2053. Turning tool for metal. V tool.
2054. Turning tool for metal. V tool for inside threads.
2055. Turning tool for metal. Side tool for square shoulders.
2056. Turning tool for metal. Side tool for square shoulders, right hand.
2057. Turning tool for metal. Boring tool.
2058. Turning tool for metal. Boring tool for square shoulders.
2059. Turning tool for metal. Boring tool for square shoulders.
2060. Hand planing tool for soft metals—lead, pewter, &c.
2061. Hand planing tool for wood, with the grain.
2062. Hand planing tool for wood, end grain.
2063. Paring gouge for wood.
2064. Hollowing gouge for wood.
2065. Cross grooving plane. Has two cutters, one to mark the cut on each side, the other to plane out the shaving.
2066. Tool for cutting circular holes in wrought-iron plates; guided chisel and hammer. The “Sundale” patent.
2067. Hollow cone paring tool for pointing pins, lead pencils, &c.
2068. Tool head for a drilling machine, with three or four hinged drill holders.
2069 and 2070. Adjustable boring bits.
2071 and 2072. Bottoming or rose drills.
2073 and 2074. Cylinder and fluted drills for enlarging and finishing holes.
2075. Compound cylinder drill, fluted, and provided with oil channel.
2076. Boring bar head.
2077. Tool holder for lathe, shaper, or planer tools.
(See also p. 66.)
2078. Klein’s atmospheric cooler. The hot water is sprayed against the upper surfaces of a number of vertical metal sheets, and trickles down into a trough. The natural circulation of air between the sheets, combined with a partial evaporation, cools the water to as low as 20° below normal temperature.
2079. Injector condenser, with hot well, foot valve, and air pump.
2080. Cooling fountain and trays for condenser water.
Cooling ponds of area proportionate to the quantity and temperature of the water, are used to cool condenser water where the supply is limited.
Fountain and spray jets are also used in conjunction with a pond for cooling condenser water.
Körting’s jet condenser. See No. 2212.
(See also p. 66.)
2080A. Centrifugal separator with air blast. The material is fed into the top cone on the revolving vertical shaft, and travels down against an air blast from below.
(See also p. 68.)
2081. Machine for slicing roots. The roller has cutters shaped to shred the roots to any gauge of fineness required, and a fixed rack or brush at A to clean the teeth.
2082. Mill for chopping or grinding, in which the two rollers are driven at different peripheral speeds.
(See also p. 68.)
2083. Sockets for various tools, &c. Sections: these are made either with parallel or taper holes. With parallel holes a set screw or key is used to secure the tool in the socket. See Sec. 37.
2084. Screw chuck for wood turning.
2085. Fork chuck for wood turning.
2086. Screwed cup chuck for wood turning.
2087. Cup chuck, with taper feathers, for wood.
2088. Adjustable tap wrench.
2089. Elevating tool box.
2090. Tool head for milling or surfacing.
2091. Three-jaw guide or chuck. The three sliding jaws are usually set up by screws.
2092. Two-jaw chuck. The jaws are travelled simultaneously opposite ways by a right and left-hand screw.
2093. Drill socket, with diagonal pin to grip the drill shank when screwed up.
2094. Instantaneous grip for vice, &c. The worm A is eccentric, and lifts or lowers the toothed abutment block B into or out of gear with the fixed rack by a single movement of the handle C. When out of gear A B C, with the shaft and front jaw, can be slid in or out freely to any size of opening required.
2095. Clip for a rod or cord.
2096. Split sleeve and nut to grip a rod or shaft.
2097. Screw cramp.
2098. Screw cramp. Another form.
2099. Capstan drill or cutter head, for lathe or boring machine. The head revolves diagonally, and may have sockets for several tools to follow each other in succession in operating on a piece of work.
2100. Adjustable tool box.
2101. Spanner, with adjustable jaw.
2102. Spring taper socket, with sliding ring.
2103. Toothed V grip for chucks, &c.
2104. Toothed V grip. Another form, with alternate vees.
2105. Simplest form of V grip for parallel cylindrical articles.
2106. Three-jaw face chuck. The jaws are made to act together or separately by a spiral plate, or by screws. See Nos. 158, 1384.
2107. Split tool holder (Barber’s patent), with taper thread and nut to grip a round (or other) section tool.
2108. Cap and socket for drills.
2109. Socket and set screw for drills.
2110. Split tool bar, with transverse cutter (see No. 2043), fitted with sunk screw, having a recessed head for a special spanner.
2111. Stepped jaw for lathe face chucks traversed by a screw. See No. 409.
2112. Spring grip for pencils, small drills, pins, &c.
2113. Bauer’s patent spanner, or pipe wrench. The hinge pin is of the form of No. 2126.
2114. Chuck for wheels, having three or more sliding dogs set up by a cone and hand wheel nut.
2115. Split end grip for a rod.
2116. Double vee grip for pipes, &c., which, having an equal movement to both jaws, remains always central. The large screw must be twice the pitch of the smaller central screw, and one is right hand, the other left hand.
2117. Hand screws, with V grip.
(See also p. 72.)
2118. Rubber pad or buffer.
2119. Cushion tyre for road wheels.
2120. Cushion tyre, pneumatic. The resistance in this tyre is increased by compression of the enclosed air by a portable pump.
Duplex pumps are cushioned at each end of the stroke by trapping part of the exhaust steam by the piston closing the port.
Air vessels are used to cushion the action of a pump, both on the delivery and suction.
2121. A spring piston is used for the same purpose.
Pads or cushions of rubber, felt, leather, &c., are used as buffers to cushion blows.
Shaw & Spiegle’s steam towing machine provides an elastic steam cushion which yields to prevent overstraining the cable, the engine then running backwards under the strain, but winds up again as the strain goes off, thus paying in and out to suit the motion of the vessel.
(See also p. 72.)
See Expanding reamers, Nos. 2149, 2151.
See Expanding cutters, Nos. 2069, 2070, 627.
See Expanding auger, Section 36.
(See also p. 74.)
2122. Differential piston indicator for steam engines.
2123. Harrison’s differential epicycloidal hoist gear. Pinion A is fast to the barrel and loose on the shaft, B is keyed to the shaft, C and D are cast together, and run on a stud in the large wheel E, which is loose on the shaft; A and B have different numbers of teeth.
2124. Differential screw bolt and sleeve movement.
2125. Differential screw valve fitting, with cone seat, tightened up by the T head and fine thread central screw; used for gas bottles.
2126. Chinese windlass. The origin of modern differential gear.
(See also p. 76.)
2127. Beam engine, compound; with diagonal cylinders for compactness.
2128. Steam cylinder, with diagonal flange joint for the valve chest—enables the valve face to be easily planed, and dispenses with a separate casting and joint for the box.
2129. Pumping or blowing engine, with side rod-crank motion.
2130. One crank and one eccentric engine, with cylinders at right angles. The same eccentric operates both slide valves.
2131. One crank engine, as last described.
2132. One crank three-cylinder engine.
2133. Sliding cylinder engine, with three-throw crank and three connecting rods. The distribution of steam is made by the reciprocating motion of the cylinder over ports in the bedplate.
2134. Compound high-speed enclosed engine.
2135. Compound engine, with T connecting rod and one crank, no dead centre.
Crank motions. See Section 21.
2136. Three-cylinder high-speed box engine, single acting.
2137. American type of walking beam paddle engines.
2138. Diagonal engine, with vertical air pump, worked by a bell-crank lever.
Vacuum engines. Two forms of this type of engine have been manufactured in which steam is employed at atmospheric pressure and condensed in a jet or surface condenser, the working pressure being therefore atmospheric and never exceeding 14 lbs. per square inch absolute. These engines and their boilers are free from risk of explosion, but require a good supply of condensing water.
(See also p. 82.)
2139. Crank motion to describe ovals (egg shaped, not true ellipses).
2140. Ellipsograph. The point A is fixed and the point B travelled along the line A B.
2141. String ellipsograph; A and B are fixed in the foci of the ellipse and the string joined so that the pencil C (with string wheel on it) will reach the end of minor axis D; the pencil will describe a true ellipse.
(See also p. 84.)
2142. Expanding gate. Formed of vertical, round, or simple bars, fitted with sliding ferrules having centre pins passing through diagonal bars, these centres being evenly spaced.
2143. Expanding mandrel; has three parallel feathers, expanded by a central bolt having two equal cones.
2144. Expanding socket, formed of spring wire.
2145. Expanding legs for telescope or camera tripod.
2146. Expanding tripod, formed to close up into a cylindrical group.
2147. Expanding table of three or more slides.
2148. Expanding tripod. The legs are hinged to a triangular prism, and form a cylindrical group when closed.
2149. Expanding reamer. The body is split up in three parts as far as the end of the bolt.
2150. Addy’s expanding collar consists of two rings with the adjacent faces spiral, so that by revolving them they separate to the extent of the pitch. The collar therefore expands longitudinally, not diametrically.
2151. Expanding split reamer or mandrel with taper screw.
2152. Expanding riddle or screen, to vary the spaces between the bars.
2153. Expanding collars or sleeves, screwed one upon another.
2154. Expanding collet, split in three or more parts.
2155. Expanding pipe grip or collar with bevel gear and right and left-hand screws to operate the three segments together.
2156. Expanding pipe stopper with rubber ring. See Section 29.
Bellows and rubber bags are used as expanding devices for gases, &c.
Rubber balloons are expanded by air blown in under pressure.
2157. Expanding pulley or wheel.
Expanding plug. See No. 2358.
2158. Expanding lever.
The mercury bulb tube is an expanding device actuated by temperature.
(See also Cushioning; Chucks, Section 28.)
(See also p. 86.)
2159. Crank arm or lever arm, secured to shaft by a clip boss and bolt.
2160. Ditto, secured by a screwed shank passed through the shaft and drawn up by a nut.
2161. Piston and rod fastening.
2162. Ditto, ditto.
2163. Thomas’ patent wedge bush for securing plain bored pulleys, &c., to shafts.
2164. Taper screwed bush fastening for a wheel, with frictional grip. The bush is split on one side only.
2165. Taper split bush fixing, with frictional grip. The bush is split into three parts.
2166. Set-screw fixing for a lever or arm.
2167. Split boss or collar, with two forms of sunk screws for fixing and tightening.
Split wheels and pulleys are now commonly used as the best means of fastening to shafts. See No. 1711.
2168. Cone sleeve (split) and nut fastening for a wheel or pulley.
2169. Serrated wedges.
(See also p. 88.)
2170. Carriage driving gear. The carriage wheel bears upward against the driving spindle which drives it by friction, or the latter is forced down into frictional gear with the carriage wheel by loading or by springs.
2171. Friction, spring clip, for giving tension to cotton thread passed between the convex discs.
Leather covered pinions geared with plain rimmed wheels or discs. These should always have the pinion as driver, otherwise the pinion is liable to wear in fits and become useless.
(See also p. 90.)
2172. Engine crosshead, formed of two slide blocks, cast with the gudgeon in one piece and two caps bolted together, enclosing the piston rod end and bolted to the slide blocks.
2173. Crosshead single-bar guide, with or without the lower attachment for pump rod.
2174. Sliding bed guided by two square grooved strips (one of which may be fixed) adjusted by diagonal set screws.
2175. Vee guides, with renewable strip.
2176. Ditto, ditto, with set screw adjustment.
2177. Ditto, ditto, with bevelled adjusting strip and set screws.
2178. Ditto, ditto, with loose V strip set up by screws on top.
2179. Guide block for engine crosshead formed of a bronze shell filled with white metal or antifriction metal.
2180. Curved segment guide for a link movement to turn an angle.
2181. Crosshead guide, with two slide bars, American type.
2182. V guide bar and guide.
2183. Double V guide for crosshead.
2184. Crosshead guides of square section.