The North Americans of Antiquity, by John T. Short

INDEX.

A.
Abbott, discoveries in New Jersey. 127–8;
view of Eskimo, 128.
Aboriginal painting of sun, 65;
trade, 98;
Rau on, 98.
Aborigines, American, 21.
Acolhuas, Nahua tribe, 256.
Agassiz on Floridian jaw-bone, 112;
on origin of nations, 158–9;
on physical life and nature, 158;
views of untenable, 159, 516.
Ages of stone and bronze in Mississippi valley, 27.
Age of trees on mounds, 104.
Agglutination in languages, 471.
Alabama mounds, 71–72.
Alaska, climate of, 511.
Aleutian islands, 509;
migration by, 509.
Alleghany Mts., boundary of Mound country, 58.
Alligator mound, 34.
Allighewi, 102.
Allouez, Father, on aboriginal copper, 92–3.
Al-Mamoun, state of learning during kalifate of, 132.
Altar mounds, 37;
Squier and Davis on, 83–87;
stratification of, 83–84;
Prof. Andrews on, 83, n. 1.
Alton, mounds at, 41.
Amaquemecan, Chichimec home, 248, 256.
American civilization (ancient) contrasted with that of Britons, 520.
“Bottom,” recent discoveries in, 43–44.
languages, number and variety of, 190;
instability of, 190.
race not unique, 165;
of old world origin, 201–2.
Anahuac, 249.
Analogies in geographical names, 497.
in religion, 459–68.
of ceremonial law, 463.
Scandanavian and Mexican, 464.
Hindoo and Mexican, 465.
Greek and Mexican, 466.
Egyptian and Mexican, 467.
Anchylosis (bony) observed in mound-builder remains, 184.
Ancient copper mines, 89–94.
Ancient forts of New York, 28;
of Lake Erie, 28;
Col. Whittlesey on, 28;
Dr. Foster on, 28.
Anderson’s, W. M., “Calendar Stone,” 70.
Andrews, E. B., explorations by, 55.
Antiquity of man, chap. ii;
testimony of geology, 102;
in Europe, 24, n. 1.
Antiquity of mounds, 101, 103, 104.
Red man, 22.
Antipodes, St. Augustine on, 132;
Aristarchus of Samos on, 132.
Apes, American group of, 194.
Ararat, Mt., 497.
the Mexican, 261–63.
Arch, pueblo, 292.
Architecture, analogies in, real and fancied, 339.
Maya, 340–55.
classification of styles, 340.
Palenque, 340;
Yucatan style, 346;
Uxmal, 347.
Kabah, 352;
Zayi, 353;
Labná, 354.
Quiché, 355–59.
Nahua, 359–83;
Mitla, 360–64.
Maya and Nahua compared, 381.
Architectural progress in mound works, 79–80.
Argyll, Duke of, on Negroid type, 197.
Art, unity of style in savage, 196.
high order at Palenque, 389, 392;
at Uxmal, 393, 395;
at Copan, 404.
Palenque and Egyptian compared, 418.
Astronomical knowledge of Aztecs, 455.
Mound-builders, 94–6.
Atlantic Ocean, floor of, 502, 505.
submerged land ridge of, 503.
mean depths of, 502.
sea-board, changes in level of, 504.
continent, 505.
Atlantis, Platonic, tradition of, 142, 498–505.
Brasseur de Bourbourg on, 498–500.
Legends of from Popol Vuh and Codex Chimalpopoca, 499.
Retzius on, 500;
Unger, 501;
Heer, 501.
Atolls of the Pacific, 507;
Dana and Le Conte on, 507–8.
Atoyac, Mexican river, 234.
Autochthones, mound-builders not, 97.
Autochthon, the American an, 192.
Autochthonic origin of Americans, 155.
Axayacatl, Mexican king, 452.
Azores, volcanic character of, 503.
Aztec calendar, 446–59;
year, 447;
months, 447;
weeks and days, 448;
inter-calation, 448;
Ritual year, 449, 455;
Lords of night, 449.
Stone, 450;
lunar reckoning, 455.
chronology, 458.
Aztec language, richness of, 471, 480, 481;
extent of, 480, 492.
the classic tongue, 480;
ancient and modern, 481.
grammar, 481–85;
Lord’s prayer in, 485.
traces of north of Mexico, 486–90, 491.
elements in Nootka languages, 491.
Aztec picture-writing, 428–33.
Aztec springs, 300, 324–26;
Aztec-Sonora languages, 487–8.
“Aztec theory,” the, 331.
Aztecs, migrations of, 259–263;
date of, 259;
stations, 260–61;
southern origin of considered, 266, n. 1.
Aztlan, Nahua home, 257–9, 518;
location of, 257–9, 264–65.
description of by Duran, 258.
Aztlan, Wis., mound works at, 36.
B.
Babel myths, 140;
tower of, 205;
Cholula, 235–37.
Bacab myth, 465.
Balam-Agab, Quiché progenitor, 214.
Balam-Quitzé, Quiché progenitor, 214.
Baldwin, J. D., on mounds of North-west, 31, 32.
Bancroft, H. H., on Hue hue Tlapalan, 251–53.
resumé of Toltec annals by, 255.
observations on Cox-cox myth, 263.
on Maya chronology, 438.
on Aztec language, 476, n. 2.
Baptism, Mexican, 462.
Barber, E. A., 305.
Barrandt on Dakota mounds, 31.
Basque and Maya languages compared, 476;
Dr. Farrar on, 476, n. 2.
Bartlett’s exploration of Casas Grandes, 276–83.
Bayou St. John, earthworks on, 76.
Beard mound, 56.
Bearded men at Chichen-Itza, 401.
Beau Relief in Stucco, 388.
Becker, J. H., on traditions of Nahua Mound-builders, 102, n.;
on ancient home of Nahuas, 248;
on Toltec migration, 248–50.
Behring’s Straits, Bancroft’s remarks on, 147.
width and depth of, 510;
Lyell and Herschel on, 510;
Hellwald on migration by, 511;
Dall, W. H., on migration via, 512, n. 1.
Berthoud, E. L., stone implements collected by, 124.
Big Harpeth valley works, 60–65.
Blake, J. H., collection of Peruvian skulls by, 176–7.
Bollaert’s interpretation of hieroglyphics, 425.
Books used by Mayas, 420.
by Aztecs, 428.
Bourbeuse River, mastodon discovered at, 116.
Brasseur de Bourbourg, estimate of by Bancroft, 142, n. 1.
on the Platonic Atlantis, 142, 498–500;
on Igh and Imox, 205, n. 1;
on Maya hieroglyphics, 421–25;
on religious analogies, 467–8;
on Scandinavian and Maya languages, 476.
Brachycephalic crania classified, 162–3.
Brazil, accidental discovery of by Cabral, 506.
Brentwood, Tenn., stones graves at, 60.
Brick, sun-dried, from mounds, 72–75.
Brinton, Dr., phonetic alphabet, 427;
Buddha and Quetzalcoatl compared by, 466.
Brown, Thos., mounds of, 63–4.
Browne, Ross, explorations by, 282–3.
Buckle, on learning in Spain, 133, n. 2.
Buddhist missionaries in America, 148–50.
Burial, “intrusive” in mounds, 85;
ceremony, 40;
in stone coffins, 60;
vase from Mexico, 410.
Butler, J. W., on Chaac-Mol, 399.
Buschmann’s researches on American languages, 487–88.
Sonora family, 487;
on Aztec element in Nootka language, 491.
C.
Cabots, 22.
Cabral, discovery of Brazil by, 506.
Cabrera on the origin of the Votanites, 208–9;
on Votanic document, 207.
Cahita, language of New Mexico, 487.
Cahokia mound, 41.
Calapooya language, traces of Aztec in, 490.
Calaveras Co. (Cal.) cranium, 125;
views of Whitney, Wyman and others on, 125.
Calendar systems, mound-builder, 40.
Maya, 435–45;
days, 436;
months, 437;
the Katun, 439–40;
Ahau Katun, 441;
succession of, 442.
Nahua or Mexican, its construction, 243, 446–59;
perfection of, 519;
year, 447;
days and weeks, 448;
inter-calation, 448;
Ritual year, 449;
lords of night, 449;
Calendar Stone, 408–9;
interpreted by Gama, Chevero and Valentini, 450–58;
history, 452–3, 457.
California, traces of antiquity of man in, 125.
California languages and their affinities to Chinese, 495;
Japanese, 496.
Canals constructed by Mound-builders, 98–100.
Caras or Carians ancient navigators, 507;
Brasseur on, 507.
Carr’s Measurements of Crania, 173;
on low-type mound crania, 174.
Carter, 22;
Carter, Dr. J. Van A., on stone implements, 24, n. 1.
Carthaginian colonization of America, 145–6
Cara Gigantesca, 404.
Casa del Ecó, 312.
Gobernador (Uxmal), 347–50.
Grande of Zayi, 353.
de Monjas, sculptures of, 394.
Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, 276;
Aztec station at, 277.
of the Gila, 284.
Cataclysm, traditions of a, 499.
Cave explorations, 26.
dwellings, 292–311, 313.
village of Rio Chelley, 313.
shelters of San Juan, 319.
fortresses of Rio Mancos, 320.
Ceacatl Quetzalcoatl, Toltec king, 272.
Cemetery, aboriginal, 65.
Centennial Report of Ohio Arch. Asso., 82.
Centla, pyramid of, 365–6.
Cephalic index of crania, 160.
Ceremonial law, analysis of, 463.
Chaac-Mol, statue of, 397–400.
Chaco Valley, ruined pueblo in, 291;
peculiarity of architecture, 292.
Chalcas, Nahua tribe, 256.
Chalco, lake, 264.
Challenger, voyage of, 502;
“Challenger plateau,” 502–3.
Chalcatzin, Toltec chief, 244.
Chamber, interior in mound, 75.
Chanes, ancient races, 206.
Charencey, 425.
Chelly Cañon, antiquities of, 293;
cave-village of, 313–14;
house in, 315.
Chevero, interpretation of Mexican Calendar Stone by, 450–2.
Chiapan architecture, 340.
Chiapas, ancient civilization of, 203.
Chichen-Itza, antiquities of, 353–5, 397–403;
mural paintings at, 401.
Chichilticale, “red house,” 281.
Chichimecs, Mexican nation, 243;
dynasty of, 254;
language of, 255, 480;
Pimentel on, 255–6.
Chicomoztoc (Chichimostoc) Nahua home, 256–7;
identical with “seven caves,” 261, n.; 264–66.
Chihuahua, Casas Grandes of, 275;
original descriptions of, 276;
material and dimensions of, 276–77.
Children’s graves in Tennessee, 66–8.
Chimalhuacan, Toltec station, 245.
Chinook language, traces of Aztec in, 490, n. 3.
Cholula pyramid, 235;
not related to a flood, 235, 237;
origin according to Duran, 236, 368–70.
Christ myth in Yucatan, 231, 464.
Christy collection, Mosaic knife from, 412.
Chinese colonization of America, 148.
Chronology, accepted faulty, 199, 200;
Duke of Argyll on, 200.
Maya, 435–45;
adjusted to ours, 443–45.
Cibola, seven cities of, 288.
Cincinnati mound-works. 44–6;
tablet, 44–6.
Circumcision, 463.
Cists, stone, 60.
Civilization, American contrasted with that of ancient Britons, 520.
Clallam and Lummi languages, Aztec element in, 490.
Clarke, Robert, on Cincinnati Tablet, 44–6.
on Morgan’s Pueblo theory, 55, n. 2.
Classification of crania, 160–3.
of mound-works by Squier and Davis, and Foster, 81.
of mound relics by Rau, 82, n. 1.
Clavigero, views on origin of Americans, 140, n. 1.
on first colonists of America, 204.
Cliff-dwellers, 293;
their traditional history, 302.
Cliff-dwellings of the Mancos Cañon, 298–99, 319.
McElmo Cañon, 302.
Hovenweep, 305–7.
San Juan, 307, 308, 319.
and Rock Shelters on San Juan, 309.
house of Chelly Cañon, 315.
in Montezuma Cañon, 316.
Cloth from mounds, 37, 43.
Coast level, elevation and depression of, 405.
Coffins, stone, 60.
Columbus, 22;
stern-post of ship seen by, 506.
Colonists, first in Mexico, 242.
Color, variety in human races, 197, 198;
Darwin on origin of, 199.
Color of ancient Americans, 189;
Pritchard on, 189, n. 2.
Colorado River, ruins in Grand Cañon of, 285.
Major Powell’s exploration, 285–87.
Colorado Chiquito, antiquities of, 287.
Columbia River languages, 492.
Conant, A. J., explorations by, 76, 77;
on ancient canals, 98, 100.
Conflict of science and dogmatism, 131.
Confusion of tongues, 238.
Connett mound, 56.
Conquest of Xibalba, 222–5.
Copan, 221;
ruins of, 356–59;
sculpture of, 404–5.
Copper in mounds, 85;
ancient mines of, 89–94;
theory of Mexican supply, 93, 493.
relics from Wisconsin, 99.
Cora language and its relation to Aztec, 486–7.
Cosmogonic egg, 416, 419, 465.
Coronado’s journey to New Mexico, 281, n. 1.
Cox, Prof., discoveries cited, 75.
Cox-cox, Mexican Noah, 262, n. 1.
Cox-cox, Bancroft’s observations on, 263, 454.
Crania Americana, measurements of, classified, 161–3.
Cranial measurements, 159–60.
Crania from mounds, testimony of, 105–6.
River Rogue, 167;
measurements by Gillman, 168.
Davenport, Farquharson’s measurements, 169–70;
from Ohio, 170;
from Kentucky, 171;
from Tennessee, 171;
comparison, 174;
compression of common, 178, 184;
among Chinooks, 182;
among other American tribes, 183.
Cranium, low type, discovered by Conant, 174.
Cremation probable, 85.
Cristone of McElmo Cañon, 301.
Cross, subterranean temple of, 363.
Tablet of, 390.
Cruciform works at Trenton, Wis., 35.
Crux Ansata at Palenque, 416–17.
Cukulcan culture hero, 230–31, 272, 394, 457.
Culhuacan, 226.
Culhuas (Nahuas) sometimes applied to Mayas, 209.
Curtiss, Ed., explorations by, 65.
D.
Dablon, Father, on aboriginal use of copper, 92–3.
Dakota mounds, 31, n. 2.
Dall, W. H., on migration by Behring’s Straits, 512, n. 1.
Dana, J. D., review of Dr. Koch’s discoveries, 120.
Darwin on old world origin of Americans, 194.
Davenport Academy, explorations conducted by, 37–40.
Davenport Tablet, 38, 40.
Davenport mound crania, 169–70.
elephant pipe, Appendix B.
Days, Maya, 436–38.
Deguignes, 148.
Deluge myths, Mexican, 262–3, notes.
Tezpi, 263, n.;
Analogies, 460.
Development of American Race (see Evolution).
Dickson, Dr., examination of “Mammoth Ravine” by, 113–14.
Diseases of Mound-builders, 184.
Dogmatism and science, 131.
Dolechocephalic crania classified, 161.
“Dolphin Rise,” the, 501.
Domenech, Abbé, note on works, 139, n. 4.
Dowler, Dr., skeleton discovered by, 123;
estimate of antiquity, 123.
Drake, account of works at Cincinnati by, 44.
Drift (modified), fossil from, 121.
Dwellings of Mound-builders, 67.
E.
Earth, globular form discovered, 133.
Echevarria y Veitia on the origin of the Americans, 138.
Eckstein, Baron de, on the Caras, 507.
Eden, Mexican analogies with, 460.
Edificios de Quemada, 379.
Education of Aztec children, 432.
Effigy mounds of Wisconsin, 33–36;
of Ohio, 34;
of Georgia, 35.
Egypt and Teotihuacan compared, 383.
Egyptian influence on American civilization, 147.
Egyptian painting, 197.
Egyptian Tau at Palenque, 416.
El Castillo, pyramid, 366.
Elephant mound. 35–6;
“Trunk,” 385, 395;
pipe, 530.
El Moro, ruins on, 290.
Elyria cave, Whittlesey on, 26.
Engleman, Dr. J. G., 43.
Enoch, H. R., discovery by, 44.
Epsom Creek, antiquities of, 315;
elevated tower on, 316.
Eric the Red, 153.
Ericson, 32.
Eskimo, the first occupants of America, 512.
Estufa (Pueblo sanctuary), 292;
entrance peculiar, 322.
Etowah valley mounds, 72.
Europe, antiquity of man in, 24, n. 1.
Evolution, origin of the Americans by, 191;
views of Hellwald on, 191;
regarded improbable by Hæckel and Darwin, 195.
F.
Fanaticism of early writers on America, 133.
Farquharson, Dr., reports by, 38.
Farrar, Dr. W., on American language, 470.
Feathered Serpent (Quetzalcoatl, Gucumatz Cukulcan), 272, 394, 457.
Festival of the Mexican Cycle, 456.
Flood myths of the Mexicans, 262, n. 1, 499;
of Pueblos, 335–6.
Floors of burnt clay, 66.
Florida, ancient home of Mayas, 517.
Floridian jaw-bone, Agassiz and Pourtales on, 112–13.
Fontaine, Mr., on Tennessee valley mounds, 71.
Forchhammer on Indian languages, 496.
Forest growth on mounds, 104.
Forshey, Prof. C. G., on southern mounds, 77–79.
Fort Ancient, 51;
Judges Dunlevy and Force on, 51, 52.
Fortifications (ancient) in New York, on the Lakes, and in Butler Co., Ohio, 50;
in Miami valley, 51, 75.
Foster’s Pre-historic Races, importance of, 100, n. 2.
Foster, Dr. J. W., on Cahokia mound, 42;
classification of mound-works by, 81;
on Indian traditions, 102;
on age of “New Orleans skeleton,” 124.
Fossil from drift, Jersey Co., Ill., 121;
Foster’s observations on, 121.
Fremont, Montezuma legend by, 334.
Frio, Cape, distance from Africa, 506.
Fuentes, description of Copan by, 356.
Funeral ceremony, 39, 40.
Fusang, 148–51;
views of Neuman on, 149;
Bretschneider, 150;
Klaproth, 150;
D’Eichthal, 151.
G.
Gama, Leon y, on Mexican Calendar Stone, 450–55.
Garcia on origin of Americans, 136–7.
Gardner, J. Starke, on Dolphin and Challenger ridges, 503.
Gass, Rev. J., discoveries of, 37, 40.
Gemelli Carreri, migration map of, 261–3.
Geometrical knowledge of Mound-builders, 49.
Geographical names, analogies in, 497.
Gest, Mr. E., 46.
Giants, race of, 232;
destruction of, 235.
Gila river, Casa Grande of, 279.
accounts of, 279;
ground plan of, 281.
view of, 283.
Gillman, Henry, explorations of, 29.
on crania from River Rogue, 167–8.
on crania from Chamber’s Island, 169.
Goazacoalco (various spellings) river and province, 251.
Gobernador, Casa del, 347–50.
Grammar of Maya language, 477–9.
Aztec language, 481–85.
Grave Creek mound, 87.
Gravier on Northmen, 153.
Gray, Asa, on American and European flora, 501;
on Asiatic flora, 513.
Graphic systems, see Hieroglyphics.
Great Serpent, mound-work, 34, 70.
Grecques at Mitla, 363.
Greek analogies of religion, 466.
Greek colonization of America, 146;
advocates of, 146.
Greek gods in Yucatan, 467.
Green County, Missouri, mound, 74.
Greenland, subsidence of coast, 504.
“Grimm’s Law,” 471–488.
Grote, Prof. A. R., observations on Eskimo, 128, 512.
Guatemalians, origin and flood myths of, 228–9.
Gucumatz, Quiché, deity, 213, 222, 226, 227.
search for maize by, 241, 272.
Gulf Stream, 505.
H.
Hacavitz, mountain and deity, 215–16.
Hæckel, on origin of Americans, 195.
Hair of ancient Americans, 186.
Hair-cloth from mounds, 43.
Hanno’s naval expeditions, 145.
Hands, prints of ancient cliff-dwellers, 312.
Haywood, mummies described by, 187.
Head-flattening, history of, 178–80;
practiced in America, 180–84;
Prof. Wilson on, 180;
among the Chinooks, 182;
among Mound-builders, 183.
Headlee, Dr., cited, 75, n.
Hearths (ancient) in Ohio valley, 122.
Helena, Missouri, sun-dried bricks at, 75.
Hellwald, F. von, and copper in Mexico, 93.
Herrera on origin of Americans, 137.
Heroic period of American history, 515.
Hieroglyphics, from the mounds, 419.
of cliff-dwellers, 420;
of Mayas, 420–28;
Landa’s key to, 223–25.
Mexican, 429–34.
Hill, S. W., on ancient copper mines, 91.
Hindoo and Mexican analogies, 465.
Hiram and Solomon’s fleet, 154.
Hitchcock, Prof. Ed., on age of Mississippi delta, 128.
Hivites, ancestors of Votanites, 208–9, n.
Hoei-Shin, report on Fusang, 148.
Holmes, W. H., explorations of, 297, 305, 317.
on Rio de la Plata, 318;
mound-works reported, 318;
discoveries on San Juan, 319.
in Mancos Cañon, 320–24.
Hooker, Sir Joseph, 43.
Hopetown works, 49.
Hosea, S. M., on sacrificial mounds, 74, n. 2.
Houses of Mound-builders, 67.
Hovenweep, ruined city of, 304;
niche stairway of, 306;
cliff-house of, 307.
Howland, H. R., discoveries by, in “American bottom,” 43–4.
Huastecs, Maya nation, 234.
Hueman (Huematzin), Toltec astrologer and leader, 245, 253.
Hue hue Tlapalan, ancient Nahua home, 238, 240, 248;
date of migration from, 240, 241, 244, 245, n., 458;
location of, 244, 518.
in Mississippi Valley, 253;
not in North-west, 253.
Huehuetan, in Chiapas. 206.
Huemac, Toltec king, 268.
Hueyxalan, Toltec station, 245.
Humboldt, William von, on Aztec language, 486.
Humphries and Abbott’s estimate of age of Mississippi delta, 124.
Hunahpu, Quiché, hero, 222;
exploits of, 222–3.
Hunab Ku (only god), 231.
Hunbatz, 223.
Hun Came, 222–24.
Hunchouen, 228.
Hunhunahpu, Quiché, chief, 222–3.
Hurakan, Quiché, deity, 212, 222, 226.
I.
Iaia, tradition of, 499, n.
Igh, one of the first colonists of Chiapas, 204.
Imox, one of the first colonists of Chiapas, 204.
Inca-bone, 173.
India and Mexico, religious analogies of, 465.
Indiana mounds, 57, n. 2.
Indigenous Americans, 155.
views of writers on, 156.
Infant burial in Tennessee, 60, 66.
Ingersoll, Mr., tradition of cliff-dwellers recorded by, 302–4.
Intercalary days, 445, 455.
Interglacial race, 512–516.
relics from Waynesville, Ohio, 126;
President Orton on, 126–7.
Interglacial man in New Jersey, 127–8.
Iqi-Balam, Quiché, deity, 214–15.
Irish colonists of America, 152.
Israel, lost tribes of in America, 135–6;
views of Duran on, 135;
Thorowgood, 136;
L’Estrange, 136;
Garcia, 137;
Pineda, 138;
Echevarria y Veitia and Kingsborough, 143.
Isle Royal, copper mines on, 91;
Henry Gillman 91, n. 1;
Foster on, 92–3;
Aboriginal use of copper, 92–3.
Issaquena County, Mississippi, mounds, 70;
Anderson’s Calendar Stone from, 70.
Ixtlilxochetl’s Relaciones, 240, 250.
J.
Jackson, W. H., discoveries by in the McElmo and Mancos cañons, 294.
in the Hovenweep, 305–7.
Janos river, antiquities of, 278.
Japanese and American affinities, 496.
colonization of America, 148.
Jaredites, colonists of America, 144.
Jaw-bone from Florida, Agassiz and Count Pourtales on, 112–13.
Jewish theory of colonization, 143.
Jewish and Mexican historical analogies, 461.
Jones, George, on Phœnician colonization of America, 146;
estimate of his work, 146, n. 2.
Jones, Prof. Joseph, Mound explorations in Tennessee, 171–3;
cranial measurements by, 172.
K.
Kabah, peculiarity of architecture at, 352.
Kamucu, Quiché national song, 217.
Kennebec valley mound, 28.
Kennon, Col., on Aleutian islands, 509.
Kentucky mound crania, 171.
Kinich-Kakmó, queen of Chichen-Itza, 400.
Kingsborough’s fancied analogies, 460–65.
Kitchens of the Mound-builders, 76.
Kitchen-middens, see Shell-heaps.
Knapp, S. O., discovery of ancient copper mines by, 89.
Koch, Dr., discoveries of, 116–121;
J. D. Dana on, 120–21;
Koch, valuable services of, 121, n. 2.
Kuro-suvo, or Japan current, 509.
L.
Labná, architecture of, 353.
Lake Superior copper mines, 90–92.
Lamnites, colonists of America, 144.
Landa’s Alphabet, 423–25.
Maya days and months, 436–7.
Languages (American), multiplicity of, 190, 469;
instability of, 493–4, n. 1.
survival of the fittest, 470.
the Maya-Quiché, 472;
classification of, 472;
stability of the Maya, 473.
the oldest American, 473;
Orozco y Berra on, 473, 493;
Maya-Quiché characteristics, 474;
Dr. Le Plongeon on, 474.
the Aztec, 479–90;
epitome of grammar, 481–85;
affinities to Asiatic, 495–96;
bearing on migrations, 486.
Lapham, Dr., survey of mound-works in Wisconsin, 34–5.
Lascarbot on origin of Americans, 137.
Las Casas, on origin of Guatemalians, 228.
on flood myth, 228;
on creation myth, 228, n.;
on Christ myth, 231.
Latham on Morton’s theories, 165, n.
Lautverschiebung, 471, 488.
Leather relic from mound, 56.
Le Conte, Prof., on changes of coast level, 504.
Legendary period of American history, level, 515.
Leidy, Prof. Joseph, on stone implements, 24.
L’Estrange on origin of Americans, 136.
Leroux, M., discoveries of, 284.
Le Plongeon, Dr., explorations in Yucatan, 396–403;
on Maya language, 474–77;
on analogies between Yucatan and Canary Islands, 500.
Liberty, Ohio, works at, 48.
Lief, Norse discoverer of America, 153.
Lord’s prayer in Maya, 479.
in Aztec, 485.
Louisiana mounds, 77–79.
Prof. C. G. Forshey on, 77;
pyramidal mounds, 78.
Low type crania from mounds, 174.
Lund, Dr., explorations by, 116.
Lyell, Sir Charles, on remains at Santos River, Brazil, 113;
observations on Natchez bone, 113–14;
on age of Mississippi delta, 123;
on New Orleans skeleton, 123.
M.
McElmo Cañon, cliff-dwellings of, 300, 302.
square tower in, 301;
triple-walled tower of, 224.
McGuire on antiquity of Red man, 27, n.
McKinley, William, mounds described by, 73.
Madisonville explorations, 523.
Mahucutah, Quiché progenitor, 214.
Maize, discovery of, 241.
Man, antiquity of in South America, 109–10, 129;
four creations of, 214.
Man’s influence on nature, 110–11;
measure of antiquity, 110;
Martius on, 111, n.;
Dr. Brinton on, 111;
Dr. Meigs on Santos River remains, 113.
Man of recent origin in America, 130;
Lubbock’s remarks on, 130;
Foster on, 130, n.
Manchester stone fort, 59.
Mancos Cañon, cliff-houses of, 294, 295, 298, 299;
watch-tower of, 296–97, 300;
cave-fortresses of, 320–24.
Manuscripts of Mayas, 421.
Troano MS, 422.
of Mexicans, 429;
Mendoza Codex, 431–33.
Maps, Aztec migration, 261–63.
Marietta mounds, 54.
Marsh, Prof. O. C., exploration by, 87–9.
Mastodon discovered by Dr. Koch, 116–18.
Mayas, traditional origin of, chap. v.;
earliest home, 210;
venerable civilization, 519;
architecture of, 340–55;
sculpture, 384–403;
compared to Egyptian, 415;
calendar of, 435–45;
Katun or Cycle, 439–40;
Ahau Katun, 442;
intercalary days, 445;
system adjusted to our chronology, 443–45;
observations of Landa, Perez, Bancroft and Delaport on, 443–45.
Maya-Quiché languages classified, 472;
stability of, 473;
antiquity of, 474–5.
Maya Grammar, 477–79;
Maya, Lord’s prayer in, 479.
Maya and Hebrew compared, 475.
compared to Scandinavian languages, 476.
compared to the Basque, 476;
to West African languages, 477.
Maya writing, see Hieroglyphics.
Mazatepec, Toltec station, 246.
Mecitl (or Mixi), Aztec leader, 259.
Meigs on mean of Indian cranium, 167.
Melgar on two idols near Mexico, 416;
on Maya language, 475.
Menominees, “White Indiana,” 189.
Mexican baptism, 462–3;
crania, 175.
Calendar, divisions of time, 446;
the Cycle, 446;
festival of, 456;
months, 447;
New Year, 447.
Calendar Stone, 450;
its interpreters, 450;
dates furnished by, 458;
Lunar reckoning, 455.
Mexican language, see Aztec language.
Mexico, pyramid of, 374;
sculpture from, 408–11;
vases from, 410;
vases in the United States National Museum, 413–415.
Miami Valley, aboriginal cemetery in, 523.
Miamisburgh mound, 52.
Mica, use of by Mound-builders, 98.
Michigan mounds, 29.
Migration, the first to America, 512.
conditions favorable in North-west, 513.
Becker on, 513–14.
of the Quichés, 215.
of the Tolteca, 244–251.
of the Aztecs, 259–63;
of Tarascos, 261.
Migration map of Boturini, 433.
of Gemelli Carreri, 261–63, 483.
Gemelli interpreted by Ramirez, 262.
Minas Geraes, caves of, 116.
Mississippi delta, age of, 122–24;
estimate by Lyell, 122;
by Dr. Dowler, 123;
by Dr. Hitchcock, 123;
by Humphries and Abbott, 123.
Mississippi mounds, 69–70, 71.
Mitchell, Dr. A., explorations cited, 73.
Mitla, antiquities of, 361–62.
Mizteco-Zapotec languages, 479.
Miztecs, Mexican tribe. 234.
Mongol colonization of America, 151.
Monjas, Casa de, 350.
Montezuma Cañon, cliff-dwellings of, 316.
Montezuma, culture-hero, 333;
legend of his birth, 334;
legend concerning by Papagoes chief, 334;
Montezuma II., Mexican emperor, 453;
languages of his empire, 480.
Months, Maya, 437–39.
Monosyllabism, 495.
Moqui towns, Becker on origin, 332;
name, 332;
Lieutenant Ives’ description of, 326–30;
pottery, 327;
interior of dwellings, 328.
Moqui language, Aztec traces in, 489.
Mooshahueh, Moqui town, 328.
Morgan, L. H., Pueblo theory of, 55;
Robert Clarke on, 53, n.
Mormon colonisation of America, 144;
Bancroft on, 144.
Morton, Dr., classification of American races by, 157–59;
table of cranial measurements by, 158, n. 1;
views untenable, 159–165, 516;
measurements of Crania Americana classified, 161–63.
Moody, J., on Rockford Tablet, 44.
Moss, Captain, 302.
Mosaics at Mitla, 362–3.
Mosaic knife, 412.
Mosaic deluge, Mexican analogies with, 460.
Mound-builders, geographical distribution of works, 27;
Mica mines of, 28;
copper mines of, 92–94.
no tradition of, 102–3;
Mound-builders and Indians distinct, 65.
language of, 492;
diseases of, 184.
Mound-works at St. Clair river, 30;
in British Columbia, 30;
in Oregon, 31;
Bonhomme’s island, 31;
Missouri valley, 31, 33;
on Butte prairies, 31, n. 1;
in Dakota, 31, n. 2;
in Wisconsin, 33;
at Davenport, 37;
heart of country, 40;
St. Louis and American bottom, 41;
in Ohio, 48;
at Newark, 53–55;
in Wabash valley, 57, n. 2;
in Tennessee, 58–68;
in North and South Carolina, 67;
in Mississippi, 67;
in Alabama, 71;
in Georgia, 72, 73;
in Missouri, 74–77;
in Louisiana, 77–79;
in Texas, 78;
antiquity of, 101;
abandonment, 101–5, 458–9;
age of vegetation on, 104;
of Mancos Cañon, 294;
in Vera Paz, 359;
in Tehuantepec, 360;
in Vera Cruz, 364.
Mound crania, condition of a measure of antiquity, 105–6;
typical mound skull, 166.
Mound sculptures, 187–9.
Mugeres Isla, statue from, 403.
Müller, Max, 471.
Mummies from Peru, 186.
from Tennessee, 187.
Mural paintings at Chichen-Itza, 401.
N.
Nachan, “city of serpents,” 205.
Nahua architecture, 359–83.
sculpture, 406–15.
Nahua Calendar, 445–459.
writers on, 445, n. 3.
analogies with calendars of Asia and Egypt, 459.
Nahua language, see Aztec language.
ancient and modern, 480, 481, 486, 493–4, n. 1.
elements of in language of North-west, 491.
the probable language of Mound-builders, 492.
spoken in Florida, 493;
analogies to, 494.
Nahua nations, origin of, 232.
predecessors of in Mexico, 232.
chronology of according to Codex Chimalpopoca and Popol Vuh, 241, 250.
their arrival at Panuco, 242.
extent of territory in Mexico, 248.
migrations of, 244, 251, 517.
southern origin considered, 252.
Nahuatlacas, seven Nahua tribes, 256–9.
Najera on the Otomi and the Chinese, 494–5.
Nashville, Tenn., mounds near, 62, 65, 67.
Natchez pelvic bone, discovered by Dr. Dickson, 113.
Lyell’s observations on, 113–14.
Foster’s observations on, 114, n. 4.
Negroid type, ancient, 197.
Nemontemi, Aztec intercalary days, 455.
Neolithic age in America, 23.
Nephites, colonists of America, 144.
Newark, Ohio, works at, 53–55.
New Jersey, traces of inter-glacial man in, 127–8.
New Madrid, Missouri, great mound near, 75–76.
New Orleans, ancient skeleton discovered at, 123.
New York, ancient forts of, 28.
Nezahualcoyoth, King of Tezcuco, poems of, 470.
Niche stairway, 315.
Nootkas, Aztec traces among, 486.
Norse discovery of America, 153.
North-west, antiquity of man in, 128–9.
Nott and Gliddon on the origin of nations, 159.
O.
Oajaca, antiquities of, 360–64.
languages of, 479.
Observations on places of sanctuary, 80.
Obsidian in mounds, 85.
Occupancy of Mississippi valley by Mound-builders, 106.
Ocean currents, 505.
Ococingo, ancient city in Chiapas, 211.
site of, 226.
Ohio Archæological Society report, 82, n. 1.
Ohio mound crania, 170–1.
Ohio mound-works, 47.
estimated number of, 48.
Ojo del Pescado, ruins at, 289.
Oldtown art, 64.
Oldtown, Tennessee, mounds, 61–3.
Olmecs, First Nahuas, 232–4, 518.
destroy the giants, 235.
build Chohila, 235, 248, 264.
Opata-Tarahumar-Pima family of languages, 488.
Ophir, 145.
Oraybe, Moqui town, 330.
Ordoñez, history of, 207.
Oregon, traces of Aztec in, 490.
Origin of the Americans, Autochthonic, 192 et seq.
Origin of Americans reviewed, 516.
Origin of Ancient Americans, 134, 153.
views of Duran, 135;
L’Estrange, 136;
Thorowgood, 136;
Garcia, 136–7;
Herrera, 137;
Torquemada, 137;
Pineda, 138;
Echevarria y Veitia, 138;
Ulloa, 139;
Domenech, 139;
Clavigero, 139.
Bancroft’s summary of views cited, 139;
views of modern authors, 201–2, notes;
of old world origin, 202.
Origin of the Nahuas, according to Sahagun, 242.
Origin tradition of Mayas, 204.
of Quichés, 211–12.
Orton, President Edward, on inter-glacial relics in Ohio, 126–7.
Otomi language compared to Chinese, 494–5.
Oztotlan, home of Aztecs, 248.
P.
Pacific Continent, 508.
Page, J. R., explorations by, 67.
Painted desert, 332.
Painting practised by Mound-builders, 65.
Palæolithic age in America, 23.
Palenque art compared with Egyptian, 418.
Palenque, centre of the earliest American civilization, 204, 208–9.
Palenque, situation, 340;
antiquities, 340;
palace, 342;
architectural features of, 343;
Tau at, 343;
roofs, 344;
arch, 345–6;
tower, 345;
sculpture at, 384–92;
statue, 391.
Panuco (Panco, Panutla or Panoaia, Pantlan) Mexican port, 242.
Papantla, pyramid of, 367.
Patton, Dr., on Indiana mounds, 57, n. 2.
Pecos, New Mexico Pueblo, 331.
Pentateuch, true chronology of, 199.
Peresianus Codex, 427.
Peruvian crania, 175.
Petit Anse Island, remains from, 115.
Foster’s observations on, 115.
Hilgard and Fontaine’s report on, 115.
Physiognomy of ancient Americans, 186.
Phœnician colonization of America, 145–6.
George Jones on, 145–6.
Picture-writing of Aztecs, 428–33;
specimen from Codex Mendoza, 431–2.
Pimentel on Chichimec language, 255.
Pimentel’s classification of Maya languages, 472;
epitome of Aztec Grammar from, 482–83.
Pineda on origin of Americans, 138.
Plastered room in mound, 75
Platycnemism, 183;
Gillman’s discoveries of, 185, n. 2.
Plato’s Atlantis, tradition of, 142.
Polynesia, ancient empire of, 508.
Baldwin on, 508.
Polysynthesis, a law of American language, 471.
Pomme-de-Terre River, Dr. Koch’s discoveries at, 118–19.
Pontonchan, 234.
Popol Vuh (national book of the Quichés), 212, n. 2.
second division of, 221.
Pottery from the cliff-houses, 327.
Powell, Major J. W., explorations, 285–287.
Pratt, W. H., explorations by, 42, n. 2.
Pre-Columbian colonization, views on, 141–154.
Progress, architectural, in mound-works, 79–80.
Prophecy, analogies of, 464.
Ptolemy cited, 497.
Pueblo civilization, extent of, 283.
architecture, chap. vii.
transition in style, 284.
Pueblos of New Mexico, 330–1.
in ruins, 331.
Pueblo Pintado, 291.
Pueblos, the, and Aztecs, 331,
and mound-builders, 332;
architecture and remains compared, 333;
creation and flood and Babel myths of, 335–6.
Puente Nacional, pyramid at, 365.
Putnam, F. W., explorations by, 57, 65, 67.
explorations in Tennessee, 173.
Pyramid, the American, 341.
structure according to Bancroft, 341.
of Tehuantepec, 360.
of Puento Nacional, 365.
of Centla, 366.
of El Castillo, 366.
of Tusipan, 367.
of Papantla, 367.
of Cholula, 368.
of Xochicalco, 370–73.
of Mexico, 374.
of Teotihuacan, 375–9.
Q.
Quemada, Los edificios of, 379–81.
Quiché architecture, 355–9.
Quiché-Cakchiquel languages, 476.
Quinames (Quinametin), 282;
first inhabitants of Mexico, 245;
their destruction, 233.
Quiché poetry, 515.
Quichés reputed to be Carthaginians, 226.
Quichés, Maya nation, 211;
origin tradition, 211–12;
creation myth, 213;
creations of men, 214;
migrations, 215;
deities of, turned to stone, 216;
heroic age of, 220.
Quetzalcoatl, culture hero, 219, 237;
traditions of, 267–71;
from Hue hue Tlapalan, 267;
priest and God of Toltecs, 268;
habits, 268;
author of letters and Mexican calendar, 268;
his enemy, 269;
departure from Tulla, 270;
reign at Cholula, 270;
departure to the East, 271;
expectation of his return, 271;
origin of legends concerning him, 272, 394, 457;
nationality, 464;
positive morality, 515;
discovery of maize, 242.
Quiyahuitztlan, Anahuac, Toltec station, 245.
R.
“Raised Beeches,” discovered by Alexander Agassiz, 504.
Ramirez, on Aztec migration map, 263.
Rau, Charles, on Mexican copper mining, 94, n. 2.
on aboriginal trade, 98.
Red Man, antiquity of, 22;
traditions, 22.
Read, M. C., on Grave Creek Tablet cited, 87, n.
Religious analogies, 459–68.
Religion of the Quichés, 212.
a war of, 226.
Remains at Santos River, Brazil, Lyell and Meigs on antiquity of, 113.
Reviellagigedo, viceroy to Mexico, 453.
Report of Ohio Archæological Society, 82, n. 1.
Retzius, on Morton’s measurements, 165.
on Mexican crania, 175, n.
River Rouge mound, 29.
crania from, 167–8.
River Terraces, mound-works on, 103.
Mr. Baldwin’s views, 103.
Foster’s view, 104. n. 1.
Rock shelters in San Juan Cañon, 309.
in Montezuma Cañon, 316.
“Rockford Tablet,” 44.
Room plastered in mound, 75.
Rosny, M. Leon de, essay by, 425–26.
key to hieratic writings of Mayas, 427.
Ross County (Ohio) works, 48.
Roque, Father, observations on Aztec, 486.
Russell, G. P., explorations by, 87–89.
S.
Sabine worship, 40–85.
Sacrifices, human, 273, 452–53.
Sacrificial mounds, 83–6;
stratified according to Squier and Davis, 84;
stratification denied by Prof. Andrews, 83.
Sacrifices, probably human, 39.
Sahagun’s account of the first Nahuas, 240–6.
Salado Rio, antiquities of, 283.
Salinas River, 283.
Sadelmair, discoveries of, 283.
Salisbury, Stephen, cited, 396–401.
Salish family of languages, Aztec element in, 492.
Sanctuary, places of, 80.
Sandals of Chaac-Mol, 398.
San Juan Cañon, cliff-dwellings of, 307.
Echo Cave in, 310–11.
San Miguel Valley, antiquities of, 275–7.
Savage Art, unity in style of, 196.
Scandinavian and Mexican analogies, 466.
discovery of America, 22, 153;
Prof. Rafn on, 153.
Schools of Tezcuco, 481.
Sculpture, from mounds, 382;
at Palenque, 384–92;
Uxmal, 393–95;
Chichen-Itza, 398–403;
Copan, 405;
Monte Alban, 406;
at Tusapan, 407;
Xochicalco, 408;
at Mexico, 409–10.
Sculptures from the mounds, 187–9.
Seltzertown pyramidal mound, 72.
Separate creation theory, Morton and Agassiz’s views of, 157–9;
groundless, 191.
Sepulture, mounds of, 86–88.
“Serpents,” kingdom of, 222.
Serpent Temple, 394;
symbol, 419, 272;
Serpent-work, Adams county, Ohio, 34.
“Seven Caves,” 215, 219, 248, 264–66.
Shaler, Prof., on Dr. Abbott’s discoveries, 128.
Shell-heaps on Atlantic sea-board, 28, 106–7.
fresh-water of, 107–9;
in Florida, 107.
Prof. Wyman on, 106–8;
Dr. Brinton on, 107;
on Pacific coast, 109;
examination by Paul Schumacher, 109.
Shoshone-Comanche languages, 489;
Aztec elements in, 492.
Signal Systems of the Mound-builders, 52.
on Great Miami River, 52.
Squier and Davis on, 53.
Skrellings, 22.
Sorcery practised upon Xibalban kings, 225.
Spain’s state of learning in 17th century, 133, n. 2.
Squier and Davis, estimate of number of mound-works in Ohio, 48;
classification of mound-works by, 81.
Squier on Newark works, 53.
Stations, of Toltec migration, 244–46;
of Aztec migration, according to Veytia, Tezozomoc and Clavigero, 260;
names interpreted by Humboldt, 261, n. 3.
Statuettes in National Museum, 415.
St. Clair River mounds, 30.
Stephens and Catherwood, explorations, chap. viii., passim.
Steinthal, Prof., classification of languages by, 471, n. 4.
Stevenson, M. F., description of mounds by, 72.
St. Francis Valley mounds, 74.
St. Louis, mound-works at, 40, 73.
Stone Age in New Jersey, 26;
Dr. Abbott on, 26.
Stone coffins, burial in, 60.
Stone graves in Tennessee, 60;
in Indiana, 57.
Stone implements from Bridger basin, Wyoming, 24, n. 1.
Stone tubes used by Mound-builders, 96.
St. Patrick in America, 152.
Stucco reliefs at Palenque, 384–88.
Sun-dried brick, 75;
wall of at Seltzertown, 72;
in Phillips County, Missouri, 75.
Sun, tablet of, 392.
symbol of, 395.
Sun worship, 40, 85.
Swallow, Prof., explorations by, 75.
Syphilis among Mound-builders, 184.
T.
Tabasco, ancient civilization of, 203.
Tablet of cross, 390;
of sun, 392;
at Chichen-Itza, 398.
Tablet, Rockford, 44; Cincinnati, 44.
Tablets at Palenque, 384–90.
Table Mountain, cranium from, 125.
Tamoanchan, city of Tobasco, 241, 243.
Tarahumara, language of North Mexico, 487.
Tarascos, migrations of, 261.
“Taylor mound,” the, 87–89.
Tehuantepec, antiquities of, 350–60;
language of, 479.
Tegua, Moqui pueblo, 326.
Temple base near Nashville, 62.
Temple of Mexico, 374.
Tennessee mound-works, 58;
explorations of Prof. Jones in, 58–65;
of Prof. Putnam, 65–67.
Tennessee mound crania, 171–4.
Tennessee Valley mounds, 71;
Mr. Fountain on, 71.
Teo-Culhuacan, 250–60, 265, 266.
Teotihuacan, pyramids of, 375–79;
compared with Egypt, 375, 382, 383.
Teotihuacan, sacred city of, 234, 343, 266.
Tepanecs, Nahua tribe, 256.
Tepetla, Toltec station, 246.
Tepehuana, language of North Mexico, 487.
Terra-Cotta, figure from Isla Mugeres, 403.
Terminos, Laguna de, 234.
Texas mounds, 78.
Tezcatlipoca, bloody god of the Nahuas, 269–70;
sorcery of, 269.
Tezcuco, schools of, 481.
Tezpi, flood myth, 263, n.
Tezquil nation, 208.
Theban calendar compared to the Aztec, 459.
Thomas, Dr., on Dakota mounds, 31–2.
Gen. H. W. on same, 32;
low type skull cited, 128, n. 5, 167.
Thomson, Sir C. Wyville, on Atlantic land ridge, 502–3.
Thompson, Dr. J. P., on Usher’s chronology, 201.
Thorowgood on origin of ancient Americans, 136.
Thorwald, Ericson, 22.
Tibiæ, flattened, 30.
Time, Absolute and Relative, 200.
Tlacamitzin, Toltec chief, 244.
Tlachicatzin, city in Hue hue Tlapalan, 245.
Tlahuicas, Nahua tribe, 256.
Tlaloc, Aztec rain-god, 457.
Tlapalans, four, 252;
Bancroft and Brasseur’s views upon, 251–2.
Tlapallan de Cortes, 251;
location of examined, 251.
Tlapallanconco, Toltec station, 245.
Tlascatecs, Nahua tribe, republic of, 257.
Tohil (Quiché deity), 215.
Tollan, Toltec capital, 218, 246.
Toltec migration, 244, 251;
migration according to Becker, 248–50;
according to Ixtlilxochitl, 244–46, 250;
account examined, 246.
Toltec flood myth, 238.
Toltecs, origin according to Ixtlilxochitl, 239.
southern origin considered, 252;
outlines of history, 254;
annals, Bancroft’s resumé of, 255.
Tomlinson’s report on Grave Creek mound, 87.
Tongues, confusion of, 238.
Totonacs, Mexican nation, 234.
Totzapan, 246.
Tower of Mancos Cañon, 297–300;
McElmo, 324;
at Chichen, Mayapan and Tuloom, 355.
Toxpan, Toltec station, 245.
Trade-winds, 508;
agents in the discovery of America, 506.
Tradition (Indian) valueless, 102.
Dr. Foster on, 102.
of Nahua Mound-builders, Becker on, 102–3, n.
Tradition and History and their scope, 109–10.
Tradition of uncertain value, 204.
Trinity myth in Yucatan, 231.
Troano MS, 422.
Tula (Tulha or Tulan), 211.
sculptured column from, 413.
Tulan, 215–16;
four in number, 217–18.
Tulancingo (Tollancingo), Mexican city, 246.
Tulan-Zuiva, 215, 264–66, 248.
Tumuli of Vera Paz, 359;
Tehuantepec, 360.
Vera Cruz, 364.
Tusapan, antiquities of, 367.
Typical mound skull, 166.
Tzendal, language of Chiapas, dialect of the Maya, 206.
Tzendel, a Maya dialect, the oldest American language, 473.
U.
Uraeus, Egyptian symbol, 467.
Ural-Altaic languages compared to Indian tongues, 496.
Usher, Bishop, chronology of faulty, 199.
Usumacinta Valley, the seat of most ancient American civilization, 208.
Utah languages, 489–90.
Utatlan, Quiché city, 227;
antiquities of, 358.
Utes, the enemies of the cliff-dwellers, 303.
Uxmal, architectural remains, 347–52.
arches and roofs, 349–50.
sculpture, 393;
Façades at, 394.
Le Plongeon’s observations on, 457.
V.
Valentini, Dr. Ph., interpretation of Mexican Calendar Stone, 453–59;
on analogies in geographical names, 497.
Vancouver’s Island, Aztec termination used, 490;
elements in, 491.
Vases from Casas Grandes, 278;
burial from Mexico, 410;
after Waldeck, 410;
from National Museum, 414–15.
Vater, on the Aztec language, 480–90.
Vega, Bishop Nuñez de la, 200.
Vegetation, age of on mounds, 104;
relation between American and Asiatic, 513.
Vera Paz, mounds of, 359.
Verda Rio, antiquities of, 284.
Verrezano, 22.
Vespucius, 22.
Voc, mythical personage, 222.
Votan (culture hero), tradition of cited, 133–9, 145, 204.
document written by, 206–10.
Vucub-Cakix, Xilbalban monarch, 222.
Vucab-Came, 224.
Vukub-Hunapu, Quiché chief, 222.
W.
Wabash Valley, mounds in, 57, n. 2.
Watch-tower of the Mancos, 300.
Waterbury Mine, 91.
Waynesville, Ohio, inter-glacial relics from, 126.
Welsh discovery of America, 154.
Whipple, Lieut., explorations by, 284.
“White-man’s land,” 152.
Whittlesey, Col., on Shelter Caves, 26.
on ancient copper mines, 91, 94.
Wilson, Dr. Daniel, cranial measurements tabulated, 164;
observations by, on Morton’s theory, 165, n. 2;
examinations of Peruvian crania by, 176;
on head-flattening, 180–2;
on Cincinnati Tablet, 47.
Wisconsin mound-works, 33;
effigy and animal mounds of, 33.
Worship of sun, 40.
Writing, systems of, see Hieroglyphics.
Wyman, Jeffries, on shell-heaps of Florida, 155–8.
X.
Xalisco, Toltec station, 245.
Xan, Quiché messenger, 224.
Xbalanque, Quiché hero, 222–3.
Xelhua, builder of Cholula, 236.
Xibalba, kingdom of Votanites, tradition of fall, 220–26;
date of, 227;
fall of, a theme for poetry, 515;
hatred of, 221.
Xicalancas, 234;
origin of, 234.
Xicalanco, Mexican city, 234.
Xmucane, 222–3.
Xochicalco, pyramid of, 370–3.
Xochimilcos, Nahua tribe, 256.
Xpiyacoc, 222.
Xquiq, Xibalban princess, 223.
Y.
Yamkally language, traces of Aztec in, 490.
Yaqui, Mexican tribe, 219.
Yazoo Valley mounds, 71.
Yellowstone, mounds of, 31.
Yond Mountain, 73.
Yucatan, origin of population, 229–30;
Greek gods in, 467.
Yztachnexucha, 246.
Z.
Zacotlan, Toltec station, 246.
Zamna, Maya culture hero, 229–30.
Zapotecs, Mexican nation, 234;
antiquities of, 360–64.
Zárate, on the Aztec, 486.
Zayi, Casa Grande of, 353.
Zipacua, Xibalban warrior, 222.
Ziuhcohuatl, Toltec station, 246.
Zumárraga, destruction of Aztec MS. by, 429.
Zuñi, description of, 288–89;
Valley, Pueblos of, 288.
Zutugil, language, 476.