[128] The date given is that of establishment of school. Date of establishment of Manual Training was not ascertained in these instances.

PRIVATE MANUAL-TRAINING SCHOOLS

Name
of
Institution		 Location Grade
of
Academic
Work		 Date
of
Estab-
lishment		 Teachers
of
Manual
Training		 Pupils
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology[129] Boston, Mass. High 1876 .. ..
Penn. School of Industrial Arts Philadelphia, Penn. High 1876 .. ..
Working-men’s School New York, N. Y. Grammar 1878 19 353
Miller Manual-labor School Crozet, Va. High 1878 .. 198
Washington University M. T. School St. Louis, Mo. High 1879 14 300
Girard College Philadelphia Penn. Gram. and High 1882 11 650
Chicago Manual-training School Chicago, Ill. High 1893 13 263
Hebrew Technical Institute New York, N. Y. Grammar 1883 11 254
M. T. School of Tulane University New Orleans, La. High 1884 6 114
H. Mann School and Teachers’ Coll. New York, N. Y. Primary to Coll. 1884 12 257
Haish Manual-training School Denver, Col. .. 1886 2 11
Pratt Institute Brooklyn, N. Y. High 1887 .. 125
H. S. Newcom Memorial College New Orleans, La. High and Coll. 1887 .. ..
Sloyd Manual-training School Boston, Mass. Normal 1889 3 104
Tyler School Providence, R. I. Gram. and High 1890 6 330
Jewish Training School Chicago, Ill. Prim. and Gram. 1890 27 700
National University Chicago, Ill. .. 1890 5 500
Miss Sayer’s School Newport, R. I. Gram. and High 1891 2 20
Swedenborgian School Waltham, Mass. Grammar 1891 1 60
Thorp Polytechnic Institute Pasadena, Cal. Gram. to Coll. 1892 8 300
Friends’ Select School Philadelphia, Penn. High 1892 .. 123
Providence Training School for Sloyd Providence, R. I. Normal 1893 1 49
Plainfield Academy Plainfield, N. J. Prim. to High 1893 2 25
California School of Mechanical Arts San Francisco, Cal. High 1895 7 310
St. Andrew’s Rochester, N. Y. High 1895 1 60
Lewis Institute Chicago, Ill. High and Coll. 1896 10 200
Free Industrial School San Diego, Cal. Gram. and High 1896 2 80
Commons Manual-training School Chicago, Ill. Grammar 1896 1 40
Hull House Manual-training School Chicago, Ill. Gram. and High 1897 2 70
Elmwood School Buffalo, N. Y. .. .. .. ..
Franklin School Buffalo, N. Y. .. .. .. ..
Lasell Seminary Auburndale, Mass. .. .. .. ..
Talladega College Talladega, Ala. .. .. .. ..
Kenilworth Academy Kenilworth, Ill. .. .. .. ..
Y. M. C. A. Manual-training Dep’t. Hartford, Conn. .. .. .. ..
Clark University Atlanta, Ga. .. .. .. ..
Private Manual-training Class Winnetka, Ill. .. .. .. ..

[129] The Massachusetts Institute of Technology was established in 1865; but in 1876 it adopted Manual Training as a system into all its grades, and thus became the first distinctive Manual-training School without prejudice to its high standing as an Institute of Technology.

MANUAL TRAINING IN PUBLIC NORMAL SCHOOLS

Name
of
School		 Location Manual
Training
Estab-
lished		 Teachers
of
Manual
Training		 Pupils
Taking
Manual
Training
Santee Normal Training School Santee Agency, Neb. 1870 12 72
Cook County Normal School[130] Chicago, Ill. 1883 .. 450
State Normal School Whitewater, Wis. 1883 2 100
State Normal Training School New Britain, Conn. 1884 5 253
Industrial Institute and College Columbus, Miss. 1885 1 123
West Chester State Normal School West Chester, Penn. 1889 2 220
State Normal School San José, Cal. 1890 3 700
Georgia Normal and Industrial College Milledgeville, Ga. 1891 15 284
State Normal and Model School Trenton, N. J. 1891 1 225
State Female Normal School Farmville, Va. 1891 2 75
Normal College of New York New York, N. Y. 1892 12 257
Normal and Industrial School Greensboro, N. C. 1892 5 300
Keystone State Normal School Kutztown, Penn. 1892 2 106
State Normal School Framingham, Mass. 1893 1 25
Westfield Normal School Westfield, Mass. 1893 5 70
State Normal School Los Angeles, Cal. 1894 2 475
Alabama Normal College for Girls Livingston, Ala. .. 1 ..

[130] The Cook County (Illinois) Normal School was originally established as a private school. It is now the public training school for teachers in the public schools.

PRIVATE TRADE SCHOOLS AND INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY

Name
of
Institution		 Location Date
of
Estab-
lishment		 Teachers Pupils
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, N. Y. 1824 18 ..
Ohio Mechanics’ Institute Cincinnati, Ohio. 1828 .. 720
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston, Mass. 1865 6 222
Cornell University Ithaca, N. Y. 1865 36 599
Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, Mass. 1868 .. ..
Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, N. J. 1871 22 256
Lowell School of Practical Designing Boston, Mass. 1872 .. 65
Rhode Island School of Design Providence, R. I. 1878 .. 341
Chicago College of Horology Chicago, Ill. 1880 .. ..
Case School of Applied Sciences Cleveland, Ohio. 1881 11 ..
School of Ind. Art and Tech. Design for Women New York, N. Y. 1881 .. ..
New York Trade School New York, N. Y. 1881 26 556
Rose Polytechnic Institute Terre Haute, Ind. 1883 6 ..
[131]Textile Schools Philadelphia, Penn. 1883 .. 65
Milwaukee Cooking School Milwaukee, Wis. 1884 2 ..
Newark Technical School Newark, N. J. 1885 6 250
Technical School of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio. 1886 .. ..
Technical Drawing School Providence, R. I. 1887 .. ..
Cogswell Polytechnic School San Francisco, Cal. 1888 7 150
Institute for Artisans New York, N. Y. 1888 .. ..
Watchmakers’ Trade School La Porte, Ind. 1888 .. ..
Institute for Colored Youth Philadelphia, Penn. 1889 9 259
Master-Builders’ Mechanical School of Phil’a. Philadelphia, Penn. 1890 6 67
Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard Univ’ty Cambridge, Mass. 1891 3 64
Baron de Hirsch Trade School New York, N. Y. 1891 .. ..
[132]University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio. 1891 .. ..
Leland Stanford University Palo Alto, Cal. 1891 .. ..
Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades Williamson Schools, Pa. 1891 10 160
Springfield Industrial Institute Springfield, Mass. 1891 5 105
Drexel Institute Philadelphia, Penn. 1892 38 ..
Armour Institute Chicago, Ill. 1893 15 300
Mechanics’ Institute Rochester, N. Y. 1893 15 972
Private School of Carpentry Racine, Wis. 1896 1 30
Lafayette College Easton, Penn. .. .. ..
Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tenn. .. .. ..
Boston Normal School of Cookery Boston, Mass. .. .. ..

Note.—Private trade schools for teaching watch-making, some fifteen in number, are united, because no data was secured. Private cooking schools, dress-making schools, barber schools, etc., have within the last five years sprung up in various parts of the country. Some of these are of considerable importance, but most are small, and no effort has been made to secure reports from them.

[131] These schools are supported by both legislative appropriations and private endowments. They are not public schools in the usual sense of the term.

[132] The University of Cincinnati is supported by both public funds and private endowments. It is unique in this, that, although a university in its grade of work, it is essentially a part of the public-school system. The city collects a one-tenth mill tax annually for its benefit; and the university, including its technical and Manual-training course, is free to residents of the city. The necessary expenses, such as laboratory fees, are kept to the lowest possible limit; and every family in the municipality is entitled to educate its children in this thoroughly equipped university, practically without cost.

TECHNOLOGY IN PUBLIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF COLLEGIATE GRADE—EXCLUSIVE OF PURELY AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES

Institution Location Technical
Training
Estab-
lished		 Teachers Pupils
United States Naval Academy Annapolis, Md. 1845 .. ..
State Agricultural College Agricultural College, Mich. 1857 14 332
Maine State College Orono, Me. 1864 13 191
University of Vermont Burlington, Vt. 1865 11 119
Illinois University Urbana, Ill. 1868 .. ..
University of Minnesota Minnesota, Minn. 1869 9 159
University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tenn. 1869 6 150
University of Iowa Ames, Iowa. 1869 9 284
Kansas State Agricultural College Manhattan, Kan. 1873 20 530
Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio. 1873 9 373
University of California Berkeley, Cal. 1874 3 84
[133]Purdue University Lafayette, Ind. 1874 10 280
Agricultural and Mechanical College College Station, Tex. 1876 16 313
State Agricultural College Fort Collins, Col. 1879 2 137
Agricultural and Mechanical College Agricultural College, Miss. 1880 3 ..
Agricultural and Mechanical College Blacksburg, Va. 1880 18 190
Mechanical College of State University Baton Rouge, La. 1880 1 56
Storrs Agricultural College Storrs, Conn. 1881 4 145
Agricultural and Mechanical College Auburn, Ala. 1885 4 200
Arkansas Industrial University Fayetteville, Ark. 1885 7 150
Michigan Mining School Houghton, Mich. 1886 11 82
Agricultural College of South Dakota Brookings, S. D. 1887 11 160
Florida Agricultural College Lake City, Fla. 1888 2 62
Oregon State Agricultural College Corvallis, Ore. 1888 9 237
Agricultural College of Utah Logan, Utah. 1889 7 119
New Mexico College of Mechanical Arts Messilla Park, N. M. 1890 .. ..
University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich. 1890 5 ..
Delaware College Newark, Del. 1891 3 23
Agricultural and Mechanical Coll. of Kentucky Lexington, Ky. 1891 3 31
State University Columbia, Mo. 1891 2 145
College of Mining Rolla, Mo. 1891 7 225
University of Nebraska Lincoln, Neb. 1891 3 210
Nevada State University Reno, Nev. 1891 1 106
University of Wyoming Laramie, Wy. 1891 4 60
North Dakota Agricultural College Fargo, N. D. 1892 2 24
West Virginia University Morgantown, W. Va. 1892 5 79
Clemson Agricultural College Clemson College, S. C. 1893 9 635

[133] Purdue University is partially supported by endowment, but as it secures regular appropriations, it is here classified as a State University.

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN CHARITY SCHOOLS[134]

Name
of
School		 Location Industrial
Training
Estab-
lished		 Teachers
of
Industrial
Training		 Pupils
Taking
Industrial
Training
Baltimore Manual-labor School Arbutus, Md. 1841 2 60
Wilson Industrial School for Girls New York, N. Y. 1853 3 100
Industrial Home School Washington, D. C. 1867 6 60
McDonough School McDonough, Md. 1873 5 140
South End Industrial School Roxbury, Mass. 1884 21 313
Five Points House of Industry New York, N. Y. 1885 9 331
Indiana Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home Kingstown, Ind. 1885 7 80
Skyland Institute Blowing Rock, N. C. 1886 .. ..
Samuel Ready School for Female Orphans Baltimore, Md. 1887 3 60
Chicago Waifs’ Mission and Training School Chicago, Ill. 1888 3 30
Industrial School Association Brooklyn, N. Y. 1888 8 80
Kalamazoo Industrial School Kalamazoo, Mich. 1889 18 224
Industrial School of Rochester Rochester, N. Y. 1890 5 120
Industrial School for Boys Glenwood, Ill. 1890 .. 400
Jewish Orphan Asylum Cleveland, Ohio 1891 8 157
St. George’s Boys’ Industrial Trade School New York, N. Y. 1892 6 259
Boys’ Club in Carpentry Lynn, Mass. 1895 1 25
Polish Orphans’ Home Chicago, Ill. .. .. ..
Unity Church Manual-training School Chicago, Ill. .. .. ..
Iowa Orphans’ Home Davenport, Iowa. .. .. ..

[134] Industrial Training, rather than Manual Training, characterizes the Charity Schools, the central idea being to prepare the child for some occupation by which it can become self-supporting. As will be seen by the table, this idea found very early expression in the Manual-labor School at Arbutus, Maryland. The co-education of mind and hand, because of its equal, or greater, educational value, was not thought of in these charity institutions until recently, and cannot be said to obtain in any of them even now.

PROGRESS OF MANUAL TRAINING BY YEARS, IN CITIES

The following table shows growth by years, as represented by cities establishing Manual Training or Kindergartens in Public Schools. The number refers to cities adopting this feature of education in the years named.

High
Schools		 Grammar
Grades		 Primary
Grades		 Kinder-
gartens
Year Number
of
Cities		 Year Number
of
Cities		 Year Number
of
Cities		 Year Number
of
Cities
.. .. .. .. .. .. 1873 1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 1880 1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 1881 1
.. .. 1882 1 1882 2 1882 1
1883 2 1883 1 1883 0 1883 2
1884 1 1884 3 1884 1 1884 3
1885 5 1885 3 1885 0 1885 2
1886 5 1886 5 1886 3 1886 0
1887 4 1887 1 1887 0 1887 5
1888 6 1888 8 1888 5 1888 4
1889 8 1889 4 1889 3 1889 7
1890 7 1890 8 1890 2 1890 7
1891 10 1891 6 1891 4 1891 9
1892 7 1892 6 1892 4 1892 10
1893 5 1893 11 1893 6 1893 15
1894 7 1894 7 1894 4 1894 20
1895 8 1895 8 1895 1 1895 7
1896 15 1896 13 1896 5 1896 12
1897 8 1897 13 1897 5 1897 7
1898 2 1898 4 1898 1 1898 4
[135] 5 [135] 18 [135] 8 [135] 28

[135] Not reported.