(See also p. 124.)
2327. Parallel motion for an indicator pencil.
2328. Parallel motion beam engine, with rocking link beam centres.
2329. Parallel moving swinging bracket for gas, &c.
2330. Parallel motion.
2331. Parallel moving slides, hammers, or other devices.
(See also p. 124.)
2332. Quadruple-acting pump with two pistons, one attached to a rod the other to a sleeve worked by lever A and links B B.
2333. Variable delivery single-acting pumps; the eccentrics can be shifted round the shaft 180° by a sleeve and pin motion similar to No. 2467. When the eccentrics are opposite each other the pump does not deliver any water, but when the eccentrics are side by side the pump delivers the full contents of both rams. There is one suction and one delivery valve.
2334. Screw pump for applying heavy pressure to a ram; sometimes used as an adjunct to give the final heavy pressure to an hydraulic press after the pumps have forced the ram as far as their power permits.
2335. Duplex-action pump, in which both piston and cylinder move in opposite directions, but the gear may be applied to two pistons in one pump (fixed), as No. 2332.
2336. French pump, with bucket pistons, maintains a direct flow without reversing or check.
2337. Oke’s patent sewage pump, simple and accessible, three valves.
Slide valves or piston valves are occasionally used to distribute the water in pumps, but must have no lap or lead, and be accurately adjusted.
Air vessels are used on the delivery side of a pump to cushion the discharge of water and prevent concussion, water being incompressible. They are also sometimes useful on the suction side, where the lift is considerable. A piston and spring may be employed instead of an air vessel. See No. 2121.
Pumps required to run constantly, but deliver water intermittently only, are worked (a) by an air valve on the suction side which, when open, stops the water suction; (b) by a pass valve between suction and delivery which, when open, passes the delivery into the suction again; and (c) by a waste valve on the delivery.
(See also p. 128.)
2338. Boiler tube, internally ribbed. Serve’s patent.
2339. Boiler tube flue, corrugated, to add to its strength and heating surface. Fox’s patent.
2340. Pipe joint, with toggle clips.
2341. Pipe flange, with caulking groove.
Flexible tubes, metallic, are now manufactured by the Flexible Metallic Tubing Co. in most metals, including steel, and in various strengths and with various degrees of flexibility, from that of plain rubber to such stiffness as requires a little force to bend it. These tubes are perfectly air-tight, and will stand great pressures.
Wire rope transmission; Telpher gear. See Section 66.
(See also p. 132.)
2342. Piston ring joint lapped and scarfed.
2343. Intermediate stuffing-box and sleeve for high and low pressure cylinders.
2344. Dished steel piston.
2345. Bucket piston, with valve and bridle and leather packing.
2346. Stuffing-box, with screwed cap gland.
2347. Piston leather for cold water.
2348 to 2352. Piston ring joints.
2353. Double cone joint for a swivelling fitting for steam or water. The joints are ground in like a mushroom valve.
2354. Pipe connection, with rubber disc joint, for moderate pressures.
Swivel pipe joint. See No. 2303.
2355. Collar packing for a valve spindle, where the pressure tends to compress the packing.
2356. Piston with two L section rings, expanded both vertically and radially by a spiral spring. This makes a tight joint with the cylinder and also with the junk ring.
2357. Adjustable piston or piston valve. F. H. Richards’ patent, U.S.A.
2358. Rubber expanding plug.
2359. Gas engine piston, with three rings and junk rings between them.
2360 & 2361. Valve spindle joints without packing or stuffing-boxes, kept tight by cone seatings and set screws.
2362. Piston (spring) ring joint, with glut.
(See also p. 134.)
2363. Steam and air jet applied to propel a vessel.
(See also p. 136.)
2364. Compound weight motor, with limited fall. Several weights may be used as shown, slightly decreasing in weight towards the motor. When weight D has run down, C will begin to fall, and go on till all the weights have run down.
2365. Hot-air motor. A current of hot air passing up the flue revolves the turbine.
Naphtha engines are gas engines employing the vapour of naphtha and air as an explosive mixture, instead of that of petroleum (oil engine) or carburetted hydrogen gas (gas engine).
(See also p. 140.)
2366. Friction grip pawl, as applied to a wheel, may be used also for a rod.
2367. Ratchet brace, or feed lever, in which the pawl is a fixed tooth, and the lever is slotted to allow the pawl to clear the teeth on the back stroke.
2368. Ratchet brace, with slotted pawl.
2369. Ratchet brace, with friction grip pawl.
2370. Ratchet brace, without pawl. The handle is hinged to the socket arm, and has a tooth gearing with the ratchet, and thrown in and out by the movement of the handle.
2371. Double-acting pawls and lever.
2372. Internal hooked pawl.
2373. Internal strut-action pawl.
2374. Gravity pawl and crown ratchet.
2375. Ratchet rack, crank and connecting rod, intermittent movement,—a detent may be added to return the rack.
2376. Internal spring pawls for a ratchet brace.
2377. Rocking escapement.
2378. Rocking escapement.
2379 to 2384. Forms of locked intermittent movements.
2385 & 2386. Intermittent rotary movements on spindles at right angles.
(See also p. 144.)
2387. Lever press for hay, straw, &c., with rack and pawl at each side operated by two hand levers.
2388. Continuous press for coal dust, &c. The ram has a reciprocating motion, and the material is forced into a tapered chamber, the resulting friction in which gives sufficient resistance to press the material to the density required.
(See also p. 146.)
2389. End attachment for rope by a staple bolt and plate.
2390. Double vee pulley rim for two ropes.
2391. Wire or hemp rope attachment, with two bolt clips.
2392. Similar attachment, with a thimble and one bolt clip and a seizing or yarn.
2393. Double-bolt clip for wire ropes.
2394. Taper socket end attachment for wire ropes. The end wires are cut to different lengths, and all bent back at one point. This stranded end of the rope is then forced into the taper socket, and the spaces filled with melted lead or pewter.
2395. The same method applied to a flat taper socket.
(See also p. 148.)
2396. Richmond’s patent balance hydraulic lift. A is the lift cylinder, connected openly to the balance cylinder B, which is weighted to nearly balance ram A and cage. Pressure water is applied to ram C to raise the load in cage.
2397. Waygood’s patent hydraulic balance lift. A is the lift cylinder communicating with the interior of cylinder and ram B which are fixed; cylinder C and ram D are loaded to nearly balance the cage and ram A, and the load is raised by admitting pressure water to cylinder C.
2398. Lever and rack lifting motion. The rack may be held up at each lift by a pawl.
2399. Rack and lever suspended hoist. A pawl or brake may be added to sustain the load.
2400. Spanish windlass.
2401. Double hoisting barrels, geared together; the rope passes round both barrels.
The “Otis” low pressure elevator (hydraulic) is worked from an overhead air accumulator at 80 lbs. pressure, the hydrostatic head being 40 lbs. There is one descending main pipe connected to a small tank or close vessel, into which the pumps deliver, and from which the lift pressure water is taken.
(See also p. 152.)
2402. Roller bearings for centrifugal milk separators, &c. The pan is carried on three large rollers running against an inverted cone, as shown.
2403. Ball bearing for vertical shaft. By Sir Gabriel Stokes.
2404 & 2405. Forms of grooves for ball bearings, running horizontally, showing points of bearing in grooves.
2406. Roller bearing for a vertical shaft, with steel balls between the ends of the cone rollers to separate them and reduce their friction.
2407. Roller bearing for a door, or other article having a limited travel. The roller runs on the floor, or a rail, and its spindle rolls along the slot, the length of which is proportioned to the travel of the door.
2408. Double cone rollers for a table having a horizontal circular motion.
2409. Roller bearing for wagon axle, with balls between the roller ends to separate them and prevent internal friction.
Anti-friction screws. See Nos. 2413, 2414.
Anti-friction worm gear. See No. 2451.
2410. Vertical ball bearing, with bearing surfaces adjusted to receive the direct thrust of the balls.
2411. Suspended ball bearing.
2412. Ball or roller axle bearing.
2413. White’s anti-friction ball bearing screw and nut. A.D. 1822. Square thread screw, the balls travel round the screw thread, and by a pass-groove back to the other end again.
2414. Lieb’s anti-friction screw and nut, similar to the last, but with a concave grooved screw. A.D. 1890.
(See also p. 152.)
2415. Rope grip pulley. Dearden’s patent.
(See also p. 156.)
2416. Centre rail, with friction grip for moderate inclines.
Rack railways for steep inclines of an angle, in some cases of 40°, are made with central rack rails (in addition to the ordinary rails), and the engines have steel gearing, which gears into the teeth cut in the rack rail.
(See also p. 158.)
2417. Reversing motion on the same shaft by one belt and two pulleys; A is fast to the shaft and B fast to the bevel wheel C, D runs on a fixed stud.
2418. Friction cone reversing motion on shafts at right angles.
(See also p. 160.)
2419. Rotary double-piston motor, pump, or meter will work in either direction.
2420. Rotary motor, with hinged steam abutment.
(See also p. 164.)
2421. Iron centre for a wood shaft secured by an end plate, four bolts with recessed nuts, and a wrought-iron band.
2422. Iron centre for a wood shaft, driven in a central bored hole, and secured by a cross cotter and two wrought-iron bands.
2423. Iron centre for a wood shaft. The pin is driven into an iron cross, which is also driven into the end of the shaft in transverse cuts made to receive it, and secured by two wrought-iron bands.
(See also p. 164.)
2424. Lathe fast headstock spindle, showing coned journals and adjustments.
2425. Attachment of a loose end centre to a shaft, with coned end, which prevents the hole bursting from cross strain on the centre.
2426. Hook centre pin, easily disengaged.
2427. Stud centre, with washer riveted on or secured by a nut.
2428. Ram or trunk piston centre for connecting rod, fastened by an internal nut.
2429. Ram or trunk piston centre, screwed into the piston.
2430. Ram or trunk piston centre, with a transverse pin passed right through the piston.
2431. Swaying ball centre.
2432. Rocking or swaying centre.
2433. Rocking or swaying centre.
2434. Eyelet centre for two or more levers.
2435. Centre pin, with lug and screw, to prevent it from working out.
2436, 2437 & 2438. Methods of fitting up connecting rod centres in trunk pistons or rams.
(See also p. 168.)
2439. Ball head bolt and nut to allow it to draw up out of line.
2440. Universal bolt head.
2441. Ball joint bolt and nut.
2442. Flush head coned bolt.
2443. Mutilated screw and nut.
2444. Nut lock, by a fixed lug and split pin.
2445. Coned bolt for securing and keying two parts of a machine in exact relation.
2446. Double-nutted bolt, easily made of round iron.
2447. Lever and compound nuts to obtain great leverage on a screw, as in a press; one nut arm is used as a fulcrum by which the lever forces the other round. Stepped pawls are used to prevent the first nut being loosened while moving the second.
2448. Screw gear to operate three worm wheels in the same direction, for chucks, &c.
2449. Screwed stay bolt, as a distance stay for boiler plates, &c.
2450. Screw eye and handle nut.
2451. Anti-friction worm gear. The worm wheel has friction rollers running on pins, which gear with the worm.
2452. Staple bolt and washer plate.
2453. Fang plate washer for wood.
2454. Fang plate washer for wood.
2455. Sunk set screw, with differential threads, to draw two plates or pieces together.
2456. Taper screw, quickly released.
2457. Mutilated screw to slide into a nut having corresponding sections of the thread cut away, and to fix by a partial turn. Used for breech-pieces of cannon.
2458. Bolt head, with transverse holes, for a plain “tommy” bar wrench.
2459. Backlash nut for a square thread screw.
2460. Cap nut.
Screw stopper. See No. 2544.
2461. Slotted nut and set pin for fine adjustment, or for taking up wear.
Lock nuts; usually two nuts are employed, the thickest one outermost. There are many forms of patent nuts designed to prevent loosening by vibration.
Nuts can be cast around a screw in white metal or brass.
(See also p. 172.)
2462. Cut-off gear. Two cut-off valves similar to No. 1456, regulated by an external hand wheel forming the valve spindle guide bush.
2463. Duplex motion for a valve, to operate it by either rod, using the other as a fulcrum.