Evăgŏre, one of the Nereides. Apollodorus.

Evan, a surname of Bacchus, which he received from the wild ejaculation of Evan! Evan! by his priestesses. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 4, li. 15.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 517.

Evander, a son of the prophetess Carmente, king of Arcadia. An accidental murder obliged him to leave his country, and he came to Italy, where he drove the aborigines from their ancient possessions, and reigned in that part of the country where Rome was afterwards founded. He kindly received Hercules when he returned from the conquest of Geryon; and he was the first who raised him altars. He gave Æneas assistance against the Rutuli, and distinguished himself by his hospitality. It is said that he first brought the Greek alphabet into Italy, and introduced there the worship of the Greek deities. He was honoured as a god after death by his subjects, who raised him an altar on mount Aventine. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 43.—Livy, bk. 1, ch. 7.—Silius Italicus, bk. 7, li. 18.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 1, ch. 7.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 1, li. 500; bk. 5, li. 91.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 100, &c.——A philosopher of the second academy, who flourished B.C. 215.

Evangĕlus, a Greek historian.——A comic poet.

Evangorĭdes, a man of Elis, who wrote an account of all those who had obtained a prize at Olympia, where he himself had been victorious. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 8.

Evanthes, a man who planted a colony in Lucania at the head of some Locrians.——A celebrated Greek poet.——An historian of Miletus.——A philosopher of Samos.——A writer of Cyzicus.——A son of Œnopion of Crete, who migrated to live at Chios. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 4.

Evarchus, a river of Asia Minor flowing into the Euxine, on the confines of Cappadocia. Flaccus, bk. 6, li. 102.

Evas, a native of Phrygia who accompanied Æneas into Italy, where he was killed by Mezentius. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 702.

Evax, an Arabian prince who wrote to Nero concerning jewels. Pliny, bk. 25, ch. 2.

Eubages, certain priests held in great veneration among the Gauls and Britons. See: Druidæ.

Eubātas, an athlete of Cyrene, whom the courtesan Lais in vain endeavoured to seduce. Pausanias, Elis, bk. 1.

Eubius, an obscene writer, &c. Ovid, Tristia, bk. 2, li. 415.

Eubœa, the largest island in the Ægean sea after Crete, now called Negropont. It is separated from the continent of Bœotia by the narrow straits of the Euripus, and was anciently known by the different names of Macris, Oche, Ellopia, Chalcis, Abantis, Asopis. It is 150 miles long, and 37 broad in its most extensive parts, and 365 in circumference. The principal town was Chalcis; and it was reported that in the neighbourhood of Chalcis the island had been formerly joined to the continent. Eubœa was subjected to the power of the Greeks; some of its cities, however, remained for some time independent. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.—Strabo, bk. 10.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, li. 155.——One of the three daughters of the river Asterion, who was one of the nurses of Juno. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 17.——One of Mercury’s mistresses.——A daughter of Thespius. Apollodorus, bk. 2.——A town of Sicily near Hybla.

Euboĭcus, belonging to Eubœa. The epithet is also applied to the country of Cumæ, because that city was built by a colony from Chalcis, a town of Eubœa. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 4, li. 257.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 2; bk. 9, li. 710.

Eubote, a daughter of Thespius. Apollodorus.

Eubotes, a son of Hercules. Apollodorus, bk. 2.

Eubūle, an Athenian virgin, daughter of Leon, sacrificed with her sisters, by order of the oracle of Delphi, for the safety of her country, which laboured under a famine. Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 12, ch. 18.

Eubūlĭdes, a philosopher of Miletus, pupil and successor to Euclid. Demosthenes was one of his pupils, and by his advice and encouragement to perseverance he was enabled to conquer the difficulty he felt in pronouncing the letter R. He severely attacked the doctrines of Aristotle. Diogenes Laërtius.——An historian, who wrote an account of Socrates and of Diogenes. Diogenes Laërtius.——A famous statuary of Athens. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 14.

Eubūlus, an Athenian orator, rival to Demosthenes.——A comic poet.——An historian, who wrote a voluminous account of Mithras.——A philosopher of Alexandria.

Eucērus, a man of Alexandria, accused of adultery with Octavia, that Nero might have occasion to divorce her. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 14, ch. 60.

Euchēnor, a son of Ægyptus and Arabia. Apollodorus.

Euchides, an Athenian who went to Delphi and returned the same day, a journey of about 107 miles. The object of his journey was to obtain sacred fire.

Euclīdes, a native of Megara, disciple of Socrates, B.C. 404. When the Athenians had forbidden all the people of Megara on pain of death to enter their city, Euclides disguised himself in women’s clothes to introduce himself into the presence of Socrates. Diogenes Laërtius, Socrates.——A mathematician of Alexandria, who flourished 300 B.C. He distinguished himself by his writings on music and geometry, but particularly by 15 books on the elements of mathematics, which consist of problems and theorems with demonstrations. This work has been greatly mutilated by commentators. Euclid was so respected in his lifetime, that king Ptolemy became one of his pupils. Euclid established a school at Alexandria, which became so famous, that from his age to the time of the Saracen conquest, no mathematician was found but what had studied at Alexandria. He was so respected that Plato, himself a mathematician, being asked concerning the building of an altar at Athens, referred his inquiries to the mathematician of Alexandria. The latest edition of Euclid’s writings is that of Gregory, folio, Oxford, 1703. Valerius Maximus, bk. 8, ch. 12.—Cicero, On Oratory, bk. 3, ch. 72.

Euclus, a prophet of Cyprus, who foretold the birth and greatness of the poet Homer, according to some traditions. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 12.

Eucrăte, one of the Nereides. Apollodorus.

Eucrătes, the father of Procles the historian. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 21.

Eucritus. See: Evephenus.

Euctēmon, a Greek of Cumæ, exposed to great barbarities. Curtius, bk. 5, ch. 5.——An astronomer who flourished B.C. 431.

Euctresii, a people of Peloponnesus.

Eudæmon, a general of Alexander.

Eudamĭdas, a son of Archidamus IV., brother to Agis IV. He succeeded on the Spartan throne, after his brother’s death, B.C. 330. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 10.——A son of Archidamus king of Sparta, who succeeded B.C. 268.——The commander of a garrison stationed at Trœzene by Craterus.

Eudamus, a son of Agesilaus of the Heraclidæ. He succeeded his father.——A learned naturalist and philosopher.

Eudēmus, the physician of Livia the wife of Drusus, &c. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 4, ch. 3.——An orator of Megalopolis, preceptor to Philopœmen.——An historian of Naxos.

Eudocia, the wife of the emperor Theodosius the younger, who gave the public some compositions. She died A.D. 460.

Eudocĭmus, a man who appeased a mutiny among some soldiers by telling them that a hostile army was in sight. Polyænus.

Eudōra, one of the Nereides.——One of the Atlantides.

Eudōrus, a son of Mercury and Polimela, who went to the Trojan war with Achilles. Homer, Iliad, bk. 16.

Eudoxi Specŭla, a place in Egypt.

Eudoxia, the wife of Arcadius, &c.——A daughter of Theodosius the younger, who married the emperor Maximus, and invited Genseric the Vandal over into Italy.

Eudoxus, a son of Æschines of Cnidus, who distinguished himself by his knowledge of astrology, medicine, and geometry. He was the first who regulated the year among the Greeks, among whom he first brought from Egypt the celestial sphere and regular astronomy. He spent a great part of his life on the top of a mountain, to study the motions of the stars, by whose appearance he pretended to foretell the events of futurity. He died in his 53rd year, B.C. 352. Lucan, bk. 10, li. 187.—Diogenes Laërtius.—Petronius, ch. 88.——A native of Cyzicus, who sailed all around the coast of Africa from the Red sea, and entered the Mediterranean by the columns of Hercules.——A Sicilian, son of Agathocles.——A physician. Diogenes Laërtius.

Evelthon, a king of Salamis in Cyprus.

Euemĕrĭdas, an historian of Cnidus.

Evemĕrus, an ancient historian of Messenia, intimate with Cassander. He travelled over Greece and Arabia, and wrote a history of the gods, in which he proved that they all had been upon earth, as mere mortal men. Ennius translated it into Latin. It is now lost.

Evēnor, a painter, father to Parrhasius. Pliny, bk. 35, ch. 9.

Evēnus, an elegiac poet of Paros.——A river running through Ætolia, and falling into the Ionian sea. It receives its name from Evenus son of Mars and Sterope, who being unable to overcome Idas, who had promised him his daughter Marpessa in marriage, if he surpassed him in running, grew so desperate, that he threw himself into the river, which afterwards bore his name. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 9, li. 104.—Strabo, bk. 7.——A son of Jason and Hypsipyle queen of Lemnos. Homer, Iliad, bk. 7, li. 467.

Evephēnus, a Pythagorean philosopher, whom Dionysius condemned to death because he had alienated the people of Metapontum from his power. The philosopher begged leave of the tyrant to go and marry his sister, and promised to return in six months. Dionysius consented by receiving Eucritus, who pledged himself to die if Evephenus did not return in time. Evephenus returned at the appointed moment, to the astonishment of Dionysius, and delivered his friend Eucritus from the death which threatened him. The tyrant was so pleased with these two friends, that he pardoned Evephenus, and begged to share their friendship and confidence. Polyænus, bk. 5.

Everes, a son of Pteralaus, the only one of his family who did not perish in a battle against Electryon. Apollodorus, bk. 2.——A son of Hercules and Parthenope.——The father of Tiresias. Apollodorus.

Evergĕtæ, a people of Scythia, called also Arimaspi. Curtius, bk. 7, ch. 3.

Evergĕtes, a surname signifying benefactor, given to Philip of Macedonia, and to Antigonus Doson, and Ptolemy of Egypt. It was also commonly given to the kings of Syria and Pontus, and we often see among the former an Alexander Evergetes, and among the latter a Mithridates Evergetes. Some of the Roman emperors also claimed that epithet, so expressive of benevolence and humanity.

Evesperĭdes, a people of Africa. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 171.

Eugănei, a people of Italy on the borders of the Adriatic, who, upon being expelled by the Trojans, seized upon a part of the Alps. Silius Italicus, bk. 8, li. 604.—Livy, bk. 1, ch. 1.

Eugeon, an ancient historian before the Peloponnesian war.

Eugenius, a usurper of the imperial title after the death of Valentinian II., A.D. 392.

Euhemerus. See: Evemerus.

Euhydrum, a town of Thessaly. Livy, bk. 32, ch. 13.

Euhyus and Evius, a surname of Bacchus, given him in the war of the giants against Jupiter. Horace, bk. 2, Ode 11, li. 17.

Evippe, one of the Danaides who married and murdered Imbras.——Another. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 1.——The mother of the Pierides, who were changed into magpies. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 5, li. 303.

Evippus, a son of Thestius king of Pleuron, killed by his brother Iphiclus in the chase of the Calydonian boar. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 7.——A Trojan killed by Patroclus. Homer, Iliad, bk. 16, li. 417.

Eulimĕne, one of the Nereides.

Eumăchius, a Campanian who wrote a history of Annibal.

Eumæus, a herdsman and steward of Ulysses, who knew his master at his return home from the Trojan war, after 20 years’ absence, and assisted him in removing Penelope’s suitors. He was originally the son of the king of Scyros, and upon being carried away by pirates, he was sold as a slave to Laertes, who rewarded his fidelity and services. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 13, li. 403; bk. 14, li. 3; bk. 15, li. 288; bks. 16 & 17.

Eumēdes, a Trojan, son of Dolon, who came to Italy with Æneas, where he was killed by Turnus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 12, li. 346.—Ovid, Tristia, bk. 3, poem 4, li. 27.

Eumēlis, a famous augur. Statius, bk. 4, Sylvæ, poem 8, li. 49.

Eumēlus, a son of Admetus king of Pheræ in Thessaly. He went to the Trojan war, and had the fleetest horses in the Grecian army. He distinguished himself in the games made in honour of Patroclus. Homer. Iliad, bks. 2 & 23.——A man whose daughter was changed into a bird. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, li. 390.——A man contemporary with Triptolemus, of whom he learned the art of agriculture. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 18.——One of the followers of Æneas, who first informed his friend that his fleet had been set on fire by the Trojan women. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 665.——One of the Bacchiadæ, who wrote, among other things, a poetical history of Corinth, B.C. 750, of which a small fragment is still extant. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 1.——A king of the Cimmerian Bosphorus, who died B.C. 304.

Eumĕnes, a Greek officer in the army of Alexander, son of a charioteer. He was the most worthy of all the officers of Alexander to succeed after the death of his master. He conquered Paphlagonia and Cappadocia, of which he obtained the government, till the power and jealousy of Antigonus obliged him to retire. He joined his forces to those of Perdiccas, and defeated Craterus and Neoptolemus. Neoptolemus perished by the hands of Eumenes. When Craterus had been killed during the war, his remains received an honourable funeral from the hand of the conqueror; and Eumenes, after weeping over the ashes of a man who once was his dearest friend, sent his remains to his relations in Macedonia. Eumenes fought against Antipater and conquered him, and after the death of Perdiccas his ally, his arms were directed against Antigonus, by whom he was conquered, chiefly by the treacherous conduct of his officers. This fatal battle obliged him to disband the greatest part of his army to secure himself a retreat, and he fled, with only 700 faithful attendants, to Nora, a fortified place on the confines of Cappadocia, where he was soon besieged by the conqueror. He supported the siege for a year with courage and resolution, but some disadvantageous skirmishes so reduced him, that his soldiers, grown desperate, and bribed by the offers of the enemy, had the infidelity to betray him into the hands of Antigonus. The conqueror, from shame or remorse, had not the courage to visit Eumenes; but when he was asked by his officers in what manner he wished him to be kept, he answered, “Keep him as carefully as you would keep a lion.” This severe command was obeyed; but the asperity of Antigonus vanished in a few days, and Eumenes, delivered from the weight of chains, was permitted to enjoy the company of his friends. Even Antigonus hesitated whether he should not restore to his liberty a man with whom he had lived in the greatest intimacy while both were subservient to the command of Alexander, and these secret emotions of pity and humanity were not a little increased by the petitions of his son Demetrius for the release of Eumenes. But the calls of ambition prevailed; and when Antigonus recollected what an active enemy he had in his power, he ordered Eumenes to be put to death in the prison; though some imagine he was murdered without the knowledge of his conqueror. His bloody commands were executed B.C. 315. Such was the end of a man who raised himself to power by merit alone. His skill in public exercises first recommended him to the notice of Philip, and under Alexander his attachment and fidelity to the royal person, and particularly his military accomplishments, promoted him to the rank of a general. Even his enemies revered him; and Antigonus, by whose orders he perished, honoured his remains with a splendid funeral, and conveyed his ashes to his wife and family in Cappadocia. It has been observed that Eumenes had such a universal influence over the successors of Alexander, that none during his lifetime dared to assume the title of king; and it does not a little reflect to his honour to consider that the wars he carried on were not from private or interested motives, but for the good and welfare of his deceased benefactor’s children. Plutarch & Cornelius Nepos, Lives.—Diodorus, bk. 19.—Justin, bk. 13.—Curtius, bk. 10.—Arrian.——A king of Pergamus, who succeeded his uncle Philetærus on the throne, B.C. 263. He made war against Antiochus the son of Seleucus, and enlarged his possessions by seizing upon many of the cities of the kings of Syria. He lived in alliance with the Romans, and made war against Prusias king of Bithynia. He was a great patron of learning, and given much to wine. He died of an excess in drinking, after a reign of 22 years. He was succeeded by Attalus. Strabo, bk. 15.——The second of that name succeeded his father Attalus on the throne of Asia and Pergamus. His kingdom was small and poor, but he rendered it powerful and opulent, and his alliance with the Romans did not a little contribute to the increase of his dominions after the victories obtained over Antiochus the Great. He carried his arms against Prusias and Antigonus, and died B.C. 159, after a reign of 38 years, leaving the kingdom to his son Attalus II. He has been admired for his benevolence and magnanimity, and his love of learning greatly enriched the famous library of Pergamus, which had been founded by his predecessors in imitation of the Alexandrian collection of the Ptolemies. His brothers were so attached to him and devoted to his interest, that they enlisted among his bodyguards to show their fraternal fidelity. Strabo, bk. 13.—Justin, bks. 31 & 34.—Polybius.——A celebrated orator of Athens about the beginning of the fourth century. Some of his harangues and orations are extant.——An historical writer in Alexander’s army.

Eumenia, a city of Phrygia, built by Attalus in honour of his brother Eumenes.——A city of Thrace,——of Caria. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 29.——Of Hyrcania.

Eumĕnĭdes and Eumenes, a man mentioned, Ovid, bk. 3, Tristia, poem 4, li. 27.

Eumēnĭdes, a name given to the Furies by the ancients. They sprang from the drops of blood which flowed from the wound which Cœlus received from his son Saturn. According to others they were daughters of the earth, and conceived from the blood of Saturn. Some make them daughters of Acheron and Night, or Pluto and Proserpine, or Chaos and Terra, according to Sophocles, or, as Epimenides reports, of Saturn and Evonyme. According to the most received opinions, they were three in number, Tisiphone, Megara, and Alecto, to which some add Nemesis. Plutarch mentions only one, called Adrasta, daughter of Jupiter and Necessity. They were supposed to be the ministers of the vengeance of the gods, and therefore appeared stern and inexorable; always employed in punishing the guilty upon earth, as well as in the infernal regions. They inflicted their vengeance upon earth by wars, pestilence, and dissensions, and by the secret stings of conscience; and in hell they punished the guilty by continual flagellation and torments. They were also called Furiæ, Erinnyes, and Diræ, and the appellation of Eumenides, which signifies benevolence and compassion, they received after they had ceased to persecute Orestes, who in gratitude offered them sacrifices, and erected a temple in honour of their divinity. Their worship was almost universal, and people presumed not to mention their names or fix their eyes upon their temples. They were honoured with sacrifices and libations, and in Achaia they had a temple, which, when entered by any one guilty of crimes, suddenly rendered him furious, and deprived him of the use of his reason. In their sacrifices, the votaries used branches of cedar and of alder, hawthorn, saffron, and juniper, and the victims were generally turtledoves and sheep, with libations of wine and honey. They were generally represented with a grim and frightful aspect, with a black and bloody garment, and serpents wreathing round their head instead of hair. They held a burning torch in one hand, and a whip of scorpions in the other, and were always attended by terror, rage, paleness, and death. In hell they were seated around Pluto’s throne, as the ministers of his vengeance. Aeschylus, Eumenides.—Sophocles, Œdipus at Colonus.

Eumĕnĭdia, festivals in honour of the Eumenides, called by the Athenians σεμναι θεαι, venerable goddesses. They were celebrated once every year with sacrifices of pregnant ewes, with offerings of cakes made by the most eminent youths, and libations of honey and wine. At Athens none but free-born citizens were admitted, such as had led a life the most virtuous and unsullied. Such only were accepted by the goddesses, who punished all sorts of wickedness in a severe manner.

Eumēnius, a Trojan killed by Camilla in Italy. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 11, li. 666.

Eumolpe, one of the Nereides. Apollodorus.

Eumolpĭdæ, the priests of Ceres at the celebration of her festivals of Eleusis. All causes relating to impiety or profanation were referred to their judgment, and their decisions, though occasionally severe, were considered as generally impartial. The Eumolpidæ were descended from Eumolpus, a king of Thrace, who was made priest of Ceres by Erechtheus king of Athens. He became so powerful after his appointment to the priesthood, that he maintained a war against Erechtheus. This war proved fatal to both; Erechtheus and Eumolpus were both killed, and peace was re-established among their descendants, on condition that the priesthood should ever remain in the family of Eumolpus, and the regal power in the house of Erechtheus. The priesthood continued in the family of Eumolpus for 1200 years; and this is still more remarkable, because he who was once appointed to the holy office, was obliged to remain in perpetual celibacy. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 14.

Eumolpus, a king of Thrace, son of Neptune and Chione. He was thrown into the sea by his mother, who wished to conceal her shame from her father. Neptune saved his life, and carried him into Æthiopia, where he was brought up by Amphitrite, and afterwards by a woman of the country, one of whose daughters he married. An act of violence to his sister-in-law obliged him to leave Æthiopia, and he fled to Thrace with his son Ismarus, where he married the daughter of Tegyrius the king of the country. This connection with the royal family rendered him ambitious; he conspired against his father-in-law, and fled, when the conspiracy was discovered, to Attica, where he was initiated in the mysteries of Ceres of Eleusis, and made Hierophantes or high priest. He was afterwards reconciled to Tegyrius, and inherited his kingdom. He made war against Erechtheus the king of Athens, who had appointed him to the office of high priest, and perished in battle. His descendants were also invested with the priesthood, which remained for about 1200 years in that family. See: Eumolpidæ. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 5, &c.—Hyginus, fable 73.—Diodorus, bk. 5.—Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 14.

Eumonides, a Theban, &c. Plutarch.

Eunæus, a son of Jason, by Hypsipyle daughter of Thoas. Homer, Iliad, bk. 7.

Eunapius, a physician, sophist, and historian, born at Sardis. He flourished in the reign of Valentinian and his successors, and wrote a history of the Cæsars, of which few fragments remain. His life of the philosophers of his age is still extant. It is composed with fidelity and elegance, precision and correctness.

Eunŏmia, a daughter of Juno, one of the Horæ. Apollodorus.

Eunŏmus, a son of Prytanes, who succeeded his father on the throne of Sparta. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 36.——A famous musician of Locris, rival to Ariston, over whom he obtained a musical prize at Delphi. Strabo, bk. 6.——A man killed by Hercules. Apollodorus.——A Thracian, who advised Demosthenes not to be discouraged by his ill success in his first attempts to speak in public. Plutarch, Demosthenes.——The father of Lycurgus, killed by a kitchen knife. Plutarch, Lycurgus.

Eunus, a Syrian slave, who inflamed the minds of the servile multitude by pretended inspiration and enthusiasm. He filled a nut with sulphur in his mouth, and by artfully conveying fire to it, he breathed out flames to the astonishment of the people, who believed him to be a god, or something more than human. Oppression and misery compelled 2000 slaves to join his cause, and he soon saw himself at the head of 50,000 men. With such a force he defeated the Roman armies, till Perpenna obliged him to surrender by famine, and exposed on a cross the greatest part of his followers, B.C. 132. Plutarch, Sertorius.

Euonymos, one of the Lipari isles.

Euoras, a grove of Laconia. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 10.

Eupagium, a town of Peloponnesus.

Eupalămon, one of the hunters of the Calydonian boar. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 8, li. 360.

Eupalămus, the father of Dædalus and of Metiadusa. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 15.

Eupător, a son of Antiochus. The surname of Eupator was given to many of the Asiatic princes, such as Mithridates, &c. Strabo, bk. 12.

Eupătoria, a town of Paphlagonia, built by Mithridates, and called afterwards Pompeiopolis by Pompey. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 2.——Another called Magnopolis in Pontus, now Tehenikeh. Strabo, bk. 12.

Eupeithes, a prince of Ithaca, father to Antinous. In the former part of his life he had fled before the vengeance of the Thesprotians, whose territories he had laid waste in the pursuit of some pirates. During the absence of Ulysses he was one of the most importuning lovers of Penelope. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 16.

Euphaes, succeeded Androcles on the throne of Messenia, and in his reign the first Messenian war began. He died B.C. 730. Pausanias, bk. 4, chs. 5 & 6.

Euphantus, a poet and historian of Olynthus, son of Eubulides, and preceptor to Antigonus king of Macedonia. ♦Diogenes Laërtius, Euclides.

♦ ‘Diod.’ replaced with ‘Diogenes’

Euphēme, a woman who was nurse to the Muses, and mother of Crocus by Pan. Pausanias.

Euphēmus, a son of Neptune and Europa, who was among the Argonauts, and the hunters of the Calydonian boar. He was so swift and light that he could run over the sea without scarce wetting his feet. Pindar, Pythian, poem 4.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9.—Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 17.——One of the Greek captains before Troy. Homer, Iliad, bk. 2, li. 353.

Euphorbus, a famous Trojan, son of Panthous, the first who wounded Patroclus, whom Hector killed. He perished by the hand of Menelaus, who hung his shield in the temple of Juno at Argos. Pythagoras, the founder of the doctrine of the metempsychosis, or transmigration of souls, affirmed that he had been once Euphorbus, and that his soul recollected many exploits which had been done while it animated that Trojan’s body. As a further proof of his assertion, he showed at first sight the shield of Euphorbus in the temple of Juno. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 15, li. 160.—Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 17.—Homer, Iliad, bks. 16 & 17.——A physician of Juba king of Mauritania.

Euphorion, a Greek poet of Chalcis in Eubœa, in the age of Antiochus the Great. Tiberius took him for his model for correct writing, and was so fond of him that he hung his pictures in all the public libraries. His father’s name was Polymnetus. He died in his 56th year, B.C. 220. Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 2, ch. 64, calls him Obscurum.——The father of Æschylus bore the same name.

Euphrānor, a famous painter and sculptor of Corinth. Pliny, bk. 34, ch. 8.——This name was common to many Greeks.

Euphrātes, a disciple of Plato, who governed Macedonia with absolute authority in the reign of Perdiccas, and rendered himself odious by his cruelty and pedantry. After the death of Perdiccas, he was murdered by Parmenio.——A stoic philosopher in the age of Adrian, who destroyed himself with the emperor’s leave, to escape the miseries of old age, A.D. 118. Dio Cassius.——A large and celebrated river of Mesopotamia, rising from mount Taurus in Armenia, and discharging itself with the Tigris into the Persian gulf. It is very rapid in its course, and passes through the middle of the city of Babylon. It inundates the country of Mesopotamia at a certain season of the year, and, like the Nile in Egypt, happily fertilizes the adjacent fields. Cyrus dried up its ancient channel, and changed the course of the waters when he besieged Babylon. Strabo, bk. 11.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 2; bk. 3, ch. 8.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 24.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 1, li. 509; bk. 4, li. 560.

Euphron, an aspiring man of Sicyon, who enslaved his country by bribery. Diodorus, bk. 15.

Euphrŏsy̆na, one of the Graces, sister to Aglaia and Thalia. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 35.

Euplæa, an island of the Tyrrhene sea, near Neapolis. Statius, bk. 3, Sylvæ, poem 1, li. 149.

Eupŏlis, a comic poet of Athens, who flourished 435 years before the christian era, and severely lashed the vices and immoralities of his age. It is said that he had composed 17 dramatical pieces at the age of 17. He had a dog so attached to him, that at his death he refused all aliments, and starved himself on his tomb. Some suppose that Alcibiades put Eupolis to death, because he had ridiculed him in a comedy which he had written against the Baptæ, the priests of the goddess Cotytto, and the impure ceremonies of their worship; but Suidas maintains that he perished in a sea-fight between the Athenians and the Lacedæmonians in the Hellespont, and that on that account his countrymen, pitying his fate, decreed that no poet should ever after go to war. Horace, bk. 1, satire 4; bk. 2, satire 10.—Cicero, Letters to Atticus, bk. 6, ltr. 1.—Ælian.

Eupompus, a geometrician of Macedonia.——A painter. Pliny, bk. 34, ch. 8.

Eurianassa, a town near Chios. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 31.

Eurĭpĭdes, a celebrated tragic poet born at Salamis the day on which the army of Xerxes was defeated by the Greeks. He studied eloquence under Prodicus, ethics under Socrates, and philosophy under Anaxagoras. He applied himself to dramatical composition, and his writings became so much the admiration of his countrymen, that the unfortunate Greeks, who had accompanied Nicias in his expedition against Syracuse, were freed from slavery, only by repeating some verses from the pieces of Euripides. The poet often retired from the society of mankind, and confined himself in a solitary cave near Salamis, where he wrote and finished his most excellent tragedies. The talents of Sophocles were looked upon by Euripides with jealousy, and the great enmity which always reigned between the two poets gave an opportunity to the comic muse of Aristophanes to ridicule them both on the stage with success and humour. During the representation of one of the tragedies of Euripides, the audience, displeased with some lines in the composition, desired the writer to strike them off. Euripides heard the reproof with indignation; he advanced forward on the stage, and told the spectators that he came there to instruct them, and not to receive instruction. Another piece, in which he called riches the summum bonum and the admiration of gods and men, gave equal dissatisfaction, but the poet desired the audience to listen with silent attention, for the conclusion of the whole would show them the punishment which attended the lovers of opulence. The ridicule and envy to which he was continually exposed, obliged him at last to remove from Athens. He retired to the court of Archelaus king of Macedonia, where he received the most conspicuous marks of royal munificence and friendship. His end was as deplorable as it was uncommon. It is said that the dogs of Archelaus met him in his solitary walks, and tore his body to pieces 407 years before the christian era, in the 78th year of his age. Euripides wrote 75 tragedies, of which only 19 are extant; the most approved of which are his Phœnissæ, Orestes, Medea, Andromache, Electra, Hippolytus, Iphigenia in Aulis, Iphigenia in Tauris, Hercules, and the Troades. He is peculiarly happy in expressing the passions of love, especially the more tender and animated. To the pathos he has added sublimity, and the most common expressions have received a perfect polish from his pen. In his person, as it is reported, he was noble and majestic, and his deportment was always grave and serious. He was slow in composing, and laboured with difficulty, from which circumstance a foolish and malevolent poet once observed that he had written 100 verses in three days, while Euripides had written only three. “True,” says Euripides, “but there is this difference between your poetry and mine; yours will expire in three days, but mine shall live for ages to come.” Euripides was such an enemy to the fair sex that some have called him μισογυνης, woman-hater, and perhaps from this aversion arise the impure and diabolical machinations which appear in his female characters; an observation, however, which he refuted, by saying he had faithfully copied nature. In spite of all this antipathy he was married twice, but his connections were so injudicious, that he was compelled to divorce both his wives. The best editions of this great poet are that of Musgrave, 4 vols., 4to, Oxford, 1778; that of Canter apud Commelin, 12mo, 2 vols., 1597; and of Barnes, folio, Cambridge. 1694. There are also several valuable editions of detached plays. Diodorus, bk. 13.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 3, ch. 7.—Cicero, De Inventione, bk. 1, ch. 50; Orator, bk. 3, ch. 7; Academica bk. 1, ch. 4; De Officiis, bk. 3; Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, bk. 2; Tusculanæ Disputationes, bks. 1 & 4, &c.

Eurīpus, a narrow strait which separates the island of Eubœa from the coast of Bœotia. Its flux and reflux, which continued regular during 18 or 19 days, and were commonly unsettled the rest of the month, was a matter of deep inquiry among the ancients; and it is said that Aristotle threw himself into it because he was unable to find out the causes of that phenomenon. Livy, bk. 28, ch. 6.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 7.—Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 95.—Strabo, bk. 9.

Euristhenes. See: Eurysthenes.

Eurōmus, a city of Caria. Livy, bk. 32, ch. 33; bk. 33, ch. 30.

Eurōpa, one of the three grand divisions of the earth known among the ancients, extending, according to modern surveys, about 3000 miles from north to south, and 2500 from east to west. Though inferior in extent, yet it is superior to the others in the learning, power, and abilities of its inhabitants. It is bounded on the east by the Ægean sea, Hellespont, Euxine, Palus Mæotis, and the Tanais in a northern direction. The Mediterranean divides it from Africa on the south, and on the west and north it is washed by the Atlantic and northern oceans. It is supposed to receive its name from Europa, who was carried there by Jupiter. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 1.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 1, &c.—Lucan, bk. 3, li. 275.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 222.——A daughter of Agenor king of Phœnicia and Telephassa. She was so beautiful that Jupiter became enamoured of her, and the better to seduce her he assumed the shape of a bull and mingled with the herds of Agenor, while Europa, with her female attendants, were gathering flowers in the meadows. Europa caressed the beautiful animal, and at last had the courage to sit upon his back. The god took advantage of her situation, and with precipitate steps retired towards the shore, and crossed the sea with Europa on his back, and arrived safe in Crete. Here he assumed his original shape, and declared his love. The nymph consented, though she had once made vows of perpetual celibacy, and she became mother of Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhadamanthus. After this distinguished amour with Jupiter, she married Asterius king of Crete. This monarch, seeing himself without children by Europa, adopted the fruit of her amours with Jupiter, and always esteemed Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhadamanthus as his own children. Some suppose that Europa lived about 1552 years before the christian era. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, fable 13.—Moschus, Idylls.—Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 5; bk. 3, ch. 1.——One of the Oceanides. Hesiod, Theogony, li. 356.——A part of Thrace near mount Hæmus. Justin, bk. 7, ch. 1.

Eurŏpæus, a patronymic of Minos the son of Europa. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 8, li. 23.

Europs, a king of Sicyon, son of Ægialeus, who died B.C. 1993. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 5.

Eurōpus, a king of Macedonia, &c. Justin, bk. 7, ch. 1.——A town of Macedonia on the Axius. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 10.

Eurōtas, a son of Lelex, father to Sparta, who married Lacedæmon. He was one of the first kings of Laconia, and gave his name to the river which flows near Sparta. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 16.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 1.——A river of Laconia flowing by Sparta. It was called, by way of eminence, Basilipotamos, the king of rivers, and worshipped by the Spartans as a powerful god. Laurels, reeds, myrtles, and olives grew on its banks in great abundance. Strabo, bk. 8.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 1.—Livy, bk. 35, ch. 29.—Virgil, Eclogues, poem 6, li. 82.—Ptolemy, bk. 4.——A river in Thessaly near mount Olympus, called also Titaresus. It joined the Peneus, but was not supposed to incorporate with it. Strabo, bk. 6.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 8.

Etrōto, a daughter of Danaus by Polyxo. Apollodorus.

Eurus, a wind blowing from the eastern parts of the world. The Latins sometimes called it Vulturnus. Ovid, Tristia, bk. 1, poem 2; Metamorphoses, bk. 11, &c.

Euryăle, a queen of the Amazons, who assisted Æetes, &c. Flaccus, bk. 4.——A daughter of Minos, mother of Orion by Neptune.——A daughter of Prœtus king of Argos.——One of the Gorgons who was immortal. Hesiod, Theogony, li. 207.

Euryălus, one of the Peloponnesian chiefs who went to the Trojan war with 80 ships. Homer, Iliad, bk. 2.——An illegitimate son of Ulysses and Evippe. Sophocles.——A son of Melas, taken prisoner by Hercules, &c. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 8.——A Trojan who came with Æneas into Italy, and rendered himself famous for his immortal friendship with Nisus. See: Nisus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 9, li. 179.——A pleasant place of Sicily near Syracuse. Livy, bk. 25, ch. 25.——A Lacedæmonian general in the second Messenian war.

Erybătes, a herald in the Trojan war, who took Briseis from Achilles by order of Agamemnon. Homer, Iliad, bk. 1, li. 32.—Ovid, Heroides, poem 3.——A warrior of Argos, often victorious at the Nemean games, &c. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 29.——One of the Argonauts.

Eurybia, the mother of Lucifer and all the stars. Hesiod.——A daughter of Pontus and Terra, mother of Astræus, Pallas, and Perses by Crius.——A daughter of Thespius. Apollodorus.

Eurybiădes, a Spartan general of the Grecian fleet, at the battles of Artemisium and Salamis against Xerxes. He has been charged with want of courage, and with ambition. He offered to strike Themistocles when he wished to speak about the manner of attacking the Persians, upon which the Athenian said, “Strike me, but hear me.” Herodotus, bk. 8, chs. 2, 74, &c.—Plutarch, Themistocles.—Cornelius Nepos, Themistocles.

Eurybius, a son of Eurytus king of Argos, killed in a war between his countrymen and the Athenians. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 8.——A son of Nereus and Chloris. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9.

Euryclēa, a beautiful daughter of Ops of Ithaca. Laertes bought her for 20 oxen, and gave her his son Ulysses to nurse, and treated her with much tenderness and attention. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 19.

Eurycles, an orator of Syracuse, who proposed to put Nicias and Demosthenes to death, and to confine to hard labour all the Athenian soldiers in the quarries. Plutarch.——A Lacedæmonian at the battle of Actium on the side of Augustus. Plutarch, Antonius.——A soothsayer of Athens.

Eurycrătes, a king of Sparta, descended from Hercules. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 204.

Eurycrătĭdas, a son of Anaxander, &c. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 204.

Eurydămas, a Trojan skilled in the interpretation of dreams. His two sons were killed by Diomedes during the Trojan war. Homer, Iliad, bk. 5, li. 148.——One of Penelope’s suitors. Odyssey, bk. 22, li. 283.——A wrestler of Cyrene, who, in a combat, had his teeth dashed to pieces by his antagonist, which he swallowed without showing any signs of pain, or discontinuing the fight. Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 10, ch. 19.——A son of Ægyptus. Apollodorus.

Eurydăme, the wife of Leotychides king of Sparta. Herodotus.

Eurydămĭdas, a king of Lacedæmon, of the family of the Proclidæ. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 10.

Eury̆dĭce, the wife of Amyntas king of Macedonia. She had by her husband, Alexander, Perdiccas, and Philip, and one daughter called Euryone. A criminal partiality for her daughter’s husband, to whom she offered her hand and the kingdom, made her conspire against Amyntas, who must have fallen a victim to her infidelity had not Euryone discovered it. Amyntas forgave her, Alexander ascended the throne after his father’s death, and perished by the ambition of his mother; Perdiccas, who succeeded him, shared his fate; but Philip, who was the next in succession, secured himself against all attempts from his mother, and ascended the throne with peace and universal satisfaction. Eurydice fled to Iphicrates the Athenian general for protection. The manner of her death is unknown. Cornelius Nepos, Iphicrates, ch. 3.——A daughter of Amyntas, who married her uncle Aridæus, the illegitimate son of Philip. After the death of Alexander the Great, Aridæus ascended the throne of Macedonia, but he was totally governed by the intrigues of his wife, who called back Cassander, and joined her forces with his to march against Polyperchon and Olympias. Eurydice was forsaken by her troops. Aridæus was pierced through with arrows by order of Olympias, who commanded Eurydice to destroy herself either by poison, the sword, or the halter. She chose the latter.——The wife of the poet Orpheus. As she fled before Aristæus, who wished to offer her violence, she was bit by a serpent in the grass, and died of the wound. Orpheus was so disconsolate that he ventured to go to hell, where, by the melody of his lyre, he obtained from Pluto the restoration of his wife to life, provided he did not look behind before he came upon earth. He violated the conditions, as his eagerness to see his wife rendered him forgetful. He looked behind, and Eurydice was for ever taken from him. See: Orpheus. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 4, li. 457, &c.—Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 30.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 10, li. 30, &c.——A daughter of Adrastus. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 12.——One of the Danaides, who married Dyas. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 1.——The wife of Lycurgus king of Nemæa in Peloponnesus. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9.——A daughter of Actor. Apollodorus.——A wife of Æneas. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 26.——A daughter of Amphiaraus. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 17.——A daughter of Antipater, who married one of the Ptolemies. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 7.——A daughter of king Philip. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 17.——A daughter of Lacedæmon. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 13.——A daughter of Clymenus, who married Nestor. Homer, Odyssey.——A wife of Demetrius, descended from Miltiades. Plutarch, Demetrius.

Eurygania, a wife of Œdipus. Apollodorus.

Euryleon, a king of the Latins, called also Ascanius.

Eury̆lŏchus, one of the companions of Ulysses, the only one who did not taste the potions of Circe. His prudence, however, forsook him in Sicily, where he carried away the flocks sacred to Apollo, for which sacrilegious crime he was shipwrecked. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 10, li. 205; bk. 12, li. 195.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, li. 287.——A man who broke a conduit which conveyed water into Cyrrhæ, &c. Polyænus, bk. 5.——A man who discovered the conspiracy which was made against Alexander by Hermolaus and others. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 6.

Eury̆măchus, a powerful Theban, who seized Platæa by treachery, &c.——One of Penelope’s suitors.——A son of Antenor.——A lover of Hippodamia. Pausanias.

Eury̆mĕde, the wife of Glaucus king of Ephyra. Apollodorus.

Eurymĕdon, the father of Peribœa, by whom Neptune had Nausithous. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 7.——A river of Pamphylia, near which the Persians were defeated by the Athenians under Cimon, B.C. 470. Livy, bk. 33, ch. 41; bk. 37, ch. 23.——A man who accused Aristotle of propagating profane doctrines in the Lyceum.

Eurymĕnes, a son of Neleus and Chloris. Apollodorus.

Eurynŏme, one of the Oceanides, mother of the Graces. Hesiod.——A daughter of Apollo, mother of Adrastus and Eriphyle.——A woman of Lemnos, &c. Flaccus, bk. 2, li. 136.——The wife of Lycurgus son of Aleus. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 9.——The mother of Asopus by Jupiter. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 12.——One of Penelope’s female attendants. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 17, li. 515.——An Athenian sent with a reinforcement to Nicias in Sicily. Plutarch, Nicias.

Eurynŏmus, one of the deities of hell. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 28.

Euryŏne, a daughter of Amyntas king of Macedonia by Eurydice.

Eurypon, a king of Sparta, son of Sous. His reign was so glorious that his descendants were called Eurypontidæ. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 7.

Eurypy̆le, a daughter of Thespius.

Eury̆py̆lus, a son of Telephus and Astyoche, was killed in the Trojan war by Pyrrhus. He made his court to Cassandra. Homer, Iliad, bk. 11.——A Grecian at the Trojan war. Homer, Iliad, bk. 2.——A prince of Olenus, who went with Hercules against Laomedon. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 19.——A son of Mecisteus, who signalized himself in the war of the Epigoni against Thebes. Apollodorus, bk. 3.——A son of Temenus king of Messenia, who conspired against his father’s life. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 6.——A son of Neptune, killed by Hercules. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 7.——One of Penelope’s suitors. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 10.——A Thessalian who became delirious for looking into a box, which fell to his share after the plunder of Troy. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 19.——A soothsayer in the Grecian camp before Troy, sent to consult the oracle of Apollo, how his countrymen could return safe home. The result of his inquiries was the injunction to offer a human sacrifice. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 2, li. 114.—Ovid.

Eurysthĕnes, a son of Aristodemus, who lived in perpetual dissension with his twin brother Procles, while they both sat on the Spartan throne. It was unknown which of the two was born first; the mother, who wished to see both her sons raised on the throne, refused to declare it, and they were both appointed kings of Sparta, by order of the oracle of Delphi, B.C. 1102. After the death of the two brothers, the Lacedæmonians, who knew not to what family the right of seniority and succession belonged, permitted two kings to sit on the throne, one of each family. The descendants of Eurysthenes were called Eurysthenidæ; and those of Procles, Proclidæ. It was inconsistent with the laws of Sparta for two kings of the same family to ascend the throne together, yet that law was sometimes violated by oppression and tyranny. Eurysthenes had a son called Agis, who succeeded him. His descendants were called Agidæ. There sat on the throne of Sparta 31 kings of the family of Eurysthenes, and only 24 of the Proclidæ. The former were the more illustrious. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 147; bk. 6, ch. 52.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 1.—Cornelius Nepos, Agesilaus.

Eurysthenĭdæ. See: Eurysthenes.

Eurystheus, a king of Argos and Mycenæ, son of Sthenelus and Nicippe the daughter of Pelops. Juno hastened his birth by two months, that he might come into the world before Hercules the son of Alcmena, as the younger of the two was doomed by order of Jupiter to be subservient to the will of the other. See: Alcmena. This natural right was cruelly exercised by Eurystheus, who was jealous of the fame of Hercules, and who, to destroy so powerful a relation, imposed upon him the most dangerous and uncommon enterprises, well known by the name of the 12 labours of Hercules. The success of Hercules in achieving those perilous labours alarmed Eurystheus in a greater degree, and he furnished himself with a brazen vessel, where he might secure himself a safe retreat in case of danger. After the death of Hercules, Eurystheus renewed his cruelties against his children, and made war against Ceyx king of Trachinia, because he had given them support, and treated them with hospitality. He was killed in the prosecution of this war by Hyllus the son of Hercules. His head was sent to Alcmena the mother of Hercules, who, mindful of the cruelties which her son had suffered, insulted it and tore out the eyes with the most inveterate fury. Eurystheus was succeeded on the throne of Argos by Atreus his nephew. Hyginus, fables 30 & 32.—Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 4, &c.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 33; bk. 3, ch. 6.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 9, fable 6.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 292.

Eury̆te, a daughter of Hippodamus, who married Parthaon. Apollodorus.——The mother of Hallirhotius by Neptune. Apollodorus.

Euryteæ, a town of Achaia. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 18.

Eury̆tĕle, a daughter of Thespius.——A daughter of Leucippus. Apollodorus.

Eurythĕmis, the wife of Thestius. Apollodorus.

Eury̆thion and Eurytion, a centaur whose insolence to Hippodamia was the cause of the quarrel between the Lapithæ and Centaurs, at the nuptials of Pirithous. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 12.—Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 10.—Hesiod, Theogony.——A herdsman of Geryon, killed by Hercules. Apollodorus, bk. 2.——A king of Sparta, who seized upon Mantinea by stratagem. Polyænus, bk. 2.——One of the Argonauts. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 8, li. 311.——A son of Lycaon, who signalized himself during the funeral games exhibited in Sicily by Æneas. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 495.——A silversmith. Æneid, bk. 10, li. 499.——A man of Heraclea convicted of adultery. His punishment was the cause of the abolition of the oligarchical power there. Aristotle, bk. 5, Politics.

Eury̆tis (idos), a patronymic of Iole daughter of Eurytus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 9, fable 11.

Eury̆tus, a son of Mercury, among the Argonauts. Flaccus, bk. 1, li. 439.——A king of Œchalia, father to Iole. He offered his daughter to him who shot a bow better than himself. Hercules conquered him, and put him to death because he refused him his daughter as the prize of his victory. Apollodorus, bk. 2, chs. 4 & 7.——A son of Actor, concerned in the wars between Augias and Hercules, and killed by the hero.——A son of Augias, killed by Hercules as he was going to Corinth to celebrate the Isthmian games. Apollodorus.——A person killed in hunting the Calydonian boar.——A son of Hippocoon. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 10.——A giant killed by Hercules or Bacchus for making war against the gods.

Eusebia, an empress, wife to Constantius, &c. She died A.D. 360, highly and deservedly lamented.

Eusebius, a bishop of Cæsarea, in great favour with the emperor Constantine. He was concerned in the theological disputes of Arius and Athanasius, and distinguished himself by his writings, which consisted of an ecclesiastical history, the life of Constantine, Chronicon, Evangelical Preparations, and other numerous treatises, most of which are now lost. The best edition of his Præparatio and Demonstratio Evangelica, is by Vigerus, 2 vols., folio, Rothomagi, 1628; and of his ecclesiastical history by Reading, folio, Cambridge. 1720.

Eusebius, a surname of Bacchus.

Eusepus and Pedasus, the twin sons of Bucolion, killed in the Trojan war. Homer, Iliad, bk. 6.

Eustathius, a Greek commentator on the works of Homer. The best edition of this very valuable author is that published at Basil, 3 vols., folio, 1560. It is to be lamented that the design of Alexander Politus, begun at Florence in 1735, and published in the first five books of the Iliad, is not executed, as a Latin translation of these excellent commentaries is among the desiderata of the present day.——A man who wrote a very foolish romance in Greek, entitled De Ismeniæ et Ismenes amoribus, edited by Gaulminus, 8vo, Paris, 1617.

Eutæa, a town of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 27.

Eutelidas, a famous statuary of Argos. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 10.

Euterpe, one of the Muses, daughter to Jupiter and Mnemosyne. She presided over music, and was looked upon as the inventress of the flute and of all wind instruments. She is represented as crowned with flowers, and holding a flute in her hands. Some mythologists attributed to her the invention of tragedy, more commonly supposed to be the production of Melpomene. See: Musæ.——The name of the mother of Themistocles according to some.

Euthycrătes, a sculptor of Sicyon, son of Lysippus. He was particularly happy in the proportions of his statues. Those of Hercules and Alexander were in general esteem, and particularly that of Medea, which was carried on a chariot by four horses. Pliny, bk. 34, ch. 8.——A man who betrayed Olynthus to Philip.

Euthydēmus, an orator and rhetorician, who greatly distinguished himself by his eloquence, &c. Strabo, bk. 14.

Euthȳmus, a celebrated boxer of Locri in Italy, &c. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 6.

Eutrapĕlus, a man described as artful and fallacious by Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 18, li. 31.——A hair-dresser. Martial, bk. 7, ltr. 82.

Eutrăpĕlus Volumnius, a friend of Marcus Antony, &c. Cicero, Letters to his Friends, ltr. 32.

Eutropius, a Latin historian in the age of Julian, under whom he carried arms in the fatal expedition against the Persians. His origin as well as his dignity are unknown; yet some suppose, from the epithet of Clarissimus prefixed to his history, that he was a Roman senator. He wrote an epitome of the history of Rome, from the age of Romulus to the reign of the emperor Valens, to whom the work was dedicated. He wrote a treatise on medicine without being acquainted with the art. Of all his works the Roman history alone is extant. It is composed with conciseness and precision, but without elegance. The best edition of Eutropius is that of Haverkamp, Cum notis variorum, 8vo, Leiden, 1729 & 1762.——A famous eunuch at the court of Arcadius, the son of Theodosius the Great, &c.

Eutychĭde, a woman who was 30 times brought to bed, and carried to the grave by 20 of her children. Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 3.

Eutychĭdes, a learned servant of Atticus, &c. Cicero, bk. 15, Letters to Atticus.——A sculptor.