Adams (Clement), his account of the first attempt to discover a north-east passage to China, lxiv
Admiralty Island, cxxxviii, 13, 90, 218
Afgoden Hoeck, see Idol Cape
Alert, one of the ships of the English expedition of 1875, i
Alferius (or Oliver), opinions as to his identity with Oliver Brunel, vii, viii, xlii, l;
the bearer of a letter from John Balak to Gerard Mercator, xci;
a captive in Russia sent by Yacovius and Unekius to Antwerp, ib.;
had visited the river Ob, ib.;
his proposal for a voyage of discovery to the north-east, xciii
Alpha, schooner, commanded by F. Torkildsen, xliii
Ameckers, Russian merchants, release Brunel, who enters their service, viii, x;
their identity with the brothers Anikiew, viii
Amsterdam (the city of), sends out an expedition to the North Pole in 1611, xxxiv;
on the first expedition sends Barents round by the north of Novaya Zemlya, cv;
on the second expedition sends two ships in company with the others through the Strait
of Nassau, cxii;
alone equips two ships for the third expedition, 70
Amsterdam Island, xxvii
Andriesz. (Claes), one of the third expedition, dies, 198
Anikiew (Jakov) and (Grigory), obtain the release of Olivier Brunel, x;
he becomes their commercial agent, xi
Anikyi, see Unekius
Archangel, first settlement there, xii;
the English go thither from Rose Island, xii;
first called Novo Kholmogorui, lxx
Archiv für Wissenschäftliche Kunde von Russland contains accounts of Russian expeditions since 1690, xxxvii
Ardoh river, falls into the lake of Kittay, xl
Arensburg, xiii
Arthus (Gotard), adopts a work of Hessell Gerard without recognition, lxxxviii
Asher, reference in his work “Hudson the Navigator” to Barents’s chart, xxvi
Baer (Professor von), his opinions respecting the geography of Novaya Zemlya, cxxxiv, cxxxvi, cxxxvii, cxxxix;
critical history of the walrus, 25
Balak (John), his letter to Gerard Mercator, xcii, 261
Balboa (Vasco Nunez de) discovers the Pacific Ocean, 2
Barents or Barentszoon (William), the track of his third voyage incorrectly laid down
by Dr. Beke, xvii;
extract from his log preserved in Gerard’s “Histoire du Pays nommé Spitzbergen”, xvii, et seq.;
the log not written by Barents according to Dr. Beke, xxii;
refutation of that opinion, xxii, et seq.;
direction of his true track, xxv, xxvi;
the question treated of by Mr. P. A. Tiele, xxv;
the track in the chart of J. Hondius’ “Tabula Geographica”, a drawing after Barents
himself, xxvi;
his winter house discovered in 1871, ii, xlvi;
relics found there, xlvi, xlvii, l;
description of them in detail, lii–lxii;
their discovery made known in Holland in February 1872, li;
they become the possession of Mr. Lister Kay, ib.;
by him transferred to the Netherlands Government, ib.;
finally deposited in the Naval Department at the Hague, lii;
his journal found in 1875, v, lxii;
a Dutch translation of that of Pet and Jackman, ib.;
commander of the Mercury of Amsterdam on the first voyage, civ, 6;
his biography, cv;
wrote the account of the first voyage, cvi;
his character, ib.;
various ways of spelling his [276]name, ib.;
sailed from Texel, cvii, 6;
separates from Nai and Tetgales, ib.;
account of his voyage, cviii; difficulties and return, cix;
accuracy of his observations, cx, cxl;
his great discoveries, xcix;
meets again with the other vessels, cx, 36;
returns to Holland, cx, 39;
difference between his report and that of Linschoten, cx;
had gone further than Nai and Tetgales, cxi;
on the second voyage is pilot-major of the fleet, aboard the Greyhound, cxiii;
goes on shore, cxvi, 57;
his dispute with the admiral, cxvi, 60;
resolves on proceeding, cxvii;
proposes to winter there, cxviii;
observes the tides in the Kara Sea, cxix;
his note thereon, 273;
again attempts to proceed, cxix;
signs protest with the other commanders, ib.;
his scruples, cxxi;
arrives in the Maas, cxxii;
on the third voyage accompanies Heemskerck as chief pilot, cxxvii;
reasons why he did not command, ib.;
his relation to Heemskerck and the crew, cxxviii;
differs with J. C. Rijp as to their course, xxviii, xxix, cxxix, 72, 75;
further disputes and separation, cxxxi, 85;
journal of third voyage wrongly attributed to him, cxxxii;
reaches Novaya Zemlya, cxxxiii;
speaks with Heemskerck about returning home in the boats, cxliii, 177;
writes a letter to be left at Novaya Zemlya, 189;
his last words, 195, 198;
dies, 198;
his belief in the practicability of a north-east passage to China, clix, 6
Barents’s Land, the north-eastern portion of Novaya Zemlya proposed to be so called, cxl
Barents’s Sea, the sea between Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya proposed to be so named, cxli
Barnacles, see Brent-geese
Barrow (Sir John), his observations on Olivier Brunel and on Kostin Shar, ci;
references to his “Chronological History”, lxxx, 5, 32, 33, 79, 149
Bassendine (James), his commission from the Russia Company, lxxi
Bast, boat sewed together with, 55
Baxo (Cape), 12
Bears, combats with, 15, 26, 62, 75, 78, 90, 95, 106, 113, 118, 154, 169, 181, 188, 207, 213, 216;
two men killed by a bear, cxviii, 62;
the crew made ill by eating a bear’s liver, 183
Bear Island, xviii, xxi, xxvi;
its discovery by the Dutch, cxxix;
why so named, ib.;
its situation, 76, 85
Beechey (Captain), references to his “Voyage towards the North Pole”, lxxiv, lxxxi, clxxii
Beeldthoeck, see Image Cape
Beer, see Sprucebeer
Beerenfort, or Bear Creek, 15
Behouden-huis, or House of Safety, see House
Beke (Charles J.), editor of the first edition of this work in 1853, ii;
facts discovered since then, ib.;
his opinion as to the identity of Olivier Brunel with Alferius, vii;
his track of Barents’s third voyage incorrect, xvii;
his opinion as to the authenticity of Barents’s log, quoted by Gerard refuted by Mr.
Muller, xxii
Bell Sound, xxviii
Bennel, name erroneously given to Brunel by J. R. Forster, c
Bennet (Stephen), his voyage to Bear Island in 1603, 76
Bering’s Strait, cix
Bibliography of De Veer’s work, clvi–clxxii
Bibliography of Linschoten’s voyages, cxxii–cxxvi
Bilberries, 249
Bird Cape, xxi, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, cxxxi
Blackberries, 249
Black Island, 30
Black Point, see Cape Negro
Boat lost in a storm, 17
Boats parted from each other, 236;
meet again, 244
Bodan, Anthony Marsh’s man, imprisoned and whipped by the Russians, lxxxv
Bolvánovsky Nos, lxx
Bona Confidencia, and Bona Esperanza, two vessels of Sir Hugh Willoughby’s expedition, lxv
Bosman (Cornelis Fennisz.), commander of the ship De Kat in the expedition of 1624,
xxxvi;
succeeds in penetrating Pet’s Strait, ib.;
driven back thither, ib.;
returns to Holland, xxxvii
Bow Bell (Clerk of the), verses on him preserved by Stow, cxlix
Brandt Ysbrantsz., see Tetgales
Brant’s Bay, 65
Brent-geese and their eggs, found at Spitzbergen, 79;
their fabulous breed, ib.
Britwin Cape, cxxxvi
Browne (Oliver), see Brunel [277]
Browne (Richard), his commission from the Russia Company, lxxi
Brownell, Oliver Brunel so called by Hudson, xcviii
Brunel (Oliver), reaches the Obi by land, vi;
sent by the Dutch to Kholmogory, vii;
the founder of their White Sea trade, ib.;
their first arctic navigator, ib.;
his identity with Alferius maintained, viii, ix;
his history by Mr. S. Muller, ix, et seq.;
birth and early career, ix;
goes to Kholmogory, ix;
imprisoned by the Russian Government but subsequently released, x;
acts as agent to Russian merchants in expeditions to the East, ib.;
is taken by a Russian guide to Kostin Shar, ib.;
opens up Russian trade with the Dutch, and establishes the commerce of the Netherlands
with the White Sea, xi;
sent to Holland to commission men for a Russian expedition to the North-East, xiii;
his interview with J. Balak, ib.;
who gives him a letter to G. Mercator, xiii, xcii;
abandons his Russian connection and undertakes a voyage to the North-East in 1584,
xiv;
unable to pass Pet Strait, ib.;
result of the voyage, ib.;
enters the Danish service, xv;
makes three fruitless attempts to discover the lost Greenland colonies, xv;
uncertainty as to his subsequent career, xv,
and death, xvi;
Knight’s journal, quoted by Purchas, partly written by him, xv;
reasons for supposing he entered the English service, xv;
his voyage to Novaya Zemlya and discovery of Kostin Shar, xcv;
supposed to be the same as Alferius, ib.;
his voyage one of the causes of the Dutch expeditions, xcviii, cii;
land-locked near Mezhdusharsky Ostrov and rescued by a Russian, xcvi;
shipwrecked and lost at the mouth of the Pechora, xcvii, xcix;
not an Englishman, but a native of Brussels, xcviii
Bry (de), his translation of Gerard’s tract on Spitzbergen, cxxxi
Buchelius, papers of, in the Archives of Utrecht, xiv
Bunel (Oliver), see Brunel
Burrough (Stephen), his voyage in the Searchthrift, lxviii;
and return, lxx;
discovers Burrough’s Strait, lxxi
Burrough’s Strait, the Karskoi Vorota or Kara Strait so called, xxxviii, xlii–xliv, lxxi, lxxxvii
Buysen (Ian van), one of the third expedition who returns to Holland, 257
Cabot (Sebastian) concerned in fitting out Sir Hugh Willoughby’s expedition, lxiv
Camen Bolshay, lxix
Candinaes or Caninoz, see Kanin Nos
Cant (Capo de), 219
Cape Baxo, see Baxo;
and other Capes under their respective names
Carlsen (Captain Elling) sails in a small fishing-boat through Pet Strait, xli;
reaches White Island without meeting with ice, ib.;
makes a vast capture of blubber-yielding animals, ib.;
his voyage in the Solid, xlv, et seq.;
leaves Hammerfest in 1871, xlv;
rounds Novaya Zemlya and anchors at Cape Hooft, ib.;
meets with Captain Mack; very correct observations taken by them, ib.;
they correct the longitude of the N.E. point of Novaya Zemlya, ib.;
confirms the calculations of the old Dutch navigators, xlvi;
extract from his log, xlvi, et seq.;
discovers Barents’s winter house, ib.;
articles seen there, xlvi;
sails along the coast, xlvii;
returns to Ice Harbour, finds other articles in Barents’s house, xlvii;
further investigates the ruins, xlvii;
erects a cairn and sets sail, xlviii;
determines to return home by circumnavigating the island, ib.;
difficulties with the ice, ib.;
a storm places the ship in great danger, ib.;
meets at length with open water, sails through Burrough Strait, and reaches home,
xlix
Carpenter dies, and is buried in Novaya Zemlya, 108
Carrah Colmak or Cathay, xciv
Casting Sarch, lxxxix;
see Kostin Shar
Cathay, the same as Carrah Colmak, xciv
Chancellor (Richard), pilot-major of Sir Hugh Willoughby’s fleet, lxvii;
enters the White Sea, lxvii;
goes to the court of Muscovy, ib.
Cherry (Sir Francis) sends a ship to Bear Island, cxxix
Cherry Island, see Bear Island
Cloud-berries, 249
Cloven Cliff, xxvii
Coasting Search, ci;
see Kostin Shar
Cochima, see Kotschmare
Coffins found at Novaya Zemlya, 33
Cola, see Kola [278]
Colf, played by the Dutch in Novaya Zemlya, 168, 177
Colgoy (Island of), see Kolguev
Colmogro, lxx
Comfort (Cape), 22, 28, 92, 199
Compass, variation of the, cxli, 10, 75, 77, 84, 92, 154, 230, 234, 236
Conjunction of the Moon and Jupiter, cliv;
its time calculated by Mr. Vogel, 146;
remarkable circumstances attending it, clv, 147
Constant Search, Constinsarch, c,
see Kostin Shar
Cardona in Spain, ice compared to the salt rocks there, 103
Cornelisz. (Claes), mate of the Mercury, civ
Cornelisz. (Ian), see Rijp
Cornelisz. (Pieter), one of the crew who returns to Holland, 257
Costing Sarch, Costin-sarca, see Kostin Shar
Cross Bay, cxxxvii
Crosses (Island of) 16, 90, 114
Cross Point, cxv, 31, 54, 56, 222
Cross-staff, description of, 10
Crow-bar, various names for, 100
Crystal, see Rock Crystal
Current along the western coast of Novaya Zemlya, cxxxv, 266
Cutlas, derivation of the word, 26
Danish Island, xxvii
De Craen, Dutch vessel commanded by S. W. Cat in the expedition of 1611, xxxiv
Dedication of De Veer’s work to the States General, clvii
Deer, see Reindeer
De Freia, Norwegian schooner, commanded by Capt. Nilsen in his voyage of 1872, xxv
De la Dale (François), supercargo of the Swan on the first expedition, civ;
chief commissioner with Linschoten on the second expedition, cxiii;
instructions given to them, ib.
Delgoy, see Dolgoi
De Moucheron, see Moucheron
Desire (Cape), xxxviii, cxxxix, 97
De Veer (Gerrit), author of the present work, makes no mention of the name Spitsbergen,
xxiii;
Barents’s log contains peculiarities not found in De Veer’s work, ib.;
Barents’s statements the more correct, xxiv;
explanation of such differences as may appear between him and Linschoten, cxxvi, cxxvii;
character of his work, cxliii;
was not of the first expedition, 4;
accompanies the second expedition, 43;
first sees the sun reappear, 143;
makes a rope fast to the ice, 196;
returns to Amsterdam, 257;
his personal history, xxiii, clvi;
various editions of his work, clvi–clxxii;
its dedication, clvii;
improper use made of his name by Hulsius, clxvi
De Vos, Dutch vessel commanded by J. C. May in the expedition of 1611, xxxiv
De Wal (Ernst van) see Wal
Discovery, one of the ships of the English expedition of 1875, i
Drift-wood found in Novaya Zemlya, 105
Dry Cape, cxxxvi
Dutch, their war against Philip of Spain, iii;
their labour and industry, ib.;
their petition to the Emperor Charles V, iv;
their estimate of navigation, ib.;
their first connexion with Russia, cii;
rival the English in the trade with Russia, ciii;
their expeditions to discover a north-east passage to China, see Expeditions
Dutch East India Company established in 1602, xxxi;
possesses the monopoly of the southern route to the East Indies, ib.;
invites Hudson to enter their service, and sends him on an expedition to seek the
north-east passage, xxxii
Dutch walrus hunters frequent the seas to the North of Novaya Zemlya, xxxix
Edward Bonaventure, one of the ships of Sir Hugh Willoughby’s expedition, lxvii
Eggs (sea mews’) found in great numbers at Bear Island, 75
English Arctic expedition of 1875, i
Enkhuysen (merchants of), join in fitting out two ships for the first expedition,
ciii;
send two ships on the second expedition, cxii
Evertsz. (Jacob), one of the third expedition, returns to Holland, 257
Expedition of Oliver Brunel on behalf of the Dutch in 1584, xiv
Expedition (First) of the Dutch in 1594;
account of it, ciii, civ;
starts from the Texel, cvii, 6;
arrives at Kildin, cvii, 7;
Barents leaves for Novaya Zemlya, and Nai for Vaigats, [279]ib.;
mistakes of writers as to this expedition, cviii;
Barents arrives at Langenes, cviii, 11;
at Loms Bay, 12;
at Admiralty Island, 13;
at Cape Negro, ib.;
at William’s Island, 14;
enters Beerenfort, 15;
combat with a bear, ib.;
arrives at Cross Island, 16;
reaches Cape Nassau, ib.;
boat lost in a storm, 17;
comes close to Novaya Zemlya, ib.;
meets with large fields of ice, 18;
again at Cape Nassau, cviii, 20;
impeded by the ice, 22;
arrives at Cape Comfort, ib.;
at Ice Point, 24;
finds “gold-stones”, ib.;
arrives at the Islands of Orange, cix, 25;
sees many walruses, 25;
returns homewards, cix, 27;
reaches Cape Nassau, cix, 29;
arrives at Costinsarch, 30;
at Lawrence Bay, 32;
finds several coffins, 33;
arrives at Meal Haven, ib.;
at Colgoy, 35;
at Matfloe and Delgoy, 36;
meets with Nai and Tetgales, who had been through the Strait of Nassau into the Kara
Sea, cx, 36;
they sail back to Holland, cx, 37;
Nai proceeds to Middleburg, cx;
Barents arrives at Amsterdam, 39
Expedition (Second) in 1595; why undertaken, cxii, 40;
consists of seven ships, cxii, 42;
their names and officers, cxii;
differently described by Hulsius, cxxviii;
their instructions, cxiii;
assemble at Texel, and start from thence, cxv, 43;
see Norway, 44;
arrive at Troms-oe, 46;
one of the ships in danger, 47;
pass the North Cape, cxv, 47;
the Mother-and-her-Daughters, 48;
arrives at Matfloe, cxv, 50;
at the Strait of Nassau (Yugorsky Shar), cxv, 52;
the passage closed up with ice, ib.;
anchor in Train-Oil Bay, ib.;
hold council there, ib.;
send a yacht to examine the Strait, ib.;
and a party of men across Vaigats Island, ib., 53;
again send out a yacht, cxvi;
favourable report, ib.;
weigh anchor and proceed, but forced to return, ib., 57;
quite surrounded by the ice, cxvi;
Barents alone not discouraged, ib.;
he crosses over to the main land, ib., 57;
meets with Samoyedes, cxvii;
his representations to the admiral, ib., 60;
the fleet reaches States Island, cxvii, 61;
decide in council that only one more attempt shall be made, cxvii;
two men killed by a bear, cxviii, 62;
another council held, the Amsterdammers alone wish to proceed, cxviii;
Barents goes on shore and observes the tides, ib., 274;
the fleet sails from States Island, but is driven back by the ice, cxix, 64;
two vessels run aground, 65;
reach Cape Dispute, cxix, 65;
make a final attempt, cxix, 66;
the Amsterdammers give in, cxix;
protest signed by all the officers, cxx;
the fleet sails homeward, cxxii. 66;
arrives at Kilduyn, 68;
reaches Wardhuus, cxxii, 69;
arrives in Holland, ib.
Expedition (Third) in 1596; the States General refuse to fit it out at the public
expense, cxxvii;
undertaken by the city of Amsterdam alone, cxxvii. 70;
names of the commanders, 71;
Barents subordinate to Heemskerck, ib.;
but virtually the leader, cxxviii;
sails from Amsterdam to the Vlie, 71;
departs from thence, ib.;
difference of opinion between Rijp and Barents as to their course, cxxix, 72;
they see the first ice, 73;
discover Bear Island, cxxix, 74, 76;
further disputes, 75;
in great danger on land in the snow, ib.;
combat with a bear, 76;
reach Spitzbergen, cxxx, 78;
circumnavigate it, cxxx;
see many geese, 79;
return to Bear Island, cxxxi, 85;
Rijp and Barents separate, ib.;
Rijp returns to Spitzbergen, ib.;
and eventually to Holland, cxxxiii;
Barents proceeds towards Novaya Zemlya, ib., 85;
sees land, 89;
passes Admiralty Island, 90;
in great danger from the ice, 93;
arrives at the Islands of Orange, 95;
ten men land on Novaya Zemlya, and think they have attained the object of their voyage,
96;
arrive at Cape Desire, 97;
enter Ice Haven, cxxxiv, 97;
surrounded by the ice, 98;
attempt in vain to return, 99;
three men nearly lost, ib.;
the ship being beset by the ice, they resolve to pass the winter there, ib.;
the ship in great danger, 100;
they bring their stores on land, 102, 103, 113, 116;
decide on building a house, 105;
find great quantities of drift-wood, ib.;
the carpenter dies, 108;
great sufferings from cold, 109, 114, 127, 131, 135;
sleep the first time in the house, 114;
beer frozen, 114, 116, 122;
lose sight of the sun, 121;
set traps for foxes, 123, 126;
take some foxes, 125, 130, 133, 136;
the clock frozen, 128;
wine frozen, 129;
are nearly smothered from making [280]a coal fire, 130;
hard frost, 137;
keep Twelfth night, 158;
short allowance, 142, 174;
the sun reappears, 144;
observations thereon, 145;
the house covered up with snow, cxlii, 135, 138, 151, 153;
a man dies, 150;
they suffer from scurvy, cxliv, 152;
keep Shrove Tuesday, 156;
see the Siberian coast, 162;
great trouble in fetching wood, 163;
their exemplary conduct, cxlii;
resignation, cxliii;
think of getting away in the boats, 176, 178;
begin to take down the house for firewood, 177;
prepare the boats for going away, 178, 185;
ship their provisions, 186;
Barents writes a letter to be left behind, 189;
Heemskerck writes a letter of protest in duplicate, of which one copy is put into each boat, 190;
it is signed by most of the crew, 193;
they leave Novaya Zemlya in two boats, 194;
pass the Ice Cape, 195;
in extreme danger from the ice, 196;
William Barents and Claes Andriesz die, 198;
draw the boats over the ice, 199;
reach Cape Comfort, ib.;
their course along the coasts of Novaya Zemlya and Russia as far as Kola, 200–203;
pass Cape Nassau, 204;
the boats separate, but again meet, 205;
nearly wrecked, 208;
Jan Fransz dies, 211;
meets with some Russians, 223, 229, 233, 237, 240, 243, 246;
suffer from scurvy, 224, 226;
cross from Novaya Zemlya to the coast of Russia, 228;
reach it, 229;
the two boats are separated, 236;
cross the White Sea, 241;
meet with Laplanders, 243;
their miserable manner of living, ib.;
the boats meet again, 244;
arrive at Kildin, 247;
send a man to Kola in quest of ships, 248;
receive tidings of I. C. Rijp, 251;
meet him again, 252;
arrive at Kola, ib.;
leave their boats at Kola, 255;
depart for Holland, ib.;
arrive at Amsterdam, 256;
relate their adventures, 257;
names of the survivors, ib.