[Contents]

INDEX.

Aged, the respect for, 140, 236.

Amateur Surgery, 25.

Ancient Dwellings, 82.

Angakooeet or conjurors, 76, 93, 136, 160, 196, 209, 211, 214, 223, 225, 230, 234.

Arctic animals, 52, 252, 263.

— Birds, 50, 51.

— Explorers, 17, 21, 32, 33.

— Flowers, 37, 38.

Astronomy, 44.

Autumn, 42, 45.

Baffin Bay, 21.

Baffin Land, 20, 23, 32.

— Dimensions, 33.

— Geology, 35.

— Scenery, 36.

— Vegetation, 37, 40.

Baffin, William, 18, 33.

Bears, 52, 92, 98, 164, 253.

— Hunting, 252, 254.

— Hunting methods of, 254, 256.

Behring Strait, 21.

Birds, 50, 51.

Birth-rate, 67.

Blankets, 74.

Blow-holes, 86, 87.

Blubber, 82, 97.

Boat-building, 112, 114.

Bompass, Bishop, 25.

Boothia, Gulf of, 33.

Boots, 109, 110. [272]

Bruce, Prof. W. S., 25, 38.

Building, 75, 77.

Butterflies, 49.

Bylot, 18.

Cannibalism, 103, 104.

Characteristics of the Eskimo, 68, 135, 138, 206.

Charms, 234.

Cheerfulness, 86.

Childbirth, 158, 160.

Children, 144, 158, 239.

Civilisation, dangers of, 137.

Clothing, 73, 108, 110, 112.

Coal, 35.

Communism, 137, 140, 222.

Conjurors, 76, 93, 136, 160, 196, 209, 211, 214, 223, 225, 230, 234.

— payment of, 234.

— training of, 197, 198.

Cooking, 98.

— utensils, 74.

Davis, John, 18.

Day’s work, the, 85.

Death, 165.

— customs, 166, 168, 170, 204.

Deer, 40, 41, 52.

— hunting, 48, 147, 237, 240, 245.

Deities, 209, 265, 270.

Deserted snow-houses, 84.

Dialects, 173.

Disposition of tribes, 62.

Dog-boots, 122.

Dogs, 119, 120, 135.

— feeding, 127, 128, 259.

— training, 120, 121, 124.

Domestic implements, 97, 98, 108.

— work, 97.

Dundee whaling fleet, 22.

Dwellings of ancient inhabitants, 82. [273]

Early Arctic exploration, 17, 21, 32, 33.

Education, 144, 145.

— of conjurors, 197, 198.

— of girls, 74.

Egede, Hans, 172.

Employees, Eskimo, 137.

Ermine, 52.

Eskimo, 30, 34, 57, 59, 65, 66, 135, 137, 138, 206.

— of Labrador, 135.

— astronomy, 44.

— dogs, 119–135.

— history, 58, 59.

— hospitality, 46, 100, 101, 161.

— language, 171, 178, 183.

— maps, 70, 71.

— numerical strength, 61.

— origin, 60, 61.

— tribes, 62, 240.

— war with Norsemen, 67.

— women, 97, 98, 102, 145, 158, 160.

Exploration, early Arctic, 17, 21, 32, 33.

Farrar, Dean, 173.

Fatalism, 228.

Fauna, 40, 41, 52, 252, 263.

Firesticks, 102.

Fleming, Rev. A. L., 113.

Flora, 37, 38, 40.

Folk-lore, 104, 105, 183, 195.

Fossils, 48.

Foxes, 52, 93.

Franklin, Sir John, 20, 21.

Freezing of salt water, 42.

Frobisher, shipwreck of, 19.

Funeral customs, 165, 166.

Games, 144, 217, 240, 241.

Geology, 35.

Government agents, 69. [274]

Grammar, 172, 179, 180.

Grampus, 54.

Granite, 35.

Graphite, 35.

Greenland, 18, 38.

Grinnell Land, 38.

Gulf Stream, 47.

Gulls, 262, 263.

Hair-dressing, 111.

Harness, 133.

Heaven, 207.

Hell, 167, 170, 207.

Heroism, 96.

History, 57, 58, 59.

Housewives, 74.

Hospitality, 46, 83, 100, 101, 161.

Hostility to white men, cause of, 68.

Hovelaque, M., 174.

Hudson Bay Fur Trading Company, 20, 23, 29.

Hudson, Henry, 18, 21.

Humour, 242, 244.

Hunting, 85, 87, 88, 90, 92, 235, 249, 256, 257.

— dangers of, 246, 258.

Hypnotism, 196, 199, 200, 215.

Ice, 26, 27,28, 42, 117.

Icebergs, 28, 29.

Ice-rafts, 117.

Igloo or snowhouses, 72, 76, 78.

Illness, 207, 225.

Improvidence, 103.

Infanticide, 143.

Infants, method of carrying, 109.

Inland sea, traces of, 48.

Interior, 37.

Ironstone, 35.

Journeys, preparation for, 147, 236, 246.

Justice, summary, 139, 140. [275]

Kagge or singing house, 217, 243.

Kettles, 74.

Kummotik or heavy sled, 132, 236.

Kyak, 112, 113, 114, 256, 257.

— management of, 113, 115.

Labrador, Eskimo of, 135.

Lakes, 51.

Lamps, 74, 81.

Language, 171, 183.

— agglutinative character of, 178.

— of spirits, 166, 167.

— system of writing, 175.

Laws and customs, 140–141.

Legends, 183, 195.

Lemming, 53, 83.

Letters, Eskimo, 176.

Maps, 70, 71.

Marine life, 48.

Marriage customs, 142, 155, 156, 158, 162, 213, 214.

Mask, conjurors’, 211.

Meals, 100, 132, 143.

Migration of birds, 50.

Miocene Period, 39.

Miracles, 202, 230.

Morals, 142, 204.

Moravian missions, 183.

Marrett, Dr, 194.

Mosquito, 49.

— death from, 50.

Moss, 39, 147.

Mountain lakes, 47, 48.

Musk-ox industry, proposed, 136.

Names, 144.

— of seasons, 46.

— of deities, 265, 270.

Nandla, the blind huntsman, 150, 153. [276]

Nanook, the Great Bear, 44.

Nansen, Fridtjof, 183.

— on the Arctic summer, 36.

— on the Eskimo, 65.

Narwhal, the, 55.

Norsemen, war with, 67.

Northern lights, 45.

North-west passage, 17, 20, 21.

— discovery of, 21.

Occultism, 196, 197, 200, 215.

Oil, 74, 97.

— a common error about, 111.

Ooloo, or knife, 108, 113.

Operation, an amateur surgical, 25.

— a native, 227.

Oral tradition, 59.

Origin of Eskimo, 61.

Ornaments, personal, 110.

Pack ice, 26, 27.

Paddles, 115, 116.

Parry, Captain, 20, 70.

Peace and plenty, 146, 147.

Pintailed duck, song of, 249, 250.

Pleistocene period, 58.

Poetry, 241.

Polar-bears, 164, 253, 254.

Polygamy, 142, 203.

Poppy, yellow, 37.

Primitive barter, 63.

Primitive peoples, pacific nature of, 69.

Ptarmigans and ducks, contest of, 242, 244.

Purple-sandpiper, the, 50.

Purgatory, 207.

Pyrites, 35.

Ravens, 50, 258, 260.

Raw meat, 132. [277]

Recuperative powers, 226.

Red fox, 51.

Red Indians, 67.

Reindeer, 40, 41, 52, 244, 245.

— moss, 39, 147.

Religion, 205, 206, 207, 265, 270.

Respect for the old, 140, 236.

Richardson, 20.

Ross, Commander Sir John, 20, 21, 23, 70.

Sacrifice, human, 193.

Sails, 238.

Salmon-trout, 47.

Salt water, freezing of, 42.

Sandpiper, 50.

Sanitation, lack of, 81.

Scurvy, 25.

Sea unicorn, 55.

Seals, 52, 87, 88, 90, 91, 235, 236.

— hunting, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95.

— by bears, 90, 91, 255, 256.

— oil, 74, 82, 97.

Seasons, 41.

Sedna, 167, 208.

— legend of, 184, 187, 193.

— ceremony of, 210, 223.

Sense of danger, 94.

Seorapik, story of, 149.

Servants, Eskimo as, 137, 138.

Sewing-thread, 111, 114.

Sex equality, 102.

Singing, 183, 217, 220, 242, 243.

— houses, 217, 243.

Sinniktâkvik or temporary snowhouse, 82.

Skins, the preparation of, 99, 113, 236, 237.

Sleds, 118, 131, 132, 133.

— ancient form of, 134.

— harness, 133. [278]

Sleeping benches, 78, 143.

Snow bunting, 50.

Snowhouses, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82.

Social habits, 99.

Socks, 109, 262.

Souls of inanimate objects, 205.

Spears, 114.

Spirits, 165, 166, 193, 207, 252, 253.

— language of, 167.

Spring in the Arctic, 43, 235.

Stockings, 109.

Stone-age, 57.

Storm, an arctic, 94, 95.

Strangers, treatment of, 46, 161.

Suicide of the aged, 149.

Sukso or porch, 78.

Summer, 44, 145, 146, 238, 240.

Superstitions, 145, 159, 165, 168, 169, 184, 194, 195, 215, 230, 233.

Supreme spirit, the, 206.

Surgery, amateur, 25.

— native, 224.

Syllabic characters, 175, 176, 178.

Tailor, an Eskimo, 110.

Tents, or tupiks, 72, 73, 74.

Thread, 111, 114.

Tongak, or spirits, 165, 193, 207, 252.

Toodlânak, story of, 105, 106.

Tooneet or ancient inhabitants, 64, 65, 82.

Trapping, 261–262.

Travelling, 133, 163, 239.

Trial, an Eskimo, 139.

Tribal intercourse, 62.

— life, 136, 170.

Tribes, disposition of, 62.

Tug of war, 217.

Tupik, 72, 73, 74. [279]

Umiaks or heavy boats, 116, 117, 237, 238, 246.

Unicorn, sea, 55.

Unwritten law, 140.

Villages, 72, 83.

Voluntary starvation, 103.

Walrus, 55, 255, 256.

Water, 98.

Weapons, 114, 115, 245.

Wedding party, an ill-fated, 164.

Whales, 54, 134, 246.

Whale-bone sled, 133.

Whalers, Scottish, 22, 24.

Wick, lamp, 97.

Windows, 79.

Winter, 45, 46.

Winter-quarters, 75, 78, 81.

Wolves, 40, 52.

— their hunting methods, 53.

— attacks by, 246, 247, 248.

Women, 67, 81, 89, 100, 102, 158, 160.

Writing, 175.

[Contents]

FAUNA AND FLORA OF BAFFIN LAND.

Fauna.

Bears, 49, 52, 92, 164, 253, 256.

Black fox, 52.

Blue fox, 52.

Bunting, snow, 50.

Butterflies, 49.

Deer, 40, 41, 52, 147, 237, 240.

Eagles, 50.

Eider, 50.

Foxes, 51, 93.

Gulls, 51, 262, 263. [280]

Harlequins, 50.

Hawks, 50.

King eider, 50.

Lemming, 52, 53, 83.

Mosquitoes, 49, 50.

Owls, 50.

Petrels, 51.

Pintail ducks, 50.

Polar bears, 49, 52, 92, 164, 253, 256.

Ptarmigan, 50.

Purple sandpiper, 50.

Ravens, 50, 258, 260.

Red fox, 51.

Reindeer, 40, 41, 52, 147, 237, 240.

Seal, 51, 57, 87, 88, 90, 235, 255.

Skuas, 51.

Snow mouse, 52, 53, 83.

Snow bunting, 50.

Swans, wild, 50.

White fox, 52.

Wolves, 40, 52, 54, 55, 246, 248.

Flora.

Bladder campion, 38.

Blaeberry, 38.

Buttercup, 38.

Cotton-grass, 38.

Moss, 39, 40, 147.

Papaver radicatum, 37.

Potentilla, 38.

Purple saxifrage, 37.

Reindeer moss, 37, 38, 40, 147.

Rock-rose, 38.

Saxifraga appositifolia, 37.

Scurvy grass, 38.

Willow, arctic, 38.

Yellow poppy, 37.