The Railway Conquest Of the World, by Frederick A. Talbot

INDEX

ABT system of grading, 255, 307
Abu Hamed, 154
Aconcagua Peak, 128, 274
—— River, 277
Acre, Bay of, 122
Adelaide, 184, 190
Adelsköld, Mme. Gustafva, 260
—- Major C., 260–62
Adhesion traction, 217
Africa, railways of, 79, 139–61
—— Cape to Cairo railway, 139–61
—— Central, railways of, 281–8
—— French West, 145
—— German East, 150
—— —— South-West, 79
—— Portuguese East, 281, 282
——- South, the war, 155
—— —— gold-fields, 301
Air-brakes, 313
Airolo, 33, 35, 41, 42, 44
Akasha, 153
Alaska, 162
—— reclamation of, 102–16
Albany, 187
Albert Nyanza, Lake, 151, 161
Alexandria, 154, 158, 159
Allahabad, 252
—— -Fyzerbad railway, 252
Allan, Sir Hugh, 225
Alps, the, 162–3, 170
—— the Southern, 194
Amarillo Gorge, 274
Amazon River, 129, 270
America, South—
First trans-continental railway, 270
Laissez-faire attitude, 14
Survey work, 9–11
World’s highest line, 128–38
American Civil War, the, 309
American railway interests, 155, 183, 293, 300
Amur railway, the, 201, 211, 212
—— Valley, 209
Andermatt, village of, 42
Anderson, Messrs. J. & A., 195
Andes, the, 9, 128–9, 134, 135, 137, 177, 270, 271, 272, 274, 277, 278
—— Trans-andine railway, 270, 274
Animas Canyon, 170
Antofagasta railway, 136, 279
Arab raiders, 119, 126–7
Arabia, deserts of, 117
Argentina-Chile peace, 275
Arica, 279
Arkansas River, 164
Arlberg Tunnel, the, 88–9, 94, 95
Armstrong, Sir W. G., 200, 206
Arnold, Bion, 56
Asia Minor, 122
Assling, 97
Assuan, 158
Atbara, 154, 159
—— Bridge, 154, 156, 157
—— River, 154
Atlin, 111
Auckland, 194
Auspoint, 94
Australasia, railways of, 175–97
Australia, South—
Railways, 184–5
Survey work, 191–3
Australia, West—
Railways, 176, 186, 187, 189
Survey work, 190–92
Trans-continental scheme, 190–191
Water-supply, 187–9, 190–91
Austria, railway enterprise, 88, 90, 95
Avers Platz, 163
“Azure Dragon,” the, 289, 296
Baden-Zurich railway, 31
Bahia Honda, 248
Baikal, Lake, 150, 200, 206, 207
—— railway, 201
Baker, Sir Benjamin, 293–4
Baldwin Company of Philadelphia, 217
Baltic Sea, ice-breakers, 206
Barrow, F. W., 215
Bathurst, 177
Batignolles, 303–4
Batn-el-Ghoul, the, 124
Beacon Hill Tunnel, 300–301
Beckwourth Pass, 317
Bedouin, the, 118–21, 126–7
Beira, 284
Beirut, 122
Beit, Alfred, 149
Belgian railway interests, 150–51, 295, 299, 300
Bell, J. B., 252
Bennett, Lake, 108–9
Bennett, Mr., 26–7
Bergen, 262, 263, 267, 269
Bergen-Christiania line, 263–9
Bergsund, 261
Biaschina Gorge, 43
“Big Hill,” 217, 218, 231–2
Biwa Lake, 305
Blackwall Tunnel, 55
Blanc, Mont, 128
Blantyre, 282, 283, 287
Bluden, 90
Blue Nile, the, 156–7
Bodin, Georges, 303
Bogie principle, 78
Bolivia, railways of, 279–80
Borneo, British North, 4
Bossi, engineer, 42
Boulder River Canyon, 172
Box Tunnel, 23
Boxer Rebellion, the, 299
Bozeman Tunnel, 310–11
Bramstone Tunnel, 24
Brandt hydraulic drills, 89–90, 98, 265
Bray Head, 23–5
Brazil—
Brazilian-Portuguese labourers, 223
Configuration, 216
Leopoldina system, 214–23
“Bridge Line,” New Zealand, 196–7
Bridges—
Girder, 221
Rack system, 221
Steel, 260
Bristen Tunnel, 44
British and Chinese Corporation, 296, 300
British Central Africa Co., 282
—— Columbia, 110, 224, 239
—— North Borneo, 4
Broken Hill, 147, 149, 150
Bromma, 267
Brunel, work in Ireland, 22–5
Buenos Aires and Pacific railway, 270
Buffalo, 55, 70–71
Bukana, 151
Buluwayo, 141, 142
Burma, Gokteik Viaduct, 250
—— Railway Co., 254
—— Upper, bridges, 254
Butte, 312
Cairo, 139, 150, 151, 158
Caissons, 182–3
California, the gold rush to, 60, 69
Callao, 129, 130, 138
Camels, transport by, 190–2
Campos, 221
Canada—
Eastern, the railway in, 225
Fighting gangs, 28
First trans-continental, 224–39
Muskeg country, 18, 226–9
Canadian Pacific railway, 316–17
“Big Hill,” 217, 218, 231–2
Chinese labour on, 15
Eagle Pass, 238
Gold Range, 238
Government aid, 225–6
Kicking Horse Pass, 232–4
Muskeg country, difficulties, 226–9
Selkirk Range, 234–8
Cantilever principle, 144, 239
Canton, 299, 300
—— -Kowloon railway, 295, 299–301
Cape of Good Hope, 212
Cape to Cairo railway—
Northwards from Cape Town, 139–51
Southwards from Cairo, 152–61
Cape Town, 139, 141, 145, 147, 150, 161
Carnarvon, 79
Cascade Range—
Grading, 21, 321
Snowsheds, 24
Tunnelling, 25, 27, 193, 313–14, 321
“Catch points,” 231
Cathedral Mountain, 233
Cenis Tunnel, 31–2, 35, 36, 88–90, 217
Central Otago railway, 196–7
Central Pacific railway, 63, 65, 70, 198, 315
Central railway of Peru, 136
Central Siberian railway, 200, 203
Champlain and St. Lawrenc railway, 46
—— Lake, 46
Chang-Tien-Yow, 297
Chat Moss, 17
Chenab River, 252
Chepstow bridge, 23
Cheyennes, the, 67–8
Chicago, 54, 58, 241, 318
—— & North-Western railway, 162
—— Milwaukee & Puget Sound line, 308, 318–22
—— Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 318, 319
Chichli, 291
Chicla, 135
Chikwawa, 282
Chile, 274–5
Chilian labour, 277
Chilkoot Pass, 104
China—
Early days in, 289–96
Eastern Chinese railways, 211
Frontier, 198, 211–13
Mileage of railways, 289, 307
Modern developments, 297–307
Trade guilds, 15, 16
Chinde, 281, 282, 284
Chinese labourers, 14–16, 69, 210, 212
Chinook, the, 103, 317
Chiromo, 283, 285, 286, 287
Chisso, workman, 42
Chosica, 130
Christchurch, 194
Christiania, 262–4, 269
Christo Redentor, statue of, 275
Chungzoune River, 255, 257, 258
Circum-Baikal line, 204–9
Cleveland Engineering & Bridge-building Co., 144, 157
Col de Fréjus. See Cenis Tunnel
Colladon, Prof., 36
Collie district, 186–7
Colorado, mountains of, 162–3
Columbia River, 6, 28, 234, 250, 308, 309, 322
Congo Free State, 149
—— River, 150, 151
Congolo, 151
Constantinople, 122
Coolgardie—
Condensing plant, 188–9
Gold rush, 186, 187
Railway enterprise, 190–91
Cooper, Fenimore, The Pathfinder, 66
Cordilleras, the, 128, 129, 130, 132, 274
“Corduroying,” 18
Corean labour, 212
Corkscrew grading, 124–5, 233
Cornwall, 22
Council Bluffs, 62, 63, 65
Cragellachie, 238
Cromer, Lord, 152
Cuba, trade, 240–41
Cumbres Pass, 169
Curzon railway bridge (Allahabad), 252–4
Dakota, North, 229, 320
Dallas, 170
Dalnaspiel, 173
Dalwhinnie, 173
Damascus, 117, 118, 121, 122
—— Repairing works at, 126
Darling Mountains, 189
—— Range, 186, 188, 189
—— —— Upper, 187
Darlington, 144
Dartmoor, 173
Dawson, 103, 111
Deane, Henry, M.I.C.E., 180–81, 191
Denver, 171, 172, 174
—— & Rio Grande railway, 8, 162, 163, 314
Deraa, 122, 123
—— River, 122
Dervishes, 153, 156
Des Moines, 65
Deuchars, G., 257
Dhorabhave River, 250
—— Viaduct, 250
Diamondopolis, 141
Dickson, Norman B., M.I.C.E., 215, 218–23
Dinas, 79
Dovrejelf Range, 263–4
Drave River, 94
Dublin & South-Eastern railway, 23
Dufile, 160–61
Dunedin, 196
Durant, Thomas C., 60, 62, 65, 70
Dyaks, 5
Eagle Pass, 7, 238
—— River Canyon, 171
East Indian railway, 250
Eastern Chinese railways, 211
Edward, King, Victoria Bridge opened by, 51
Egypt—
British penetration, 119
Railways in, 152–3
Eiffel Tower, 169
Ekaterinburg, 199
El Misti, 137
El Obeid, 157
Electric drills, 96, 100
Electrical system, single-phase alternating current, 56
Elizabethville, 150
Elswick, 200
Ermak, ice-breaker, 206
Espirito Santo, 214
Euphrates Valley, 123
“Everglades, The,” 241–6, 249
Fades Viaduct, 145
Fairbanks, 112
Favre, L., 34, 39, 40, 42
Feather River, 316
—— River Canyon, 316, 318
Fell system, the, 217
Festiniog Toy railway, 76–79, 81
Field, 231
“Fighting gang,” 28
Fires, forest, 235–6
Fjeldberg, 264
Flagler, Henry, 240, 241, 249
“Flagler’s Folly,” 242, 249
Flat Creek Viaduct, 197
Floods, 219–20, 251
Florida East Coast railway, 240–49
Formosa, 291
Fort Augusta, 190
—— Johnston, 287
Fox, Sir Douglas, and Partners, 285
Foxwood Tunnel, 23
France, railway interests, 295, 299, 301–14
Fraser, James, M.I.C.E., 181–2
—— River Canyon, 239
Fremantle, 193
Fremont Pass, 168–9
Fritsch, Prof., 33
Fung Shui, influence of, 289, 296
Galera Tunnel, 135–6, 138, 274
Gales, Robert R., M.I.C.E., 253
Galilee, Sea of, 123
Ganges, bridges, 252, 253
Garry, Fort, 224
Gauges—
Metre, 215
Narrow-gauge system, 78, 105, 111
Standard, 267
Uniform, need for, 176
Wide, 48
Gellivare iron mines, 260
Gelpke, M. O., C.E., 33
Geraldton, 186, 187, 188, 189
German railway interests, 33, 295
Girouard, Sir Percy, 153
Gjeilo, 268
Gloggnitz, 92
Godavari Bridge, 250
—— River, 250
Gokteik Viaduct, 250, 254–9
Gold Range, the, 6, 238
Gold rush to—
California, 60
Colorado, 163
Klondyke, 103, 110
San Francisco, 65
Golden Gate, the, 63, 65
—— Horn, 64
Gondoroko, 158, 160
Göschenen, 35, 41
Göta Bridge, 260–62
—— River, 260–61
Gothenburg, 262
Gould, Jay, 47
Goz Abu Guma, 157
Grading, Corkscrew, 43, 124–5, 195, 233
—— Switchback, 219
—— Zigzag, 177–81, 187, 219
Grand Trunk railway, 48, 54, 58, 143
Grand Trunk Railway Co., 47
Grant, General, 68–9
Grattoni, engineer, 32
Gravehals Tunnel, 264–6
Great Britain, railway interests, 91, 104, 144, 147, 154–5, 157, 214–23, 254, 276, 295, 300
—— Lakes, the, 47, 58, 162, 311
—— Northern railway, 21, 308, 311–14
—— Salt Lake, 70
—— Wall of China, 297, 298
—— Western railway, 173
—— “Zigzag,” the, 179–80
Greymouth, 194
Guilds, Chinese, 15, 16
Gulf Stream, 103
Gwaai River, 142
“Hadj,” the, 117
Haifa, 122
Halfa, 158
Hamilton, 47, 48
Hand-signalling, 202
Hanging Bridge, the, 164–7, 109
Hankow, 299–301
Harbin, 293, 299
Harriman, E. H., 28–9, 72
Harte, Bret, 70
Havana, 241
Hawkesbury Bridge, 182
—— River, 182
Head hunters, 4
Hector, 231
Hedjaz Peninsula, 123
—— railway, 117–27
Hellgate Canyon, 311
Hellwag, M., 40–42, 195
Hereros rebellion, the, 81–2, 84, 85
Heritier, Grand Duke, 200
High Nile level, 158
Hill, James J., 28, 29, 185, 311
Hindoos—
As traders, 287
Daily wage, 13, 14
Hoang-ho River, 271
Hobson, G. A., 144, 147
—— Joseph, 54
Hodges, James, 50
Hollenburger River, 94
—— Viaduct, 95
Holy railway to Mecca, 117–27
Hooghley River, 250–51
Horn, Cape, 60, 63, 65, 128, 129
Horne, W. C. Van, 236, 237
Hudson Bay, 224, 234
—— —— Trading Co., 308
Humboldt River territory, 317
Huntington, Collis P., 59, 60, 62, 65, 72, 308
Huron, Lake, 54
Huvudnas Falls, 260
Hydraulic drills (Brandt), 88–90, 98, 265
—— shield, the, 54, 89
—— sluicing, 20–21, 321–2
Ibex, 163
Icebreakers, 200, 206–7
Ichine River, 202
Illecillewaet River, 238
Implements, 16
Inca, 274
India—
British, railway bridges, 250–59
Rivers of, 250–51
Indians—
Missouri, 64–9, 312
Pawnee, friendly, 66, 68
Rising, 1876–77, 310
Sioux, 67
Trails, 234, 316
Indus, 250
Infiernillo Bridge, 134
Innsbruck, 90
International Conference, the, 40
Ireland, Brunel’s work, 23–5
Irkutsk, 200, 201, 205
Irtych River, 201–3
Isonzo Gorge, 97
Italy, railway interests, 33, 35, 82–85, 217
Ito, Prince, 305
Iwakura, Prince, 306
Japan—
Modern developments, 297–307
Sea of, Insular railway, 305
South, rebellion in, 305
Jardine, Matheson & Co., Messrs., 290, 291, 295–6
“Jaws of Death,” the, 237
Johnson, Edwin F., 309
Jordan, River, 122, 123
Jubilee Bridge across the Hooghly, 250, 251
Judah, Theodore D., 61–4, 316
Julian Alps, the, 93, 97
Jumna River, 253
Kafue Bridge, 147
—— River, 147
Kaisim Pasha, 119–21
Kalgoorlie, 190, 192
Kalomo, 145–6
Karawanken railway, 94–8
—— Range, 93, 95
—— Tunnel, 95, 198
Katanga, 149
Kerma, 153
Key, Grassy, 247
—— Long, 247
—— West, 241, 246
Keys, the, 242, 247, 248–9
Khabarovsk, 201, 211, 212
Khartoum, 153, 156, 158, 160
—— Bridge, 157
Khilkoff, Prince M. I., 207–8
Kicking Horse Pass, 225, 230, 232–4, 316
Kilsby Ridge, 19
—— Tunnel, 19
Kimberley, 141
Kinambla Valley, 181
Kinder, C. W., 292, 297
Kindu, 151
Kioto-Otsu line, 306
Kitchener, Lord—
Australian railways, on, 190, 193
Expedition against the Mahdi, 153–4
Kituta, 149–50
Kivu, Lake, 150
Klagenfurt, 94
Klaus, 94
“Klondike,” 103, 108, 110–11
Knight’s Key, 249
Kobe, 305
Kobe-Osaka line, 305
Koppel, Arthur, 80
Kotlass, 212
Kowloon, 299, 300
Krasnoiarsk, 199, 200, 207
Krems Valley, 94
La Paz, 136, 279–80
La Prairie, 46, 58
Labour—
Brazilian Portugee, the, 223
Cape to Cairo, native record day’s work, 145–6
Chilian, 277
Chinese, 12–16, 223, 301
Female, 301
Indian coolie, 293
Italian, 82–5
Siberian exile, 210, 212
Landore Viaduct, 22
Land’s End, 244
Landslides, 138, 219–20
Lan-ho Bridge, 293–4
—— River, 293
Lansdowne Bridge, 250
Lao-Chay, 302
Las Cuevas, 274, 275
Lawley, A. L., 147
Lay, H. N., 304
Leadville, 163–4, 168–9
Lebarge, Lake, 104
Leopoldina railway, the, 214–23
Leslie, Sir Bradford, K.C.I.E., M.I.C.E., 251, 282–3, 287
Lewis & Clark, Messrs., 308
Li-Hung-Chang, 291–2, 295
Limbi, 287
“Limited,” the, on “Big Hill,” 231–2
Linz, 94
Lithgow Valley, 178
“Little Wonder,” the, 77
Liverpool, 208
—— & Manchester railway, 46
Livingstone, 139
Lobengula, 141
London & North-Western railway, 17, 76
—— to Vancouver in the ’fifties, 224
Los Andes, 270, 277
Lott, Julius, 89
Lucerne, Lake of, 43
Luchenza River, 286
Lucin Cut-off, the, 71–5
Ma’an, 122–4
“Machilla,” 283
Madras North-East line, 250
Mafeking, 141
Mahdi, the, 119, 152
—— Kitchener’s expedition, 153–4
—— Terms made with, 139
Mahommedanism, the Holy railway, 117–27
Maidenhead Bridge, 23
Makatote Gorge, 195
—— Viaduct, 195–6
Mallet locomotives, 297
Manchester & Liverpool railway, 17
Manchuria, 211, 212
Marshall Pass, 168
Mashonaland, 141
Matabele, the, 141
Matecumbe, Upper and Lower, 247
Matucana, 134
Maua, 216
Mecca, 121
—— the Holy railway to, 117–27
Mechanical percussion rock-drill, 36
Medina, 117, 126
—— -Saleh, 125
Meiggs, Henry, 129, 130–32, 133–135, 270
“Meiggs’ V-switch,” 130–32, 135–270
—— The “zigzag” system, 177
Meissner Pasha, H., 121, 124–6
Melbourne, 184, 190
Menai Straits Bridge, 50
Mendoza, 270, 273, 275
—— River, 271–2, 274
Meredith, J. O., 243–4
Metcalfe, Sir Charles, Bart., 145–146, 285
Metre-gauge, 263, 267
Mexican Central, the, 3
Mexico, 162
—— Native labour, 13
—— Gulf of, 240, 246–8
Miami, 240–41, 249
—— to Havana, Key West, 241–9
Miasma, 242–4
Midland railway (W.A.), 187, 189
Minaes, 214
Minnesota, 318
Mississippi River—
Bridges, 250
Scouring of the, 252
Missouri River, 61, 62, 64, 66, 250, 309, 312, 319, 322
“Mixed trains,” 294
Mjolfjeld, 268
Moberly, Walter, 6, 238
Moffatt, David H. M., 171, 172
“Moffatt” road, the, 162, 163
Mollendo, 136, 271, 279
Mongolia, beasts of burden from, 211
Mont Cenis “Fell” railway, 217
Montana, 229, 320
—— Hellgate Canyon, 311
—— Mineral wealth, 312
Montreal, railway enterprise in, 46–8
—— to Vancouver, 224
Morell, E., 305, 306
Morrison, G. J., 290
Mountain railways, the first, 91–2
—— sickness, 9, 136
Mouraviev-Amoursky, Count, 198
Mowbridge, 320
M’Swadzi River, 286
Mud-slides, 237
Muir, John, 190–91
Mukden, 293, 299
Muktar Bey, 126
Mules, Andine, 280
Mullan Tunnel, 311
Munich, 93, 101
Murchison Falls, 282
—— gold-fields, 188
Murzzuschlag, 92
Myssovaia, 201, 206
Naihati, 250
Namiti Gorge, 302–4
—— Valley, 302
Nanking, 296
Nankow Pass, 297–8
Naoyetsu, 307
Natal railways, 140, 155
Neccaraviglia, workman, 42
Nevada, 61
New South Wales railways, 176–84, 186, 219
—— York, 46, 59, 60, 155, 240, 241, 255
—— York to San Francisco, 15
—— Zealand railways, 193–7
Niagara Falls, 57
—— River suspension bridge, 57–58, 143
Nicholas II., 200
Nictheroy, 216
Nijneoudinsk, 199
Nikolsk, 212
Nile River, 154
—— Blue, 156–7
—— Expedition, 1885–6, 153
—— High level, 158
Nile Rapids, 160–61
—— steamers, 158
—— White Nile, 157–8, 160
—— Valley, 150, 152
Nippon Railway Co., 306
North Island (N.Z.) Trunk railway, 194
North, Major Frank J., 66–8
North Wales Narrow Gauge railway, 76–87
Northampton (W.A.), 187
Northern Pacific railway, 308–11
—— crisis, 239
Northern railway (W.A.), 188
North-Western State railway, 252
Norway, 260
—— Trans-Norwegian railway, 262
Norwegian Eastern railway system, 267
Nyasa, Lake, 282, 287
Nyasaland—
Negroes, 283
Railways, 281–8
Oakland, 315
Ober Villach, 101
Obi, 200
—— River, 201–3, 205
Ofoten, 260
Ogden, 75
Okuma, Count, 305
Omaha, 65, 68, 312
Omaruru, 82, 85, 87
Omdurman, 153, 154, 157
Omsk, 199
Ontario, Lake, 54, 57
Oodnadatta, 184
Opcina Tunnel, 97
Ophir Loop, 170–71
—— Mountain, 170
Orange Free State, 140
Oregon railways, 28–9
Orenburg, 199
Oriental Bank, 305
Oroville, 314, 316
Oroya, 136
—— line, 129–38, 177, 271
Osaka, 305
Osgood, J. O., 166–7
Ossouri railway, 201
Otago, 196
—— Central railway, 196–7
Otavi line, the, 79
—— the new “Copperado,” 79
Otira Gorge, 194, 195
—— Tunnel, 194–5
Otsu, 305
Ottoman Government, the, and the Bedouin, 118, 119
Ouguati, 82
Ovambo coolies, 83–4
“Overland Limited,” the, 75
“Overland Route,” 65–6, 71, 317
Pacific Central railway, 63, 65, 70, 198, 315
—— railway surveys, 309
—— Western railway, 308, 314–18
Pæons, 13
Palestine, 117, 119, 123
Panama, Isthmus of, 65, 240
Parahybuna River, 221
Paramatta, 176
Parisian Société de Construction des Batignolles, 303–4
Parkes, Sir Harry, 304–5
Pauling & Co., Messrs., 141
Pawnee Indians, 66, 68
Payment in kind, 287–8
Paznaun Valley, 90
Pears, A. G., 288
Pehtang, 291
Pekin, 296, 298–9
—— -Hankow railway, 299
—— -Kalgan railway, 295, 297
—— -Nanking railway, 296
Pennsylvania Steel Co., 254, 255–9
Penrith, 177
Pequop Range, 72, 317
Perth (W.A.), 187–9
Peru, 129
Peruvian Central railway, 136
—— Corporation of London, 135
—— Southern railway, 279
Peto, Betts & Brassey, Messrs., 47, 49, 52
Petropavlovsk, 199
Petropolis, 216, 221
“Phantom Curve,” 169
Placer River Valley, 113
Poncha, 168
Ponthierville, 151
Port Herald, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287
—— Sudan, 160
Portland, Atlantic Coast, 29, 48
Portmadoc, 76
Portugal, railway interests, 295
Princeton, Dartmoor, 173
Promontory Range, 70, 71
Pueblo, 164, 171
—— and Arkansas railway, 164–7
—— to Leadville, 168
Puget Sound, 309, 318
Pullman car, the, on the Hedjaz railway, 126
Puno, 136, 279
Puy de Dôme, 145
Pyrhn Pass, 94
—— railway, 94
Queensland railways, 176, 182, 184
Rack system, the, 216, 221, 255, 273, 274, 277, 279, 307
Rainhill, 46
Raiz da Serra, 216
Rangoon, 255
Red Sea, the, 123, 158, 159
Reinunga Tunnel, 266–7
Rejaf, 160–61
Resurrection Bay, 112
Reuss River, 35
Rhodes, Cecil—
Cape to Cairo railway, 139–61
Death of, 149
Rhodesia, 141, 284
—— North-West, 145
Riggenbach system, the, 216
Rimac River, 130
Rinderpest, 141, 211
Rio de Janeiro, 214, 215
—— Bay of, 216–17
“Rio de las animas perdidas,” 170
“Riviera of America,” 249
Roa, 267, 269
Robinson, A. A., the Hanging Bridge, 165–7
“Rocket,” Stephenson’s, 46
Rockhampton, 190, 193
Rocky Mountains, the, 68, 136, 162, 164, 167–9, 170, 172, 173, 193, 230, 231, 312–13
—— avalanches, 5, 6
—— Bozeman Tunnel, 310–11
—— Mullan Tunnel, 311
Rogers, Major A. B., 234
Rogers’ Pass, 234
Rollins Pass, 163, 173–4
Rosenbach Valley, 95
Ross, Alexander M., 49, 50, 52
Rouses’s Point, 47
Royal Gorge, 164–7, 170
Ruapehu, Mount, 195
Ruo Bridge, 285–6
—— River, 285
Russia, Asiatic, 198
—— European, railways, 199, 205
Russo-Japanese War, 212
Sacramento, 63, 70, 71
Sahara, the, 79
St. Bernard Hospice, 163
St. Clair River, 54
—— Tunnel, 54–6
—— —— Electrification, 56–7
St. Gotthard Tunnel, 88–90, 129, 195, 233;
footpath, 30–31;
financial arrangements, 31–4;
hindrances, 34–6;
drilling, 36–7;
labour, 37–8;
water, 38–9;
deficit, 39;
death of M. Favre, 40;
borings completed, 41–3;
the second track, 43–5
St. John’s, Quebec, 46, 58
St. Lawrence, Victoria Jubilee Bridge, 46–54
St. Paul Pass, 320–21
—— railway, 308
St. Petersburg, 203, 207
St. Pinnock Viaduct, 22
Salt Lake, 61, 71, 72, 73
—— —— City, 71, 164, 171, 314, 317
—— —— Desert, 318
Saltash Bridge, 23
San Bartholomé, 131
San Diabolo Range, 315
San Francisco, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 70, 198, 225, 241, 314, 315
Sarnia, 54
Sarras, 153
Scandinavia—
Climate, 103
Snow-ploughs, 260
Schwarzach St. Veit, 101
Schwitzer, J. E., 1, 233
Scottish Highlands railway, 173
Seattle, 107, 318
Selkirk Range, the, 6, 234–8
—— “Jaws of Death,” the, 237
—— Rogers’ Pass, 234
—— Snow-sheds, 24, 235–7
—— Split fences, 236
—— Stoney Creek Bridge, 237–8
Sella, Lake of, 42
Selzthal, 94
Semmering Pass, 92
—— Range, 91
Sennar, 156–7
Severn Tunnel, 276
Seward, 112, 113
Shanghai, 213, 290, 291, 296
Shanghai-Nangchow-Ningpo railway, 298
Shanghai-Nanking railway, 295
Shanghai-Woosung railway, 290–295
Shan-Hai-Kuan, 292, 294
Shellal, 158
Sher Shah, 252
Shiré River, 281, 282, 287
Siberia—
Central railway, 200, 203
Climate of Western, 204
Exiles as labourers, 210–12
Trans-Siberian railway, 198–213
Tundras, the, 18
Western railway, 200, 203
“Siberia,” disease, 211
Siberian Central railway, 200, 203
Sierras Main Range, grading and tunnelling, 314–18
Simplon Tunnel, 100
Sioule River, 145
Sioux, the, 67
Skaguay, 107, 108, 110, 111–12
—— railway from, 103–5
Slave-trade, Central Africa, 282–3
Smith, C. Shaler, 166
Smith’s Mill, 187
Snow-plough, the, 111, 173, 232, 268–9, 278
Snow-sheds, 235–7
Snow-slides, 236
Snowdon Station, 79
Soldier’s Leap, 278
Sommeiller, 32
Sone Bridge, 250
Sorochté, sickness, 9
South Boulder Canyon, 172
—— Island, N.Z., 194, 197
“Spiral” grading and tunnelling, 43, 195, 233
“Split fences,” 236
Spooner, C. E., 77
Stanford, Leland, 60, 62, 65, 70
Stanley, 139
Stanleyville, 151
Stattnitz, 94
Steel, first used for bridges, 260
Steelton, 254, 255, 258
Stelvio road, 163, 170, 277
Stephen, Mount, 230
Stephenson, George, 17, 19, 30, 46, 49–52, 308
Steyr River, 94
Stoney Creek Bridge, 237–8
—— —— Plain, the, 123
“Straight Line,” the longest in the world, 270
Stretensk, 201, 211, 212
Styria, 91
Suakin, 159, 160
Sudan—
Railways, 153, 154, 156, 158
Upper, 157, 158
Work of the Government, 160, 161
Sudan Development and Exploration Co., 158, 160
“Sudd,” 160
Suez Canal, 212, 213
—— Gulf, 159
Sukkur, 250
Superior, Lake, 226–7, 230, 309
Swakopmund, 79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87
Sweden, bridges, 260
Switchback grading, 219
Switzerland—
Alps, the, 162
Financing the St. Gotthard, 33
Railways, 216
Tunnelling in, 30
Sydney, 177, 190
—— railway to Paramatta, 176
—— railway to Queensland, 182
Tabuk, 124, 125
Tacoma, 318
Takasaki-Naoyetsu railway, 307
Tamboraque, 134
Tanganyika, 149–50
Tasmanian Sea, 193
Tauern Range, 93, 98
—— Tunnel, 98–101
Taugevand, 264, 265, 266
Tcheliabinsk, 200, 202
Tcheliabinsk-Kourgan, 199
Teichl River, 94
Telephone across Victoria Falls, first use, 143–4
Tennessee Pass, 169
Tessin River, 35
Texas forests, 73
Thompson River Canyon, 239
Thorndike, William, 135–6
Tientsin, 292
Tigris Valley, 123
Tioumen, 199, 205
Titicaca, Lake, 136, 137, 279
Tobol, the, 202
Tokio, 304, 305, 307
—— -Kakasaki railway, 306
—— -Sendai railway, 306
—— -Yokohama railway, 305
Tolosa, 274
Toltec Bridge, 169
—— Tunnel, 169
Tomsk, 199, 205, 213
Tong-King-Sing, General, 291–2
Tongshan, 291, 293
“Topographers’ Gulch,” 321
Torano Range, 317, 318
Toronto, 48
“Toy” railway, Festiniog, 76–9
Track-layer, the, 146
Training-bund, 252, 253
Trans-andine railway, the, 270, 274
Trans-Baikal railway, 201
Trans-Continental railway—
First Canadian, 224–39
Proposed Australian, 189–93
United States, first, 59–75
Trans-Norwegian railway, 262
Trans-Siberian railway, 198–213, 293, 299, 300
Transvaal—
Cost of railways, 140
Negro labour, 283
Tremola River, 35
Trieste, 91, 92, 101
Trisanna Viaduct, 90
Tröllhätten, 262
—— Falls, 260
Tsumeb, 79, 85
Tuchili River, 286
Tugela Bridge, 155
Tupungato, 274
Turnagain Arm, 113
Two-foot gauge, 78
Uddevalla-Wenersborg-Herljunga railway, 260
Uganda, 160
Union Pacific railway, 63, 70, 171, 198
United Kingdom, mileage in 1870, 289
United States—
First trans-continental, 59–75
Mileage in 1870, 289
Railway interests, 112, 239, 295
Railways, 176, 185, 208
Upsallata Station, 273
Ural Mountains, 199, 201, 205, 213
Usakos, 86
Usamburu, 150
Usui Pass, 307
Valparaiso, 270
Vancouver, 107, 224
Vasquez, 174
Verrugas Bridge, 132–4, 136, 138
“Verrugas fever,” 133–5
Verrugas River, 132
Viaducts, overhanging principle, 257
Victoria, 176, 184
—— Bridge (Zambesi), 142–4, 157
—— Desert, 190
—— Falls, 142–4
—— Jubilee Bridge (St. Lawrence), 51–4
Vienna, 91, 93–4
Villa Bocage, 282, 287
Villach, 101
Vladivostok, 200, 201, 202, 211, 212
Vossevangen, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269
“V-switches,” 130–32, 180, 274
Wadi Haifa, 153
Waian timber trestle, the, 197
Wales, North, Toy railway, 76–87
Walkaway, 189
Walker, Messrs. C. H. & Co., 276
Wallula Pacific railway, 28
Wankie coalfield, 142
Wapata Mountain, 233
Wash-outs, 219–20
Wellington, 194
West Indies, 240
Westinghouse Electric Co., 56–7
White ants, 142, 284
White de luxe express, 158
White Horse, 104, 105, 108, 109, 110
—— Horse summit, 110
White Nile Bridge, 157–8
—— Pass, 105, 110, 111
—— Pass and Yukon line, 105–12
—— Pass summit, 110, 111
“White Tiger,” the, 289, 296
Whitton, John, 178–80
Whitworth & Co., Messrs., 200, 206
Wicklow, 22–23
Windhuk, 82
Wingatui Viaduct, 196–7
Winnipeg, 224
Wochenier Tunnel, 97–8
“Wooden flanges,” 46
Woosung, 290, 296
Wurzner Save Valley, 97
Yablonovoi Range, 209
Yamagata, Prince, 306
Yarmuk River, 122
Yellow fever, 215
Yellow Gorge. See Amarillo Gorge
—— River Bridge, 299
Yellowhead Pass, 230
Yellowstone River, 320
Yenisei Bridge, 204
—— River, 201, 204
Yokohama, 305
Yukon River, 104, 108
Yun-nan, 301–2
—— railway, 301–4
Yun-nan-Sen, 302
Zambesi River, 142, 147, 150, 281, 282
Zigzag grading, 177–81, 187, 219
—— the Great, 178–80
Zlatoost, 199, 202
Zyrkousounsk Mountain Chain, 206