Divitiăcus, one of the Ædui, intimate with Cæsar. Cicero bk. 1, de Divinatione.

Dium, a town of Eubœa, where there were hot baths. Pliny, bk. 31, ch. 2.——A promontory of Crete.——A town of Macedonia. Livy, bk. 44, ch. 7.

Divodurum, a town of Gaul, now Metz in Lorrain.

Divus Fidius, a god of the Sabines, worshipped also at Rome. Dionysius of Halicarnassus.

Diyllus, an Athenian historian. Diodorus, bk. 16.——A statuary. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 13.

Doberes, a people of Pæonia. Herodotus, bk. 5, ch. 16.

Docĭlis, a gladiator at Rome, mentioned by Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 18, li. 19.

Docĭmus, a man of Tarentum, deprived of his military dignity by Philip son of Amyntas, for indulging himself with hot baths. Polyænus, bk. 4.——An officer of Antigonus. Diodorus, bk. 19.——An officer of Perdiccas, taken by Antigonus. Diodorus, bk. 18.

Dōdōna, a town of Thesprotia in Epirus, or, according to others, in Thessaly. There was in its neighbourhood, upon a small hill called Tmarus, a celebrated oracle of Jupiter. The town and temple of the god were first built by Deucalion, after the universal deluge. It was supposed to be the most ancient oracle of all Greece, and according to the traditions of the Egyptians mentioned by Herodotus, it was founded by a dove. Two black doves, as he relates, took their flight from the city of Thebes in Egypt, one of which flew to the temple of Jupiter Ammon, and the other to Dodona, where, with a human voice, they acquainted the inhabitants of the country that Jupiter had consecrated the ground, which in future would give oracles. The extensive grove which surrounded Jupiter’s temple was endowed with the gift of prophecy, and oracles were frequently delivered by the sacred oaks, and the doves which inhabited the place. This fabulous tradition of the oracular power of the doves is explained by Herodotus, who observes that some Phœnicians carried away two priestesses from Egypt, one of which went to fix her residence at Dodona, where the oracle was established. It may further be observed, that the fable might have been founded upon the double meaning of the word πελειαι, which signifies doves in most parts of Greece, while in the dialect of the Epirots, it implies old women. In ancient times the oracles were delivered by the murmuring of a neighbouring fountain, but the custom was afterwards changed. Large kettles were suspended in the air near a brazen statue, which held a lash in its hand. When the wind blew strong, the statue was agitated and struck against one of the kettles, which communicated the motion to all the rest, and raised that clattering and discordant din which continued for a while, and from which the artifice of the priests drew their predictions. Some suppose that the noise was occasioned by the shaking of the leaves and boughs of an old oak, which the superstition of the people frequently consulted, and from which they pretended to receive oracles. It may be observed with more probability that the oracles were delivered by the priests, who, by artfully concealing themselves behind the oaks, gave occasion to the superstitious multitude to believe that the trees were endowed with the power of prophecy. As the ship Argo was built with some of the oaks of the forest of Dodona, there were some beams in the vessel which gave oracles to the Argonauts, and warned them against the approach of calamity. Within the forest of Dodona there was a stream with a fountain of cool water, which had the power of lighting a torch as soon as it touched it. This fountain was totally dry at noonday, and was restored to its full course at midnight, from which time till the following noon it began to decrease, and at the usual hour was again deprived of its waters. The oracles of Dodona were originally delivered by men, but afterwards by women. See: Dodonides. Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 103.—Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 57.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 3.—Homer, Odyssey, bk. 14; Iliad.—Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 21.—Strabo, bk. 17.—Plutarch, Pyrrhus.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9.—Lucan, bk. 6, li. 427.—Ovid, Tristia, bk. 4, poem 8, li. 23.

Dōdōnæus, a surname of Jupiter from Dodona.

Dōdōne, a daughter of Jupiter and Europa.——A fountain in the forest of Dodona. See: Dodona.

Dōdōnĭdes, the priestesses who gave oracles in the temple of Jupiter in Dodona. According to some traditions the temple was originally inhabited by seven daughters of Atlas, who nursed Bacchus. Their names were Ambrosia, Eudora, Pasithoe, Pytho, Plexaure, Coronis, Tythe or Tyche. In the latter ages the oracles were always delivered by three old women, which custom was first established when Jupiter enjoyed the company of Dione, whom he permitted to receive divine honour in his temple at Dodona. The Bœotians were the only people of Greece who received their oracles at Dodona from men, for reasons which Strabo, bk. 9, fully explains.

Doii, a people of Arabia Felix.

Dolabella Publius Cornelius, a Roman who married the daughter of Cicero. During the civil wars he warmly espoused the interest of Julius Cæsar, whom he accompanied at the famous battles at Pharsalia, Africa, and Munda. He was made consul by his patron, though Marcus Antony his colleague opposed it. After the death of Julius Cæsar, he received the government of Syria as his province. Cassius opposed his views, and Dolabella, for violence, and for the assassination of Trebonius, one of Cæsar’s murderers, was declared an enemy to the republic of Rome. He was besieged by Cassius in Laodicea, and when he saw that all was lost, he killed himself, in the 27th year of his age. He was of small stature, which gave occasion to his father-in-law to ask him once when he entered his house, who had tied him so cleverly to his sword.——A proconsul of Africa.——Another, who conquered the Gauls, Etrurians, and Boii at the lake of Vadimonis, B.C. 283.——The family of the Dolabellæ distinguished themselves at Rome, and one of them, Lucius Cornelius, conquered Lusitania, B.C. 99.

Dolichaon, the father of the Hebrus, &c. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 696.

Dolīche, an island in the Ægean sea. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 6.——A town of Syria,——of Macedonia. Livy, bk. 42, ch. 53.

Dolius, a faithful servant of Ulysses. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 4, li. 675.

Dolomēna, a country of Assyria. Strabo, bk. 16.

Dŏlon, a Trojan, son of Eumedes, famous for his swiftness. Being sent by Hector to spy the Grecian camp by night, he was seized by Diomedes and Ulysses, to whom he revealed the situation, schemes, and resolutions of his countrymen, with the hopes of escaping with his life. He was put to death by Diomedes, as a traitor. Homer, Iliad, bk. 10, li. 314.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 12, li. 349, &c.——A poet. See: Susarion.

Dōlonci, a people of Thrace. Herodotus, bk. 6, ch. 34.

Dŏlŏpes, a people of Thessaly, near mount Pindus. Peleus reigned there, and sent them to the Trojan war under Phœnix. They became also masters of Scyros, and like the rest of the ancient Greeks, were fond of migration. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 2, li. 7.—Flaccus, bk. 2, li. 10.—Livy, bk. 36, ch. 33.—Strabo, bk. 9.—Plutarch, Cimon.

Dŏlŏpia, the country of the Dolopes, near Pindus, through which the Achelous flowed.

Dŏlops, a Trojan, son of Lampus, killed by Menelaus. Homer, Iliad, bk. 15, li. 525.

Domidūcus, a god who presided over marriage. Juno also was called Domiduca, from the power she was supposed to have in marriages.

Domīnĭca, a daughter of Petronius, who married the ♦emperor Valens.

♦ ‘emperior’ replaced with ‘emperor’

Domitĭa lex, de Religione, was enacted by Domitius Ahenobarbus the tribune, A.U.C. 650. It transferred the right of electing priests from the college to the people.

Domĭtia Longīna, a Roman lady who boasted in her debaucheries. She was the wife of the emperor Domitian.

Domĭtiānus Titus Flavius, son of Vespasian and Flavia Domatilla, made himself emperor of Rome at the death of his brother Titus, whom, according to some accounts, he destroyed by poison. The beginning of his reign promised tranquillity to the people, but their expectations were soon frustrated. Domitian became cruel, and gave way to incestuous and unnatural indulgencies. He commanded himself to be called God and Lord in all the papers which were presented to him. He passed the greatest part of the day in catching flies and killing them with a bodkin, so that it was wittily answered by Vibius to a person who asked him who was with the emperor, “Nobody, not even a fly.” In the latter part of his reign Domitian became suspicious, and his anxieties were increased by the predictions of astrologers, but still more poignantly by the stings of remorse. He was so distrustful even when alone, that round the terrace, where he usually walked, he built a wall with shining stones, that from them he might perceive as in a looking-glass whether anybody followed him. All these precautions were unavailing; he perished by the hand of an assassin the 18th of September, A.D. 96, in the 45th year of his age and the 15th of his reign. He was the last of the 12 Cæsars. He distinguished himself for his love of learning, and in a little treatise which he wrote upon the great care which ought to be taken of the hair to prevent baldness, he displayed much taste and elegance, according to the observations of his biographers. After his death he was publicly deprived by the senate of all the honours which had been profusely heaped upon him, and even his body was left in the open air without the honours of a funeral. This disgrace might proceed from the resentment of the senators, whom he had exposed to terror as well as to ridicule. He once assembled that august body, to know in what vessel a turbot might be most conveniently dressed. At another time they received a formal invitation to a feast, and when they arrived at the palace, they were introduced into a large gloomy hall hung with black, and lighted with a few glimmering tapers. In the middle were placed a number of coffins, on each of which was inscribed the name of some one of the invited senators. On a sudden a number of men burst into the room, clothed in black, with drawn swords and flaming torches, and after they had for some time terrified the guests, they permitted them to retire. Such were the amusements and cruelties of a man who, in the first part of his reign, was looked upon as the father of his people, and the restorer of learning and liberty. Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars.—Eutropius, bk. 7.

Domĭtilla Flavia, a woman who married Vespasian, by whom she had Titus a year after her marriage, and, 11 years after, Domitian.——A niece of the emperor Domitian, by whom she was banished.

Domĭtius Domitiănus, a general of Diocletian in Egypt. He assumed the imperial purple at Alexandria, A.D. 288, and supported the dignity of emperor for about two years. He died a violent death.——Lucius. See: Ænobarbus.——Cnæus Ænobarbus, a Roman consul, who conquered Bituitus the Gaul, and left 20,000 of the enemy on the field of battle, and took 3000 prisoners.——A grammarian in the reign of Adrian. He was remarkable for his virtues, and his melancholy disposition.——A Roman who revolted from Antony to Augustus. He was at the battle of Pharsalia, and forced Pompey to fight by the mere force of his ridicule.——The father of Nero, famous for his cruelties and debaucheries. Suetonius, Nero.——A tribune of the people, who conquered the Allobroges. Plutarch.——A consul during whose consulate peace was concluded with Alexander king of Epirus. Livy, bk. 8, ch. 17.——A consul under Caligula. He wrote some few things now lost.——A Latin poet, called also Marsus, in the age of Horace. He wrote epigrams, remarkable for little besides their indelicacy. Ovid, ex Ponto, bk. 4, poem 16, li. 5.——Afer, an orator, who was preceptor to Quintilian. He disgraced his talents by his adulation, and by practising the arts of an informer under Tiberius and his successors. He was made a consul by Nero, and died A.D. 59.

Ælius Donātus, a grammarian, who flourished A.D. 353.——A bishop of Numidia, a promoter of the Donatists, A.D. 311.——A bishop of Africa, banished from Carthage, A.D. 356.

Donilāus, a prince of Gallogræcia, who assisted Pompey with 300 horsemen against Julius Cæsar.

Donūca, a mountain of Thrace. Livy, bk. 40, ch. 57.

Dŏnȳsa, one of the Cyclades in the Ægean, where green marble is found. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 125.

Doracte, an island in the Persian gulf.

Dōres, the inhabitants of Doris. See: Doris.

Dori and Dorica, a part of Achaia near Athens.

Dorĭcus, an epithet applied not only to Doris, but to all the Greeks in general. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 2, li. 27.

Dorienses, a people of Crete,——of Cyrene.

Dorieus, a son of Anaxandridas, who went with a colony into Sicily, because he could not bear to be under his brother at home. Herodotus, bk. 5, ch. 42, &c.—Pausanias, bk. 3, chs. 3 & 16, &c.——A son of Diagoras of Rhodes. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 7.

Dorilas, a rich Libyan prince, killed in the court of Cepheus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 5, fable 4.

Dorilaus, a general of the great Mithridates.

Dorion, a town of Thessaly, where Thamyras the musician challenged the muses to a trial of skill. Statius, Thebiad, bk. 4, li. 182.—Propertius, bk. 2, poem 22, li. 19.—Lucan, bk. 6, li. 352.

Dōris, a country of Greece between Phocis, Thessaly, and Acarnania. It received its name from Dorus the son of Deucalion, who made a settlement there. It was called Tetrapolis, from the four cities of Pindus or Dryopis, Erineum, Cytinium, Borium, which it contained. To these four some add Lilæum and Carphia, and therefore call it Hexapolis. The name of Doris has been common to many parts of Greece. The Dorians, in the age of Deucalion, inhabited Phthiotis, which they exchanged for Histiæotis, in the age of Dorus. From thence they were driven by the Cadmæans, and came to settle near the town of Pindus. From thence they passed into Dryopis, and afterwards into Peloponnesus. Hercules having re-established Ægimius king of Phthiotis or Doris, who had been driven from his country by the Lapithæ, the grateful king appointed Hyllus the son of his patron to be his successor, and the Heraclidæ marched from that part of the country to go to recover Peloponnesus. The Dorians sent many colonies into different places, which bore the same name as their native country. The most famous of these is Doris in Asia Minor, of which Halicarnassus was once the capital. This part of Asia Minor was called Hexapolis, and afterwards Pentapolis, after the exclusion of Halicarnassus. Strabo, bk. 9, &c.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 2, li. 27.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 29.—Apollodorus, bk. 2.—Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 144; bk. 8, ch. 31.——A goddess of the sea, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She married her brother Nereus, by whom she had 50 daughters called Nereides. Her name is often used to express the sea itself. Propertius, bk. 1, poem 17, li. 25.—Virgil, Eclogues, poem 10.—Hesiod, Theogony, li. 240.——A woman of Locri, daughter of Xenetus, whom Dionysius the elder, of Sicily, married the same day with Aristomache. Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 5.——One of the 50 Nereides. Hesiod, Theogony, li. 250.—Homer, Iliad, bk. 18, li. 45.

Doriscus, a place of Thrace near the sea, where Xerxes numbered his forces. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 59.

Dorium, a town of Peloponnesus. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 33.——One of the Danaides. Apollodorus.

Dorius, a mountain of Asia Minor. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 3.

Dorsennus, a comic poet of great merit in the Augustan age. Pliny, bk. 14, ch. 13.—Horace, bk. 2, ltr. 10, li. 173.

Dorso Caius Fabius, a Roman who, when Rome was in the possession of the Gauls, issued from the Capitol, which was then besieged, to go and offer a sacrifice, which was to be offered on mount Quirinalis. He dressed himself in sacerdotal robes, and carrying on his shoulders the statues of his country gods, passed through the guards of the enemy, without betraying the least signs of fear. When he had finished his sacrifice, he returned to the Capitol unmolested by the enemy, who were astonished at his boldness, and did not obstruct his passage or molest his sacrifice. Livy, bk. 5, ch. 46.

Dōrus, a son of Hellen and Orseis, or, according to others, of Deucalion, who left Phthiotis, where his father reigned, and went to make a settlement with some of his companions near mount Ossa. The country was called Doris, and the inhabitants Dorians. Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 56, &c.——A city of Phœnicia, whose inhabitants are called Dorienses. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 24.

Doryasus, a Spartan, father to Agesilaus.

Dŏrȳclus, an illegitimate son of Priam, killed by Ajax in the Trojan war. Homer, Iliad, bk. 11.——A brother of Phineus king of Thrace, who married Beroe. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 620.

Dŏrȳlæum and Dorylæus, a city of Phrygia, now Eski Shehr. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 29.—Cicero, Flaccus, ch. 17.

Dory̆las, one of the centaurs killed by Theseus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 12, li. 180.

Dory̆lāus, a warlike person intimate with Mithridates Evergetes, and general of the Gnossians, B.C. 125. Strabo, bk. 10.

Doryssus, a king of Lacedæmon, killed in a tumult. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 2.

Dosci, a people near the Euxine.

Dosiadas, a poet who wrote a piece of poetry in the form of an altar (βωμος), which Theocritus has imitated.

Dosiades, a Greek, who wrote a history of Crete. Diodorus, bk. 5.

Doson, a surname of Antigonus, because he promised and never performed.

Dossēnus, or Dorsennus. See: Dorsennus.

Dotădas, a king of Messenia, &c. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 3.

Doto, one of the Nereides. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 9, li. 102.

Dotus, a general of the Paphlagonians, in the army of Xerxes. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 72.

Doxander, a man mentioned by Aristotle, Politics, bk. 5.

Dracānus, a mountain where Jupiter took Bacchus from his thigh. Theocritus.

Draco, a celebrated lawgiver of Athens. When he exercised the office of archon, he made a code of laws, B.C. 623, for the use of the citizens, which, on account of their severity, were said to be written in letters of blood. By them, idleness was punished with as much severity as murder, and death was denounced against the one as well as the other. Such a code of rigorous laws gave occasion to a certain Athenian to ask of the legislator why he was so severe in his punishments, and Draco gave for answer, that as the smallest transgression had appeared to him deserving death, he could not find any punishment more rigorous for more atrocious crimes. These laws were at first enforced, but they were often neglected on account of their extreme severity, and Solon totally abolished them, except that one which punished a murderer with death. The popularity of Draco was uncommon, but the gratitude of his admirers proved fatal to him. When once he appeared on the theatre, he was received with repeated applauses, and the people, according to the custom of the Athenians, showed their respect to their lawgiver, by throwing garments upon him. This was done in such profusion, that Draco was soon hid under them, and smothered by the too great veneration of his citizens. Plutarch, Solon.——A man who instructed Plato in music. Plutarch, de Musica.

Dracontides, a wicked citizen of Athens. ♦Plato [Comicus], The Sophists.

♦ ‘Plut.’ replaced with ‘Plato’

Dracus, a general of the Achæans, conquered by Mummius.

Drances, a friend of Latinus, remarkable for his weakness and eloquence. He showed himself an obstinate opponent to the violent measures which Turnus pursued against the Trojans. Some have imagined that the poet wished to delineate the character and the eloquence of Cicero under this name. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 11, li. 122.

Drangina, a province of Persia. Diodorus, bk. 17.

Drapes, a seditious Gaul, &c. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 8, ch. 30.

Drapus, a river of Noricum, which falls into the Danube near Mursa.

Drĕpăna and Drĕpănum, now Trapani, a town of ♦Sicily near mount Eryx, in the form of a scythe, whence its name (δρεπανον, falx). Anchises died there, in his voyage to Italy with his son Æneas. The Romans under Claudius Pulcher were defeated near the coast, B.C. 249, by the Carthaginian general Adherbal. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 707.—Cicero, Against Verres, bk. 2, ch. 57.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 4, li. 474.——A promontory of Peloponnesus.

♦ ‘Scily’ replaced with ‘Sicily’

Drilo, a river of Macedonia, which falls into the Adriatic at Lissus.

Drimăchus, a famous robber of Chios. When a price was set upon his head, he ordered a young man to cut it off and go and receive the money. Such an uncommon instance of generosity so pleased the Chians, that they raised a temple to his memory, and honoured him as a god. Athenæus, bk. 13.

Drinus, a small river falling into the Save and Danube.

Driŏpĭdes, an Athenian ambassador sent to Darius when the peace with Alexander had been violated. Curtius, bk. 3, ch. 13.

Drios, a mountain of Arcadia.

Droi, a people of Thrace. Thucydides, bk. 2, ch. 101.

Dromæus, a surname of Apollo in Crete.

Dropĭci, a people of Persia. Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 125.

Dropion, a king of Pæonia. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 13.

Druentius and Druentia, now Durance, a rapid river of Gaul, which falls into the Rhone between Arles and Avignon. Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 468.—Strabo, bk. 4.

Drugĕri, a people of Thrace. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 11.

Druĭdæ, the ministers of religion among the ancient Gauls and Britons. They were divided into different classes, called the Bardi, Eubages, the Vates, the Semnothei, the Sarronides, and the Samothei. They were held in the greatest veneration by the people. Their life was austere and recluse from the world, their dress was peculiar to themselves, and they generally appeared with a tunic which reached a little below the knee. As the chief power was lodged in their hands, they punished as they pleased, and could declare war and make peace at their option. Their power was extended not only over private families, but they could depose magistrates and even kings, if their actions in any manner deviated from the laws of the state. They had the privilege of naming the magistrates which annually presided over their cities, and the kings were created only with their approbation. They were entrusted with the education of youth, and all religious ceremonies, festivals, and sacrifices were under their peculiar care. They taught the doctrine of the metempsychosis, and believed the immortality of the soul. They were professionally acquainted with the art of magic, and from their knowledge of astrology they drew omens and saw futurity revealed before their eyes. In their sacrifices they often immolated human victims to their gods, a barbarous custom which continued long among them, and which the Roman emperors attempted to abolish, to little purpose. The power and privileges which they enjoyed were beheld with admiration by their countrymen, and as their office was open to every rank and every station, there were many who daily proposed themselves as candidates to enter upon this important function. The rigour, however, and severity of a long noviciate deterred many, and few were willing to attempt a labour, which enjoined them during 15 or 20 years to load their memory with the long and tedious maxims of druidical religion. Their name is derived from the Greek word δρυς, an oak, because the woods and solitary retreats were the places of their residence. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 6, ch. 13.—Pliny, bk. 16, ch. 44.—Diodorus, bk. 5.

Druna, the Drome, a river of Gaul, falling into the Rhone.

Drusilla Livia, a daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina, famous for her debaucheries and licentiousness. She committed incest with her brother Caligula, who was so tenderly attached to her, that, in a dangerous illness, he made her heiress of all his possessions, and commanded that she should succeed him in the Roman empire. She died A.D. 38, in the 23rd year of her age, and was deified by her brother Caligula, who survived her for some time.——A daughter of Agrippa king of Judæa, &c.

Drūso, an unskilful historian and mean usurer, who obliged his debtors, when they could not pay him, to hear him read his compositions, to draw from them praises and flattery. Horace, bk. 1, satire 3, li. 86.

Drūsus, a son of Tiberius and Vipsania, who made himself famous by his intrepidity and courage in the provinces of Illyricum and Pannonia. He was raised to the greatest honours of the state by his father, but a blow which he gave to Sejanus, an audacious libertine, proved his ruin. Sejanus corrupted Livia the wife of Drusus, and in conjunction with her, he caused him to be poisoned by a eunuch, A.D. 23.——A son of Germanicus and Agrippina, who enjoyed offices of the greatest trust under Tiberius. His enemy Sejanus, however, effected his ruin by his insinuations; Drusus was confined by Tiberius, and deprived of all aliment. He was found dead nine days after his confinement, A.D. 33.——A son of the emperor Claudius, who died by swallowing a pear thrown in the air.——An ambitious Roman, grandfather to Cato. He was killed for his seditious conduct. Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 13.——Livius, father of Julia Augusta, was intimate with Brutus, and killed himself with him after the battle of Philippi. Paterculus, bk. 2, ch. 71.——Marcus Livius, a celebrated Roman, who renewed the proposals of the Agrarian laws, which had proved fatal to the Gracchi. He was murdered as he entered his house, though he was attended with a number of clients and Latins, to whom he had proposed the privilege of Roman citizens, B.C. 190. Cicero, Rhetorica ad Herennium, bk. 4, ♦ch. 22.——Nero Claudius, a son of Tiberius Nero and Livia, adopted by Augustus. He was brother to Tiberius, who was afterwards made emperor. He greatly signalized himself in his wars in Germany and Gaul against the Rhœti and Vindelici, and was honoured with a triumph. He died of a fall from his horse in the 30th year of his age, B.C. 9. He left three children, Germanicus, Livia, and Claudius, by his wife Antonia. Dionysius of Halicarnassus.——Marcus Livius Salinator, a consul who conquered Asdrubal with his colleague Claudius Nero. Horace, bk. 4, ode 4.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 824.——Caius, an historian, who being one day missed from his cradle, was found the next on the highest part of the house, with his face turned towards the sun.——Marcus, a pretor, &c. Cicero, Rhetorica ad Herennium, bk. 2, ch. 13.——The plebeian family of the Drusi produced eight consuls, two censors, and one dictator. The surname of Drusus was given to the family of the Livii, as some suppose, because one of them killed a Gaulish leader of that name. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 824, mentions the Drusi among the illustrious Romans, and that perhaps more particularly because the wife of Augustus was of that family.

♦ ‘12’ replaced with ‘22’

Dryădes, nymphs that presided over the woods. Oblations of milk, oil, and honey were offered to them, and sometimes the votaries sacrificed a goat. They were not generally considered immortal, but as genii, whose lives were terminated with the tree over which they were supposed to preside. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 1, li. 11.

Dryantiădes, a patronymic of Lycurgus king of Thrace, son of Dryas. He cut his legs as he attempted to destroy the vines that no libations might be made to Bacchus. Ovid, Ibis, li. 345.

Dryas, a son of Hippolochus, who was father to Lycurgus. He went with Eteocles to the Theban war, where he perished. Statius, Thebiad, bk. 8, li. 355.——A son of Mars, who went to the chase of the Calydonian boar. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 8.——A centaur at the nuptials of Pirithous, who killed Rhœtus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 12, li. 296.——A daughter of Faunus, who so hated the sight of men, that she never appeared in public.——A son of Lycurgus, killed by his own father in a fury. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 5.——A son of Ægyptus, murdered by his wife Eurydice. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 1.

Drymæa, a town of Phocis. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 33.

Drymo, a sea-nymph, one of the attendants of Cyrene. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 4, li. 536.

Drymus, a town between Attica and Bœotia.

Dryŏpe, a woman of Lemnos, whose shape Venus assumed, to persuade all the females of the island to murder the men. Flaccus, bk. 2, li. 174.——A virgin of Œchalia, whom Andræmon married after she had been ravished by Apollo. She became mother of Amphisus, who, when scarce a year old, was with his mother changed into a lotus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 10, li. 331.——A nymph, mother of Tarquitus by Faunus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 551.——A nymph of Arcadia, mother of Pan by Mercury, according to Homer, Hymn 19 to Pan.

Dryŏpeia, an anniversary day observed at Asine in Argolis, in honour of Dryops the son of Apollo.

♦Dryŏpes, a people of Greece, near mount Œta. They afterwards passed into the Peloponnesus, where they inhabited the towns of Asine and Hermione, in Argolis. When they were driven from Asine by the people of Argos, they settled among the Messenians, and called a town by the name of their ancient habitation Asine. Some of their descendants went to make a settlement in Asia Minor, together with the Ionians. Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 146; bk. 8, ch. 32.—Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 34.—Strabo, bks. 7, 8, 13.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 1.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 4, li. 146.—Lucan, bk. 3, li. 179.

♦ ‘Drpŏpes’ replaced with ‘Dryŏpes’

Dryŏpis and Dryŏpĭda, a small country at the foot of mount Œta in Thessaly. Its true situation is not well ascertained. According to Pliny, it bordered on Epirus. It was for some time in the possession of the Hellenes, after they were driven from Histiæotis by the Cadmeans. Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 56.

Dryops, a son of Priam.——A son of Apollo. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 34.——A friend of Æneas, killed by Clausus in Italy. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 346.

Drypĕtis, the younger daughter of Darius, given in marriage to Hephæstion by Alexander. Diodorus, bk. 18.

Dubis, or Alduadubis, the Daux, a river of Gaul, falling into the Saone.

Dubris, a town of Britain, supposed to be Dover.

Ducetius, a Sicilian general, who died B.C. 440.

Duillia lex, was enacted by Marcus Duillius, a tribune, A.U.C. 304. It made it a capital crime to leave the Roman people without its tribunes, or to create any new magistrate without a sufficient cause. Livy, bk. 3, ch. 55.——Another, A.U.C. 392, to regulate what interest ought to be paid for money lent.

C. Duillius Nepos, a Roman consul, the first who obtained a victory over the naval power of Carthage, B.C. 260. He took 50 of the enemy’s ships, and was honoured with a naval triumph, the first that ever appeared at Rome. The senate rewarded his valour by permitting him to have music playing and torches lighted, at the public expense, every day while he was at supper. There were some medals struck in commemoration of this victory, and there still exists a column at Rome which was erected on the occasion. Cicero, de Senectute.—Tacitus, Annals, bk. 1, ch. 12.

Dulĭchium, an island of the Ionian sea, opposite the Achelous. It was part of the kingdom of Ulysses. Ovid, Tristia, bk. 1, poem 4, li. 67; Metamorphoses, bk. 14, li. 226; Remedia Amoris, li. 272.—Martial, bk. 11, ltr. 70, li. 8.—Virgil, Eclogues, poem 6, li. 76.

Dumnōrix, a powerful chief among the Ædui. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 1, ch. 9.

Dunax, a mountain of Thrace.

Duratius Picto, a Gaul, who remained in perpetual friendship with the Roman people. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 8, ch. 26.

Duris, an historian of Samos, who flourished B.C. 257. He wrote the life of Agathocles of Syracuse, a treatise on tragedy, a history of Macedonia, &c. Strabo, bk. 1.

Durius, a large river of ancient Spain, now called the Douro, which falls into the ocean, near modern Oporto in Portugal, after a course of nearly 300 miles. Silius Italicus, bk. 1, li. 234.

Durocasses, the chief residence of the Druids in Gaul, now Dreux. Cæsar. Gallic War, bk. 6, ch. 13.

Duronia, a town of the Samnites.

Dusii, some deities among the Gauls. Augustine, The City of God, bk. 15, ch. 23.

Duumvĭri, two noble patricians at Rome, first appointed by Tarquin to keep the Sibylline books, which were supposed to contain the fate of the Roman empire. These sacred books were placed in the Capitol, and secured in a chest under the ground. They were consulted but seldom, and only by an order of the senate, when the armies had been defeated in war, or when Rome seemed to be threatened by an invasion, or by secret seditions. These priests continued in their original institution, till the year A.U.C. 388, when a law was proposed by the tribunes to increase the number to 10, to be chosen promiscuously from patrician and plebeian families. They were from their number called Decemviri, and some time after Sylla increased them to 15, known by the name of Quindecemviri.——There were also certain magistrates at Rome, called Duumviri perduelliones sive capitales. They were first created by Tullus Hostilius, for trying such as were accused of treason. This office was abolished as unnecessary, but Cicero complains of their revival by Labienus the tribune. For Rabirius on a Charge of Treason.——Some of the commanders of the Roman vessels were also called Duumviri, especially when there were two together. They were first created A.U.C. 542.——There were also in the municipal towns in the provinces two magistrates called Duumviri municipales. They were chosen from the centurions, and their office was much the same as that of the two consuls at Rome. They were sometimes preceded by two lictors with the fasces. Their magistracy continued for five years, on which account they have been called Quinquennales magistratus.

Dyagondas, a Theban legislator, who abolished all nocturnal sacrifices. Cicero, de Legibus, bk. 2, ch. 15.

Dyardenses, a river in the extremities of India. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 9.

Dy̆mæ, a town of Achaia. Livy, bk. 27, ch. 31; bk. 32, ch. 22.—Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 17.

Dy̆mæi, a people of Ætolia. Diodorus, bk. 19.

Dy̆mas, a Trojan, who joined himself to Æneas when Troy was taken, and was at last killed by his countrymen, who took him to be an enemy because he had dressed himself in the armour of one of the Greeks whom he had slain. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 2, lis. 340 & 428.——The father of Hecuba. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 11, li. 761.

Dymnus, one of Alexander’s officers. He conspired with many of his fellow-soldiers against his master’s life. The conspiracy was discovered, and Dymnus stabbed himself before he was brought before the king. Curtius, bk. 6, ch. 7.

Dȳnămĕne, one of the Nereides. Homer, Iliad, bk. 18, li. 43.

Dynaste, a daughter of Thespius. Apollodorus.

Dyras, a river of Trachinia. It rises at the foot of mount Œta, and falls into the bay of Malia. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 198.

Dyraspes, a river of Scythia. Ovid, ex Ponto, bk. 4, poem 10, li. 54.

Dyris, the name of mount Atlas among the inhabitants of that neighbourhood.

Dyrrhăchium, now Durazzo, a large city of Macedonia, bordering on the Adriatic sea, founded by a colony from Corcyra, B.C. 623. It was anciently called Epidammus, which the Romans, considering it of ominous meaning, changed ♦into Dyrrhachium. Cicero met with a ♥favourable reception there during his exile. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 3.—Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 10.—Plutarch.—Cicero, bk. 3, Letters to Atticus, ltr. 22.