Calydium, a town on the Appian way.

Calydna, an island in the Myrtoan sea. Some suppose it to be near Rhodes, others near Tenedos. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 8, li. 205.

Calydon, a city of Ætolia, where Œneus the father of Meleager reigned. The Evenus flows through it, and it receives its name from Calydon the son of Ætolus. During the reign of Œneus, Diana sent a wild boar to ravage the country, on account of the neglect which had been shown to her divinity by the king. All the princes of the age assembled to hunt this boar, which is greatly celebrated by the poets, under the name of the chase of Calydon, or the Calydonian boar. Meleager killed the animal with his own hand, and gave the head to Atalanta, of whom he was enamoured. The skin of the boar was preserved, and was still seen in the age of Pausanias, in the temple of Minerva Alea. The tusks were also preserved by the Arcadians in Tegea, and Augustus carried them away to Rome, because the people of Tegea had followed the party of Antony. These tusks were shown for a long time at Rome. One of them was about half an ell long, and the other was broken. See: Meleager and Atalanta. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 8.—Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 45.—Strabo, bk. 8.—Homer, ♦Iliad, bk. 9, li. 577.—Hyginus, fable 174.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 8, fable 4, &c.——A son of Ætolus and Pronoe daughter of Phorbas. He gave his name to a town of Ætolia.

♦ Book reference omitted in text.

Caly̆dōnis, a name of Deianira, as living in Calydon. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 9, fable 4.

Caly̆dōnius, a surname of Bacchus.

Calymne, an island near Lebynthos. Ovid, Ars Amatoria, bk. 2, li. 81.

Calynda, a town of Caria. Ptolemy, bk. 5, ch. 3.

Calȳpso, one of the Oceanides, or one of the daughters of Atlas, according to some, was goddess of silence, and reigned in the island of Ogygia, whose situation and even existence is doubted. When Ulysses was shipwrecked on her coasts, she received him with great hospitality, and offered him immortality if he would remain with her as a husband. The hero refused, and after seven years’ delay, he was permitted to depart from the island by order of Mercury the messenger of Jupiter. During his stay, Ulysses had two sons by Calypso, Nausithous, and Nausinous. Calypso was inconsolable at the departure of Ulysses. Homer, Odyssey, bks. 7 & 5.—Hesiod, Theogony, li. 360.—Ovid, ex Ponto, bk. 4, ltr. 18; Amores, bk. 2, poem 17.—Propertius, bk. 1, poem 15.

Camalodūnum, a Roman colony in Britain, supposed Malden, or Colchester.

Camantium, a town of Asia Minor.

Camarīna, a town of Italy.——A lake of Sicily, with a town of the same name, built B.C. 552. It was destroyed by the Syracusans, and rebuilt by a certain Hipponous. The lake was drained, contrary to the advice of Apollo, as the ancients supposed, and a pestilence was the consequence; but the lowness of the lake below the level of the sea prevents it being drained. The words Camarinam movere are become proverbial to express an unsuccessful and dangerous attempt. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 701.—Strabo, bk. 6.—Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 134.

Cambaules, a general of some Gauls who invaded Greece. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 19.

Cambes, a prince of Lydia, of such voracious appetite that he ate his own wife, &c. Ælian, bk. 1, Varia Historia, ch. 27.

Cambre, a place near Puteoli. Juvenal, satire 7, li. 154.

Cambunii, mountains of Macedonia. Livy, bk. 4, ch. 53.

Camby̆ses, a king of Persia, was son of Cyrus the Great. He conquered Egypt, and was so offended at the superstition of the Egyptians, that he killed their god Apis, and plundered their temples. When he wished to take Pelusium, he placed at the head of his army a number of cats and dogs; and the Egyptians refusing, in the attempt to defend themselves, to kill animals which they reverenced as divinities, became an easy prey to the enemy. Cambyses afterwards sent an army of 50,000 men to destroy Jupiter Ammon’s temple, and resolved to attack the Carthaginians and Æthiopians. He killed his brother Smerdis from mere suspicion, and flayed alive a partial judge, whose skin he nailed on the judgment seat, and appointed his son to succeed him, telling him to remember where he sat. He died of a small wound he had given himself with his sword as he mounted on horseback; and the Egyptians observed that it was the same place on which he had wounded their god Apis, and that therefore he was visited by the hand of the gods. His death happened 521 years before the birth of Christ. He left no issue to succeed him, and his throne was usurped by the magi, and ascended by Darius soon after. Herodotus, bks. 2, 3, &c.—Justin, bk. 1, ch. 9.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 6, ch. 3.——A person of obscure origin, to whom king Astyages gave his daughter Mandane in marriage. The king, who had been terrified by dreams which threatened the loss of his crown by the hand of his daughter’s son, had taken this step in hopes that the children of so ignoble a bed would ever remain in obscurity. He was disappointed. Cyrus, Mandane’s son, dethroned him when grown to manhood. Herodotus, bk. 1, chs. 46, 107, &c.—Justin, bk. 1, ch. 4.——A river of Asia, which flows from mount Caucasus into the Cyrus. Mela, bk. 3, ch. 5.

Camelāni, a people of Italy.

Camelītæ, a people of Mesopotamia.

Camera, a field of Calabria. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 3, li. 582.

♦Camerīnum and Camertium, a town of Umbria, very faithful to Rome. The inhabitants were called Camertes. Livy, bk. 9, ch. 36.

♦ ‘Camernīum’ replaced with ‘Camerīnum’

Camerīnus, a Latin poet who wrote a poem on the taking of Troy by Hercules. Ovid, bk. 4, ex Ponto, poem 16, li. 19.——Some of the family of the Camerini were distinguished for their zeal as citizens, as well as for their abilities as scholars, among whom was Sulpicius, commissioned by the Roman senate to go to Athens, to collect the best of Solon’s laws. Juvenal, satire 7, li. 90.

Camerium, an ancient town of Italy near Rome, taken by Romulus. Plutarch, Romulus.

Camertes, a friend of Turnus killed by Æneas. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 562. See: Camerinum.

Camilia, queen of the Volsci, was daughter of Metabus and Casmilla. She was educated in the woods, inured to the labours of hunting, and fed upon the milk of mares. Her father devoted her, when young, to the service of Diana. When she was declared queen, she marched at the head of an army, and accompanied by three youthful females of equal courage as herself, to assist Turnus against Æneas, where she signalized herself by the numbers that perished by her hand. She was so swift that she could run, or rather fly, over a field of corn without bending the blades, and make her way over the sea without wetting her feet. She died by a wound which she had received from Aruns. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 803; bk. 11, li. 435.

Camilli and Camillæ, the priests instituted by Romulus for the service of the gods.

Camillus Lucius Furius, a celebrated Roman, called a second Romulus, from his services to his country. He was banished by the people, for distributing, contrary to his vow, the spoils he had obtained at Veii. During his exile, Rome was besieged by the Gauls under Brennus. In the midst of their misfortunes, the besieged Romans elected him dictator, and he forgot their ingratitude, and marched to the relief of his country, which he delivered, after it had been for some time in the possession of the enemy. He died in the 80th year of his age, B.C. 365, after he had been five times dictator, once censor, three times interrex, twice a military tribune, and obtained four triumphs. He conquered the Hernici, Volsci, Latini, and Etrurians, and dissuaded his countrymen from their intentions of leaving Rome to reside at Veii. When he besieged Falisci, he rejected, with proper indignation, the offers of a schoolmaster, who had betrayed into his hands the sons of the most worthy citizens. Plutarch, Lives of the Roman Emperors.—Livy, bk. 5.—Florus, bk. 1, ch. 13.—Diodorus, bk. 14.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 825.——A name of Mercury.——An intimate friend of Cicero.

Camīro and Clytia, two daughters of Pandarus of Crete. When their parents were dead, they were left to the care of Venus; who, with the other goddesses, brought them up with tenderness, and asked Jupiter to grant them kind husbands. Jupiter, to punish upon them the crime of their father, who was accessary to the impiety of Tantalus, ordered the harpies to carry them away and deliver them to the furies. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 30.—Homer, Odyssey, bk. 20, li. 66.

Camīrus and Camīra, a town of Rhodes, which received its name from Camirus, a son of Hercules and Iole. Homer, Iliad, bk. 2, li. 163.

Camissares, a governor of part of Cilicia, father to Datames. Cornelius Nepos, Datames.

Camma, a woman of Calatia, who avenged the death of her husband Sinetus upon his murderer Sinorix, by making him drink in a cup, of which the liquor was poisoned, on pretence of marrying him, according to the custom of their country, which required that the bridegroom and his bride should drink out of the same vessel. She escaped by refusing to drink on pretence of illness. Polyænus, bk. 8.

Camœnæ, a name given to the muses from the sweetness and melody of their songs, à cantu amæno, or, according to Varro, from carmen. Varro, de Lingua Latina, bk. 5, ch. 7.

Campāna lex, or Julian agrarian law, was enacted by Julius Cæsar, A.U.C. 691, to divide some lands among the people.

Campānia, a country of Italy, of which Capua was the capital, bounded by Latium, Samnium, Picenum, and part of the Mediterranean sea. It is celebrated for its delightful views, and for its fertility. Capua is often called Campana urbs. Strabo, bk. 5.—Cicero, On the Agrarian Law, ch. 35.—Justin, bk. 20, ch. 1; bk. 22, ch. 1.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 5.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 4.—Florus, bk. 1, ch. 16.

Campe, kept the 100 handed monsters confined in Tartarus. Jupiter killed her, because she refused to give them their liberty to come to his assistance against the Titans. Hesiod, Theogony, li. 500.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 2.

Campaspe, or Pancaste, a beautiful concubine of Alexander, whom the king gave to Apelles, who had fallen in love with her, as he drew her picture in her naked charms. It is said that from this beauty the painter copied the thousand charms of his Venus Anadyomene. Pliny, bk. 35, ch. 10.

Campi Diomēdis, a plain situate in Apulia. Martial, bk. 13, ltr. 93.

Campsa, a town near Pallene. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 123.

Campus Martius, a large plain at Rome, without the walls of the city, where the Roman youths performed their exercises, and learnt to wrestle and box, to throw the discus, hurl the javelin, ride a horse, drive a chariot, &c. The public assemblies were held there, and the officers of state chosen, and audience given to foreign ambassadors. It was adorned with statues, columns, arches, and porticoes, and its pleasant situation made it very frequented. It was called Martius because dedicated to Mars. It was sometimes called Tiberinus, from its closeness to the Tiber. It was given to the Roman people by a vestal virgin; but they were deprived of it by Tarquin the Proud, who made it a private field, and sowed corn in it. When Tarquin was driven from Rome the people recovered it, and threw away into the Tiber the corn which had grown there, deeming it unlawful for any man to eat of the produce of that land. The sheaves which were thrown into the river stopped in a shallow ford, and by the accumulated collection of mud became firm ground, and formed an island, which was called the Holy Island, or the island of Æsculapius. Dead carcases were generally burnt in the Campus Martius. Strabo, bk. 5.—Livy, bk. 2, ch. 5; bk. 6, ch. 20.

Camulogīnus, a Gaul raised to great honours by Cæsar, for his military abilities. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 7, ch. 57.

Camŭlus, a surname of Mars among the Sabines and Etrurians.

Cana, a city and promontory of Æolia. Mela, bk. 1, ch. 18.

Canăce, a daughter of Æolus and Enaretta, who became enamoured of her brother Macareus, by whom she had a child, whom she exposed. The cries of the child discovered the mother’s incest; and Æolus sent his daughter a sword, and obliged her to kill herself. Macareus fled, and became a priest of Apollo at Delphi. Some say that Canace was ravished by Neptune, by whom she had many children, among whom were Epopeus, Triops, and Alous. Apollodorus, bk. 1.—Hyginus, fables 238 & 242.—Ovid, Heroides, poem 11; Tristia, bk. 2, li. 384.

Canăche, one of Actæon’s dogs.

Canăchus, a statuary of Sicyon. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 9.

Canæ, a city of Locris,——of Æolia.

Canārii, a people near mount Atlas in Africa, who received this name because they fed in common with their dogs. The islands which they inhabited were called Fortunate by the ancients, and are now known by the name of the Canaries. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 1.

Canăthus, a fountain of Nauplia, where Juno yearly washed herself to recover her infant purity. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 38.

Candăce, a queen of Æthiopia, in the age of Augustus, so prudent and meritorious that her successors always bore her name. She was blind of one eye. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 22.—Dio Cassius, bk. 54.—Strabo, bk. 17.

Candāvia, a mountain of Epirus, which separates Illyria from Macedonia. Lucan, bk. 6, li. 331.

Candaules, or Myrsilus, son of Myrsus, was the last of the Heraclidæ who sat on the throne of Lydia. He showed his wife naked to Gyges, one of his ministers; and the queen was so incensed, that she ordered Gyges to murder her husband, 718 years before the christian era. After this murder, Gyges married the queen and ascended the throne. Justin, bk. 1, ch. 7.—Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 7, &c.—Plutarch, Convivium Septem Sapientium.

Candēi, a people of Arabia who fed on serpents.

Candiŏpe, a daughter of Œnopion, ravished by her brother.

Candy̆ba, a town of Lycia.

Canens, a nymph called also Venilia, daughter of Janus and wife to Picus king of the Laurentes. When Circe had changed her husband into a bird, she lamented him so much, that she pined away, and was changed into a voice. She was reckoned as a deity by the inhabitants. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, fable 9.

Canephŏria, festivals at Athens in honour of Bacchus, or, according to others, of Diana, in which all marriageable women offered small baskets to the deity, and received the name of Canephoræ, whence statues representing women in that attitude were called by the same appellation. Cicero, Against Verres, bk. 4.

Canethum, a place of Eubœa.——A mountain in Bœotia.

Căniculāres dies, certain days in the summer, in which the star Canis is said to influence the season, and to make the days more warm during its appearance. Marcus Manilius.

Cānĭdia, a certain woman of Neapolis, against whom Horace inveighed as a sorceress. Horace, Epodes.

Canĭdius, a tribune, who proposed a law to empower Pompey to go only with two lictors, to reconcile Ptolemy and the Alexandrians. Plutarch, Pompey.

Caninefātes, a people near Batavia, where modern Holland now is situate. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 4, ch. 15.

Caius Caninius Rebilus, a consul with Julius Cæsar, after the death of Trebonius. He was consul only for seven hours, because his predecessor died the last day of the year, and he was chosen only for the remaining part of the day; whence Cicero observed, that Rome was greatly indebted to him for his vigilance, as he had not slept during the whole time of his consulship. Cicero, bk. 7, Letters to his Friends, ltr. 33.—Plutarch, Cæsar.——Lucius, a lieutenant of Cæsar’s army in Gaul. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 7, ch. 83.——Rufus, a friend of Pliny the younger. Pliny, bk. 1, ltr. 3.——Gallus, an intimate friend of Cicero.

Canistius, a Lacedæmonian courier, who ran 1200 stadia in one day. Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 20.

Canius, a poet of Gades, contemporary with Martial. He was so naturally merry that he always laughed. Martial, bk. 1, ltr. 62.——A Roman knight who went to Sicily for his amusement, where he bought gardens well stocked with fish, which disappeared on the morrow. Cicero, bk. 3, de Officiis, ch. 14.

Cannæ, a small village of Apulia near the Aufidus, where Hannibal conquered the Roman consuls, Probus Æmylius and Terentius Varro, and slaughtered 40,000 Romans, on the 21st of May, B.C. 216. The spot where this famous battle was fought is now shown by the natives, and denominated the field of blood. Livy, bk. 22, ch. 44.—Florus, bk. 2, ch. 6.—Plutarch, Life of Hannibal.

Canōpicum ostium, one of the mouths of the Nile, 12 miles from Alexandria. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 21.

Cănōpus, a city of Egypt, 12 miles from Alexandria, celebrated for the temple of Serapis. It was founded by the Spartans, and therefore called Amyclæa, and it received its name from Canopus the pilot of the vessel of Menelaus, who was buried in this place. The inhabitants were dissolute in their manners. Virgil bestows upon it the epithet of Pellæus, because Alexander, who was born at Pella, built Alexandria in the neighbourhood. Silius Italicus, bk. 11, li. 433.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 9.—Strabo, bk. 17.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 31.—Virgil, Georgics bk. 4, li. 287.——The pilot of the ship of Menelaus, who died in his youth on the coast of Egypt, by the bite of a serpent. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 7.

Cantăbra, a river falling into the Indus. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 20.

Cantăbri, a ferocious and warlike people of Spain, who rebelled against Augustus, by whom they were conquered. Their country is now called Biscay. Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 326.—Horace, bk. 2, odes 6 & 11.

Cantăbriæ lacus, a lake in Spain, where a thunderbolt fell, and in which 12 axes were found. Suetonius, Galba, ch. 8.

Canthărus, a famous sculptor of Sicyon. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 17.——A comic poet of Athens.

Canthus, a son of Abas, one of the Argonauts.

Cantium, a country in the eastern parts of Britain, now called Kent. Cæsar, Gallic War bk. 5.

Canuleia, one of the first vestals chosen by Numa. Plutarch.——A law. See: Canuleius.

Caius Canuleius, a tribune of the people of Rome, A.U.C. 310, who made a law to render it constitutional for the patricians and plebeians to intermarry. It ordained also, that one of the consuls should be yearly chosen from the plebeians. Livy, bk. 4, ch. 3, &c.—Florus, bk. 1, ch. 17.

Canulia, a Roman virgin, who became pregnant by her brother, and killed herself by order of her father. Plutarch, Parallela minora.

Canŭsium, now Canosa, a town of Apulia, whither the Romans fled after the battle of Cannæ. It was built by Diomedes, and its inhabitants have been called bilingues, because they retained the language of their founder and likewise adopted that of their neighbours. Horace complained of the grittiness of their bread. The wools and the cloths of the place were in high estimation. Horace, bk. 1, satire 10, li. 30.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 4.—Pliny, bk. 8, ch. 11.

Canŭsius, a Greek historian under Ptolemy Auletes. Plutarch.

Canutius Tiberinus, a tribune of the people, who, like Cicero, furiously attacked Antony, when declared an enemy to the state. His satire cost him his life. Paterculus, bk. 2, ch. 64.——A Roman actor. Plutarch, Brutus.

Căpăneus, a noble Argive, son of Hipponous and Astinome, and husband to Evadne. He was so impious, that when he went to the Theban war, he declared that he would take Thebes even in spite of Jupiter. Such contempt provoked the god, who struck him dead with a thunderbolt. His body was burnt separately from the others, and his wife threw herself on the burning pile to mingle her ashes with his. It is said that Æsculapius restored him to life. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 9, li. 404.—Statius, Thebiad, bk. 3, &c.—Hyginus, fables 68 & 70.—Euripides, Phœnician Women & Suppliants.—Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes.

Capella, an elegiac poet in the age of Julius Cæsar. Ovid, ex Ponto, bk. 4, poem 16, li. 36.——Martianus, a Carthaginian, A.D. 490, who wrote a poem on the marriage of Mercury and philology, and in praise of the liberal arts. The best edition is that of Walthardus, 8vo, Bernæ, 1763.——A gladiator. Juvenal, satire 4, li. 155.

Capēna, a gate of Rome. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 5, li. 192.

Capēnas, a small river of Italy. Statius, Thebiad, bk. 13, li. 85.

Capēni, a people of Etruria, in whose territory Feronia had a grove and a temple. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 697.—Livy, bks. 5, 22, &c.

Caper, a river of Asia Minor.

Capētus, a king of Alba, who reigned 26 years. Dionysius of Halicarnassus.——A suitor of Hippodamia. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 21.

Caphāreus, a lofty mountain and promontory of Eubœa, where Nauplius king of the country, to revenge the death of his son Palamedes, slain by Ulysses, set a burning torch in the darkness of night, which caused the Greeks to be shipwrecked on the coast. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 11, li. 260.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, li. 481.—Propertius, bk. 4, poem 1, li. 115.

Caphyæ, a town of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 23.

Capio, a Roman, famous for his friendship with Cato. Plutarch, ♦de Pat. Am.

♦ reference unknown

Capĭto, the uncle of Paterculus, who joined Agrippa against Crassus. Paterculus, bk. 2, ch. 69.——Fonteius, a man sent by Antony to settle his disputes with Augustus. Horace, bk. 1, satire 5, li. 32.——A man accused of extortion in Cilicia, and severely punished by the senate. Juvenal, satire 8, li. 93.——An epic poet of Alexandria, who wrote on love.——An historian of Lycia, who wrote an account of Isauria in eight books.——A poet who wrote on illustrious men.

Capĭtolīni ludi, games yearly celebrated at Rome in honour of Jupiter, who preserved the capitol from the Gauls.

Capĭtolīnus, a surname of Jupiter, from his temple on mount Capitolinus.——A surname of Marcus Manlius, who, for his ambition, was thrown down from the Tarpeian rock which he had so nobly defended.——A mountain at Rome, called also Mons Tarpeius, and Mons Saturni. The Capitol was built upon it.——A man of lascivious morals, consul with Marcellus. Plutarch, Marcellus.——Julius, an author in Diocletian’s reign, who wrote an account of the life of Verus, Antoninus Pius, the Gordians, &c., most of which are now lost.

Capĭtōlium, a celebrated temple and citadel at Rome on the Tarpeian rock, the plan of which was made by Tarquin Priscus. It was begun by Servius Tullius, finished by Tarquin Superbus, and consecrated by the consul Horatius after the expulsion of the Tarquins from Rome. It was built upon four acres of ground, the front was adorned with three rows of pillars, and the other sides with two. The ascent to it from the ground was by 100 steps. The magnificence and richness of this temple are almost incredible. All the consuls successively made donations to the capitol, and Augustus bestowed upon it at one time 2000 pounds weight of gold. Its thresholds were made of brass, and its roof was gold. It was adorned with vessels and shields of solid silver, with golden chariots, &c. It was burnt during the civil war of Marius, and Sylla rebuilt it, but died before the dedication, which was performed by Quintus Catulus. It was again destroyed in the troubles under Vitellius; and Vespasian, who endeavoured to repair it, saw it again in ruins at his death. Domitian raised it again, for the last time, and made it more grand and magnificent than any of his predecessors, and spent 12,000 talents in gilding it. When they first dug for the foundations, they found a man’s head called Tolius, sound and entire in the ground, and from thence drew an omen of the future greatness of the Roman empire. The hill was from that circumstance called Capitolium, a capite Toli. The consuls and magistrates offered sacrifices there, when they first entered upon their offices, and the procession in triumphs was always conducted to the capitol. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 136; bk. 8, li. 347.—Tacitus, Histories, bk. 3, ch. 72.—Plutarch, Publicola.—Livy, bks. 1, 10, &c.—Pliny, bk. 33, &c.—Suetonius, Augustus, ch. 40.

Cappădŏcia, a country of Asia Minor, between the Halys, the Euphrates, and the Euxine. It receives its name from the river Cappadox, which separates it from Galatia. The inhabitants were called Syrians and Leuco-Syrians by the Greeks. They were of a dull and submissive disposition, and addicted to every vice, according to the ancients, who wrote this virulent epigram against them:

Vipera Cappadocem nocitura momordit; at illa Gustato periit sanguine Cappadocis.

When they were offered their freedom and independence by the Romans, they refused it, and begged of them a king, and they received Ariobarzanes. It was some time after governed by a Roman proconsul. Though the ancients have ridiculed this country for the unfruitfulness of its soil, and the manners of its inhabitants, yet it can boast of the birth of the geographer Strabo, St. Basil, and Gregory Nazianzen, among other illustrious characters. The horses of this country were in general esteem, and with these they paid their tributes to the king of Persia, while under his power, for want of money. The kings of Cappadocia mostly bore the name of Ariarathes. Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 6, li. 39.—Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 3.—Curtius, bks. 3 & 4.—Strabo, bks. 11 & 16.—Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 73; bk. 5, ch. 49.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 2; bk. 3, ch. 8.

Cappădox, a river of Cappadocia. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 3.

Caprăria, now Cabrera, a mountainous island on the coast of Spain, famous for its goats. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 6.

Căpreæ, now Capri, an island on the coast of Campania, abounding in quails, and famous for the residence and debaucheries of the emperor Tiberius, during the seven last years of his life. The island, in which now several medals are dug up expressive of the licentious morals of the emperor, is about 40 miles in circumference, and surrounded by steep rocks. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 15, li. 709.—Suetonius, Tiberius.—Statius, Sylvæ, bk. 3, li. 5.

Capræa Palus, a place near Rome where Romulus disappeared. Plutarch, Romulus.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 2, li. 491.

Capricornus, a sign of the zodiac, in which appear 28 stars in the form of a goat, supposed by the ancients to be the goat Amalthæa, which fed Jupiter with her milk. Some maintain that it is Pan, who changed himself into a goat when frightened at the approach of Typhon. When the sun enters this sign it is the winter solstice, or the longest night in the year. Marcus Manilius, bks. 2 & 4.—Horace, bk. 2, ode 17, li. 19.—Hyginus, fable 196; Poetica Astronomica, bk. 2, ch. 28.

Caprificiālis, a day sacred to Vulcan, on which the Athenians offered him money. Pliny, bk. 11, ch. 15.

Caprīma, a town of Caria.

Caprĭpĕdes, a surname of Pan, the Fauni and the Satyrs, from their having goats’ feet.

Caprias, a great informer in Horace’s age. Horace, bk. 1, satire 4, li. 66.

Caprotīna, a festival celebrated at Rome in July in honour of Juno, at which women only officiated. See: Philotis. Varro, de Lingua Latina, bk. 5.

Caprus, a harbour near mount Athos.

Capsa, a town of Libya, surrounded by vast deserts full of snakes. Florus, bk. 3, ch. 1.—Sallust, Jugurthine War.

Capsăge, a town of Syria. Curtius, bk. 10.

Căpua, the chief city of Campania in Italy, supposed to have been founded by Capys, the father, or rather the companion, of Anchises. This city was very ancient, and so opulent that it even rivalled Rome, and was called altera Roma. The soldiers of Annibal, after the battle of Cannæ, were enervated by the pleasures and luxuries which powerfully prevailed in this voluptuous city and under a soft climate. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 145.—Livy, bks. 4, 7, 8, &c.—Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 7; bk. 2, ch. 44.—Florus, bk. 1, ch. 16.—Cicero, Philippics, bk. 12, ch. 3.—Plutarch, Life of Hannibal.

Capys, a Trojan, who came with Æneas into Italy, and founded Capua. He was one of those who, against the advice of Thymœtes, wished to destroy the wooden horse, which proved the destruction of Troy. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 145.——A son of Assaracus by a daughter of the Simois. He was father of Anchises by Themis. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 4, li. 33.

Capys Sylvius, a king of Alba, who reigned 28 years. Dionysius of Halicarnassus.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 768.

Car, a son of Phoroneus king of Megara. Pausanias, bk. 1, chs. 39 & 40.——A son of Manes, who married Callirhoe daughter of the Mæander. Caria received its name from him. Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 171.

Carabactra, a place in India.

Carabis, a town of Spain.

Carăcalla. See: Antonius.

Caracates, a people of Germany.

Caractăcus, a king of the Britons, conquered by an officer of Claudius Cæsar, A.D. 47. Tacitus, Annals, ♦bk. 12, chs. 33 & 37.

♦ ‘c. 12, 33,’ replaced with ‘12, chs. 33,’

Caræ, certain places between Susa and the Tigris, where Alexander pitched his camp.

Caræus, a surname of Jupiter in Bœotia,——in Caria.

Carălis (or es, ium), the chief city of Sardinia, Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 17.

Carambis, now Kerempi, a promontory of Paphlagonia. Mela, bk. 1, ch. 19.

Carānus, one of the Heraclidæ, the first who laid the foundation of the Macedonian empire, B.C. 814. He took Edessa, and reigned 28 years, which he spent in establishing and strengthening the government of his newly founded kingdom. He was succeeded by Perdiccas. Justin, bk. 7, ch. 1.—Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 6.——A general of Alexander. Curtius, bk. 7.——A harbour of Phœnicia.

Carausius, a tyrant of Britain for seven years, A.D. 293.

Carro, a Roman orator, who killed himself because he could not curb the licentious manners of his countrymen. Cicero, Brutus.——Cneus, a son of the orator Carbo, who embraced the party of Marius, and after the death of Cinna succeeded to the government. He was killed in Spain in his third consulship, by order of Pompey. Valerius Maximus, bk. 9, ch. 13.——An orator, son of Carbo the orator, killed by the army when desirous of re-establishing the ancient military discipline. Cicero, Brutus.

Carchēdon, the Greek name of Carthage.

Carcīnus, a tragic poet of Agrigentum, in the age of Philip of Macedon. He wrote on the rape of Proserpine. Diodorus, bk. 5.——Another of Athens.——Another of Naupactum.——A man of Rhegium, who exposed his son Agathocles on account of some uncommon dreams during his wife’s pregnancy. Agathocles was preserved. Diodorus, bk. 19.——An Athenian general, who laid waste Peloponnesus in the time of Pericles. Diodorus, bk. 12.

Carcĭnus, a constellation, the same as the Cancer. Lucan, bk. 9, li. 536.

Cardaces, a people of Asia Minor. Strabo, bk. 15.

Cardămy̆le, a town of Argos.

Cardia, a town in the Thracian Chersonesus. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 11.

Cardŭchi, a warlike nation of Media, along the borders of the Tigris. Diodorus, bk. 14.

Cāres, a nation which inhabited Caria, and thought themselves the original possessors of that country. They became so powerful that their country was not sufficiently extensive to contain them all, upon which they seized the neighbouring islands of the Ægean sea. These islands were conquered by Minos king of Crete. Nileus son of Codrus invaded their country, and slaughtered many of the inhabitants. In this calamity, the Carians, surrounded on every side by enemies, fortified themselves in the mountainous parts of the country, and, soon after, made themselves terrible by sea. They were anciently called Leleges. Herodotus, bk. 1, chs. 146 & 171.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 40.—Strabo, bk. 13.—Curtius, bk. 6, ch. 3.—Justin, bk. 13, ch. 4.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 725.

Caresa, an island of the Ægean sea, opposite Attica.

Caressus, a river of Troas.

Carfinia, an immodest woman, mentioned Juvenal, satire 2, li. 69.

Cāria, now Aidinelli, a country of Asia Minor, whose boundaries have been different in different ages. Generally speaking, it was at the south of Iona, at the east and north of the Icarian sea, and at the west of Phrygia Major, and Lycia. It has been called Phœnicia, because a Phœnician colony first settled there; and afterwards it received the name of Caria, from Car, a king who first invented the auguries of birds. The chief town was called Halicarnassus, where Jupiter was the chief deity. See: Cares.——A poet of Thrace. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 2.

Carias, a town of Peloponnesus.——A general. See: Laches.

Cariate, a town of Bactriana, where Alexander imprisoned Callisthenes.

Carilla, a town of the Piceni, destroyed by Annibal for its great attachment to Rome. Silius Italicus, bk. 8.

Carīna, a virgin of Caria, &c. Polyænus, bk. 8.

Carinæ, certain edifices at Rome, built in the manner of ships, which were in the temple of Tellus. Some suppose that it was a street in which Pompey’s house was built. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 361.—Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 7.

Carīne, a town near the Caicus in Asia Minor. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 42.

Carīnus Marcus Aurelius, a Roman who attempted to succeed his father Carus as emperor. He was famous for his debaucheries and cruelties. Diocletian defeated him in Dalmatia, and he was killed by a soldier whose wife he had debauched, A.D. 268.

Carisiăcum, a town of ancient Gaul, now Cressy in Picardy.

Carissanum, a place of Italy near which Milo was killed. Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 56.

Caristum, a town of Liguria.

Carmānia, a country of Asia, between Persia and India. Arrian.—Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 23.

Carmānor, a Cretan, who purified Apollo of slaughter. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 30.

Carme, a nymph, daughter of Eubulus and mother of Britomartis by Jupiter. She was one of Diana’s attendants. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 30.

Carmēlus, a god among the inhabitants of ♦mount Carmel, situate between Syria and Judæa. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 2, ch. 78.—Suetonius, Vespasian, ch. 5.

♦ ‘muont’ replaced with ‘mount’

Carmenta and Carmentīs, a prophetess of Arcadia, mother of Evander, with whom she came to Italy, and was received by king Faunus, about 60 years before the Trojan war. Her name was Nicostrata, and she received that of Carmentis from the wildness of her looks when giving oracles, as if carens mentis. She was the oracle of the people of Italy during her life, and after death she received divine honours. She had a temple at Rome, and the Greeks offered her sacrifices under the name of Themis. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 1, li. 467; bk. 6, li. 530.—Plutarch, Romulus.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 339.—Livy, bk. 5, ch. 47.

Carmentāles, festivals at Rome in honour of Carmenta, celebrated the 11th of January, near the Porta Carmentalis, below the Capitol. This goddess was entreated to render the Roman matrons prolific, and their labours easy. Livy, bk. 1, ch. 7.

Carmentālis porta, one of the gates of Rome in the neighbourhood of the Capitol. It was afterwards called Scelerata, because the Fabii passed through it on going to that famous expedition where they perished. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 338.

Carmides, a Greek of an uncommon memory. Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 24.

Carna and Cardinea, a goddess at Rome who presided over hinges, as also over the entrails and secret parts of the human body. She was originally a nymph called Grane, whom Janus ravished, and, for the injury, he gave her the power of presiding over the exterior of houses, and of removing all noxious birds from the doors. The Romans offered her beans, bacon, and vegetables, to represent the simplicity of their ancestors. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 6, li. 101, &c.

Carnasius, a village of Messenia in Peloponnesus. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 33.

Carneădes, a philosopher of Cyrene in Africa, founder of a sect called the third or new academy. The Athenians sent him with Diogenes the Stoic, and Critolaus the Peripatetic, as ambassadors to Rome, B.C. 155. The Roman youth were extremely fond of the company of these learned philosophers; and when Carneades, in a speech, had given an accurate and judicious dissertation upon justice, and in another speech confuted all the arguments he had advanced, and apparently given no existence to the virtue he had so much commended, a report prevailed all over Rome, that a Grecian was come who had so captivated by his words the rising generation, that they forgot their usual amusements, and ran mad after philosophy. When this reached the ears of Cato the censor, he gave immediate audience to the Athenian ambassadors in the senate, and dismissed them in haste, expressing his apprehensions of their corrupting the opinions of the Roman people, whose only profession, he sternly observed, was arms and war. Carneades denied that anything could be perceived or understood in the world, and he was the first who introduced a universal suspension of assent. He died in the 90th year of his age, B.C. 128. Cicero, Letters to Atticus, bk. 12, ltr. 23; On Oratory, bks. 1 & 2.—Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 30.—Lactantius, bk. 5, ch. 14.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 8, ch. 8.

Carneia, a festival observed in most of the Grecian cities, but more particularly at Sparta, where it was first instituted, about 675 B.C., in honour of Apollo, surnamed Carneus. It lasted nine days, and was an imitation of the manner of living in camps among the ancients.

Carnion, a town of Laconia.——A river of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 34.

Carnus, a prophet of Acarnania, from whom Apollo was called Carneus. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 13.

Carnūtes, a people of Celtic Gaul. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 6, ch. 4.

Carpasia and Carpasium, a town of Cyprus.

Carpăthus, an island in the Mediterranean between Rhodes and Crete, now called Scapanto. It has given its name to a part of the neighbouring sea, thence called the Carpathian sea, between Rhodes and Crete. Carpathus was at first inhabited by some Cretan soldiers of Minos. It was 20 miles in circumference, and was sometimes called Tetrapolis, from its four capital cities. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.—Herodotus, bk. 3, ch. 45.—Diodorus, bk. 5.—Strabo, bk. 10.

Carpia, an ancient name of Tartessus. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 19.

Carpis, a river of Mysia. Herodotus.

Carpo, a daughter of Zephyrus, and one of the Seasons. She was loved by Calamus the son of Mæander, whom she equally admired. She was drowned in the Mæander, and was changed by Jupiter into all sorts of fruit. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 35.

Carpophŏra, a name of Ceres and Proserpine in Tegea. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 53.

Carpophŏrus, an actor greatly esteemed by Domitian. Martial.—Juvenal, satire 6, li. 198.

Carræ and Carrhæ, a town of Mesopotamia, near which Crassus was killed. Lucan, bk. 1, li. 105.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 14.

Carrīnātes Secundus, a poor but ingenious rhetorician, who came from Athens to Rome, where the boldness of his expressions, especially against tyrannical power, exposed him to Caligula’s resentment, who banished him. Juvenal, satire 7, li. 205.

Carrūca, a town of Spain. Hirtius, Hispanic War, ch. 27.

Carseŏli, a town of the Æqui, at the west of the lake Fucinus. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 4, li. 683.

Cartalias, a town of Spain.

Carteia, a town at the extremity of Spain, near the sea of Gades, supposed to be the same as Calpe.

Cartēna, a town of Mauritania, now Tenez, on the shores of the Mediterranean.

Carthæa, a town in the island of Cea, whence the epithet of Cartheius. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, li. 368.

Carthāgĭnienses, the inhabitants of Carthage, a rich and commercial nation. See: Carthago.

Carthāgo, a celebrated city of Africa, the rival of Rome, and long the capital of the country, and mistress of Spain, Sicily, and Sardinia. The precise time of its foundation is unknown, yet most writers seem to agree that it was first built by Dido, about 869 years before the christian era, or, according to others, 72 or 93 years before the foundation of Rome. This city and republic flourished for 737 years, and the time of its greatest glory was under Annibal and Amilcar. During the first Punic war, it contained no less than 700,000 inhabitants. It maintained three famous wars against Rome, called the Punic wars [See: Punicum bellum], in the third of which Carthage was totally destroyed by Scipio the second Africanus, B.C. 147, and only 5000 persons were found within the walls. It was 23 miles in circumference, and when it was set on fire by the Romans, it burned incessantly during 17 days. After the destruction of Carthage, Utica became powerful, and the Romans thought themselves secure; and as they had no rival to dispute with them in the field, they fell into indolence and inactivity. Cæsar planted a small colony on the ruins of Carthage. Augustus sent there 3000 men; and Adrian, after the example of his imperial predecessors, rebuilt part of it, which he called Adrianopolis. Carthage was conquered from the Romans by the arms of Genseric, A.D. 439; and it was for more than a century the seat of the Vandal empire in Africa, and fell into the hands of the Saracens in the seventh century. The Carthaginians were governed as a republic, and had two persons yearly chosen among them with regal authority. They were very superstitious, and generally offered human victims to their gods; an unnatural custom, which their allies wished them to abolish, but in vain. They bore the character of a faithless and treacherous people, and the proverb Punica fides is well known. Strabo, bk. 17.—Virgil, Æneid bk. 1, &c.—Mela, bk. 1, &c.—Ptolemy bk. 4.—Justin.—Livy, bk. 4, &c.—Paterculus, bks. 1 & 2.—Plutarch, Life of Hannibal, &c.—Cicero.——Nŏva, a town built in Spain, on the coasts of the Mediterranean, by Asdrubal the Carthaginian general. It was taken by Scipio when Hanno surrendered himself after a heavy loss. It now bears the name of Carthagena. Polybius, bk. 10.—Livy, bk. 26, ch. 43, &c.—Silius Italicus, bk. 15, li. 220, &c.——A daughter of Hercules.

Carthasis, a Scythian, &c. Curtius, bk. 7, ch. 7.

Carthea, a town of Cos. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, fable 9.

Carvilius, a king of Britain, who attacked Cæsar’s naval station by order of Cassivelaunus, &c. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 5, ch. 22.——Spurius, a Roman, who made a large image of the breastplates taken from the Samnites, and placed it in the capitol. Pliny, bk. 34, ch. 7.——The first Roman who divorced his wife during the space of about 600 years. This was for barrenness, B.C. 231. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 2.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 2, ch. 1.

Carus, a Roman emperor who succeeded Probus. He was a prudent and active general; he conquered the Sarmatians, and continued the Persian war which his predecessor had commenced. He reigned two years, and died on the banks of the Tigris as he was going in an expedition against Persia, A.D. 283. He made his two sons, Carinus and Numerianus, Cæsars; and as his many virtues had promised the Romans happiness, he was made a god after death. Eutropius.——One of those who attempted to scale the rock Aornus, by order of Alexander. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 11.

Carya, a town of Arcadia.——A city of Laconia. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 10. Here a festival was observed in honour of Diana Caryatis. It was then usual for virgins to meet at the celebration and join in a certain dance, said to have been first instituted by Castor and Pollux. When Greece was invaded by Xerxes, the Laconians did not appear before the enemy, for fear of displeasing the goddess by not celebrating her festival. At that time the peasants assembled at the usual place, and sang pastorals called Βουκολισμοι, from Βουκολος, a neatherd. From this circumstance some suppose that Bucolics originated. Statius, bk. 4, Thebiad, li. 225.

Caryanda, a town and island on the coast of Caria, now Karacoion.

Caryātæ, a people of Arcadia.

Carystius Antigonus, an historian, &c. B.C. 248.

Carystus, a maritime town on the south of Eubœa, still in existence, famous for its marble. Statius, bk. 2, Sylvæ, poem 2, li. 93.—Martial, bk. 9, ltr. 76.

Caryum, a place of Laconia, where Aristomenes preserved some virgins, &c. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 16.

Casca, one of Cæsar’s assassins, who gave him the first blow. Plutarch, Cæsar.

Cascellius Aulus, a lawyer of great merit in the Augustan age. Horace, Art of Poetry, li. 371.

Casilīnum, a town of Campania. When it was besieged by Hannibal, a mouse sold for 200 denarii. The place was defended by 540 or 570 natives of Præneste, who, when half their number had perished either by war or famine, surrendered to the conqueror. Livy, bk. 23, ch. 19.—Strabo, bk. 5.—Cicero, De Inventione, bk. 2, ch. 5.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 5.

Casīna and Casīnum, a town of Campania. Silius Italicus, bk. 4, li. 227.

Casius, a mountain near the Euphrates.——Another at the east of Pelusium, where Pompey’s tomb was raised by Adrian. Jupiter, surnamed Casius, had a temple there. Lucan, bk. 8, li. 858.——Another in Syria, from whose top the sun can be seen rising, though it be still the darkness of night at the bottom of the mountain. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 22.—Mela, bks. 1 & 3.

Casmenæ, a town built by the Syracusans in Sicily. Thucydides, bk. 6, ch. 5.

Casmilla, the mother of Camilla. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 11, li. 543.

Caspĕria, wife of Rhœtus king of the Marrubii, committed adultery with her son-in-law. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 388.——A town of the Sabines. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 714.

Caspĕrŭla, a town of the Sabines. Silius Italicus, bk. 8, li. 416.

Caspiæ portæ, certain passes of Asia, which some place about Caucasus and the Caspian sea, and others between Persia and the Caspian sea, or near mount Taurus, or Armenia, or Cilicia. Diodorus, bk. 1.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 27; bk. 6, ch. 13.

Caspiana, a country of Armenia.

Caspii, a Scythian nation near the Caspian sea. Such as had lived beyond their 70th year were starved to death. Their dogs were remarkable for their fierceness. Herodotus, bk. 3, ch. 92, &c.; bk. 7, ch. 67, &c.—Cornelius Nepos, bk. 14, ch. 8.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 798.

Caspium mare, or Hyrcānum, a large sea in the form of a lake, which has no communication with other seas, and lies between the Caspian and Hyrcanian mountains, at the north of Parthia, receiving in its capacious bed the tribute of several large rivers. Ancient authors assure us that it produced enormous serpents and fishes, different in colour and kind from those of all other waters. The eastern parts are more particularly called the Hyrcanian sea, and the western the Caspian. It is now called the sea of Sala or Baku. The Caspian is about 680 miles long, and in no part more than 260 in breadth. There are no tides in it, and on account of its numerous shoals, it is navigable to vessels drawing only nine or ten feet of water. It has strong currents, and, like inland seas, is liable to violent storms. Some navigators examined it in 1708, by order of the Czar Peter, and after the labour of three years, a map of its extent was published. Its waters are described as brackish, and not impregnated with salt so much as the wide ocean. Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 202, &c.—Curtius, bk. 3, ch. 2; bk. 6, ch. 4; bk. 7, ch. 3.—Strabo, bk. 11.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 2; bk. 3, chs. 5 & 6.—Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 13.—Dionysius Periegetes, li. 50.

Caspius mons, a branch of mount Taurus, between Media and Armenia, at the east of the Euphrates. The Caspiæ portæ are placed in the defiles of the mountain by some geographers.

Cassandāne, the mother of Cambyses by Cyrus. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 1; bk. 3, ch. 2.

Cassander, son of Antipater, made himself master of Macedonia after his father’s death, where he reigned for 18 years. He married Thessalonica the sister of Alexander, to strengthen himself on his throne. Olympias the mother of Alexander wished to keep the kingdom of Macedonia for Alexander’s young children; and therefore she destroyed the relations of Cassander, who besieged her in the town of Pydna, and put her to death. Roxane, with her son Alexander, and Barsane the mother of Hercules, both wives of Alexander, shared the fate of Olympias with their children. Antigonus, who had been for some time upon friendly terms with Cassander, declared war against him; and Cassander, to make himself equal with his adversary, made a league with Lysimachus and Seleucus, and obtained a memorable victory at Ipsus, B.C. 301. He died three years after this victory, of a dropsy. His son Antipater killed his mother; and for his unnatural murder he was put to death by his brother Alexander, who, to strengthen himself, invited Demetrius the son of Antigonus from Asia. Demetrius took advantage of the invitation, and put to death Alexander, and ascended the throne of Macedonia. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 15.—Diodorus, bk. 19.—Justin, bks. 12, 13, &c.

Cassandra, daughter of Priam and Hecuba, was passionately loved by Apollo, who promised to grant her whatever she might require, if she would gratify his passion. She asked the power of knowing futurity; and as soon as she had received it, she refused to perform her promise, and slighted Apollo. The god, in his disappointment, wetted her lips with his tongue, and by this action effected that no credit or reliance should ever be put upon her predictions, however true or faithful they might be. Some maintain that she received the gift of prophecy with her brother Helenus, by being placed when young one night in the temple of Apollo, where serpents were found wreathed round their bodies and licking their ears, which circumstance gave them the knowledge of futurity. She was looked upon by the Trojans as insane, and she was even confined, and her predictions were disregarded. She was courted by many princes during the Trojan war. When Troy was taken, she fled for shelter to the temple of Minerva, where Ajax found her, and offered her violence, with the greatest cruelty, at the foot of Minerva’s statue. In the division of the spoils of Troy, Agamemnon, who was enamoured of her, took her as his wife, and returned with her to Greece. She repeatedly foretold to him the sudden calamities that awaited his return; but he gave no credit to her, and was assassinated by his wife Clytemnestra. Cassandra shared his fate, and saw all her prophecies but too truly fulfilled. See: Agamemnon. Aeschylus, Agamemnon.—Homer, Iliad, bk. 13, li. 363; Odyssey, bk. 4.—Hyginus, fable 117.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 2, li. 246, &c.—Quintus Calaber [Smyrnæus], bk. 13, li. 421.—Euripides, Trojan Women.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 16; bk. 3, ch. 19.