Acronychal risings and settings, 5

Age, classes of, 99;
ignorance of, 98;
relative, 98

Agricultural cycles of seasons, 66;
festivals, 268, 337;
year, 91, 95

Anglo-Saxon seasons, 75;
months and year, 292

Apollo, festivals of, 363;
and the Greek calendar, 366

Arabic lunisolar year, 251;
month-names, 237;
names for days of the month, 165

Astrology, 119;
origin of, 146

Astronomers, primitive, 350, 351


Babylonian designation of years, 105;
intercalation, 258;
months, 226

Beginning of the year, see New Year.

Bilfinger on the Icelandic week-year, 78, n. 1;
on the Anglo-Saxon year, 295

Birds of passage, 46


Calendar, Greek star-c., 114;
Indian picture-writing c., 103

Calendar-makers, 347

Canaanitish month-names, 233

Constellations, 114

Continuous time-reckoning, 8, 359

Counting, 168;
aids in, 319;
of days, 168;
of months, 148, 217


Dagsmǫrk, 21

Dawn = day, 13

Day, of 24 hours, 11;
limits of, 43;
solar, stellar, 3;
as unit of time-reckoning, 3

Day, times of, 17;
expressions for, 22;
indications of, 17

Days, counting of: in dawns, 13;
in days, 14;
in nights, 13;
in sleeps, 15;
in suns, 12

Decades, 168

Delphi, influence on the calendar, 365

Dieteris, 1

Disting, 302

Dry and rainy seasons, 54, 88;
two, 62


Easter, computation of, 301

Ebb and flow, 39

Egyptian designation of years, 107;
year, 277

End of the year, 268

Ennaeteris, 364

Epiphany moon, 301

Eponyms, 107

Equinoxes, observation of, 313

Extracalation, 244, 360


Fasti, Greek, 365

Feriae conceptivae, 340

Festivals, agricultural and new year, 268;
cycles of, 337;
months named after, 345;
regulated by the moon, 341;
by the solstices, 344;
by the stars, 133

First-fruits, 269

Full moon, celebration of, 155;
the time of festivals, 342


Germanic division of the year, 75;
month-names, 288;
seasons, 74

Gestures indicating days, 12;
time of the day, 17

Gezer, calendar of, 235

Gnomon, 20

Greek division of the month, 168;
expressions for times of the day, 34;
observation of the solstices, 316;
of the stars, 110;
seasonal points, 46;
seasons, 72;
calendar, 362


Half-years, reckoning in, 75, 78, 87

Hammurabi, letter of, 263

Heliacal risings and settings, 5

Hesiod, 46, 112

Homer, 34, 110, 316

Hour, origin of, 43


Icelandic (cp. Scandinavian) designation of times of the day, 21;
months, 297;
seasons, 75;
week-year, 78, 370

Indo-European expressions for times of the day, 31;
notion of the year, 97;
seasons, 71

Intercalary cycle, Babylonian, 259;
Greek, 363

Intercalation (cp. month, intercalary,) cyclical, 362;
in Greece, 368;
empirical, 243, 359;
origin of, 240;
pre-Mohammedan, 253;
regulated by the solstices, 265;
by the stars, 247

Israelitish festivals at full moon, 341;
intercalation, 244;
months, 233;
new year, 272


King in charge of the calendar, 352

Knots, 104, 320

Kugler on Babylonian intercalation, 260


Landmarks indicating times of the day, 21;
for observation of solstices and equinoxes, 311

Latin expressions for times of the day, 37;
star-names, 113

Lunar month, see Month.

Lunar months of European peoples, 294, 304, 305


Markets, in Arabia, 251;
in Canaan, 334

Market-week, 324

Measures of time, 42

Monsoons, 57, 87

Month, 147;
division of, 155, 159;
halving of, 166;
tripartite division of, 167;
quarters of, 170;
intercalary, 243;
of the Wadschagga, 203;
lunar, 5;
number of days in, 149;
sidereal, 4;
synodic, 5

Month-names, 174;
from festivals, 345;
from seasons and occupations, 218, 227;
from stars, 227, 247;
absence of, 223;
multiplicity of, 222;
old Greek, 364;
pairs of, 224;
popular European, 282;
variability of, 221

Months, counting of, 148, 217;
numbering of, 188, 233;
series of, 174;
incomplete, 240, 246;
Semitic, 226

Moon (cp. full moon, new moon) course of, 147;
invisibility of, 149;
phases of, 151, 155;
smaller phases, 159;
position of, 150;
time counted by, 16

Mountains as landmarks, 21


Nasi, 253

New moon, celebration of, 151

New moons, counting in, 151, 235

New Year, 8, 91, 267;
Egyptian, 278;
festivals of, 268

Night, parts of, 39;
times of, indicated by the stars, 40

Nights, counting in, 13

‘Noon-line’, 21

Nundinae, 333


Oktaeteris, 1, 363

Olympiads, 364


Pars pro toto counting, 358;
of days, 16;
of weeks, 358;
of years, 92

Picture-writings, 103

Planets, 120, 124

Plant as sun-dial, 19

Pleiades the, as indicating seed-time, 134;
special significance of, 129

Pleiades-year, 275

Priests as calendar-makers, 350


Qalammas, 253

Quarters of the moon, 170


Rainy and dry seasons, 54, 88;
two, 62


Sabbath, 329

Scandinavian (cp. Icelandic, Swedish) divisions of the day, 21;
observation of solstices, 316;
seasons, 74;
week-reckoning, 80

Schools of astronomy, 354

Seasonal points, 46

Seasons, 45;
cycles of, 65;
number: two, 54;
two or three, 72, 75;
three, 64;
four or five, 58, 63;
six, 60;
s. and months, 218;
regulation of, 70;
subdivision of, 61, 72

Sea-voyages, stars a guide to, 125, 353

Shabattu, 329

Shadow, time of day reckoned according to, 19

Shifting method of time-reckoning, 8

Solstices, 220;
festivals regulated by, 344;
months regulated by, 265;
observation of, 311

Stars, 109;
festivals regulated by, 133;
a guide to sea-voyages, 125, 353;
months named after, 227, 247;
new year determined by, 275;
omens of weather, 125, 130, 140, 143;
risings and settings of, 5, 128;
other phases, 129;
time of the night, 40;
time of the year indicated by, 128

Summer and winter, 54, 89

Summer day, the, 81

Sun = day, 13

Sun (cp. solstices and equinoxes), seed-time indicated by, 317;
time of day indicated by the position of, 17

Swedish (cp. Scandinavian) lunar months, 302, 304;
month-names, 299;
quarter-years, 80


Tally, 104, 168, 320

Tetraeteris, 1

Tille on the division of the Germanic year, 77

Time-indications, 9;
concrete, 355;
discontinuous and ‘aoristic’, 9, 356

Time-reckoning, methods of, 8


Units of time-reckoning, 3


Weather, stars as omens of, 125, 130, 140, 143

Webster on the sabbath, 335

Week, seven-day, 333

Week-year, 78, 370

Weidner on Babylonian intercalary cycles, 259

Weinhold on the Germanic seasons, 76

Wind-seasons, greater, 57;
shorter, 85

Winter and summer, 54, 89;
w. the time of festivals, 339

Winter day, the, 81

Winters, years counted in, 9


Year, 86;
agricultural, 91, 95, 96;
Egyptian, 277;
incomplete, 89, 223, 240;
stellar, 4;
stellar, of primitive peoples, 93, 275;
tropic, 4

Years, counting of, 92;
designation of y. after events, 99;
after rulers etc., 101, 107

Yule-moon, 301