128/8.

Customers, s. pl. customers, 119/13.


Damme, s. dam, mother (said of a mare), 68/75.

Dampsons, s. pl. damsons, 136/4, 140/1.

Darbyshyre, 17/21.

Darnolde, s. darnel, 20/4; dernolde, 20/21.

Dauyd, David, 156/34, 168/17.

Deceypt, s. deceit, 146/102.

Declared, pp. explained, 147/28.

Dee-nettylles, s. pl. purple dead-nettles, 20/47.

Defautes, s. pl. defects, faults, 141/54.

Departe, v. to part, separate, 145/15.

Dernolde, s. darnel, 20/21.

Detters, s. pl. debtors, 170/11.

Dettes, s. pl. debts, 170/10.

Deuyded, pp. divided, prol. 18, 11/15.

Dewbolne, s. a disease; lit. “swollen with dew,” 60/1. Bollen = swollen. “Dewboln, a swelling, beginning at the neather part of the dewlap;” G. Markham, Husbandry, c. 37 (bk. ii.).

Dewlappe, s. dewlap, 59/10.

Discretion, s. discernment, wisdom, 11/1; discreation, 146/122.

Displeasure, s. displeasure, offence, 153/22.

Disport, s. sport, 153/11.

Dockes, s. pl. docks, 20/3, 12.

Dodder, s. a kind of weed, 20/47. See Dict. of E. Plant-names, p. 154; and doder in Turner’s Names of Herbes.

Dogfenell, s. stinking chamomile, Anthemis Cotula, 20/4, 32. See Dict. of E. Plant-names.

Domynation, s. dominion, power, 54/22, 152/30.

Dongynge, s. manuring, 13/4.

Dounged, pp. manured, 13/2.

Dout, imp. s. doubt, 151/27.

Douues, s. pl. doves, 17/34.

Dowles, s. pl. tholes, pegs, 5/9. “Doul, a nail or pin sharpened at each end;” Wright. “Tholle, a cart-pynne;” Palsgrave.

Dradde, pp. dreaded, 167/8.

Drake, s. a kind of darnel, 20/17. Also called drawk (Wright); and see E. Plant-names, p. 159.

Draughte, s. a team of horse or oxen, 22/10; a manner of drawing, 15/22.

Dresse, v. to prepare, by cutting off all small twigs, 132/5.

Drone, s. a drone, 122/49.

Duetie, s. debt, 157/19.

Dunne, adj. dun, brown, 34/40.

Dychynge, s. ditching, 124/2.

Dysheryte, v. to disinherit, 153/24.

Dyssheborde, s. dish-board, dresser, 146/9.

Dystaffe, s. distaff, 146/46.


Ebbe, adj. shallow, 33/4.

Ecclesiastici, gen. s. of Ecclesiasticus, 169/35.

Eddered, pp. bound at the top of the stakes, 126/7. See yeather in Ray, Gloss. B. 15, p. 75.

Edderynge, s. the binding at the top of stakes used in making hedges, also called ether, 126/6; edderynges, pl. 126/14.

Eest, s. east, 133/20.

Effectually, adv. sincerely, 145/16.

Ellore, s. the elder tree, 126/2. Usually eller, which also means the alder; see E. Plant-names, p. 168.

Elne, s. an ell, 15/23.

Encreace, v. increase, 17/18.

Endent, v. indent, 23/15.

Endure, v. to last, 148/36.

Enfecte, adj. infected, 58/12.

Enforme, v. inform, 11/29, 155/8; enfourme, teach, tell, 134/26.

Englysshe, English, 166/8.

Ensample, s. example, 36/9.

Entente, s. purpose, 7/11.

Enterfyre, s. interference of the feet, the knocking of one foot against the other, 109/1. See the note. “Enterfayring is hewing one leg on another, and striking off the skin;” G. Markham, Husbandry, c. 58.

Ere, conj. before, 15/35; er, 36/2.

Eschewe, v. to eschew, 146/107.

Estate, s. state, condition, 70/28; estates, pl. wealthy persons, 153/9.

Euery, adj. every, 127/40.

Ewerie, s. ewery, place for pitchers, etc.; note to 140/8.

Exaltation of the holye crosse, i.e. Sept. 14, 37/16.

Expende, v. to spend, 147/13.

Extende, v. to extend, reach to, 147/14.

Eyen, s. pl. eyes, 48/6; eien, 48/8.


Faculty, s. ability, wealth, 147/18.

Facyons, s. pl. fashions, kinds, 2/3.

Faldynge, s. a kind of frieze, or rough cloth, 44/14. See Chaucer, C. T. 393.

Falowe, v. to plough, 16/3. See below.

Falowynge, s. ploughing land for the first time (for wheat), 4/42. See 16/3.

Fan, v. to winnow corn, 35/6; fande, pp. 35/10.

Farcyon, s. the farcy, a disease of horses, in which swellings appear on his body, 93/1. Cf. F. farcer, to stuff.

Faste, adv. very near, close, 25/32.

Fayne, adj. obliged, compelled, 151/14.

Feitergrasse, s. the name of a kind of grass (spelt fettergrass in ed. 1598), 59/11.

Felle, v. to fell, 131/1.

Felow, s. fellow, i.e. neighbouring furrow, 9/9.

Fellyes, s. pl. pieces of wood joined together to make the circle of a wheel, 5/9.

Felly-fole, s. filly-foal, filly, 68/52.

Female hempe, s. wild hemp, 146/57.

Fenbrede, s. mud-board, or mould-board, 3/4, 27. See note to 3/1. Fen = mud; as commonly in M. E.

Fence, v. to form a fence, 125/5.

Fenel-sedes, s. pl. fennel seeds, 20/18.

Ferny, adj. covered with ferns, 50/10.

Ferre, adv. far, 48/11, 150/6, 164/8.

Ferthermore, adv. furthermore, besides, 151/17.

Fetelockes, s. pl. fetlocks, 99/3.

Fette, pt. s. brought, 166/34.

Fettred, pp. fastened together, bound, 5/10.

Filberdes, s. pl. filberts, 136/3.

Flaine, pp. flayed, 58/21. See Fley.

Flanke, s. flank, 85/4.

Flasshes, s. pl. marshy places, 70/8. The usual sense is “pool.”

Flaxen wheate, s. flaxen wheat, a kind of wheat, 34/23, 25.

Flayle, s. flail, 5/33.

Fley, imp. s. flay, 38/11; spelt flee, 58/8.

Flokes, s. pl. flukes, 56/16.

Floures, s. pl. flowers, 156/6.

Flyntered, pp. said of “small corn wrinkled and dried,” 34/43. Cf. flinders, fragments; and cf. splintered.

Flytte, imp. s. remove, 148/15; flyte, v. 18/3; flytteth, pr. s. 18/28. Lit. “flit.”

Fodered, pp. foddered, fed, 70/40.

Folden, pp. folded, 52/6.

Foled, pp. foaled, 118/10.

Foole, s. foal, 68/7, 11; fools, pl. 56/4.

Fooled, pp. foaled, 68/13.

Foolynge-tyme, s. foaling time, 68/40.

For, prep. against, to prevent, 18/33, 32/8, 35/8, 44/15, 51/9, 52/1, 70/46, 139/19. (Observe this use.)

For nothynge, phr. on no account, 124/14, 138/10.

Forecroppe, s. fore-crop, a part of a cow or bullock, 57/2. I learn that the fore-crop is the upper part of the fore quarter of an ox, and lies between the neck and the sirloin. “... it shews he is wel tallowed, and so doth the crop behind the shoulders;” Markham, Husbandry, Of Oxen.

Fore-wedge, s. fore-wedge (before the coulter), 4/23.

Forowe, s. a furrow, 4/6.

Forther, adj. front, foremost, 92/2. “Forther-fete, the forefeet;” Wright.

Fortune, v. to chance, happen, 3/1, 120/17, 124/38, 153/24.

Fote, plough-foot, 4/12. See Plough-fote.

Fote-teame, s. (apparently) the end of the drawing-gear which is fastened to a plough or harrow, 4/37, 15/12. See Wrethyng-temes.

Foughten, pp. fought, 169/11.

Foule, s. an ulcer in a cow’s foot, 64/1.

Freeholders, s. pl. freeholders, 130/22.

Freteth, pr. s. eats away, 20/7.

Fretter, s. a corrosive, 43/5.

Fullymartes, s. pl. polecats, 146/31. M.E. fulmart.

Fyfte, adj. num. fifth, 75/3.

Fylberdes, s. pl. filberts, 140/4.

Fyled, pp. defiled, dirtied, 41/1, 45/4.

Fyllettes, s. pl. fillets, 76/6. “Filet, the fillet of a beast;” Cotgrave. “Fillets, in a horse, are the foreparts of the shoulder next the breast;” Bailey’s Dict. vol. i. ed. 1735.

Fynde, v. to provide with, furnish, 153/20.

Fyre-wodde, s. fire-wood, 132/2.

Fysking, s. fidgeting, roaming about, 45/2. See examples in my note to P. Plowman, C. 10/153.

Fytches, s. pl. vetches, 20/40, 70/8.


Garches, s. pl. an error for garthes, i.e. hoops, 134/7. See Garthe-webbe.

Garniter, the officer who had care of the granary, note to 140/8.

Garthe-webbe, s. webbing for a girth, 10/23. “Garth, a hoop or band;” Wright. See Garches. A girth-web is mentioned A.D. 1502; see Rogers, Hist. Agric. vol. iii.

Geare, s. gear, implements, 5/2; gere, 142/7.

Geld, pr. pl. cut too high (said of beans), 29/9.

Gelly, s. jelly, 44/7.

Gete, pp. gotten, taken up, 129/11; gette, gotten from, taken from, 137/7. A.S. geten, pp.

Gethereth, pr. s. gathers, 28/5.

Gise, s. guise, fashion, way, 35/8.

Glaunder, s. glander, usually in the plural, 87/2. See below.

Glaunders, s. glanders, a disease in the glands, 86/1.

Gleyd, s. kite, 146/31. A S. glida.

Glose, s. gloss, comment, 168/34.

Glotony, s. gluttony, 152/23.

Gloues, s. pl. gloves, 142/3.

Gnappe, v. to bite slightly; gnappe of, rub off with their teeth (said of horses), 93/6. The same as kneppe, to bite slightly, in Best’s Rural Economy in Yorkshire (Surtees Society); mod. E. nip.

Golds, s. pl. corn marigold, 20/25; gouldes, 20/4. See Ray, Gloss. B. 16, p. 83; Tusser, note to 39/21.

Gore, v. to gore, 70/43.

Gostely, adj. spiritual, 167/38.

Goten, pp. gotten, 154/9.

Gouldes, s. pl. corn marigolds, 20/4; golds, 20/25.

Goute, s. gout, 65/1.

Gowty, adj. gouty, 56/6.

Goyng vppon, walking about upon the ground, 18/23.

Graffe, v. to graft, 136/6.

Graffe, s. a graft, slip, 136/17.

Graffynge-sawe, saw for grafting, 136/7.

Grammer-schole, s. grammar-school, 147/11.

Grasier, s. grazier, 40/1.

Grauelynge, s. graveling, caused by gravel in a horse’s foot, 114/1.

Grayned, pp. forked at the top, 41/9. “Grain, a prong of a fork;” Wright. (Common). “Grain-staff, a quarter-staff with a pair of short tines at the end, which they call grains;” Ray, Gloss. B. 16, p. 84.

Greatte; a greatte, by wholesale, 134/18.

Gregorye, St. Gregory, 162/12; Gregory, 155/24, 161/15, 165/26, 167/6.

Grese, v. to grease, 40/24.

Greued, pp. grieved, 147/15.

Gristell, s. gristle, 89/2.

Grombalde-brydge, Grimbald Bridge, near Knaresborough, 79/10.

Grosse sale, wholesale, 36/25.

Grote, s. groat, 20/15.

Gurthe, s. girth, 142/5.

Gyrre, s. a disease of cattle, probably giddiness, 70/33. Cf. F. girer, to turn.

Gyse, s. guise, way, custom, 133/1.


Hachet, s. hatchet, 127/2.

Hades, s. pl. strips of greensward, 6/17. “Hade, a ridge of land, a small piece of greensward at the end of arable land;” Wright.

Half-throne, v. to cover sheaves in some particular manner, 31/3. It is believed to be the same as the Shropshire hackle, which is to put four sheaves of wheat into a shock, and then to place another sheaf (upright) with the ears downwards, on the top. This agrees with covering except in the use of 4 sheaves for 8.

Halomshyre, Hallamshire (in which is Sheffield), 17/21.

Halte, v. to go lamely, 98/5.

Halter, s. halter, 142/2.

Halue, s. half, 127/4.

Hamper, s. hamper, basket, 11/23.

Hampole, Richardus de, 165/39.

Handbyll, s. small bill-hook, 127/2.

Handel, v. to handle, 40/24.

Handsome, adj. handy, convenient, 24/22.

Harde, pp. heard, 164/30.

Harde by, phr. close, 129/4.

Harowe-bulles, s. pl. chief pieces of timber composing an ox-harrow, 15/6.

Harowed, pp. harrowed, 15/2.

Harowe-tyndes, s. pl. tines or prongs of a harrow, 15/10.

Hasell, s. hazel, 24/16, 124/5.

Hassell, adj. stiff, said of a soil; see it partially defined in note to 2/6. “Hazle, stiff, as clay; Essex.”—Wright. “A haisel mould, which I count to be one of the best wealdish moulds, being a compound mould, and very good for marle.”—G. Markham, Inrichment of the Weald, 1649, p. 9.

Hasty, adj. early, 12/39.

Hatched, put for hatchet, note to 46/3. “Brains of a hatchet,” a term for the oily substance obtained by burning linen on the head of a hatchet.

Hatte, s. hat, 142/2.

Haue, v. take, 58/12.

Hawdod, s. corn bluebottle, Centaurea Cyanus, 20/28; haudoddes, pl. 20/4. Cf. hardewes, a name for the wild succory (Cichorium Intybus) in Turner’s Names of Herbes.

Hawe, s. an excrescence in the eye of a horse, 89/1.

Hearbgrace, s. herb-grace, rue, note to 144.

Heare, s. hair, 64/5, 98/4; heares, pl. 47/5, 11.

Hearynges, s. pl. herrings, 36/10.

Hecheled, pp. heckled, combed, 146/42.

Hedge-rote, s. hedge-root, stump, 132/12.

Hedgyngebyll, s. bill for hedging, 5/32.

Heed, s. head, 47/4, 102/3.

Heed, pr. s. subj. 2 p. behead, cut off the top, crop, 132/9; heeded, pp. 132/15.

Heeth-grounde, s. ground covered with heather, 2/7.

Helewedge, s. heel-wedge (behind the coulter), 4/23.

Helpe, v. mend, cure, 58/2.

Herdman, s. herdsman, 6/10; herdeman, 123/15.

Heringes, s. pl. herrings, 36/12.

Herode, Herod, 166/27.

Hert, s. heart, middle, 100/4; herte, 114/3.

Hey, s. hay, 23/4, 66/14; heye, 146/85.

Hey-cockes, s. pl. haycocks, 25/15.

Hey-rope, s. hay rope, 64/5.

His, pr. gen. its, 9/8.

Hode, s. hood, 142/2.

Hogges, s. pl. hogs, 121/9.

Hole, adj. whole, healthy, 149/13.

Hole-footed, adj. whole-footed, web-footed, 146/26.

Holer, adj. compar. more whole; healthier, 149/13.

Hole-straw wheat, wheat with a whole or solid straw, note to 34/43.

Holmes, s. pl. put for homes = hames, 5/25, 15/41. See Hombers.

Holpen, pp. helped, cured, 61/6, 82/2.

Holsome, adj. wholesome, 25/18.

Holy bread, s. ordinary leavened bread cut into small pieces, blessed, and given to the people, 11/18. See note to P. Plowman, C. xvi. 210.

Holye, s. holly, 124/5.

Holyrode-day, the day of the holy cross, Sept. 14 (see 17/16), 134/21. See Phillips’ Dict. ed. 1706.

Hombers, s. pl. horse-collars, 5/24, 15/41. Also called hamberwes, hamboroughs; from hame, one of the bent pieces of wood to which the trace is fastened, and A.S. beorgan, to protect. Lit. ‘hame-protectors.’

Honger, s. hunger, 30/14.

Hopper, s. a seed-basket, 10/22, 25; 34/10. M.E. hoper (P. Plowman).

Horne, s. horn, 142/3.

Horse, s. gen. horse’s, 82/1, 91/1.

Horse-harowes, s. pl. harrows drawn by horses, 15/15.

Horse-leche, s. horse-doctor, 120/6.

Horse-mayster, s. horse-master, 120/1.

Houe, s. hoof, 78/6, 98/2.

Hoystynge, s. coughing, 59/3. ‘Hoist, a cough; East.’—Wright.

Hucbone, s. hip-bone, 57/3. More commonly huckle.

Hurdes, s. pl. hards, coarse flax, 146/39.

Hurdels, s. pl. hurdles, 18/35.

Husbandes, s. pl. husbandmen, 3/1.

Huske, s. husk, 14/12.

Huswife, s. housewife, 148/1.

Hyer, higher, prol. 33.

Hynder, adj. latter, 148/11.


Iagged, adj. jagged,