Able, adj. fit, suitable, 121/16.

Abrode, adv. abroad, 10/30.

Abused, pp. ill-suited, 151/13.

Accompte, s. account, inventory, 151/1; A-compte, account, 146/92.

A-cloyde, s. accloyed; a hurt caused by running a nail into a horse’s foot, 115/1. From O. F. cloyer, same as clouer, to nail.

Acre, s. acre, 12/4.

A-crosse, adv. on the cross, crosswise, 61/8.

Affreyd, s. a disease in horses caused by hard riding, 104/1. Cf. E. fray; and see frayer in Cotgrave.

After, prep. according to, 15/22, 121/12; close to, 25/22.

Aftermath, s. a second crop of grass, 70/32.

All-onely, adv. only, 37/23, 65/4. Cf. Lowl. Sc. al-anerly, only.

Almes, s. alms, 168/3.

Almes-dedes, s. alms-deeds, 168/1.

Al-onely, adv. alone, 141/9. See All-onely.

Ambrose, St., 156/23, 163/9, 167/11.

Amended, pp. mended, 141/32.

Amerced, pp. fined, 148/22.

An, num. adj. one, 133/11.

Anastasius, 164/14.

And, conj. if, 6/12, 24/21, 25/16, 68/62, 70/34, 142/7.

Anis, s. pl. awns, 34/25, 29.

Anna, Hannah, 165/53.

Apparell, s. apparel, 151/3.

Appeyre, v. injure, 18/31; appeyreth, pr. s. impairs, injures, 18/17.

Aray, s. array, 151/13.

Araye, imp. s. dress, 146/11.

A-slope, adv. slanting, 2/24.

Assaut, s. assault, 167/37.

At-after, prep. after, 22/10. (Not uncommon.) It occurs in Chaucer, C.T. 11531.

Athanasii, gen. s. of Athanasius, 161/4.

Attempte, v. to tempt, 167/4.

Atteynt, s. attaint, a disease caused by overstepping, 113/1. “Of an upper attaint, or nether attaint, or any hurt by over-reaching.”—G. Markham, Husbandry, b. i. c. 54.

Auctorytie, s. authority, 141/19; auctorytes, pl. powers, prol. 21.

Aue, Ave Maria, 166/12.

Augur, s. auger, tool for boring holes, 41/8; gen. augurs, i.e. made by an auger, 3/57.

Auoyde, v. depart, 167/36.

Austyn, St. Augustine, 156/19, 157/3, 158/1, 164/26, 168/25.

Auyse, pr. s. advise, 141/1.

Awry, adv. awry, 50/5.

Axil-pynnes, s. pl. axle-pins, 5/20.

Axiltre, s. axle-tree, 5/18.


Backe-syde, s. back side, back, 127/9.

Badger, s. badger, 71/7.

Bagges, s. pl. bags, 141/69.

Bakbandes, s. pl. back-bands for a horse in a cart, 5/28.

Baken, s. bacon, 121/18.

Balkes, s. pl. divisions of land (covered with grass) in an open field, 6/17.

Ball, s. a white streak, 73/1. See Bald in my Etym. Dict.

Band, s. band for barley, 28/8. See below.

Bandes, s. pl. bands, the bands that tie bundles of faggots together, 131/8.

Bargeins, s. pl. transactions, 36/20.

Barbes, s. pl. the barbles, small excrescences of flesh in a horse’s mouth, 82/1. See Lampas.

Baste, s. piece of bast, 138/30; bastes, pl. 136/22.

Bate, v. to lower, abate, 153/16.

Bauson, s. badger, 71/7.

Bayly, or Baylye, s. bailiff, 134/3, 141/57, 148/40.

Bayting. See note to sect. 8 (ch. 8, ll. 9 and 13); p. 131.

Beate, v. improve [not beat], 8/20. Lowl. Sc. beet, A. S. bétan, to better. “Beet-axe, the instrument used in beeting ground in denshering.”—Wright.

Beetle-browed, having projecting brows, note to 56/9; p. 139.

Begonne, prob. an error for be gone, i.e. are dropped, 18/10. See the note.

Begotten, pp. obtained, 169/30, 42.

Behouable, adj. fitting, 155/10.

Belte, v. to shear the buttocks and tails of sheep, 40/24. Burl is used in the same sense; see belt and burl in Old Country Words, ed. Britten, pp. 134, 136.

Belybandes, s. pl. belly-bands for a horse in a cart, 5/28.

Bende, adj. bent, 3/49; as s. bent piece, 4/33.

Bendfoder, s. fodder of straw and hay mingled, note to 6/27; p. 131.

Be-pysse hym-selfe, give out moisture, 25/27.

Bere-barleye, s. a kind of barley, 13/26. A reduplicated word. Bere is the same as bar- in bar-ley. A.S. bere, barley.

Bernard, St., 156/25, 164/10.

Best lykinge, adj. superl. goodliest, best in appearance, 48/13.

Besyde, prep. on the one side, sideways out of, 139/17.

Better, adj. compar. 5/12.

Beyked, pp. warmed, dried, 24/23. M.E. beken, answering to an A.S. form bécan* (not found), formed as a secondary verb, by vowel-change, from A.S. bóc, pt. t. of bacan, to bake. So also lay from lie, set from sit, etc. See beken in Stratmann, who refers to Le Bone Florence, l. 99, Iwain and Gawain, l. 1459, O.E. Homilies, i. 269, and Test. of Creseyde, 26.

Beykyng, s. warming, drying, 24/12. See above.

Beytynge, pres. pt. feeding, lit. baiting, 22/12.

Bier, s. buyer, 134/30.

Bigge, adj. big, large (with reference to clods), 10/4.

Blacke-thorne, s. blackthorn, 124/14.

Blankettes, s. pl. blankets, 146/79.

Blend-corn, s. wheat mixed with rye, 34/19. (Blend = blended.)

Blesse, v. to bless, 146/2.

Blome, pr. pl. bloom, 24/16.

Bloude, s. blood, 145/8; also the name of a sickness among sheep, 48/2.

Bloud-yren, s. bleeding-iron, lancet, 58/29.

Blyssomme, v. to copulate, said of sheep, 37/14. A ewe is said to be blissom, i.e. blithe-some, eager. Cf. lissom = lithe-some.

Bobbed, pt. pl., struck, 166/29.

Bodkyn, s. bodkin, 142/6.

Boget, s. a budget, wallet, 142/1.

Boke, book, 3/2, etc.; bokes, pl. 142/4.

Bolles, s. pl. pods, 146/50. Lit. “swellings;” see below. Cf. Du. bol, swollen.

Bolne, v. to swell, 128/29; bolneth, pr. s. swells, 128/21. Cf. Swed. bulna, Dan. bulne, to swell.

Bolster, s. place of support, 4/51. The bed of a timber carriage is called a bolster (Wright).

Bord-clothes, s. pl. table-cloths, 146/45.

Borde, s. board, 122/27.

Bores, s. pl. boars, 121/9.

Bottelles, s. pl. bottles, 141/69.

Bottes, s. pl. bots, a kind of worms troublesome to horses, 102/1.

Bowes, s. pl. boughs, 122/21.

Bowes, s. pl. the bent pieces of wood (beneath the yoke) which pass round the necks of yoked oxen, 5/3. Usually called oxbows, as in Tusser.

Bracer, s. bracer, armour for the arms, 142/3. See Chaucer, C.T. 111.

Braked, pp. bruised in a brake or machine for crushing flax, 146/42.

Breade-come, s. corn to be ground to bread meal, for making brown bread, 20/16. See note to P. Plowman, C. ix. 61.

Breake thy faste, phr. breakfast, 149/8.

Breaketh, pr. s. breaks in, 120/3.

Brede, s. breadth, 110/3, 132/18. A.S. brǽdu.

Brekefaste, s. breakfast, 146/12.

Bren, v. burn, 27/10; brenne, 131/2.

Brode, adj. broad, 2/14.

Brodye, adj. ready to lay (as hens), lit. brood-y, 146/24.

Broken-wynded, s. a being broken in the wind (said of a horse), 85/1.

Brome, s. the plant broom, 44/4.

Brouse, s. small sprigs which the cattle eat, 132/3; and see notes to 38/3, 126/9. O. F. broust, a sprig.

Brouse, v. to browze, eat off, 131/3. Derived from the sb. above.

Broyse, imp. s. bruise, 59/12; broysed, pp. 6/30.

Brue, v. to brew, 146/15.

Brumentes, s. pl. inventories, 152/5. Roquefort gives: ‘Brevememt [obviously an error for Brevement], état de dépense, mémoire, agenda, bordereau.’ He also notes breumen, used for brevement, briefly. Hence brument is for brevement, i.e. short list, abstract.

Brused, pp. bruised, 129/4.

Bryckle, adj. brittle, 100/8.

Bryne, s. brine, 44/8.

Brynke, s. brink, brim, top, 148/3.

Bryse, imp. s. bruise, 129/3. See Broyse.

Buddes, s. pl. buds, shoots, 126/11.

Bukler, s. buckler, 142/3.

Bulder-stones, s. pl. smooth large round stones, 15/28.

Bull, s. harrow-bull, 15/9. See Harowe-bulles.

Bulleys, s. pl. bullaces, 136/4, 140/1.

Bunnes, s. pl. dry stalks, 70/9. “Bun, a dry stalk;” Wright. Cf. Gael. bun, a root, stock, stump; bunan, stubble.

Burges, pr. s. buds, burgeons, 135/8.

Burthen, s. crop, 12/21.

Bussheles, s. pl. bushels, 12/8.

Busshell-pokes, s. pl. bags or sacks holding a bushel, 141/69.

Bustardes, s. pl. bustards, 146/29.

But, prep. except, 122/1; but and, conj. if, 44/2.

By, v. buy, 56/5; bye, 148/36.

By and by, phr. exactly, distinctly, in order one after the other, 126/15; immediately, 42/8. See Wright’s Gloss.

Byd, v. to bid, invite, 152/18.

Byer, s. buyer, 118/6.

Bygge, s. bigg, the name of a kind of barley, 13/27. Bigg occurs as the name of a kind of barley A.D. 1474–5; see Rogers, Hist. Agric. vol. iii. Icel. bygg, Dan. byg, barley.

Byghte, s. (bight), bend, 132/6.

Byrdes, s. pl. birds, chickens, 146/30.


Caluary, Calvary, 166/32.

Cambrydge-shyre, 2/27.

Camborell, s. the hock of an animal, 107/3. Usually cambrel or gambrel.

Can, pr. s. knows, 52/7; pr. pl. 147/26.

Candell-lyghte, s. candle-light, 149/5.

Candelmas, s. the day of the purification of the Virgin, Feb. 2, 134/22.

Canker, cancer, a disease of horses, note to 83/1; p. 141.

Cannes, s. pl. cans, 141/68.

Capitayne, s. captain, 167/28.

Carte-ladder, s. a frame-work behind a cart, 5/27. See carte-ladders, 5/30.

Cart-sadel, s. the small saddle placed on a horse in the shafts, 5/27.

Caryage, s. traffic of carts, 128/12.

Caryen, s. carrion, 6/34, 58/10.

Casses, s. pl. the name of a kind of apple, 130/4. Roquefort gives casse, as meaning an oak. Cf. Low Lat. casnus, F. chêne, an oak.

Caste, v. to swarm, as bees, 122/6; caste, pp. thrown over, as ploughed earth, 33/4.

Castynge, s. casting, 13/16. See 13/13.

Cattell, s. cattle, 37/2.

Cayphas, Caiphas, 166/27.

Chafed, pp. heated, over-ridden, 85/5.

Chafynge, pres. pt. growing warm, 88/2.

Chall-bones, s. pl. jawbones, 86/3.

Challes, s. pl. jaws, 75/3. Chall = jowl; see jowl in my Etym. Dict.

Champyon, s. flat, open, said of country, 66/15. (The same as champaign.) See Tusser’s Husbandry.

Chapmannes, s. gen. merchants, purchasers, 118/4.

Chapyter, s. chapter, 141/13; pl. chapyters, 141/3.

Charte, s. cart, 19/5.

Cheape, adj. cheap; better cheape, cheaper (where cheap was orig. a sb.), 5/13.

Chekyns, s. pl. chickens, 146/89.

Chepeth, pr. s. bargains for, 157/27.

Cheryes, s. pl. cherries, 136/3, 140/1.

Chesse, s. chess, prol. 15.

Chesses, s. pl. rows, note to 125/4. A chase is “a row”; see Old Country Words, ed. Britten, p. 59.

Chowe, v. chew, 23/11; chowynge, pr. pt. 79/7.

Chrisostome, St. Chrysostom, 155/16; Crysostome, 156/30.

Churle hempe, s. male hemp (so called), 146/58.

Chylturne, s. the name of a kind of soil, 2/5. See note. We find Ciltern as a place-name in the A. S. Chron. an. 1009. And see Old Country Words, ed. Britten, p. 11.

Chyne, s. the chine, back, 87/1, 119/4.

Chynynge, s. cracking, 138/30. A. S. cínan, to crack. Cf. E. chine, chink.

Clarkes, s. pl. clerks, scholars, 7/15.

Clayenge, s. putting on the clay, 138/33.

Cleauynge, s. cleft, 138/29.

Cleese, s. pl. claws, 64/2; clese, 47/3, 9. (Properly clees.)

Clerkes, s. pl. scholars, 166/39.

Cley, s. clay, 2/4.

Close, s. an inclosure, 66/17; closes, pl. 123/2.

Clothes, s. pl. cloths, 146/79.

Clothe-makers, s. pl. cloth-makers, 146/81.

Clot, s. clod, 15/47; clottes, pl. 15/14.

Clotty, adj. lumpy, full of clods, 15/45.

Clouen, pp. cloven, divided, 136/20.

Clouen-footed, adj. cloven-footed, 146/27.

Clout, pp. clouted, strengthened with nails or pieces of iron, 5/18.

Cloute, s. rag, 64/9.

Cockole, s. corn-cockle, 20/13.

Cocledrake, an error for cocle, drake, two distinct words; cocle = corn-cockle, 20/3. See Drake; and see above.

Codde, s. cod, 57/5; a pod, 29/11 (where coddes, pl. would be better); coddes, pl. pods, 20/11.

Codde, v. bear fruit (said of peas), 12/38. Cf. peascod = pea-pod; see above.

Coffyns, s. pl. baskets, 166/21.

Cogges, s. pl. cogs, 134/9. “But the cogge-whele in a corne-mylne is a great helper, if it be well pycked [clean cut], well cogged, and well ronged; sixe ronges and xlviii. cogges are best for a great ryuer;” On Surveying, c. 39. Thus the rungs are the divisions of the smaller, and the cogs of the larger wheel, at the circumference.

Coke, s. another name for the plough-ear, 3/5. Perhaps connected with Cokers, iron rims round clogs, and calkins, cawkins, the parts of a horse-shoe turned up and sharpened to prevent slipping (Wright; Gloss.)

Coke, s. a piece of iron used instead of a plough-foot, 4/46. See above.

Cole, s. coal, 19/3.

Coltes euyll, s. a disease in colts, 101/1. See G. Markham; Husbandry, b. i. c. 32.

Combe, s. comb, 142/5.

Commons, s. pl. common pasture-grounds, 6/10.

Common weale, s. general advantage, 151/22.

Compasse, adj. circular, encompassing, 136/11.

Conclusion, in, finally, at last, 132/18.

Connynge, s. knowledge, 141/22.

Content, adj. pleased, 120/17.

Conuenyente, adj. fitting, prol. 14, 145/15, 146/75.

Conuocation, s. gathering, 155/3.

Copyoke, s. part of the harness for a waggon, 5/5. Wright gives cop, (1) top ... (7) the part of a waggon which hangs over the thiller-horse, (8) the beam placed between a pair of drawing oxen. See Yoke.

Cordes, s. pl. cords, a disease in front of a horse’s fore-legs, 92/1. “Cords, or string-halt, is an unnaturall binding of the sinews;” G. Markham, Husbandry, b. i. c. 64.

Corne, s. kind of corn, 32/2; cornes, pl. grains, 15/4.

Corser, s. a horse-dealer, 119/15, 120/4. We also find scorser in the same sense.

Cotes, s. pl. coats, 151/13.

Couer, v. cover, a term applied to collecting sheaves by tens, two of them covering the other eight by being laid across, 31/2.

Couerlettes, s. pl. coverlets, 146/80.

Countre, s. county, 3/7; countreys, s. pl. counties, 2/2, 35/6; countreyes, 2/28, 3/8.

Courbe, s. a curb, a kind of lameness in horses, 107/l.

Cowpers, s. pl. coopers, 134/7.

Crabtree, s. crabtree, 124/5; crabbe-tree, 137/11.

Cranes, s. pl. cranes, 146/29.

Cratches, s. pl. racks, mangers, 70/44. F. crèche.

Cratches, s. pl. scratches, a disease in a horse’s pasterns, 112/1.

Credence, s. credit, belief, 141/18.

Crofote, s. crowfoot, 15/22. A crowfoot is a Ranunculus; see Dict. of E. Plant-names.

Croke, pr. pl. crook, bend, 27/12.

Croked, adj. crooked, 3/39.

Cromely, adj. liable to crumble, 100/6.

Croper, s. the crupper, 105/2.

Croppe, v. to crop, to cut off the top-most shoots or the sprigs, 131/1.

Croppes, s. pl. shoots, sprigs, 44/4.

Crosse, adj. going across, 5/22.

Crume, s. crumb, 11/23.

Cudde, s. cud, 17/33.

Culture, s. coulter, 3/6, 34, 48; 63/4.

Cure, s. endeavour, 146/2.

Currante, adj. running, moving, 128/4; sloping downwards,