187, 473;

of Lachesis, 387;

of Xenodon, 155;

of tree-ss., 218, 386;

of water-ss., 223;

of sea-ss., 233;

of rattlesnakes (see rattle);

sloughs, 336;

how discarded, 337;

illus., 176, 188, 296, et seq.

Tasmania;

broad-scaled ss., 423.

Taste; dull, 34, 59;

assisted by the tongue, 72, 86, 528;

Huxley on, 121.

Taxidermy, formerly bad, 45, 117.

‘Tayle’, the, 271, 280.

Taylor, Colonel Meadows, Indian castes, 513.

Teeth; as holders, 29;

six rows, 32, 343;

claw-shaped, 34, 344;

for grasping, 34;

replacement of, 344;

gradations in, 342;

specialties, 347;

illus., 349, 355;

exceeding fineness of, 137, 348, 360;

sometimes absent, 66, et seq. (see dentition, fangs).

Telegraph cable, the, sea-s. caught in, 239.

Templer, Mr., catching a ‘Larke’, 50.

Tennant, Sir Emerson; sea-ss. near Ceylon, 245;

affection of cobras, 502.

Texas; cannibal ss. observed, 571.

‘Thanatophidia, the’ (see Fayrer).

Todd, ‘Cyclopædia of Anatomy’, 118, 434.

Tombes, Charles, Esq., M.A., ‘On the Succession of Poison Fangs’, 363, 365, 373.

Tongue; sensitiveness, 72;

use in drinking, 80;

‘a sting’, 95, 106, et seq.;

not a brush, 108;

a feeler, 109, 112, 121;

position of, 125;

activity, 126;

colour, 127, et seq.;

Shakspeare on, 97, et seq.;

of journalists, 103;

of sea-ss., 125, 234.

Topsell; his ‘Serpentes’, 43, 477;

his Natural History’, 101.

Torpor, period of, 162;

variable, 163 (see hibernation, respiration).

Torquata, the collar, 52.

Tortoise; an ‘insect’, 43;

vulgarly ‘turtle’, ib.

Tortugas, sea-ss. off, 231.

Trachea, 133 (see windpipe, glottis).

Traill, Dr. Thos. Stewart, translator of Schlegel’s work, 3.

Transactions; of the Royal Society (see Phil. Trans.);

of the Z. Soc., 82, 235, 440, 516, 592.

‘Travels in the Amazon’, 158, 396, 421.

‘Travels in Brazil’ (Spix and Martin), 397.

‘Travels in Peru’ (Tschudi), 419.

‘Travels Round the World’ (Kingston), 418.

Tree ss., 53, 54, 67, 181, 218, 386, 430.

‘Tropical World’ (Hartwig), 418.

Tropidos, the keel, 223.

Tschudi, the Flammon of Peru, 419.

Tyrrell, keeper at the Reptilium, a witness, 185;

an assistant, 402 (see Zoo. Gardens).

Tyson, Dr. Edward; dissection of Vipera caudisona, 275;

on the larynx, 135;

on the ‘pit’, 277;

volitionary action of fangs, 370 (see Phil. Trans. 1683).

U

United States of America;

Association for the Advancement of Science, 485;

Science Convention on Snakes, 485, et seq.;

Exploring Expeditions, 162, 291, 293, 309, 376;

official Reports to Congress, 162, 291;

Dr. Elliott Coues, 199, 309, 376, 394;

herpetologists of, quoted, De Kay, 85;

Emmons, ib.;

Holbrooke, 86, et seq.;

Dr. Weir Mitchel, 535, et seq.;

F. W. Putnam, and the members of the Con., 485;

ophiological experiments (see Coues, Mitchel, Putnam, etc.).

V

Valenciennes; on the py., 78, et seq., 444, et seq.

Vallée gave drink to the py., 79.

Valley of Wyoming infested with ss., 289.

Veleno, il della vipera (Fontana, 1767), 368.

Venner, Elsie, 301.

Venom; varies in ss., 534;

intensity of, 360, 537, 533;

remedies for, 552, et seq.;

modes of treatment, 545, et seq. (see Fayrer, Mitchell, etc. etc.).

Vernaculars, 277, 279, 397, 419, 429;

Stradling on, 423.

Vertebræ; of Deirodon, 67;

number of joints, 209, 210;

articulation, 212;

capabilities of, 196, 202, et seq., 212, 587;

distinctions in, 211 (see spine, constriction).

Vestiges of limbs, 54;

in anaconda, 220, 453;

in form of ‘claws’, 219, et seq.;

Darwin on, 326;

Huxley on, 327.

Vibratile; action of fangs, 278, 375, 403, 409;

of tail, 155, 180, et seq., 587.

Vibration through solids affects ss., 526.

Virginia, 5;

‘Generall Historie of’, 272;

‘Account of’, 274;

‘History of’ (Beverley), 281, (Howe), 289;