Clearides, a son of Cleonymus governor of Amphipolis. Thucydides, bk. 4, ch. 132; bk. 5, ch. 10.

Clemens Romanus, one of the fathers of the church, said to be contemporary with St. Paul. Several spurious compositions are ascribed to him, but the only thing extant is his epistle to the Corinthians, written to quiet the disturbances that had arisen there. It has been much admired. The best edition is that of Wotton, 8vo, Cambridge, 1718.——Another of Alexandria, called from thence Alexandrinus, who flourished 206 A.D. His works are various, elegant, and full of erudition; the best edition of which is Potter’s, 2 vols., folio, Oxford, 1715.——A senator who favoured the party of Niger against Severus.

Clementia, one of the virtues to whom the Romans paid adoration.

Cleo, a Sicilian among Alexander’s flatterers. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 5.

Cleŏbis and Biton, two youths, sons of Cydippe, the priestess of Juno at Argos. When oxen could not be procured to draw their mother’s chariot to the temple of Juno, they put themselves under the yoke, and drew it 45 stadia to the temple, amidst the acclamations of the multitude, who congratulated the mother on account of the filial affection of her sons. Cydippe entreated the goddess to reward the piety of her sons with the best gift that could be granted to a mortal. They went to rest, and awoke no more; and by this the goddess showed, that death is the only true happy event that can happen to man. The Argives raised statues at Delphi. Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputations, bk. 1, ch. 47.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 5, ch. 4.—Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 31.—Plutarch, de Consolatio ad Apollonium.

Cleobūla, the wife of Amyntor, by whom she had Phœnix.——A daughter of Boreas and Orithyia, called also Cleopatra. She married Phineus son of Agenor, by whom she had Plexippus and Pandion. Phineus repudiated her to marry a daughter of Dardanus. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 15.——A woman, mother of a son called Euripides by Apollo.——Another, who bore Cepheus and Amphidamus to Ægeus.——The mother of Pithus. Hyginus, fables 14, 97, &c.

Cleobūlīna, a daughter of Cleobulus, remarkable for her genius, learning, judgment, and courage. She composed enigmas, some of which have been preserved. One of them runs thus: “A father had 12 children, and these 12 children had each 30 white sons and 30 black daughters, who are immortal, though they died every day.” In this there is no need of an Œdipus to discover that there are 12 months in the year, and that every month consists of 30 days, and of the same number of nights. Diogenes Laërtius.

Cleobūlus, one of the seven wise men of Greece, son of Evagoras of Lindos, famous for the beautiful shape of his body. He wrote some few verses, and died in the 70th year of his age, B.C. 564. Diogenes Laërtius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers.—Plutarch, Convivium Septem Sapientium.——An historian. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 31.——One of the Ephori. Thucydides.

Cleochares, a man sent by Alexander to demand Porus to surrender. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 13.

Cleocharia, the mother of Eurotas by Lelax. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 10.

Cleodæus, a son of Hyllus. Herodotus, bk. 6, ch. 52; bk. 7, ch. 204; bk. 8, ch. 131. He endeavoured to recover Peloponnesus after his father’s death, but to no purpose.

Cleodamus, a Roman general under Gallienus.

Cleodēmus, a physician. Plutarch, de Convivium Septem Sapientium.

Cleodōra, a nymph, mother of Parnassus. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 6.——One of the Danaides, who married Lyxus. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 1.

Cleodoxa, a daughter of Niobe and Amphion, changed into a stone as a punishment for her mother’s pride. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 5.

Cleogĕnes, a son of Silenus, &c. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 1.

Cleolāus, a son of Hercules, by Argele daughter of Thestius, who, upon the ill success of the Heraclidæ in Peloponnesus, retired to Rhodes with his wife and children. Apollodorus, bk. 2.

Cleomăchus, a boxer of Magnesia.

Cleomantes, a Lacedæmonian soothsayer. Plutarch, Alexander.

Cleombrŏtus, son of Pausanias, a king of Sparta after his brother Agesipolis I. He made war against the Bœotians, and lest he should be suspected of treacherous communication with Epaminondas, he gave that general battle at Leuctra, in a very disadvantageous place. He was killed in the engagement, and his army destroyed, B.C. 371. Diodorus, bk. 15.—Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 13.—Xenophon.——A son-in-law of Leonidas king of Sparta, who for a while usurped the kingdom, after the expulsion of his father-in-law. When Leonidas was recalled, Cleombrotus was banished; and his wife Chelonis, who had accompanied her father, now accompanied her husband in his exile. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 6.—Plutarch, Agis & Cleomenes.——A youth of Ambracia, who threw himself into the sea, after reading Plato’s treatise on the immortality of the soul. Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputations, bk. 1, ch. 34.—Ovid, Ibis, li. 493.

Cleomēdes, a famous athlete of Astypalæa, above Crete. In a combat at Olympia, he killed one of his antagonists by a blow with his fist. On account of this accidental murder, he was deprived of the victory, and he became delirious. In his return to Astypalæa, he entered a school and pulled down the pillars which supported the roof, and crushed to death 60 boys. He was pursued with stones, and he fled for shelter into a tomb, whose doors he so strongly secured, that his pursuers were obliged to break them for access. When the tomb was opened, Cleomedes could not be found either dead or alive. The oracle of Delphi was consulted, and gave this answer, Ultimus heroum Cleomedes Astypalæus. Upon this they offered sacrifices to him as a god. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 9.—Plutarch, Romulus.

Cleomĕnes I., king of Sparta, conquered the Argives, and burnt 5000 of them by setting fire to a grove where they had fled, and freed Athens from the tyranny of the Pisistratidæ. By bribing the oracle, he pronounced Demaratus, his colleague on the throne, illegitimate, because he had refused to punish the people of Ægina, who had deserted the Greeks. He killed himself in a fit of madness, 491 B.C. Herodotus, bks. 5, 6, & 7.—Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 3, &c.

Cleomĕnes II., succeeded his brother Agesipolis II. He reigned 61 years in the greatest tranquillity, and was father to Acrotatus and Cleonymus, and was succeeded by Areus I. son of Acrotatus. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 6.

Cleomĕnes, a man appointed by Alexander to receive the tributes of Egypt and Africa. Curtius, bk. 4, ch. 8.——A man placed as arbitrator between the Athenians and the people of Megara.——An historian.——A dithyrambic poet of Rhegium.——A Sicilian contemporary with Verres, whose licentiousness and avarice he was fond of gratifying. Cicero, Against Verres, bk. 4, ch. 12.——A Lacedæmonian general.

Cleon, an Athenian, who, though originally a tanner, became general of the armies of the state, by his intrigues and eloquence. He took Thoron in Thrace, and after distinguishing himself in several engagements, he was killed at Amphipolis, in a battle with Brasidas the Spartan general, 422 B.C. Thucydides, bks. 3, 4, &c.—Diodorus, bk. 12.——A general of Messenia, who disputed with Aristodemus for the sovereignty.——A statuary. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 8.——A poet who wrote a poem on the Argonauts.——An orator of Halicarnassus, who composed an oration for Lysander, in which he intimated the propriety of making the kingdom of Sparta elective. Cornelius Nepos & Plutarch, Lysander.——A Magnesian, who wrote some commentaries, in which he speaks of portentous events, &c. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 4.——A Sicilian, one of Alexander’s flatterers. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 5.——A tyrant of Sicyon.——A friend of Phocion.

Cleōnæ and Cleona, a village of Peloponnesus, between Corinth and Argos. Hercules killed the lion of Nemæa in its neighbourhood, and thence it is called Cleonæus. It was made a constellation. Statius, bk. 4, Sylvæ, poem 4, li. 28.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 6, li. 417.—Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 32.—Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 15.—Pliny, bk. 36, ch. 5.——A town of Phocis.

Cleōne, a daughter of Asopus. Diodorus, bk. 4.

Cleonīca, a young virgin of Byzantium, whom Pausanias king of Sparta invited to his bed. She was introduced into his room when he was asleep, and unluckily overturned a burning lamp which was by the side of the bed. Pausanias was awakened at the sudden noise, and thinking it to be some assassin, he seized his sword, and killed Cleonica before he knew who it was. Cleonica often appeared to him, and he was anxious to make a proper expiation to her manes. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 17.—Plutarch, Cimon, &c.

Cleonīcus, a freedman of Seneca, &c. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 15, ch. 45.

Cleonnis, a Messenian who disputed with Aristodemus for the sovereign power of his country. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 10.

Cleony̆mus, a son of Cleomenes II., who called Pyrrhus to his assistance, because Areus his brother’s son had been preferred to him in the succession; but the measure was unpopular, and even the women united to repel the foreign prince. His wife was unfaithful to his bed, and committed adultery with Acrotatus. Plutarch, Pyrrhus.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 3.——A general who assisted the Tarentines, and was conquered by Æmilius the Roman consul. Strabo, bk. 6.——A person so cowardly that Cleonymo timidior became proverbial.

Cleŏpăter, an officer of Aratus.

Cleopatris, or Arsinoe, a fortified town of Egypt on the Arabian gulf.

Cleophănes, an orator.

Cleophanthus, a son of Themistocles, famous for his skill in riding.

Cleŏphes, a queen of India, who submitted to Alexander, by whom, as some suppose, she had a son. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 10.

Cleophŏlus, a Samian, who wrote an account of Hercules.

Cleŏphon, a tragic poet of Athens.

Cleophȳlus, a man whose posterity saved the poems of Homer. Plutarch.

Cleopompus, an Athenian, who took Thronium, and conquered the Locrians, &c. Thucydides, bk. 2, chs. 26 & 58.——A man who married the nymph Cleodora, by whom he had Parnassus. As Cleodora was beloved by Neptune, some have supposed that she had two husbands. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 6.

Cleoptolĕmus, a man of Chalcis, whose daughter was given in marriage to Antiochus. Livy, bk. 36, ch. 11.

Cleŏpus, a son of Codrus. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 3.

Cleora, the wife of Agesilaus. Plutarch, Agesilaus.

Cleostrătus, a youth devoted to be sacrificed to a serpent among the Thespians, &c. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 26.——An ancient philosopher and astronomer of Tenedos, about 536 years before Christ. He first found the constellations of the zodiac, and reformed the Greek calendar.

Cleoxĕnus, wrote a history of Persia.

Clepsy̆dra, a fountain of Messenia. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 31.

Cleri, a people of Attica.

Clesides, a Greek painter, about 276 years before Christ, who revenged the injuries he had received from queen Stratonice, by representing her in the arms of a fisherman. However indecent the painter might represent the queen, she was drawn with such personal beauty, that she preserved the piece, and liberally rewarded the artist.

Cleta and Phaenna, two of the Graces, according to some. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 18.

Clidēmus, a Greek who wrote the history of Attica. Vossius, historicis græcis, bk. 3.

Climax, a pass of mount Taurus, formed by the projection of a brow into the Mediterranean sea. Strabo, bk. 14.

Climĕnus, a son of Arcas descended from Hercules.

Clinias, a Pythagorean philosopher and musician, 520 years before the christian era. Plutarch, Convivium Septem Sapientium—Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 14, ch. 23.——A son of Alcibiades, the bravest man in the Grecian fleet that fought against Xerxes. Herodotus, bk. 8, ch. 17.——The father of Alcibiades, killed at the battle of Coronea. Plutarch, Alcibiades.——The father of Aratus, killed by Abantidas, B.C. 263. Plutarch, Aratus.——A friend of Solon. Plutarch, Solon.

Clinippĭdes, an Athenian general in Lesbos. Diodorus, bk. 12.

Clinus of Cos, was general of 7000 Greeks in the pay of king Nectanebus. He was killed, with some of his troops, by Nicostratus and the Argives, as he passed the Nile. Diodorus, bk. 16.

Clio, the first of the muses, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne. She presided over history. She is represented crowned with laurels, holding in one hand a trumpet, and a book in the other. Sometimes she holds a plectrum or quill with a lute. Her name signifies honour and reputation (κλεος, gloria); and it was her office faithfully to record the actions of brave and illustrious heroes. She had Hyacintha by Pierus son of Magnus. She was also mother of Hymenæus and Ialemus, according to others. Hesiod, Theogony, li. 75.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 3.—Strabo, bk. 14.——One of Cyrene’s nymphs. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 4, li. 341.

Clisithera, a daughter of Idomeneus, promised in marriage to Leucus, by whom she was murdered.

Clisthĕnes, the last tyrant of Sicyon. Aristotle.——An Athenian of the family of Alcmæon. It is said that he first established ostracism, and that he was the first who was banished by that institution. He banished Isagoras, and was himself soon after restored. Plutarch, Aristotle.—Herodotus, bk. 5, ch. 66, &c.——A person censured as effeminate and incontinent. Aristotle.——An orator. Cicero, Brutus, ch. 7.

Clitæ, a people of Cilicia. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 12, ch. 55.——A place near mount Athos. Livy, bk. 44, ch. 11.

Clitarchus, a man who made himself absolute at Eretria, by means of Philip of Macedonia. He was ejected by Phocion.——An historian, who accompanied Alexander the Great, of whose life he wrote the history. Curtius, bk. 9, ch. 5.

Clite, the wife of Cyzicus, who hung herself when she saw her husband dead. Apollonius, bk. 1.—Orpheus.

Cliternia, a town of Italy. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 4.

Clitodēmus, an ancient writer. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 15.

Clitomăchus, a Carthaginian philosopher of the third academy, who was pupil and successor to Carneades at Athens, B.C. 128. Diogenes Laërtius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers.——An athlete of a modest countenance and behaviour. Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 3, ch. 30.

Clitonymus, wrote a treatise on Sybaris and Italy.

Clitophon, a man of Rhodes, who wrote a history of India, &c.

Clitor, a son of Lycaon.——A son of Azan, who founded a city in Arcadia, called after his name. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 4.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 8. Ceres, Æsculapius, Ilythia, the Dioscuri, and other deities, had temples in that city. There is also in this town a fountain called Clitorium, whose waters gave a dislike for wine. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 15, li. 322.—Pliny, bk. 32, ch. 2.——A river of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 12.

Clitoria, the wife of Cimon the Athenian.

Clitumnus, a river of Campania, whose waters, when drunk, made oxen white. Propertius, bk. 2, poem 10, li. 25.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 2, li. 146.—Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 103.

Clitus, a familiar friend and foster-brother of Alexander. Though he had saved the king’s life in a bloody battle, yet Alexander killed him with a javelin, in a fit of anger, because, at a feast, he preferred the actions of Philip to those of his son. Alexander was inconsolable for the loss of his friend, whom he had sacrificed in the hour of his drunkenness and dissipation. Justin, bk. 12, ch. 6.—Plutarch, Alexander.—Curtius, bk. 4, &c.——A commander of Polyperchon’s ships, defeated by Antigonus. Diodorus, bk. 18.——An officer sent by Antipater, with 240 ships, against the Athenians, whom he conquered near the Echinades. Diodorus, bk. 18.——A Trojan prince killed by Teucer.——A disciple of Aristotle, who wrote a book on Miletus.

Cloacīna, a goddess at Rome, who presided over the Cloacæ. Some suppose her to be Venus, whose statue was found in the Cloacæ, whence the name. The Cloacæ were large receptacles for the filth and dung of the whole city, begun by Tarquin the elder, and finished by Tarquin the Proud. They were built all under the city; so that, according to an expression of Pliny, Rome seemed to be suspended between heaven and earth. The building was so strong, and the stones so large, that though they were continually washed by impetuous torrents, they remained unhurt during above 700 years. There were public officers chosen to take care of the Cloacæ, called Curatores Cloacarum urbis. Livy, bk. 3, ch. 48.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 29.

Cloanthus, one of the companions of Æneas, from whom the family of the Cluentii at Rome were descended. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 122.

Clytus, a Greek in the Trojan war, killed by Hector. Homer, Iliad, bk. 11, li. 302.

Cnacadium, a mountain of Laconia. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 24.

Cnacălis, a mountain of Arcadia, where festivals were celebrated in honour of Diana. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 23.

Cnagia, a surname of Diana.

Cnemus, a Macedonian general, unsuccessful in an expedition against the Acarnanians. Diodorus, bk. 12.—Thucydides, bk. 2, ch. 66, &c.

Cneus, or Cnæus, a prænomen common to many Romans.

Cnidinium, a name given to a monument near Ephesus.

Cnidus and Gnidus, a town and promontory of Doris in Caria. Venus was the chief deity of the place, and had there a famous statue made by Praxiteles. Horace, bk. 1, ode 30.—Pliny, bk. 36, ch. 15.

Cnopus, one of the descendants of Codrus, who went to settle a colony, &c. Polyænus, bk. 8.

Cnossia, a mistress of Menelaus. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 11.

Cnossus, or Gnossus, a town of Crete, about 25 stadia from the sea. It was built by Minos, and had a famous labyrinth. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 27.

Co, Coos, and Cos, now Zia, one of the Cyclades, situate near the coasts of Asia, about 15 miles from the town of Halicarnassus. Its town is called Cos, and anciently bore the name of Astypalæa. It gave birth to Hippocrates, Apelles, and Simonides, and was famous for its fertility, for the wine and silkworms which it produced, and for the manufacture of silk and cotton of a beautiful and delicate texture. The women of the island always dressed in white; and their garments were so clear and thin, that their bodies could be seen through, according to Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, fable 9. The women of Cos were changed into cows by Venus or Juno; whom they reproached for suffering Hercules to lead Geryon’s flocks through their territories. Tibullus, bk. 2, poem 4, li. 29.—Horace, bk. 1, satire 2, li. 101.—Strabo, bk. 14.—Pliny, bk. 11, ch. 23.—Propertius, bk. 1, poem 2, li. 2; bk. 2, poem 1, li. 5; bk. 4, poem 2, li. 23.—Ovid, Ars Amatoria, bk. 2, li. 298.

Coamani, a people of Asia. Mela, bk. 1, ch. 2.

Coastræ, and Coactræ, a people of Asia near the Palus Mæotis. Lucan, bk. 3, li. 246.

Cobares, a celebrated magician of Media, in the age of Alexander. Curtius, bk. 7, ch. 4.

Cōcălus, a king of Sicily, who hospitably received Dædalus, when he fled before Minos. When Minos arrived in Sicily, the daughters of Cocalus destroyed him. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 8, li. 261.—Diodorus, bk. 4.

Cocceius Nerva, a friend of Horace and Mecænas, and grandfather to the emperor Nerva. He was one of those who settled the disputes between Augustus and Antony. He afterwards accompanied Tiberius in his retreat in Campania, and starved himself to death. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 4, ch. 58; bk. 6, ch. 26.—Horace, bk. 1, satire 5, li. 27.——An architect of Rome, one of whose buildings is still in being, the present cathedral of Naples.——A nephew of Otho. Plutarch.——A man to whom Nero granted a triumph, after the discovery of the Pisonian conspiracy. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 15, ch. 72.

Coccygius, a mountain of Peloponnesus. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 36.

Cocintum, a promontory of the Brutii, now Cape Stilo.

Cocles Publius Horatius, a celebrated Roman, who, alone, opposed the whole army of Porsenna at the head of a bridge, while his companions behind him were cutting off the communication with the other shore. When the bridge was destroyed, Cocles, though severely wounded in the leg by the darts of the enemy, leaped into the Tiber, and swam across with his arms. A brazen statue was raised to him in the temple of Vulcan, by the consul Publicola, for his eminent services. He had the use only of one eye, as Cocles signifies. Livy, bk. 2, ch. 10.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 3, ch. 2.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 650.

Coctiæ and Cottiæ, certain parts of the Alps, called after Coctius, the conqueror of the Gauls, who was in alliance with Augustus. Tacitus, Histories.

Cocȳtus, a river of Epirus. The word is derived from κωκυειν, to weep and to lament. Its etymology, the unwholesomeness of its water, and above all, its vicinity to the Acheron, have made the poets call it one of the rivers of hell, hence Cocytia virgo, applied to Alecto, one of the furies. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 3, li. 38; bk. 4, li. 479; Æneid, bk. 6, lis. 297, 323; bk. 7, li. 479.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 17.——A river of Campania, flowing into the Lucrine lake.

Codanus sinus, one of the ancient names of the Baltic. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 13.

Codomănus, a surname of Darius III. king of Persia.

Codrĭdæ, the descendants of Codrus, who went from Athens at the head of several colonies. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 2.

Codropŏlis, a town of Illyricum.

Codrus, the seventeenth and last king of Athens, son of Melanthus. When the Heraclidæ made war against Athens, the oracle declared that the victory would be granted to that nation whose king was killed in battle. The Heraclidæ upon this gave strict orders to spare the life of Codrus; but the patriotic king disguised himself, and attacked one of the enemy, by whom he was killed. The Athenians obtained the victory, and Codrus was deservedly called the father of his country. He reigned 21 years, and was killed 1070 years before the christian era. To pay greater honour to his memory, the Athenians made a resolution that no man after Codrus should reign in Athens under the name of king, and therefore the government was put into the hands of perpetual archons. Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 2.—Justin, bk. 2, chs. 6 & 7.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 19; bk. 7, ch. 25.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 5, ch. 6.——A man who, with his brothers, killed Hegesias tyrant of Ephesus, &c. Polyænus, bk. 6, ch. 49.——A Latin poet contemporary with Virgil. Virgil, Eclogues, poem 7.——Another in the reign of Domitian, whose poverty became a proverb. Juvenal, satire 3, li. 203.

Cœcilus, a centurion. Cæsar, Civil War.

Cœla, a place in the bay of Eubœa. Livy, bk. 31, ch. 47.——A part of Attica. Strabo, bk. 10.

Cœlaletæ, a people of Thrace.

Cœlesyria and Cœlosyria, a country of Syria, between mount Libanus and Antilibanus, where the Orontes takes its rise. Its capital was Damascus.——Antiochus Cyzicenus gave his name to that part of Syria which he obtained as his share when he divided his father’s dominions with Grypus, B.C. 112. Dionysius Periegetes.

Cœlia, the wife of Sylla. Plutarch, Sulla. The Cœlian family, which was plebeian, but honoured with the consulship, was descended from Vibenna Cœles, an Etrurian, who came to settle at Rome in the age of Romulus.

Colotes, a Teian painter, disciple of Phidias. Pliny, bk. 35, ch. 8.——A disciple of Epictetus.——A follower of Epicurus, accused of ignorance by Plutarch.——A sculptor who made a statue of Æsculapius. Strabo, bk. 8.

Colpe, a city of Ionia. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 29.

Colubraria, now Monte Colubre, a small island at the east of Spain, supposed to be the same as Ophiusa. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 5.

Columbra, a dove, the symbol of Venus among the poets. This bird was sacred to Venus, and received divine honours in Syria. Doves disappeared once every year at Eryx, where Venus had a temple, and they were said to accompany the goddess to Libya, whither she went to pass nine days, after which they returned. Doves were supposed to give oracles in the oaks of the forest of Dodona. Tibullus, bk. 1, poem 7, li. 17.—Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 1, ch. 15.