N.B.—Illustrations are denoted by numbers followed by the name of the photographer, draughtsman, or source from which the picture is derived.

A

• Acton Burnell (Salop), castle, 298, 317, 338
• Adrianople, siege of, 73
• Æthelflaed, lady of the Mercians, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 41, 101
• Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, 28
• Agde (Hérault), cathedral, 315
• Aigues-Mortes (Gard), 77, A. Thompson; 242, 246, 250, 289
• Aire river, 85
• Aisne department, fortified churches in, 315
• Alan of Brittany, earl of Richmond, 47, 94, 101, 104, 107
• Albi (Tarn), fortified cathedral, 315
• Alençon (Orne), castle, 289, A. Thompson
• Alençonnais, the, 52
• Alesia [Alise (Côte-d’Or)], siege of, 46, 59, 60, 61, 79
• Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, 97, 99, 189
• Alfred the Great, king, 26, 28, 64
• Alne river, 86
• Alnwick (Northumberland), castle, 115, G. T. Clark; 243, J. P. Gibson; 310, A. Thompson; 7, 42, 43, 86, 115, 116, 210, 235, 245, 247, 265, 309, 310, 327, 328
• Amaury, count of Evreux, 165
• Amberley (Sussex), castle, 360
• Amboglanna (Cumberland), 15
• Amboise (Indre-et-Loire), castle, 338
• Amiens (Somme), 22
• Ancaster (Lincoln), 355
• Anderida (Sussex), 12, 22;
• see Pevensey
• Andover (Hants), 22
• Angers (Maine-et-Loire), 27, 88, 118
• Angevins, war of William I. with, 52
• Anglesey, isle of, 278
• Angus, earl of, see Umfraville
• Anjou, count of, see Fulk
• Anker river, 101
• Antioch (Syria), siege of, 71, 164, 241
• Antwerp, 290
• Ardennes department, fortified churches in, 315
• Ardres (Pas-de-Calais), castle, 54, 55
• Arles (Bouches-du-Rhône), 315
• Arnold, son of Robert, 52
• Arras (Pas-de-Calais), 290
• Arundel (Sussex), castle, 37, 115, 190, 360
• Ashbourne (Derby), 318
• Astures, Roman auxiliaries, 19
• Auckland (Durham), castle, 197, 198, 200, 338
• Autun (Sâone-et-Loire), 15
• Avignon (Vaucluse), palace of the popes, 304;
• walls, 246, 250, 295
• Avon river (Bristol), 2, 88;
• (Warwick), 29
• Axholme, isle of, 56
• Aydon (Northumberland), castle or fortified house, 189, 190, 312, 338

B

• Badbury (Dorset), 25
• Bakewell (Derby), 29
• Bamburgh (Northumberland), castle, 91, J. P. Gibson, W. Maitland; 25, 62, 66, 86, 90, 120, 132, 133, 134, 137, 150, 155, 202, 230, 233
• Bardolf, Robert, 335
• Barking (Middlesex), 38
• Barlborough (Derby), hall, 318
• Barnard Castle (Durham), castle, 87, G. T. Clark; 85, 86, 163, 185
• Baroche, la (Orne), 52
• Barwick-in-Elmet (Yorks, W.R.), castle, 56
• Basing house (Hants), 360
• Bath (Somerset), 24, 25
• Bath and Wells, bishop of, see Burnell
• Battle (Sussex), gatehouse of abbey, 304
• Battlesbury (Wilts), 25
• Bayeux (Calvados), castle, 45
• —— bishop of, see Odo
• Beauchamp, house of, 109
• —— Thomas, earl of Warwick (d. 1369), 321
• —— Thomas, earl of Warwick (d. 1401), 321
• Beaugency (Loiret), castle, 116, A. Thompson; 117, 118, 120
• Beaumaris (Anglesey), castle, 277, G. T. Clark; 236, 278, A. Thompson; 7, 211, 225, 236, 251, 261, 265, 266, 268, 275, 276-9, 280, 282, 284
• Beauvais (Oise), 22, 27
• Bebbanburh, 25;
• see Bamburgh
• Bedale (Yorks, N. R.), church tower, 316
• Bedburn river, 8
• Bedford, 29, 30, 32;
• castle, 30, 32;
• John, duke of, 330
• Bek, Antony, bishop of Durham, 188, 189, 198, 200, 202, 309
• Bellême, house of, 51;
• Robert of, 55, 67, 85
• Belsay (Northumberland), castle, 313, J. P. Gibson; 236, 312
• Belvoir (Leicester), castle, 85, 360
• Berkeley (Gloucester), castle, 142, 186, A. Thompson; 42, 43, 142, 186, 193, 194, 209, 210
• Berkhampstead (Herts), castle, 42, A. Thompson; 42, 119, 263
• Berry, John, duke of, 338
• Berry Pomeroy (Devon), castle, 229, 358
• Berwick-on-Tweed, town walls, 290, 291
• Beverley (Yorks, E. R.), 295
• Béziers (Hérault), cathedral, 315
• Bignor (Sussex), Roman villa, 12
• Birdoswald (Cumberland), 15
• Bishop Auckland (Durham), 8;
• and see Auckland
• Bishops Cannings (Wilts), manor-house, 301
• Bishop’s Castle (Salop), 2
• Bishop’s Woodford (Wilts), manor-house, 301
• Black mountains, 184
• Blackbury castle (Devon), 7, A. H. Allcroft; 6
• Blackfriars, see London
• Blackwater river, 22, 29
• Blois (Loir-et-Cher), castle, 337
• Blyth (Notts) castle, 85;
• and see Tickhill;
• priory, 85
• Bodiam (Sussex), castle, 323, E. A. and G. R. Reeve; 326, A. Thompson; 210, 322, 325, 326, 327, 330, 335, 360
• Bokerley dyke, 24, 25
• Bolton-in-Wensleydale (Yorks, N. R.), castle, 316, 317, 318, 330, 362, 367
• Bolton-on-Swale (Yorks, N. R.), church tower, 316
• Boothby Pagnell (Lincoln), manor-house, 190, 192
• Borcovicus (Northumberland), 14, A. Thompson; 15, 18, A. Thompson (after Bruce); 15, 17, 18, 19
• Bosham (Sussex), 36, A. Thompson (after Bayeux tapestry); 190
• Boston (Lincoln), Hussey tower at, 355
• Bothal (Northumberland), castle, 245, 327
• Bourbourg, Louis de, 54
• Bourges (Cher), 22
• Boves (Somme), siege of, 70, 76
• Bowes (Yorks, N. R.), tower, 131, 132, 133, 142, 145, 312
• Bowness (Cumberland), 10
• Bracieux, Pierre de, 73
• Bradwell-juxta-Mare (Essex), 22
• Brancaster (Norfolk), 12
• Brancepeth (Durham), castle, 86
• Brandenburg (Prussia), 26
• Branodunum (Norfolk), 12
• Brecon beacons, 274
• —— castle, 44, 56, 87, 362, 365, 367
• Breteuil, William of, 55
• Bréval (Seine-et-Oise), 55, 67
• Bridgnorth (Salop), 29;
• castle, 108, 109, 119, 133
• Bridlington (Yorks, E. R.), gatehouse of priory, 301
• Brionne (Eure), castle, 56
• Bristol, castle, 88;
• walls and gateways, 292, 295, 296
• —— channel, 24, 308
• Brittany, mount-and-bailey castles in, 45;
• Alan of, see Alan
• Brixworth (Northants), church, 100
• Bronllys (Brecknock), castle, 183, 184
• Bruce, house of, 85
• Brunanburh, battle of, 63
• Brutus, Marcus, 62
• Buckingham, 29, 30, 32
• —— castle, 30, 32
• —— duke of, see Stafford
• Builth (Brecknock), castle, 50, G. T. Clark; 50, 51
• Burgh Castle (Suffolk), 12, 16, 22
• Burghersh, Henry, bishop of Lincoln, 301
• Burghwallis (Yorks, W. R.), 100
• Burgundy, 59, 64, 198
• Burnell, Robert, bishop of Bath and Wells, 298, 317
• Bury ditches (Salop), 6, A. Thompson; 2, 6
• Bury St Edmunds (Suffolk), 25;
• Moyses hall, 190
• Busli, Roger de, 85

C

• Cadbury (Somerset), 25
• Caen (Calvados), 118;
• abbey churches, 93
• Caer Caradoc (near Clun, Salop), 6
• Caerlaverock (Dumfries), castle, 364, J. P. Gibson; 304, 307
• Caerphilly (Glamorgan), castle, 270, 271, 272, A. Thompson; 7, 160, 189, 205, 236, 264, 265, 270-2, 274-5, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282, 284, 287, 309, 334, 352
• Cahors (Lot), walled town, 65;
• Pont Valentré, 297, 355
• Calder river, 85
• Caldicot (Monmouth), castle, 182, 184
• Calleva Atrebatum (Hants), 14;
• and see Silchester
• Cambridge, castle, 39, 40, 41
• —— colleges, 193
• Camulodunum (Essex), 12;
• and see Colchester
• Canterbury (Kent), 28, 198;
• archbishops of, see Robert of Jumièges, Sudbury
• —— castle, 46, 120, 128
• —— west gate, 296, 304
• Carcassonne (Aude), town and castle, 78, 239, 242, A. Thompson; 264, 283, Viollet-le-Duc; 79, 82, 236, 242, 246, 250, 264, 284, 286, 289
• Cardiff (Glamorgan), 274; castle, 114, A. Thompson; 191, G. T. Clark; 115, 190, 193, 194, 209
• Carew (Pembroke), castle, 248, 336, A. Thompson; 202, 239, 240, 247, 252, 269, 304, 330, 333, 337, 362
• Carisbrooke (Isle of Wight), castle, 111, R. Keene; 115
• Carlisle (Cumberland), castle, 87, 88, 120, 361, 362, 367
• —— cathedral priory, 312
• Carnarvon, castle, 245, 253, G. T. Clark; 258, A. Thompson; 259, F. Bond; 88, 189, 209, 224, 242, 245, 246, 248, 252, 255, 257, 261, 262, 265, 266, 269, 270, 279, 282, 284, 291
• —— town walls, 251, A. Thompson; 88, 251, 291, 292, 295, 296
• Carrickfergus (Antrim), castle, 194
• Castles camp (Durham), 8
• Castleton (Yorks, N. R.), castle, 85
• Castrum Harundel (Sussex), 37;
• and see Arundel
• Caus castle (Salop), 362
• Cawood (Yorks, W. R.), castle, 85, 338
• Ceawlin, king of West Saxons, 25
• Cedd, St, 22
• Cérisy-la-Forêt (Calvados), abbey church, 100
• Chaise-Dieu, la (Haute-Loire), abbey church, 315
• Champlitte, Guillaume de, 73
• Chardstock (Devon), manor-house, 301
• Charles the Bald, king of Neustria, 27, 29, 32
• —— the Fat, king of Neustria, 27, 64
• —— the Simple, king of Neustria, 28
• —— V., emperor, 290
• —— Martel, 65
• Chartres (Eure-et-Loir), 22
• —— count of, see Theobald
• Château-Gaillard (Eure), 163, A. Thompson, after Enlart; 175, A. Thompson; 66, 68, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 163, 172, 175, 176, 215, 216, 229, 257, 264
• Château-sur-Epte (Eure), 165
• Chauny (Aisne), 295
• Chedworth (Gloucester), Roman villa, 12
• Chepstow (Monmouth), 182;
• castle, 103, 249, 268, A. Thompson; 104, A. Thompson (after Official Guide); 56, 88, 104, 107, 175, 185, 189, 223, 249, 250, 268, 269, 280, 282, 359
• —— town and walls, 88, 251, 295
• Chester, castle, 39
• —— city and walls, 14, 22, 23, 24, 119
• Chesters (Northumberland), 15;
• and see Cilurnum
• Chichester (Sussex), 14, 22, 23, 198;
• bishop of, see Rede
• Chilham (Kent), castle, 120
• Chillingham (Northumberland), castle, 318
• China, great wall of, 79
• Chipchase (Northumberland), castle, 156, 236, 312
• Christchurch (Hants), castle, 123, P. M. Johnston; 128, 189, 192, 193
• —— priory church, 93, 94
• Cilurnum (Northumberland), 13, A. Thompson (after Bruce); 15, 17, 18, 19
• Cirencester (Gloucester), 25
• Cissbury (Sussex), 2, 25
• Clare (Suffolk), castle, 188
• —— Gilbert de, earl of Gloucester and Hertford, 270
• Clark, G. T., 30
• Clavering (Essex), castle, 37
• Clement VI., pope, 250
• Cleveland (Yorks, N. R.), 85
• Clifford’s hill (Northampton), 84
• Clifton (Bristol), promontory forts, 2, 8
• Clinton, family of, 365
• Clipsham (Rutland), 197
• Clun (Salop), 2, 6
• —— castle, 43, 127, A. Thompson; 43, 50, 119, 128, 129, 131, 145
• Clwyd river, 275
• Cnut, king, 33, 34
• Colchester (Essex), 12, 19, 26, 29, 65;
• castle, 47, 101, A. Thompson; 47, 83, 100, 124, 125, 127, 128, 133, 134, 137, 146, 150, 154, 188, 317
• Cole, John, 274, 275
• Colne river (Essex), 29
• Compton castle (Devon), 358
• Compton Wyniates (Warwick), manor-house, 193, 210, 308, 359
• Conisbrough (Yorks, W. R.), castle, 166, 167, 168, A. Thompson; 217, G. Hepworth; 42, 85, 86, 149, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 188, 212, 216, 342
• Constantinople, siege of, 73, 77, 78, 81, 164, 262, 263
• Conway (Carnarvon), 317;
• castle, 234, 256, G. T. Clark; 261, 262, 263, A. Thompson; 7, 88, 177, 205, 209, 210, 229, 233, 236, 242, 252, 255, 257, 258, 261, 262, 265, 268, 270, 275, 276, 279, 280, 282, 291, 322, 334, 352
• —— town walls, 88, 177, 240, 250, 251, 291, 295, 296
• Coquet river, 86, 219, 298
• Corbridge-on-Tyne (Northumberland), 18;
• see Corstopitum
• —— pele-tower, 156, 312
• Corfe (Dorset), castle, 102, 131, 132, 155
• Corstopitum (Northumberland), 18, 22
• Cosin, John, bishop of Durham, 198, 200
• Coucy (Aisne), castle, 81, 177, A. Thompson; 80, 81, 82, 171, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 182, 189, 216, 225, 241, 242, 248, 264, 269, 284, 285, 322, 338
• —— town walls, 240, 250, 295, 297
• —— Enguerrand III., seigneur de, 176
• —— VII., 338
• Courcy-sur-Dives (Calvados), 67
• Coutances (Manche), 23
• Coventry and Lichfield, bishop of, see Langton
• Cowdray castle (Sussex), 360
• Cradyfargus tower at Warkworth, 194, 219, 247
• Cranborne (Dorset), 25
• Cromwell, Ralph, Lord, 345, 347, 352
• Cynewulf, king, 36