A.U.C. 538. Caius Terentius Varro; Lucius Æmilius Paulus 2. The famous battle of Cannæ. Annibal marches to Capua. Marcellus beats Annibal near Nola. Asdrubal begins his march towards Italy, and his army is totally defeated by the Scipios.
A.U.C. 539. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus; Quintus Fabius Maximus 2. Philip of Macedonia enters into alliance with Annibal. Sardinia revolts, and is reconquered by Manlius. The Carthaginians twice beaten in Spain by Scipio.
A.U.C. 540. Quintus Fabius Maximus 3; Marcus Claudius Marcellus 2. Marcellus besieges Syracuse by sea and land.
A.U.C. 541. Quintus Fabius Maximus 4; Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus 3. The siege of Syracuse continued.
A.U.C. 542. Quintus Fulvius Flaccus; Appius Claudius Pulcher. Syracuse taken and plundered. Sicily made a Roman province. Tarentum treacherously delivered to Annibal. The two Scipios conquered in Spain.
A.U.C. 543. Cnæus Fulvius Centumalus. Publius Sulpicius Galba. Capua besieged and taken by the Romans. Publius Scipio sent to Spain with proconsular power.
A.U.C. 544. Marcus Claudius Marcellus 4; Marcus Valerius Lævinus 2. The Carthaginians driven from Sicily. Carthagena taken by young Scipio.
A.U.C. 545. Quintus Fabius Maximus 5; Quintus Fulvius Flaccus 4. Annibal defeated by Marcellus. Fabius takes Tarentum. Asdrubal defeated by Scipio.
A.U.C. 546. Marcus Claudius Marcellus 5; Titus Quintius Crispinus. Marcellus killed in an ambuscade by Annibal. The Carthaginian fleet defeated.
A.U.C. 547. Caius Claudius Nero; Marcus Livius 2. Asdrubal passes the Alps. Nero obtains some advantage over Annibal. The two consuls defeat Asdrubal, who is killed, and his head thrown into Annibal’s camp. The Romans make war against Philip.
A.U.C. 548. Lucius Veturius; Quintus Cæcilius. Scipio obtains a victory over Asdrubal the son of Gisgo in Spain. Masinissa sides with the Romans.
A.U.C. 549. Publius Cornelius Scipio; Publius Licinius Crassus. Scipio is empowered to invade Africa.
A.U.C. 550. Marcus Cornelius Cethegus; Publius Sempronius Tuditanus. Scipio lands in Africa. The census taken, and 215,000 heads of families found in Rome.
A.U.C. 551. Cnæus Servilius Cæpio; Caius Servilius Geminus. Scipio spreads general consternation in Africa. Annibal is recalled from Italy by the Carthaginian senate.
A.U.C. 552. Marcus Servilius; Tiberius Claudius. Annibal and Scipio come to a parley; they prepare for battle. Annibal is defeated at Zama. Scipio prepares to besiege Carthage.
A.U.C. 553. Cnæus Cornelius Lentulus; Publius Ælius Pætus. Peace granted to the Carthaginians. Scipio triumphs.
A.U.C. 554. Publius Sulpicius Galba 2; Caius Aurelius Cotta. War with the Macedonians.
A.U.C. 555. Lucius Cornelius Lentulus; Publius Villius Tapulus. The Macedonian war continued.
A.U.C. 556. Sextus Ælius Pætus; Titus Quintius Flaminius. Philip defeated by Quintius.
A.U.C. 557. Caius Cornelius Cethegus; Qitus Minucius Rufus. Philip is defeated. Quintius grants him peace.
A.U.C. 558. Lucius Furius Purpureo; Marcus Claudius Marcellus. The independence of Greece proclaimed by Flaminius at the Isthmian games.
A.U.C. 559. Lucius Valerius Flaccus; Marcus Porcius Cato. Quintius regulates the affairs of Greece. Cato’s victories in Spain, and triumph. The Romans demand Annibal from the Carthaginians.
A.U.C. 560. Publius Corn. Scipio Africanus 2; T. Sempronius Longus. Annibal flies to Antiochus.
A.U.C. 561. Lucius Cornelius Merula; Quintus Minucius Thermus. Antiochus prepares to make war against Rome, and Annibal endeavours in vain to stir up the Carthaginians to take up arms.
A.U.C. 562. Lucius Quintus Flamininus; Cnæus Domitius. The Greeks call Antiochus to deliver them.
A.U.C. 563. Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica; Manlius Acilius Glabrio. The success of Acilius in Greece against Antiochus.
A.U.C. 564. Lucius Cornelius Scipio; Caius Lælius. The fleet of Antiochus under Annibal defeated by the Romans. Antiochus defeated by Scipio.
A.U.C. 565. Marcus Fulvius Nobilior; Cnæus Manlius Vulso. War with the Gallogrecians.
A.U.C. 566. Marcus Valerius Messala; Caius Livius Salinator. Antiochus dies.
A.U.C. 567. Marcus Æmilius Lepidus; Caius Flaminius. The Ligurians reduced.
A.U.C. 568. Spurius Postumius Albinus; Quintus Marcius Philippus. The Bacchanalia abolished at Rome.
A.U.C. 569. Appius Claudius Pulcher; L. Marcus Sempronius Tuditanus. Victories in Spain and Liguria.
A.U.C. 570. Publius Claudius Pulcher; Lucius Porcius Licinius. Philip of Macedon sends his son Demetrius to Rome.
A.U.C. 571. Marcus Claudius Marcellus; Quintus Fabius Labeo. Death of Annibal, Scipio, and Philopœmen. Gauls invade Italy.
A.U.C. 572. ♦Cnæus Bæbius Tamphilus; Lucius Æmilius Paulus. Death of Philip.
♦ ‘M.’ replaced with ‘Cnæus’
A.U.C. 573. Publius Cornelius Cethegus; Marcus Bæbius Tamphilus 2. Expeditions against Liguria. The first gilt statue raised at Rome.
A.U.C. 574. Aulus Postumius Albinus Luscus; Caius Calpurnius Piso. Celtiberians defeated.
A.U.C. 575. Quintus Fulvius Flaccus; Lucius Manlius Acidinus. Alliance renewed with Perseus the son of Philip.
A.U.C. 576. Marcus Junius Brutus; Aulus Manlius Vulso.
A.U.C. 577. Caius Claudius Pulcher; Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus. The Istrians defeated.
A.U.C. 578. Cnæus Cornelius Scipio Hispalus; Quintus Petillius Spurinus.
A.U.C. 579. Publius Mucius; Marcus Æmilius Lepidus 2.
A.U.C. 580. Spurius Postumius Albinus; Quintus Mucius Scævola.
A.U.C. 581. Lucius Postumius Albinus; Marcus Popilius Lænas.
A.U.C. 582. Caius Popilius Lænas; Publius Ælius Ligur. War declared against Perseus.
A.U.C. 583. Publius Licinius Crassus; Caius Cassius Longinus. Perseus gains some advantages over the Romans.
A.U.C. 584. Aulus Hostilius Mancinus; Aulus Atilius Serranus.
A.U.C. 585. Quintus Marcius Philippus 2; Cnæus Servilius Cæpio. The campaign in Macedonia.
A.U.C. 586. Lucius Æmilius Paulus 2; Caius Licinius Crassus. Perseus is defeated and taken prisoner by Paulus.
A.U.C. 587. Quintus Ælius Pætus; Marcus Junius Pennus.
A.U.C. 588. Marcus Claudius Marcellus; Caius Sulpicius Galba.
A.U.C. 589. Cnæus Octavius Nepos; Titus Manlius Torquatus.
A.U.C. 590. Aulus Manlius Torquatus; Quintus Cassius Longus.
A.U.C. 591. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus; Manlius Juvencius Phalna.
A.U.C. 592. Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica; Caius Marcius Figulus. Demetrius flies from Rome, and is made king of Syria.
A.U.C. 593. Marcus Valerius Messala; Caius Fannius Strabo.
A.U.C. 594. Lucius Anicius Gallus; Marcus Cornelius Cethegus.
A.U.C. 595. Cnæus Cornelius Dolabella; Marcus Fulvius Nobilior.
A.U.C. 596. Marcus Æmilius Lepidus; Caius Popilius Lænas.
A.U.C. 597. Sextus Julius Cæsar; Lucius Aurelius Orestes. War against the Dalmatians.
A.U.C. 598. Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Lupus; Caius Marcius Figulus 2.
A.U.C. 599. Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica 2; Marcus Claudius Marcellus 2.
A.U.C. 600. Quintus Opimius Nepos; Lucius Postumius Albinus.
A.U.C. 601. Quintus Fulvius Nobilior; Titus Annius Luscus. The false Philip. Wars in Spain.
A.U.C. 602. Marcus Claudius Marcellus 3; Lucius Valerius Flaccus.
A.U.C. 603. Lucius Licinius Lucullus; Aulus Posthumius Albinus.
A.U.C. 604. Titus Quintius Flamininus; Manius Acilius Balbus. War between the Carthaginians and Masinissa.
A.U.C. 605. Lucius Marcius Censorinus; Manius Manlius Nepos. The Romans declare war against Carthage. The Carthaginians wish to accept the hard conditions which are imposed upon them; but the Romans say that Carthage must be destroyed.
A.U.C. 606. Spurius Postumius Albinus; Lucius Calpurnius Piso. Carthage besieged.
A.U.C. 607. Publius Cornelius Scipio; Caius Livius Drusus. The siege of Carthage continued with vigour by Scipio.
A.U.C. 608. Cnæus Cornelius Lentulus; Lucius Mummius. Carthage surrenders, and is destroyed. Mummius takes and burns Corinth.
A.U.C. 609. Quintus Fabius Æmilianus; Lucius Hostilius Mancinius.
A.U.C. 610. Servius Sulpicius Galba; Lucius Aurelius Cotta.
A.U.C. 611. Appius Claudius Pulcher; Quintus Cæcilius Metellus Macedonicus. War against the Celtiberians.
A.U.C. 612. Lucius Metellus Calvus; Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus.
A.U.C. 613. Quintus Pompeius; Cnæus Servilius Cæpio.
A.U.C. 614. Caius Lælius Sapiens; Quintus Servilius Cæpio. The wars with Viriatus.
A.U.C. 615. Marcus Popilius Lænas; Cnæus Calpurnius Piso.
A.U.C. 616. Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica; Decimus Junius Brutus. The two consuls imprisoned by the tribunes.
A.U.C. 617. Marcus Æmilius Lepidus; Caius Hostilius Mancinus. Wars against Numantia.
A.U.C. 618. ♦Lucius Furius Philus; Sextus Atilius Serranus.
♦ ‘P.’ replaced with ‘Lucius’
A.U.C. 619. Servius Fulvius Flaccus; Quintus Calpurnius Piso.
A.U.C. 620. Publius Cornelius Scipio 2; Caius Fulvius Flaccus.
A.U.C. 621. Publius Mucius Scævola; Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi. Numantia surrenders to Scipio, and is entirely demolished. The seditions of Tiberias Gracchus at Rome.
A.U.C. 622. Publius Popilius Lænas; Publius Rupillus.
A.U.C. 623. Publius Licinius Crassus; Lucius Valerius Flaccus.
A.U.C. 624. Caius Claudius Pulcher; Marcus Perpenna. In the census are found 313,823 citizens.
A.U.C. 625. Caius Sempronius Tuditanus; Manius Aquilius Nepos.
A.U.C. 626. Cnæus Octavius Nepos; Titus Annius Luscus.
A.U.C. 627. Lucius Cassius Longus; Lucius Cornelius Cinna. A revolt of slaves in Sicily.
A.U.C. 628. ♦Marcus Æmilius Lepidus; Lucius Aurelius Orestes.
♦ ‘L.’ replaced with ‘Marcus’
A.U.C. 629. Marcus Plautius Hypsæus; Marcus Fulvius Flaccus.
A.U.C. 630. Caius Cassius Longinus; ♦Caius Sextius Calvinus.
♦ ‘L.’ replaced with ‘Caius’
A.U.C. 631. Quintus Cæcilius Metellus; Titus Quintius Flamininus.
A.U.C. 632. Caius Fannius Strabo; Cnæus Domitius Ahenobarbus. The seditions of Caius Gracchus.
A.U.C. 633. Lucius Opimius; Quintus Fabius Maximus. The unfortunate end of Caius Gracchus. The Allobroges defeated.
A.U.C. 634. Publius Manlius Nepos; Caius Papirius Carbo.
A.U.C. 635. Lucius Cæcilius Metellus Calvus; Lucius Aurelius Cotta.
A.U.C. 636. Marcus Portius Cato; Quintus Marcius Rex.
A.U.C. 637. Lucius Cæcilius Metellus; Quintus Mutius Scævola.
A.U.C. 638. Caius Licinius Geta; Quintus Fabius Maximus Eburnus.
A.U.C. 639. Marcus Cæcilius Metellus; Marcus Æmilius Scaurus.
A.U.C. 640. Manius Acilius Balbus; Caius Portius Cato.
A.U.C. 641. Caius Cæcilius Metellus; Cnæus Papirius Carbo.
A.U.C. 642. Marcus Livius Drusis; Lucius Calpurnius Piso. The Romans declare war against Jugurtha.
A.U.C. 643. Publius Scipio Nasica; Lucius Calpurnius Bestia. Calpurnius bribed and defeated by ♦Jugurtha.
♦ ‘Jugartha’ replaced with ‘Jugurtha’
A.U.C. 644. Marcus Minucius Rufus; Spurius Postumius Albinus.
A.U.C. 645. Quintus Cæcilius Metellus; Marcus Junius Silanus. Success of Metellus against Jugurtha.
A.U.C. 646. Servius Sulpicius Galba; Marcus Aurelius Scaurus. Metellus continues the war.
A.U.C. 647. Caius Marius; Lucius Cassius. The war against Jugurtha continued with vigour by Marius.
A.U.C. 648. Caius Atilius Serranus; Quintus Servilius Cæpio. Jugurtha betrayed by Bocchus into the hands of Sylla the lieutenant of Marius.
A.U.C. 649. Publius Rutilius Rufus; ♦Cnæus Mallius Maximus. Marius triumphs over Jugurtha. Two Roman armies defeated by the Cimbri and Teutones.
♦ ‘Corn. Maniius’ replaced with ‘Cnæus Mallius’
A.U.C. 650. Caius Marius 2; Caius Flavius Fimbria. The Cimbri march towards Spain.
A.U.C. 651. Caius Marius 3; Lucius Aurelius Orestes. The Cimbri defeated in Spain.
A.U.C. 652. Caius Marius 4; Quintus Lutatius Catulus. The Teutones totally defeated by Marius.
A.U.C. 653. Caius Marius 5; Manius Aquilius. The Cimbri enter Italy, and are defeated by Marius and Catulus.
A.U.C. 654. Caius Marius 6; Lucius Valerius Flaccus. Factions against Metellus.
A.U.C. 655. Marcus Antonius; Aulus Postumius Albinus. Metellus is gloriously recalled.
A.U.C. 656. ♦Quintus Cæcilius Metellus Nepos; Titus Didius.
♦ ‘L.’ replaced with ‘Quintus’
A.U.C. 657. Cnæus Cornelius Lentulus; Publius Licinius Crassus.
A.U.C. 658. Cnæus Domitius Ahenobarbus; Caius Cassius Longinus. The kingdom of Cyrene left by will to the Roman people.
A.U.C. 659. Lucius Licinius Crassus; Quintus Mucius Scævola. Seditions of Norbanus.
A.U.C. 660. Caius Cœlius Caldus; Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus.
A.U.C. 661. Caius Valerius Flaccus; Marcus Herennius. Sylla exhibited a combat of 100 lions with men in the Circus.
A.U.C. 662. Caius Claudius Pulcher; Marcus Perpenna. The allies wish to be admitted citizens of Rome.
A.U.C. 663. Lucius Marcius Philippus; Sextus Julius Cæsar. The allies prepare to revolt.
A.U.C. 664. ♦Lucius Julius Cæsar; Publius Rutulius Rufus. Wars with the Marsi.
♦ ‘M.’ replaced with ‘Lucius’
A.U.C. 665. Cnæus Pompeius Strabo; Lucius Portius Cato. The great valour of Sylla surnamed the Fortunate.
A.U.C. 666. Lucius Cornelius Sylla; Quintus Pompeius Rufus. Sylla appointed to conduct the Mithridatic war. Marius is empowered to supersede him; upon which Sylla returns to Rome with his army, and takes it, and has Marius and his adherents judged as enemies.
A.U.C. 667. Cnæus Octavius; Lucius Cornelius Cinna. Cinna endeavours to recall Marius, and is expelled. Marius returns, and with Cinna marches against Rome. Civil wars and slaughter.
A.U.C. 668. Caius Marius 7; Lucius Cornelius Cinna 2. Marius died, and Lucius Valerius Flaccus was chosen in his room. The Mithridatic war.
A.U.C. 669. Lucius Cornelius Cinna 3; Cnæus Papirius Carbo. The Mithridatic war continued by Sylla.
A.U.C. 670. Lucius Cornelius Cinna 4; Cnæus Papirius Carbo 2. Peace with Mithridates.
A.U.C. 671. Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus; Caius Norbanus. The capitol burnt. Pompey joins Sylla.
A.U.C. 672. Caius Marius; Cnæus Papirius Carbo 3. Civil wars at Rome between Marius and Sylla. Murder of the citizens by order of Sylla, who makes himself dictator.
A.U.C. 673. Marcus Tullius Decula; Cnæus Cornelius Dolabella. Sylla weakens and circumscribes the power of the tribunes. Pompey triumphs over Africa.
A.U.C. 674. Lucius Cornelius Sylla Felix 2; Quintus Cæcilius Metellus Pius. War against Mithridates.
A.U.C. 675. Publius Servilius Vatia; Appius Claudius Pulcher. Sylla abdicates the dictatorship.
A.U.C. 676. Marcus Æmilius Lepidus; Quintus Lutatius Catulus. Sylla dies.
A.U.C. 677. Decimus Junius Brutus; Mamercus Æmilius Lepidus Livianus. A civil war between Lepidus and Catulus. Pompey goes against Sertorius in Spain.
A.U.C. 678. Cnæus Octavius; ♦Gaius Scribonius Curio. Sertorius defeated.
♦ ‘M.’ replaced with ‘Gaius’
A.U.C. 679. ♦Lucius Octavius; Caius Aurelius Cotta. Mithridates and Sertorius make a treaty of alliance together. Sertorius murdered by Perpenna.
♦ ‘Cn.’ replaced with ‘Lucius’
A.U.C. 680. Lucius Licinius Lucullus; Marcus Aurelius Cotta. Lucullus conducts the Mithridatic war.
A.U.C. 681. Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus; Caius Cassius ♦Longinus. The gladiators make head against the Romans with much success.
♦ ‘Varus Spartacus’ replaced with ‘Longinus’
A.U.C. 682. Lucius Gellius Poplicola; Cnæus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus. Victories of Spartacus over three Roman generals.
A.U.C. 683. Cnæus Aufidius Orestes; Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura. Crassus defeats and kills Spartacus near Apulia.
A.U.C. 684. Marcus Licinius Crassus; Cnæus Pompeius Magnus. Successes of Lucullus against Mithridates. The census amounts to above 900,000.
A.U.C. 685. Quintus Hortensius 2; Quintus Cæcilius Metellus. Lucullus defeats Tigranes king of Armenia, and meditates the invasion of Parthia.
A.U.C. 686. Quintus Marcius Rex; Lucius Cæcilius Metellus. Lucullus defeats the united forces of Mithridates and Tigranes.
A.U.C. 687. Manius Acilius Glabrio; Caius Calpurnius Piso. Lucullus falls under the displeasure of his troops, who partly desert him. Pompey goes against the pirates.
A.U.C. 688. Manius Æmilius Lepidus; Lucius Volcatus Tullus. Pompey succeeds Lucullus to finish the Mithridatic war, and defeats the enemy.
A.U.C. 689. Lucius Aurelius Cotta; Lucius Manlius Torquatus. Success of Pompey in Asia.
A.U.C. 690. Lucius Julius Cæsar; Caius Martius Figulus. Pompey goes to Syria. His conquests there.
A.U.C. 691. Marcus Tullius Cicero; Caius Antonius. Mithridates poisons himself. Catiline conspires against the state. Cicero discovers the conspiracy, and punishes the adherents.
A.U.C. 692. Decimus Junius Silanus; Lucius Licinius Muræna. Pompey triumphs over the Pirates, and over Mithridates, Tigranes, and Aristobulus.
A.U.C. 693. Marcus Puppius Piso; Marcus Valerius Messala Niger.
A.U.C. 694. Lucius Afranius; Quintus Metellus Celer. A reconciliation between Crassus, Pompey, and Cæsar.
A.U.C. 695. Caius Julius Cæsar; Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus. Cæsar breaks the fasces of his colleague, and is sole consul. He obtains the government of Gaul for five years.
A.U.C. 696. ♦Lucius Calpurnius Piso; Aulus Gabinius Paulus. Cicero banished by means of Clodius. Cato goes against Ptolemy king of Cyprus. Successes of Cæsar in Gaul.
♦ ‘C.’ replaced with ‘Lucius’
A.U.C. 697. Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther; Quintus Cæcilius Metellus Nepos. Cicero recalled. Cæsar’s success and victories.
A.U.C. 698. Cnæus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus; Lucius Marcius Philippus. The triumvirate of Cæsar, Pompey, and Crassus.
A.U.C. 699. Cnæus Pompeius Magnus 2; Marcus Licinius Crassus 2. Crassus goes against Parthia. Cæsar continued for five years more in the administration of Gaul. His conquest of Britain.
A.U.C. 700. Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; Appius Claudius Pulcher. Great victories of Cæsar.
A.U.C. 701. Cnæus Domitius Calvinus; Marcus Valerius Messala. Crassus defeated and slain in Parthia. Milo kills Clodius.
A.U.C. 702. Cnæus Pompeius Magnus 3; the only consul. He afterwards took for colleague, Quintus Cæcilius Metullus Pius Scipio. Revolts of the Gauls crushed by Cæsar.
A.U.C. 703. Servius Sulpicius Rufus; Marcus Claudius Marcellus. Rise of the jealousy between Cæsar and Pompey.
A.U.C. 704. Lucius Æmilius Paulus; ♦Gaius Claudius Marcellus. Cicero proconsul of Cilicia. Increase of the differences between Cæsar and Pompey.
♦ ‘P.’ replaced with ‘Gaius’
A.U.C. 705. Caius Claudius Marcellus; Lucius Cornelius Lentulus. Cæsar begins the civil war. Pompey flies from Rome. Cæsar made dictator.
A.U.C. 706. Caius Julius Cæsar 2; Publius Servilius Isauricus. Cæsar defeats Pompey at Pharsalia Pompey murdered in Egypt. The wars of Cæsar in Egypt.
A.U.C. 707. Quintus Fusius Calenus; Publius Vatinius. Power and influence of Cæsar at Rome. He reduces Pontus.
A.U.C. 708. Caius Julius Cæsar 3; Marcus Æmilius Lepidus. Cæsar defeats Pompey’s partisans in Africa, and takes Utica.
A.U.C. 709. Caius Julius Cæsar 4; Consul alone. He conquered the partisans of Pompey in Spain, and was declared perpetual Dictator and Imperator, &c.
A.U.C. 710. Caius Julius Cæsar 5; Marcus Antonius. Cæsar meditates a war against Parthia. Above 600 Romans conspire against Cæsar, and murder him in the senate-house. Antony raises himself to power. The rise of Octavius.
A.U.C. 711. Caius Vibius Pansa; Aulus Hirtius. Antony judged a public enemy. He joins Augustus. Triumvirate of Antony, Augustus, and Lepidus.
A.U.C. 712. Lucius Minucius Plancus; Marcus Æmilius Lepidus 2. Great honours paid to the memory of Julius Cæsar. Brutus and Cassius join their forces against Augustus and Antony.
A.U.C. 713. Lucius Antonius; Publius Servilius Isauricus 2. Battle of Philippi, and the defeat of Brutus and Cassius.
A.U.C. 714. Cnæus Domitius Calvinus; Caius Asinius Pollio. Antony joins the son of Pompey against Augustus. The alliance of short duration.
A.U.C. 715. Lucius Marcius Censorinus; Caius Calvisius Sabinus. Antony marries Octavia the sister of Augustus, to strengthen their mutual alliance.
A.U.C. 716. Appius Claudius Pulcher; Caius Norbanus Flaccus; to whom were substituted Caius Octavianus and Quintus Pedius. Sext. Pompey the son of Pompey the Great makes himself powerful by sea to oppose Augustus.
A.U.C. 717. Marcus Agrippa; Lucius Caninius Gallus. Agrippa is appointed by Augustus to oppose Sextus Pompey with a fleet. He builds the famous harbour of Misenum.
A.U.C. 718. Lucius Gellius Poplicola; Marcus Cocceius Nerva. Agrippa obtains a naval victory over Pompey, who delivers himself to Antony, by whom he is put to death.
A.U.C. 719. Lucius Cornificus Nepos; Sextus Pompeius Nepos. Lentulus removed from power by Augustus.
A.U.C. 720. Lucius Scribonius Libo; Marcus Antonius 2. Augustus and Antony, being sole masters of the Roman empire, make another division of the provinces. Cæsar obtains the west, and Antony the east.
A.U.C. 721. Caius Cæsar Octavianus 2; Lucius Volcatius Tullus. Octavia divorced by Antony, who marries Cleopatra.
A.U.C. 722. Cnæus Domitius Ahenobarbus; Caius Sosius. Dissensions between Augustus and Antony.
A.U.C. 723. Caius Cæsar Octavianus 3; Marcus Valerius Messala Corvinus. The battle of Actium, which, according to some authors, happened the year of Rome 721. The end of the commonwealth.
Consus, a deity at Rome, who presided over councils. His temple was covered in the Maximus Circus, to show that councils ought to be secret and inviolable. Some suppose that it is the same as Neptunus Equestris. Romulus instituted festivals to his honour, called Consualia, during the celebration of which the Romans carried away the Sabine women. See: Consuales ludi. Plutarch, Romulus.—Ausonius, ltr. 69, & Ecolgue 13, poem 23, on Roman festivals, li. 19.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 1.—Livy, bk. 1, ch. 9.
Consygna, the wife of Nicomedes king of Bithynia, torn in pieces by dogs for her lascivious deportment. Pliny, bk. 8, ch. 40.
Contadesdus, a river of Thrace. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 90.
Contubia, a town in Spain. Florus, bk. 2, ch. 17.
Coon, the eldest son of Antenor, killed by Agamemnon. Homer, Iliad.
Coos, Cos, Cea, and Co, an island of the Ægean sea. See: Co.
Copæ, a place of Greece, near the Cephisus. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 7.
Copais lacus, now Limne, a lake of Bœotia, into which the Cephisus and other rivers empty themselves. It is famous for its excellent eels. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 24.
Cophas, a son of Artabazus. Curtius, bk. 7, ch. 11.——A river of India. Dionysius Periegetes.
Cophontis, a burning mountain of Bactriana. Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 106.
Copia, the goddess of plenty among the Romans, represented as bearing a horn filled with grapes, fruits, &c.
Copillus, a general of the Tectosagæ, taken by the Romans. Plutarch, Sulla.
C. Coponius, a commander of the fleet of Rhodes, at Dyrracchium, in the interest of Pompey. Cicero, bk. 1, de Divinatione, ch. 8.—Paterculus, bk. 2, ch. 83.
Coprates, a river of Asia, falling into the Tigris. Diodorus, bk. 19.
Copreus, a son of Pelops, who fled to Mycenæ at the death of Iphitus. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 5.
Coptus and Coptos, now Kypt, a town of Egypt, about 100 leagues from Alexandria, on a canal which communicates with the Nile. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 9; bk. 6, ch. 23.—Strabo, bk. 16.—Juvenal, satire 15, li. 28.
Cora, a town of Latium, on the confines of the Volsci, built by a colony of Dardanians before the foundation of Rome. Lucan, bk. 7, li. 392.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 775.
Coracēsium and Coracensium, a maritime town of Pamphylia. Livy, bk. 33, ch. 20.
Coraconāsus, a town of Arcadia, where the Ladon falls into the Alpheus. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 25.
Coraletæ, a people of Scythia. Flaccus, bk. 6, li. 81.
Coralli, a savage people of Pontus. Ovid, ex Ponto, bk. 4, poem 2, li. 37.
Coranus, a miser. See: ♦Nascia.
♦ ‘Nascia’ not referenced
Coras, a brother of Catillus and Tyburtus, who fought against Æneas. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 672.
Corax, an ancient rhetorician of Sicily, who first demanded a salary of his pupils. Cicero, Brutus, ch. 12; On Oratory, bk. 1, ch. 20.—Aulus Gellius, bk. 5, ch. 10.—Quintilian, bk. 3, ch. 1.——A king of Sicyon.——A mountain of Ætolia. Livy, bk. 36, ch. 30.
Coraxi, a people of Colchis. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 5.
Corbeus, a Gaul, &c. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 8, ch. 6.
Corbis and Orsua, two brothers, who fought for the dominion of a city, in the presence of Scipio, in Spain. Livy, bk. 28, ch. 21.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 9, ch. 11.
Corbŭlo Domitius, a prefect of Belgium, who, when governor of Syria, routed the Parthians, destroyed Artaxata, and made Tigranes king of Armenia. Nero, jealous of his virtues, ordered him to be murdered; and Corbulo hearing this, fell upon his sword, exclaiming, “I have well deserved this!” A.D. 66. His name was given to a place (Monumentum) in Germany, which some suppose to be modern Groningen. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 11, ch. 18.
Corcȳra, an island in the Ionian sea, about 12 miles from Buthrotum, on the coast of Epirus; famous for the shipwreck of Ulysses, and the gardens of Alcinous. It has been successively Drepane, Scheria, and Phæacia, and now bears the name of Corfu. Some Corinthians, with Chersicrates at their head, came to settle there, when banished from their country, 703 years before the christian era. A colony of Colchis had settled there 1349 years before Christ. The war which was carried on by the Athenians against the Corcyreans, and was called Corcyrean, became but a preparation for the Peloponnesian war. The people of Corcyra were once so hated by the Cretans, that such as were found on the island of Crete were always put to death. Ovid, Ibis, li. 512.—Homer, Odyssey, bk. 5, &c.—Lucan, bk. 9, li. 32.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 7.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.—Strabo, bk. 6.
Cordŭba, now Cordova, a famous city of Hispania Bætica, the native place of both the Senecas and of Lucan. Martial, bk. 1, ltr. 62.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 6.—Cæsar, Alexandrine War, ch. 57.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 1.
Cordyla, a port of Pontus, supposed to give its name to a peculiar sort of fishes caught there (Cordylæ). Pliny, bk. 9, ch. 15.—Martial, bk. 13, ltr. 1.
Core, a daughter of Ceres, the same as Proserpine. Festivals called Coreia were instituted to her honour in Greece.
Coressus, a hill near Ephesus. Herodotus, bk. 5, ch. 100.
Corĕsus, a priest of Bacchus at Calydon in Bœotia, who was deeply enamoured of the nymph Callirhoe, who treated him with disdain. He complained to Bacchus, who visited the country with a pestilence. The Calydonians were directed by the oracle to appease the god by sacrificing Callirhoe on his altar. The nymph was led to the altar, and Coresus, who was to sacrifice her, forgot his resentment, and stabbed himself. Callirhoe, conscious of her ingratitude to the love of Coresus, killed herself on the brink of a fountain, which afterwards bore her name. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 21.
Corētas, a man who first gave oracles at Delphi. Plutarch, de Defectu Oraculorum.
Corfinium, now San Ferino, the capital of the Peligni, three miles from the Aternus, which falls into the Adriatic. Cæsar, Civil War, bk. 1, ch. 16.—Lucan, bk. 2, li. 478.—Silius Italicus, bk. 5, li. 522.
Coria, a surname of Minerva among the Arcadians. Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 3, ch. 23.
Corinna, a celebrated woman of Tanagra, near Thebes, disciple to Myrtis. Her father’s name was Archelodorus. It is said that she obtained five times a poetical prize, in which Pindar was her competitor; but it must be acknowledged that her beauty greatly contributed to defeat her rivals. She had composed 50 books of epigrams and odes, of which only some few verses remain. Propertius, bk. 2, poem 3.—Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 22.——A woman of Thespis, celebrated for her beauty.——Ovid’s mistress was also called Corinna. Amores, bk. 2, poem 6.
Corinnus, an ancient poet in the time of the Trojan war, on which he wrote a poem. Homer, as some suppose, took his subject from the poem of Corinnus.
Corinthiăcus sinus, is now called the gulf of Lepanto.
Corinthus, an ancient city of Greece, now called Corito, situated on the middle of the isthmus of Corinth, at the distance of about 60 stadia on either side from the sea. It was first founded by Sisyphus son of Æolus, A.M. 2616, and received its name from Corinthus the son of Pelops. Its original name was Ephyre; and it is called Bimaris, because situated between the Saronicus Sinus and the Crisseus Sinus. The inhabitants were once very powerful, and had great influence among the Grecian states. They colonized Syracuse in Sicily, and delivered it from the tyranny of its oppressors, by the means of Timoleon. Corinth was totally destroyed by Lucius Mummius the Roman consul, and burnt to the ground, 146 B.C. The riches which the Romans found there were immense. During the conflagration, all the metals which were in the city melted and mixed together, and formed that valuable composition of metals which has since been known by the name of Corinthium Æs. This, however, appears improbable, especially when it is remembered that the artists of Corinth made a mixture of copper with small quantities of gold and silver, and so brilliant was the composition, that the appellation of Corinthian brass afterwards stamped an extraordinary value on pieces of inferior worth. There was there a famous temple of Venus, where lascivious women resorted, and sold their pleasures so dear, that many of their lovers were reduced to poverty; whence the proverb of
Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthian,
to show that all voluptuous indulgences are attended with much expense. Julius Cæsar planted a colony at Corinth, and endeavoured to raise it from its ruins, and restore it to its former grandeur. The government of Corinth was monarchical till 779 years B.C., when officers called Pyrtanes were instituted. The war which has received the name of Corinthian war, because the battles were fought in the neighbourhood of Corinth, was begun B.C. 395, by the combination of the Athenians, Thebans, Corinthians, and Argives, against Lacedæmon. Pisander and Agesilaus distinguished themselves in that war; the former, in the first year of hostilities, was defeated with the Lacedæmonian fleet, by Conon, near Cnidus; while a few days after Agesilaus slaughtered 10,000 of the enemy. The most famous battles were fought at Coronea and Leuctra; but Agesilaus refused to besiege Corinth, lamenting that the Greeks, instead of destroying one another, did not turn their arms against the Persian power. Martial, bk. 9, ltr. 58.—Suetonius, Augustus, ch. 70.—Livy, bk. 45, ch. 28.—Florus, bk. 2, ch. 16.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 240.—Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 17, li. 36.—Pliny, bk. 34, ch. 2.—Statius, Thebiad, bk. 7, li. 106.—Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 1, &c.—Strabo, bk. 8, &c.—Homer, Iliad, bk. 15.—Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 4, ch. 14; Against Verres, bk. 4, ch. 44; de Natura Deorum, bk. 3.——An actor at Rome. Juvenal, satire 8, li. 197.
Coriŏlānus, the surname of Caius Martius from his victory over Corioli, where, from a private soldier, he gained the amplest honours. When master of the place, he accepted, as the only reward, the surname of Coriolanus, a horse and prisoners, and his ancient host, to whom he immediately gave his liberty. After a number of military exploits, and many services to his country, he was refused the consulship by the people, when his scars had for a while influenced them in his favour. This raised his resentment; and when the Romans had received a present of corn from Gelo king of Sicily, Coriolanus insisted that it should be sold for money, and not be given gratis. Upon this the tribunes raised the people against him for his imprudent advice, and even wished him to be put to death. This rigorous sentence was stopped by the influence of the senators, and Coriolanus submitted to a trial. He was banished by a majority of three tribes, and he immediately retired among the Volsci, to Attius Tullus, his greatest enemy, from whom he met a most friendly reception. He advised him to make war against Rome, and he marched at the head of the Volsci as general. The approach of Coriolanus greatly alarmed the Romans, who sent him several embassies to reconcile him to his country, and to solicit his return. He was deaf to all proposals, and bade them prepare for war. He pitched his camp only at the distance of five miles from the city; and his enmity against his country would have been fatal, had not his wife Volumnia, and his mother Veturia, been prevailed upon by the Roman matrons to go and appease his resentment. The meeting of Coriolanus with his family was tender and affecting. He remained long inexorable; but at last the tears and entreaties of a mother and a wife prevailed over the stern and obstinate resolutions of an enemy, and Coriolanus marched the Volsci from the neighbourhood of Rome. To show their sense of Volumnia’s merit and patriotism, the Romans dedicated a temple to Female Fortune. The behaviour of Coriolanus, however, displeased the Volsci. He was summoned to appear before the people of Antium; but the clamours which his enemies raised were so prevalent, that he was murdered at the place appointed for his trial, B.C. 488. His body was honoured with a magnificent funeral by the Volsci, and the Roman matrons put on mourning for his loss. Some historians say that he died in exile, in an advanced old age. Plutarch, Parallel Lives.—Florus, bk. 2, ch. 22.
Coriŏli and Coriolla, a town of Latium on the borders of the Volsci, taken by the Romans under Caius Martius, called from thence Coriolanus. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 5.—Plutarch.—Livy, bk. 2, ch. 33.
Corissus, a town of Ionia.
Coritus. See: Corytus.
Cormasa, a town of Pamphylia. Livy, bk. 38, ch. 15.
Cormus, a river near Assyria. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 12, ch. 14.
Cornēlia lex, de Civitate, was enacted A.U.C. 670, by Lucius Cornelius Sylla. It confirmed the Sulpician law, and required that the citizens of the eight newly elected tribes should be divided among the 35 ancient tribes.——Another, de Judiciis, A.U.C. 673, by the same. It ordained that the pretor should always observe the same invariable method in judicial proceedings, and that the process should not depend upon his will.——Another, de Sumptibus, by the same. It limited the expenses which generally attended funerals.——Another, de Religione, by the same, A.U.C. 677. It restored to the college of priests the privilege of choosing the priests, which, by the Domitian law, had been lodged in the hands of the people.——Another, de Municipiis, by the same, which revoked all the privileges which had been some time before granted to the several towns that had assisted Marius and Cinna in the civil wars.——Another, de Magistratibus, by the same, which gave the power of bearing honours and being promoted before the legal age, to those who had followed the interest of Sylla, while the sons and partisans of his enemies, who had been proscribed, were deprived of the privilege of standing for any office of the state.——Another, de Magistratibus, by the same, A.U.C. 673. It ordained that no person should exercise the same office within 10 years’ distance, or be invested with two different magistracies in one year.——Another, de Magistratibus, by the same, A.U.C. 673. It divested the tribunes of the privilege of making laws interfering, holding assemblies, and receiving appeals. All such as had been tribunes were incapable of holding any other office in the state by that law.——Another, de Majestate, by the same, A.U.C. 670. It made it treason to send an army out of a province, or engage in a war without orders, to influence the soldiers to spare or ransom a captive general of the enemy, to pardon the leaders of robbers or pirates, or for the absence of a Roman citizen to a foreign court without previous leave. The punishment was, aquæ et ignis interdictio.——Another, by the same, which gave the power to a man accused of murder, either by poison, weapons, or false accusations, and the setting fire to buildings, to choose whether the jury that tried him should give their verdict clam or palam, vivâ voce or by ballot.——Another, by the same, which made it aquæ et ignis interdictio to such as were guilty of forgery, concealing and altering of wills, corruption, false accusations, and the debasing or counterfeiting of the public coin; all such as were accessary to this offence were deemed as guilty as the offender.——Another, de pecuniis repetundis, by which a man convicted of peculation or extortion in the provinces was condemned to suffer the aquæ et ignis interdictio.——Another, by the same, which gave the power to such as were sent into the provinces with any government, of retaining their command and appointment, without a renewal of it by the senate, as was before observed.——Another, by the same, which ordained that the lands of proscribed persons should be common, especially those about Volaterræ and Fesulæ in Etruria, which Sylla divided among his soldiers.——Another, by Caius Cornelius, tribune of the people, A.U.C. 686, which ordained that no person should be exempted from any law, according to the general custom, unless 200 senators were present in the senate; and no person thus exempted could hinder the bill of his exemption from being carried to the people for their concurrence.——Another, by Nasica, A.U.C. 582, to make war against Perseus, son of Philip king of Macedonia, if he did not give proper satisfaction to the Roman people.
Cornēlia, a daughter of Cinna, who was the first wife of Julius Cæsar. She became mother of Julia, Pompey’s wife, and was so affectionately loved by her husband, that at her death he pronounced a funeral oration over her body. Plutarch, Cæsar.——A daughter of Metellus Scipio, who married Pompey, after the death of her husband Publius Crassus. She has been praised for her great virtues. When her husband left her in the bay of Alexandria, to go on shore in a small boat, she saw him stabbed by Achillas, and heard his dying groans without the possibility of aiding him. She attributed all his misfortunes to his connection with her. Plutarch, Pompey.——A daughter of Scipio Africanus, who married Sempronius Gracchus, and was the mother of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus. She was courted by a king; but she preferred being the wife of a Roman citizen to that of a monarch. Her virtues have been deservedly commended, as well as the wholesome principles which she inculcated in her two sons. When a Campanian lady made once a show of her jewels at Cornelia’s house, and entreated her to favour her with a sight of her own, Cornelia produced her two sons, saying, “These are the only jewels of which I can boast.” In her lifetime, a statue was raised to her, with this inscription, Cornelia mater Gracchorum. Some of her epistles are preserved. Plutarch, Gracchus.—Juvenal, satire 6, li. 167.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 4, ch. 4.—Cicero, Brutus, ch. 58; de Claris Oratoribus, ch. 58.——A vestal virgin, buried alive in Domitian’s age, as guilty of incontinence. Suetonius, Domitian.
Cornēlii, an illustrious family at Rome, of whom the most distinguished were, Caius Cornelius, a soothsayer of Padua, who foretold the beginning and issue of the battle of Pharsalia.——Dolabella, a friend and admirer of Cleopatra. He told her that Augustus intended to remove her from the monument, where she had retired.——An officer of Sylla, whom Julius Cæsar bribed to escape the proscription which threatened his life.——Cethegus, a priest, degraded from his office for want of attention.——Cnæus, a man chosen by Marcellus to be his colleague in the consulship.——Balbus, a man who hindered Julius Cæsar from rising up at the arrival of the senators.——Cossus, a military tribune during the time that there were no consuls in the republic. He offered to Jupiter the spoils called opima. Livy, bk. 4, ch. 19.——Balbus, a man of Gades, intimate with Cicero, by whom he was ably defended when accused.——A freedman of Sylla the dictator.——Scipio, a man appointed master of the horse by Camillus, when dictator.——Gallus, an elegiac poet. See: Gallus.——Merula, was made consul by Augustus, in the room of Cinna.——Marcellus, a man killed in Spain by Galba.——Cornelius Nepos, an historian. See: Nepos.——Merula, a consul sent against the Boii in Gaul. He killed 1400 of them. His grandson followed the interest of Sylla; and when Marius entered the city he killed himself, by opening his veins.——Gallus, a man who died in the act of copulation. Valerius Maximus, bk. 9, ch. 12.——Severus, an epic poet in the age of Augustus, of great genius. He wrote a poem on mount Ætna, and on the death of Cicero. Quintilian, bk. 10, li. 1.——Thuscus, a mischievous person.——Lentulus Cethegus, a consul.——Aulus Celsus, wrote eight books on medicine, still extant, and highly valued.——Cnæus and Publius Scipio. See: Scipio.——Lentulus, a high priest, &c. Livy.—Plutarch.—Valerius Maximus.—Tacitus.—Suetonius.—Polybius.—Cornelius Nepos, &c.
Cornicŭlum, a town of Latium. Dionysius of Halicarnassus.
Cornificius, a poet and general in the age of Augustus, employed to accuse Brutus, &c. His sister Cornificia was also blessed with a poetical genius. Plutarch, Brutus.——A lieutenant of Julius Cæsar. Plutarch, Cæsar.——A friend of Cicero, and his colleague in the office of augur.
Cornĭger, a surname of Bacchus.
Cornūtus, a stoic philosopher of Africa, preceptor to Persius the satirist. He wrote some treatises on philosophy and rhetoric. Persius, bk. 5, li. 36.——A pretor of Rome, in the age of Cicero. Cicero, bk. 10, ltr. 12.——A Roman, saved from the proscription of Marius by his servants, who hung up a dead man in his room, and said it was their master. Plutarch, Marius.
Corœbus, a Phrygian, son of Mygdon and Anaximena. He assisted Priam in the Trojan war, with the hopes of being rewarded with the hand of Cassandra for his services. Cassandra advised him in vain to retire from the war. He was killed by Peneleus. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 37.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 2, li. 341, &c.——A courier of Elis, killed by Neoptolemus. He obtained a prize at Olympia, B.C. 776, in the 28th olympiad, from the institution of Iphitus; but this year has generally been called the first olympiad. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 8.——A hero of Argolis, who killed a serpent called Pœne, sent by Apollo to avenge Argos, and placed by some authors in the number of the furies. His country was afflicted with the plague, and he consulted the oracle of Delphi, which commanded him to build a temple where a tripod which was given him should fall from his hand. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 43.
Corōna, a town of Messenia. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 5.
Coronēa, a town of Bœotia, where, in the first year of the Corinthian war, Agesilaus defeated the allied forces of Athens, Thebes, Corinth, and Argos, B.C. 394. Cornelius Nepos, Agesilaus.—Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 34.—Diodorus, bk. 12.——A town of Peloponnesus,——of Corinth,——of Cyprus,——of Ambracia,——of Phthiotis.
Corōnis, a daughter of Phlegias, loved by Apollo. She became pregnant by her lover, who killed her on account of her criminal partiality to Ischys the Thessalian. According to some, Diana killed her for her infidelity to her brother, and Mercury saved the child from her womb, as she was on the burning pile. Others say that she brought forth her son and exposed him, near Epidaurus, to avoid her father’s resentment; and they further mention that Apollo had set a crow to watch her behaviour. The child was preserved, and called Æsculapius; and the mother, after death, received divine honours, and had a statue at Sicyon, in her son’s temple, which was never exposed to public view. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 26.——The daughter of Coronæus king of Phocis, changed into a crow by Minerva, when flying before Neptune. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 543.——One of the daughters of Atlas and Pleione.
Coronia, a town of Acarnania. Thucydides, bk. 2, ch. 102.
Corōnus, a son of Apollo. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 5.——A son of Phoroneus king of the Lapithæ. Diodorus, bk. 4.
Corrhāgium, a town of Macedonia. Livy, bk. 31, ch. 27.
Corsi, a people of Sardinia, descended from the Corsicans.
Corsia, a town of Bœotia. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 24.
Corsīca, a mountainous island in the Mediterranean, on the coast of Italy. Its inhabitants were savage, and bore the character of robbers, liars, and atheists, according to Seneca, who was exiled among them. They lived to a great age, and fed on honey, which was produced in great abundance, though bitter in taste, from the number of yew trees and hemlock which grew there. Corsica was in the possession of the Carthaginians, and was conquered by the Romans, B.C. 231. The Greeks called it Cyrnos. In the age of Pliny it was considered as in a flourishing state, as it contained no less than 33 towns, a number far exceeding its present population.—Strabo.—Martial, bk. 9, ltr. 27.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 6; bk. 7, ch. 2.—Ovid, Amores, bk. 1, poem 12, li. 10.—Virgil, Eclogues, poem 9, li. 30.
Corsote, a town of Armenia.
Corsūra, an island in the bay of Carthage.
Cortōna, an ancient town of Etruria, called Corytum by Virgil. It was at the north of the Thrasymene lake. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 1, chs. 20 & 26.—Livy, bk. 9, ch. 37; bk. 22, ch. 4.
Corvīnus, a name given to Marcus Valerius from a crow, which assisted him when he was fighting against a Gaul.——An orator. Paterculus, bk. 2, ch. 36.——Messala, an eloquent orator, in the Augustan age, distinguished for integrity and patriotism, yet ridiculed for his frequent quotations of Greek in his orations. In his old age he became so forgetful as not even to remember his own name.——One of this family became so poor, that he was obliged, to maintain himself, to be a mercenary shepherd. Juvenal, satire 1, li. 108.
Tiberius Coruncānius, the first plebeian who was made high priest at Rome.——The family of the Coruncanii was famous for the number of great men which it supplied for the service and honour of the Roman republic. Cicero, On his House.
Corus, a river of Arabia, falling into the Red sea. Herodotus, bk. 3, ch. 9.
Corybantes, the priests of Cybele, called also Galli. In the celebration of their festivals, they beat their cymbals, and behaved as if delirious. They first inhabited on mount Ida, and from thence passed into Crete, and ♦secretly brought up Jupiter. Some suppose that they received their name from Corybas son of Jasus and Cybele, who first introduced the rites of his mother into Phrygia. There was a festival at Cnossus in Crete called Corybantica, in commemoration of the Corybantes, who there educated Jupiter. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 37.—Diodorus, bk. 5.—Horace, bk. 1, ode 16.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 9, li. 617; bk. 10, li. 250.
♦ ‘secretely’ replaced with ‘secretly’
Cory̆bas, a son of Jasus and Cybele. Diodorus, bk. 5.——A painter, disciple to Nicomachus. Pliny, bk. 35, ch. 11.
Corybassa, a city of Mysia.
Cory̆bus, a promontory of Crete.
Corycia, a nymph, mother of Lycorus by Apollo. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 6.
Cōry̆cĭdes, the nymphs who inhabited the foot of Parnassus. This name is often applied to the Muses. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 1, li. 320.
Corycius, an old man of Tarentum, whose time was happily employed in taking care of his bees. He is represented by Virgil, Georgics, bk. 4, li. 12, &c., as a contented old man, whose assiduity and diligence are exemplary. Some suppose that the word Corycius implies not a person of that name, but a native of Corycus, who had settled in Italy.
Cory̆cus, now Curco, a lofty mountain of Cilicia, with a town of the same name, and also a cave, with a grove which produced excellent saffron. Horace, bk. 2, satire 4, li. 68.—Lucan, bk. 9, li. 809.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 27.—Cicero, Letters to his Friends, bk. 12, ltr. 13.—Strabo, bk. 14.——Another of Ionia, long the famous retreat of robbers.——Another at the foot of Parnassus, sacred to the Muses. Statius, Thebiad, bk. 7.—Strabo, bk. 9.
Cory̆don, a fictitious name of a shepherd, often occuring in the pastorals of Theocritus and Virgil.
Coryla and Coryleum, a village of Paphlagonia.
Cory̆na, a town of Ionia. Mela, bk. 1, ch. 17.
Corymbĭfer, a surname of Bacchus, from his wearing a crown of corymbi, certain berries that grow on the ivy. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 1, li. 393.
Coryneta and Corynetes, a famous robber, son of Vulcan, killed by Theseus. Plutarch, Theseus.
Coryphasium, a promontory of Peloponnesus. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 36.
Coryphe, a daughter of Oceanus. Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 2, ch. 23.
Corythenes, a place of Tegea. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 45.
Corythus, a king of Corinth. Diodorus, bk. 4.
Corytus, a king of Etruria, father to Jasius, whom Dardanus is said to have put to death to obtain the kingdom. It is also a town and mountain of Etruria, now Cortona, near which Dardanus was born. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 170; bk. 7, li. 209.—Silius Italicus, bk. 5, li. 123; bk. 4, li. 721.
Cos, an island. See: Co.
Cosa and Cossa, or Cŏsæ, a town of Etruria. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 168.—Livy, bk. 22, ch. 11.—Cicero, bk. 9, Letters to Atticus, ltr. 6.—Cæsar, Civil War, bk. 1, ch. 34.