166, 175

Tigris, 238, 239, 294, 301, 302, 307;
Christians, table, 311-312

Tirnovo, 214

Tiroler Volksbund, 75

Toce, 67

Torre Pellice, 61-62

Tosks, 193

Trade, Asiatic and European, 233-236;
language and, 325-327

Transylvania, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 339;
social grouping, 159

Traveri, 287

Trent, Italian character, 75;
Bishopric of, 73, 74

Trentino, 335;
German in, 72;
German invasions, 70;
German propaganda, 75;
Italian dialects in, 72;
Italy’s claims and their basis, 73;
sketch-map showing languages spoken, 71

Trèves, 287

Triest, 76, 77

Troy, 232

Turani, 306

Turin, 60, 63

Turkestan, 283

Turkey, Armenians and, 293-294;
classification of peoples of Asiatic, table, 310;
danger to Europe past, 82-83;
economic position, 268;
elements of interest, 228;
Europe and, 237;
European powers and, 237;
geographical case of, 221-270;
geographical sections and peoples, 271;
Greeks and Albanians forced into Italy, 89-90;
groups of peoples, 273;
highway of commerce, 222-224, 248;
historic struggle for highway, 226-227;
literature and nationality, 323-325;
nationality, 230;
patriotism absent, 229;
partition, 236-237;
peoples of, 271-313;
Poland and, 120;
railroads, 248-252;
spheres of influence of European powers, 250-251;
summary glance at foreign influence, 269-270;
world selection, 230-236.
See also Asia Minor

Turki, 101, 154, 272, 281, 283, 284

Turkish, 15, 204, 225;
Arabic words, 280;
Bulgarian and, 210;
Persian words, 272

Turkomans, 283

Turko-Persian borderland Christians, table, 311-313

Turks, 154, 165, 167, 168, 171, 186, 187;
customs, 176-177;
European occupation temporary, 177;
exodus, 202;
Greek and Bulgarian division of lands, 207-208;
in Asia Minor, 278-282;
intruders in Europe, 216-217;
race, 280;
religion, language and nationality, 280;
Tatar character, 279-280;
two types, 281

Tyrol, 75;
German and Italian competition, 74;
southern, 70


Ukraine, 131, 135

Upper Silesia, 126;
Germans and Poles, 126-127, 139-140

Uralo-Altaic, 17

Urals, 17, 333

Urartu, 290, 291

Uskub, 186, 204, 210, 211


Valais, 51-54;
German in, 66-67

Valdese valleys, 62

Valona, 200, 201

Van, 290

Vannic, 291, 292

Var, 64

Vardar valley, 164, 204

Venetia, 74;
German dialects in, 68

Venice, 72, 85, 200;
Dalmatian influence and authority, 85, 87

Venice, Gulf of, 84

Veria, Rumanians, 164

Verse, conversing in, 108

Vienna, 153, 154, 156

Vienna, treaty of, 315-316, 328-329

Vistula, 111, 113, 117, 118, 133, 135, 136, 137

Vosges, 41, 334


Walas, 22

Wallachian verse, 160

Wallachians, 162, 167, 168

Wallonia, 19, 28

Walloon, 19-30

Walloons, 19-30;
rivalry with Flemings, 28-30

Warsaw, 123, 124

Water boundaries, 333

“Weiler,” 45

Wends, 133-135;
map of speech area, 134

White Russians, 113, 136

Willcocks, Sir Wm., 239

Witte, H., 37, 44, 45


Yemen, 306

Yezidis, 303-304

Yuruks, 288-289


Zara, 77, 85

Zips, 170