Saba, a town of Arabia, famous for frankincense, myrrh, and aromatic plants. The inhabitants were called Sabæi. Strabo, bk. 16.—Diodorus, bk. 3.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 1, li. 57; Æneid, bk. 1, li. 420.
Sabăchus, or Sabacon, a king of Æthiopia, who invaded Egypt and reigned there, after the expulsion of king Amasis. After a reign of 50 years he was terrified by a dream, and retired into his own kingdom. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 137, &c.
Sabæi, a people of Arabia. See: Saba.
Sabāta, a town of Liguria with a safe and beautiful harbour, supposed to be the modern Savona. Silius Italicus, bk. 8, li. 461.—Strabo, bk. 4.——A town of Assyria.
Sabatha, a town of Arabia, now Sanaa.
Sabatra, a town of Syria. Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 256.
Sabatini, a people of Samnium, living on the banks of the Sabatus, a river which falls into the Vulturnus. Livy, bk. 26, ch. 33.
Sabazius, a surname of Bacchus, as also of Jupiter. Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 3, ch. 23.—Arnobius, bk. 4.
Sabbas, a king of India.
Sabella, the nurse of the poet Horace, bk. 1, satire 9, li. 29.
Sabelli, a people of Italy, descended from the Sabines, or, according to some, from the Samnites. They inhabited that part of the country which lies between the Sabines and the Marsi. Hence the epithet of Sabellicus. Horace, bk. 3, ode 6.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 3, li. 255.
Sabellus, a Latin poet in the reign of Domitian and Nerva.
Julia Sabīna, a Roman matron, who married Adrian by means of Plotina the wife of Trajan. She is celebrated for her private as well as public virtues. Adrian treated her with the greatest asperity, though he had received from her the imperial purple; and the empress was so sensible of his unkindness, that she boasted in his presence that she had disdained to make him a father, lest his children should become more odious or more tyrannical than he himself was. The behaviour of Sabina at last so exasperated Adrian that he poisoned her, or, according to some, obliged her to destroy herself. The emperor at that time laboured under a mortal disease, and therefore he was the more encouraged to sacrifice Sabina to his resentment, that she might not survive him. Divine honours were paid to her memory. She died after she had been married 38 years to Adrian, A.D. 138.
Sabīni, an ancient people of Italy, reckoned among the Aborigines, or those inhabitants whose origin was not known. Some suppose that they were originally a Lacedæmonian colony, who settled in that part of the country. The possessions of the Sabines were situated in the neighbourhood of Rome, between the river Nar and the Anio, and bounded on the north by the Apennines and Umbria, south by Latium, east by the Æqui, and Etruria on the west. The greatest part of the contiguous nations were descended from them, such as the Umbrians, the Campanians, the Sabelli, the Osci, Samnites, Hernici, Æqui, Marsi, Brutii, &c. The Sabines are celebrated in ancient history as being the first who took up arms against the Romans, to avenge the rape of their females at a spectacle where they had been invited. After some engagements, the greatest part of the Sabines left their ancient possessions, and migrated to Rome, where they settled with their new allies. They were at last totally subdued, about the year of Rome 373, and ranked as Roman citizens. Their chief cities were Cures, Fidenæ, Reate, Crustumerium, Corniculum, Nomentum, Collatia, &c. The character of the nation for chastity, for purity of morals, and for the knowledge of herbs and incantations, was very great. Horace, epode 17, li. 28.—Cicero, Against Vatinius, ch. 15.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 12.—Livy, bk. 1, chs. 9 & 18.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 2, ch. 51.—Strabo, bk. 5.—Florus, bk. 1, ch. 1; bk. 3, ch. 18.—Silius Italicus, bk. 8, li. 424.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, lis. 775 & 797; Ars Amatoria, bk. 1, li. 101; ♦Amores, bk. 3, poem 8, li. 61.—Juvenal, satire 10, li. 197.
♦ Book name omitted from text.
Sabiniānus, a general who revolted in Africa, in the reign of Gordian, and was defeated soon after, A.D. 240.——A general of the eastern empire, &c.
Sabīnus Aulus, a Latin poet intimate with Ovid. He wrote some epistles and elegies, in the number of which were mentioned, an epistle from Æneas to Dido, from Hippolytus to Phædra, and from Jason to ♦Hypsipyle, from Demophoon to Phyllis, from Paris to Œnome, from Ulysses to Penelope; the three last of which, though said to be his composition, are spurious. Ovid, Amores, bk. 2, poem 13, li. 27.——A man from whom the Sabines received their name. He received divine honours after death, and was one of those deities whom Æneas invoked when he entered Italy. He was supposed to be of Lacedæmonian origin. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 171.——An officer of Cæsar’s army defeated by the Gauls.——Julius, an officer who proclaimed himself emperor in the beginning of Vespasian’s reign. He was soon after defeated in a battle; and, to escape from the conqueror, he hid himself in a subterraneous cave, with two faithful domestics, where he continued unseen for nine successive years. His wife found out his retreat, and spent her time with him, till her frequent visits to the cave discovered the place of his concealment. He was dragged before Vespasian, and by his orders put to death, though his friends interested themselves in his cause, and his wife endeavoured to raise the emperor’s pity, by showing him the twins whom she had brought forth in their subterraneous retreat.——Cornelius, a man who conspired against Caligula, and afterwards destroyed himself.——Titius, a Roman senator, shamefully accused and condemned by Sejanus. His body, after execution, was dragged through the streets of Rome, and treated with the greatest indignities. His dog constantly followed the body, and when it was thrown into the Tiber, the faithful animal plunged in after it, and was drowned. Pliny, bk. 8, ch. 40.——Poppæus, a Roman consul, who presided above 24 years over Mœsia, and obtained a triumph for his victories over the barbarians. He was a great favourite of Augustus and of Tiberius. Tacitus, Annals.——Flavius, a brother of Vespasian, killed by the populace. He was well known for his fidelity to Vitellius. He commanded in the Roman armies 35 years, and was governor of Rome for 12.——A friend of Domitian.——A Roman who attempted to plunder the temple of the Jews.——A friend of the emperor Alexander.——A lawyer.
♦ ‘Hipsipyle’ replaced with ‘Hypsipyle’ for consistency.
Sabis, now Sambre, a river of Belgic Gaul, falling into the Maese at Namur. Cæsar, bk. 2, chs. 16 & 18.
Sabota, the same as Sabatha.
Sabracæ, a powerful nation of India. Curtius, bk. 9, ch. 8.
Sabrăta, a maritime town of Africa, near the Syrtes. It was a Roman colony, about 70 miles from the modern Tripoli. Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 256.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 4.
Sabrina, the Severn in England.
Sabŭra, a general of Juba king of Numidia, defeated and killed in a battle. Lucan, bk. 4, li. 722.
Saburānus, an officer of the pretorian guards. When he was appointed to this office by the emperor Trajan, the prince presented him with a sword, saying, “Use this weapon in my service as long as my commands are just; but turn it against my own breast, whenever I become cruel or malevolent.”
Sabus, one of the ancient kings of the Sabines; the same as Sabinus. See: Sabinus.——A king of Arabia.
Sacădas, a musician and poet of Argos, who obtained three several times the prize at the Pythian games. Plutarch, de Musica.—Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 14.
Sacæ, a people of Scythia, who inhabited the country that lies at the east of Bactriana and Sogdiana, and towards the north of mount Imaus. The name of Sacæ was given in general to all the Scythians, by the Persians. They had no towns, according to some writers, but lived in tents. Ptolemy, bk. 6, ch. 13.—Herodotus, bk. 3, ch. 93; bk. 7, ch. 63.—Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 17.—Solinus, ch. 62.
Sacer mons, a mountain near Rome. See: Mons sacer.
Sacer lucus, a wood of Campania, on the Liris.
Sacer portus, or Sacri portus, a place of Italy, near Præneste, famous for a battle that was fought there between Sylla and Marius, in which the former obtained the victory. Paterculus, bk. 2, ch. 26.—Lucan, bk. 2, li. 134.
Sacrāni, a people of Latium, who assisted Turnus against Æneas. They were descended from the Pelasgians, or from a priest of Cybele. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 796.
Sacrātor, one of the friends of Turnus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 747.
Sacra via, a celebrated street of Rome, where a treaty of peace and alliance was made between Romulus and Tatis. It led from the amphitheatre to the capitol, by the temple of the goddess of peace, and the temple of Cæsar. The triumphal processions passed through it to go to the capitol. Horace, bk. 4, ode 2; bk. 1, satire 9.—Livy, bk. 2, ch. 13.—Cicero, For Plancius, ch. 7, Letters to Atticus, bk. 4, ltr. 4.
Sacrāta lex, militaris, A.U.C. 411, by the dictator Valerius Corvus, as some suppose, enacted that the name of no soldier which had been entered in the muster roll should be struck out but by his consent, and that no person who had been a military tribune should execute the office of ductor ordinum.
Marcus Sacrātĭvir, a friend of Cæsar, killed at Dyrrachium. Cæsar, Gallic War.
Sacri portus. See: Sacer portus.
Sacrum bellum, a name given to the wars carried on concerning the temple of Delphi. The first began B.C. 448, and in it the Athenians and Lacedæmonians were auxiliaries on opposite sides. The second war began 357 B.C., and finished nine years after by Philip of Macedonia, who destroyed all the cities of the Phocians. See: Phocis.——Promontorium, a promontory of Spain, now Cape St. Vincent, called by Strabo the most westerly part of the earth.
Sadales, a son of Cotys king of Thrace, who assisted Pompey with a body of 500 horsemen. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 3.—Cicero, Against Verres, bk. 1.
Sadus, a river of India.
Sadyātes, one of the Mermnadæ, who reigned in Lydia 12 years after his father Gyges. He made war against the Milesians for six years. Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 16, &c.
Sætabis, a town of Spain near the Lucro, on a rising hill, famous for its fine linen. Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 373.
Sagalassus, a town of Pisidia on the borders of Phrygia, now Sadjaklu. Livy, bk. 38, ch. 15.
Sagăna, a woman acquainted with magic and enchantments. Horace, epode 5, li. 25.
Sagăris, a river of Asia, rising from mount Dindymus in Phrygia, and falling into the Euxine. See: Sangaris. Ovid, ex Ponto, bk. 4, poem 10, li. 47.——One of the companions of Æneas, killed by Turnus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 263; bk. 9, li. 575.
Claudius Sagitta, an officer who encouraged Piso to rebel against the emperor Nero, &c. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 4, ch. 49.
Sagra, a small river of Italy in the country of the Brutii, where 130,000 Crotoniatæ were routed by 10,000 Locrians and Rhegians. Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 2, ch. 2.—Strabo, bk. 6.
Saguntum, or Saguntus, a town of Hispania Tarraconensis at the west of the Iberus, about one mile from the sea-shore, now called Morvedro. It had been founded by a colony of Zacynthians, and by some of the Rutuli of Ardea. Saguntum is celebrated for the clay in its neighbourhood, with which cups, pocula Saguntina, were made, but more particularly it is famous as being the cause of the second Punic war, and for the attachment of its inhabitants to the interest of Rome. Hannibal took it after a siege of about eight months; and the inhabitants, not to fall into the enemy’s hands, burnt themselves with their houses, and with all their effects. The conqueror afterwards rebuilt it, and placed a garrison there, with all the noblemen whom he detained as hostages from the several neighbouring nations of Spain. Some suppose that he called it Spartagene. Florus, bk. 2, ch. 6.—Livy, bk. 21, chs. 2, 7, 9.—Silius Italicus, bk. 1, li. 271.—Lucan, bk. 3, li. 250.—Strabo, bk. 3.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 6.
Sais, now Sa, a town in the Delta of Egypt, situate between the Canopic and Sebennytican mouths of the Nile, and anciently the capital of Lower Egypt. There was there a celebrated temple dedicated to Minerva, with a room cut out of one stone, which had been conveyed by water from Elephantis by the labours of 2000 men in three years. The stone measured on the outside 21 cubits long, 14 broad, and eight high. Osiris was also buried near the town of Sais. The inhabitants were called Saitæ. One of the mouths of the Nile, which is adjoining to the town, has received the name of Saiticum. Strabo, bk. 17.—Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 17, &c.
Sala, a town of Thrace, near the mouths of the Hebrus.——A town of Mauritania.——Of Phrygia.——A river of Germany falling into the Elbe, near which are salt-pits. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 13, ch. 57.——Another falling into the Rhine, now the Issel.
Salăcon, a poor man who pretended to be uncommonly rich, &c. Cicero, De Divinatione, bk. 7, ch. 24.
♦Salamantica, a town of Spain, now Salamanca.
♦ Placed in alphabetical order.
Salamīnia, a name given to a ship at Athens, which was employed by the republic in conveying the officers of state to their different administrations abroad, &c.——A name given to the island of Cyprus, on account of Salamis, one of its capital cities.
Sălămis, a daughter of the river Asopus by Methone. Neptune became enamoured of her, and carried her to an island of the Ægean, which afterwards bore her name, and where she gave birth to a son called Cenchreus. Diodorus, bk. 4.
Sălămis, Salamins, or Salamīna, now Colouri, an island in the Saronicus sinus, on the southern coast of Attica, opposite Eleusis, at the distance of about a league, with a town and harbour of the same name. It is about 50 miles in circumference. It was originally peopled by a colony of Ionians, and afterwards by some of the Greeks from the adjacent islands and countries. It is celebrated for a battle which was fought there between the fleet of the Greeks and that of the Persians, when Xerxes invaded Attica. The enemy’s ships amounted to above 2000, and those of the Peloponnesians to about 380 sail. In this engagement, which was fought on the 20th of October, B.C. 480, the Greeks lost 40 ships, and the Persians about 200, besides an immense number which were taken, with all the ammunition they contained. The island of Salamis was anciently called Sciras, Cychria, or Cenchria, and its bay the gulf of Engia. It is said that Xerxes attempted to join it to the continent. Teucer and Ajax, who went to the Trojan war, were natives of Salamis. Strabo, bk. 2.—Herodotus, bk. 8, ch. 56, &c.—Plutarch & Cornelius Nepos, Themistocles, &c.—Diodorus, bk. 4.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 5, ch. 3.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 35, &c.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 7.—Lucan, bk. 5, li. 109.—Silius Italicus, bk. 14, li. 283.
Sălămis, or Salămīna, a town at the east of the island of Cyprus. It was built by Teucer, who gave it the name of the island Salamis, from which he had been banished about 1270 years before the christian era; and from this circumstance the epithets of ambigua and of altera were applied to it, as the mother country was also called vera, for the sake of distinction. His descendants continued masters of the town for above 800 years. It was destroyed by an earthquake, and rebuilt in the fourth century, and called Constantia. Strabo, bk. 9.—Herodotus, bk. 8, ch. 94, &c.—Horace, bk. 1, ode 7, li. 21.—Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 1.—Lucan, bk. 3, li. 183.
Sălāpia, or Sălăpiæ, now Salpe, a town of Apulia, where Annibal retired after the battle of Cannæ, and where he devoted himself to licentious pleasure, forgetful of his fame, and of the interests of his country. It was taken from the Carthaginian general by Marcellus. Some remains of this place may be traced near a lake called Salapina Palus, now used for making salt, which, from the situation near the sea, is easily conveyed by small boats to ships of superior burden. Lucan, bk. 5, li. 377.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 3, ch. 8.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 11.
Salăra, a town of Africa propria, taken by Scipio. Livy, bk. 29, ch. 34, &c.
Salaria, a street and gate at Rome which led towards the country of the Sabines. It received the name of Salaria, because salt (sal) was generally conveyed to Rome that way. Martial, bk. 4, ltr. 64.——A bridge called Salarius, was built four miles from Rome through the Salarian gate on the river Anio.
Salassi, a people of Cisalpine Gaul who were in continual war with the Romans. They cut off 10,000 Romans under Appius Claudius, A.U.C. 610, and were soon after defeated, and at last totally subdued and sold as slaves by Augustus. Their country, now called Val de Aousta, after a colony settled there, and called Augusta Prætoria, was situate in a valley between the Alps Graiæ and Penninæ, or Great and Little St. Bernard. Livy, bk. 21, ch. 38.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 17.—Strabo, bk. 4.
Saleius, a poet of great merit in the age of Domitian, yet pinched by poverty, though born of illustrious parents, and distinguished by purity of manners and integrity of mind. Juvenal, satire 7, li. 80.—Quintilian, bk. 10, ch. 1.
Salēnii, a people of Spain. Mela, bk. 3, ch. 1.
Salentīni, a people of Italy, near Apulia, on the southern coast of Calabria. Their chief towns were Brundusium, Tarentum, and Hydruntum. Silius Italicus, bk. 8, li. 579.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 400.—Varro, de Re Rustica, bk. 1, ch. 24.—Strabo, bk. 6.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 4.
Salernum, now Salerno, a town of the Picentini, on the shores of the Tyrrhene sea, south of Campania, and famous for a medical school in the lower ages. Pliny, bk. 13, ch. 3.—Livy, bk. 34, ch. 45.—Lucan, bk. 2, li. 425.—Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 15.—Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 15.
Salganeus, or Salganea, a town of Bœotia, on the Euripus. Livy, bk. 35, ch. 37, &c.
Salia, a town of Spain, where Prudentius was born. Mela.
Salica, a town of Spain.
Salii, a college of priests at Rome, instituted in honour of Mars, and appointed by Numa to take care of the sacred shields called Ancylia, B.C. 709. See: Ancyle. They were 12 in number, the three elders among them had the superintendence of all the rest; the first was called præsul, the second vates, and the third magister. Their number was afterwards doubled by Tullus Hostilius, after he had obtained a victory over the Fidenates, in consequence of a vow which he had made to Mars. The Salii were all of patrician families, and the office was very honourable. The 1st of March was the day on which the Salii observed their festivals in honour of Mars. They were generally dressed in a short scarlet tunic, of which only the edges were seen; they wore a large purple-coloured belt about the waist, which was fastened with brass buckles. They had on their heads round bonnets with two corners standing up, and they wore in their right hand a small rod, and in their left a small buckler. In the observation of their solemnity they first offered sacrifices, and afterwards went through the streets dancing in measured motions, sometimes all together, or at other times separately, while musical instruments were playing before them. They placed their body in different attitudes, and struck with their rods the shields which they held in their hands. They also sung hymns in honour of the gods, particularly of Mars, Juno, Venus, and Minerva, and they were accompanied in the chorus by a certain number of virgins, habited like themselves, and called Saliæ. The Salii instituted by Numa were called Palatini, in contradistinction from the others, because they lived on mount Palatine, and offered their sacrifices there. Those that were added by Tullus were called Collini, Agonales, or Quirinales, from a mountain of the same name, where they had fixed their residence. Their name seems to have been derived a saliendo, or saltando, because during their festivals it was particularly requisite that they should leap and dance. Their feasts and entertainments were uncommonly rich and sumptuous, whence dapes saliares is proverbially applied to such repasts as are most splendid and costly. It was usual among the Romans when they declared war, for the Salii to shake their shields with great violence, as if to call upon the god Mars to come to their assistance. Livy, bk. 1, ch. 20.—Varro, de Lingua Latina, bk. 4, ch. 15.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 3, li. 387.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 3.—Florus, bk. 1, ch. 2, &c.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 285.——A nation of Germany who invaded Gaul, and were conquered by the emperor Julian. Ammianus Marcellinus, bk. 17.
Salinātor, a surname common to the family of the Livii and others.
Salius, an Acarnanian at the games exhibited by Æneas in Sicily, and killed in the wars with Turnus. It is said by some that he taught the Latins those ceremonies, accompanied with dancing, which afterwards bore his name in the appellation of the Salii. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 298; bk. 10, li. 753.
Crispus Sallustius, a Latin historian, born at Amiternum, in the country of the Sabines. He received his education at Rome, and made himself known as a public magistrate in the office of questor and consul. His licentiousness, and the depravity of his manners, however, did not escape the censure of the age, and Sallust was degraded from the dignity of a senator, B.C. 50. His amour with Fausta the daughter of Sylla was a strong proof of his debauchery; and Milo the husband, who discovered the adulterer in his house, revenged the violence offered to his bed, by beating him with stripes, and selling him his liberty at a high price. A continuation of extravagance could not long be supported by the income of Sallust, but he extricated himself from all difficulties by embracing the cause of Cæsar. He was restored to the rank of senator, and made governor of Numidia. In the administration of his province, Sallust behaved with unusual tyranny; he enriched himself by plundering the Africans, and at his return to Rome he built himself a magnificent house, and bought gardens, which, from their delightful and pleasant situation, still preserve the name of the gardens of Sallust. He married Terentia the divorced wife of Cicero; and from this circumstance, according to some, arose an immortal hatred between the historian and the orator. Sallust died in the 51st year of his age, 35 years before the christian era. As a writer he is peculiarly distinguished. He had composed a history of Rome, but nothing remains of it except a few fragments, and his only compositions extant are his history of Catiline’s conspiracy, and of the wars of Jugurtha king of Numidia. In these celebrated works the author is greatly commended for his elegance, the vigour and animation of his sentences; he everywhere displays a wonderful knowledge of the human heart, and paints with a masterly hand the causes that gave rise to the great events which he relates. No one was better acquainted with the vices that prevailed in the capital of Italy, and no one seems to have been more severe against the follies of the age, and the failings of which he himself was guilty in the eyes of the world. His descriptions are elegantly correct, and his harangues are nervous and animated, and well suiting the character and the different pursuits of the great men in whose mouths they are placed. The historian, however, is blamed for tedious and insipid exordiums, which often disgust the reader without improving him; his affectation of old and obsolete words and phrases is also censured, and particularly his unwarrantable partiality in some of his narrations. Though faithful in every other respect, he has not painted the character of Cicero with all the fidelity and accuracy which the reader claims from the historian; and in passing in silence over many actions which reflect the greatest honour on the first husband of Terentia, the rival of Cicero has disgraced himself, and rendered his compositions less authentic. There are two orations or epistles to Cæsar, concerning the regulations of the state, attributed to him, as also an oration against Cicero, whose authenticity some of the moderns have disputed. The best editions of Sallust, are those of Haverkamp, 2 vols., 4to, Amsterdam, 1742; and of Edinburgh, 12mo, 1755. Quintilian, bk. 10, ch. 1.—Suetonius, The Grammarians in The Cæsars.—Martial, bk. 14, ltr. 191.——A nephew of the historian, by whom he was adopted. He imitated the moderation of Mæcenas, and remained satisfied with the dignity of a Roman knight, when he could have made himself powerful by the favours of Augustus and Tiberius. He was very effeminate and luxurious. Horace dedicated bk. 2, ode 2, to him. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 1.—Pliny, bk. 34.——Secundus Promotus, a native of Gaul, very intimate with the emperor Julian. He is remarkable for his integrity, and the soundness of his counsels. Julian made ♦him prefect of Gaul.——There is also another Sallust, called Secundus, whom some have improperly confounded with Promotus. Secundus was also one of Julian’s favourites, and was made by him prefect of the east. He conciliated the good graces of the Romans by the purity of his morals, his fondness for discipline, and his religious principles. After the death of the emperor Jovian, he was universally named by the officers of the Roman empire to succeed on the imperial throne; but he refused this great though dangerous honour, and pleaded infirmities of body and old age. The Romans wished upon this to invest his son with the imperial purple, but Secundus opposed it, and observed that he was too young to support the dignity.——A prefect of Rome in the reign of Valentinian.——An officer in Britain.
♦ removed duplicate ‘him’
Salmăcis, a fountain of Caria, near Halicarnassus, which rendered effeminate all those who drank of its waters. It was there that Hermaphroditus changed his sex, though he still retained the characteristics of his own. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 4, li. 285; bk. 15, li. 319.—Hyginus, fable 271.—Festus, Lexicon of Festus.
Salmōne, a town of Elis in Peloponnesus, with a fountain, from which the Enipeus takes its source, and falls into the Alpheus, about 40 stadia from Olympia, which, on account of that, is called Salmonis. Ovid, bk. 3, Amores, poem 6, li. 43.——A promontory at the east of Crete. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 5.
Salmoneus, a king of Elis, son of Æolus and Enarette, who married Alcidice, by whom he had Tyro. He wished to be called a god, and to receive divine honours from his subjects; therefore to imitate the thunder, he used to drive his chariot over a brazen bridge, and darted burning torches on every side, as if to imitate the lightning. This impiety provoked Jupiter. Salmoneus was struck with a thunderbolt, and placed in the infernal regions near his brother Sisyphus. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 11, li. 235.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9.—Hyginus, fable 60.—Diodorus, bk. 4.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 585.
Salmōnis, a name given to Olympia. See: Salmone.——The patronymic of Tyro daughter of Salmoneus. Ovid, Amores, bk. 3, poem 6, li. 43.
Salmus (untis), a town of Asia near the Red sea, where Alexander saw a theatrical representation. Diodorus, bk. 17.
Salmydessus, a bay on the Euxine sea.
Salo, now Xalon, a river in Spain, falling into the Iberus. Martial, bk. 10, ltr. 20.
Salodurum, now Soleure, a town of the Helvetii.
Salōme, a queen of Judæa. This name was common to some of the princesses in the family of Herod, &c.
Salon, a country of Bithynia.
Sălōna, or Salōne, a town of Dalmatia, about 10 miles distant from the coast of the Adriatic, conquered by Pollio, who on that account called his son Saloninos, in honour of the victory. It was the native place of the emperor Diocletian, and he retired there to enjoy peace and tranquillity, after he had abdicated the imperial purple, and built a stately palace, the ruins of which were still seen in the 16th century. A small village of the same name preserves the traces of its fallen grandeur. Near is Spalatro. Lucan, bk. 4, li. 404.—Cæsar, Civil War, bk. 9.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 3.
Salonīna, a celebrated matron who married the emperor Gallienus, and distinguished herself by her private as well as public virtues. She was a patroness of all the fine arts, and to her clemency, mildness, and benevolence, Rome was indebted some time for her peace and prosperity. She accompanied her husband in some of his expeditions, and often called him away from the pursuits of pleasure to make war against the enemies of Rome. She was put to death by the hands of the conspirators, who also assassinated her husband and family, about the year 268 of the christian era.
Salonīnus, a son of Asinius Pollio. He received his name from the conquest of Salona by his father. Some suppose that he is the hero of Virgil’s fourth eclogue, in which the return of the golden age is so warmly and beautifully anticipated.——Publius Licinius Cornelius, a son of Gallienus by Salonina, sent into Gaul, there to be taught the art of war. He remained there some time, till the usurper Posthumius arose, and proclaimed himself emperor. Saloninus was upon this delivered up to his enemy and put to death in the 10th year of his age.
Salonius, a friend of Cato the censor. The daughter of Censorius married Salonius in his old age. Plutarch.——A tribune and centurion of the Roman army, hated by the populace for his strictness.
Salpis, a colony of Etruria, whose inhabitants are called Salpinates. Livy, bk. 5, ch. 31.
Salsum, a river in Spain. Cæsar.
Salvian, one of the fathers of the fifth century, of whose works the best edition is the 12mo, Paris, 1684.
Salvidiēnus, an officer of the army of Augustus. He was betrayed by Antony, and put to death.——A Latin writer in the age of the emperor Probus.
Salvius, a flute-player, saluted king by the rebellious slaves of Sicily in the age of Marius. He maintained for some time war against the Romans.——A nephew of the emperor Otho.——A friend of Pompey.——A man put to death by Domitian.——A freedman of Atticus. Cicero, ♦Letters to Atticus, bk. 10.——Another of the sons of Hortensius. Cicero, Letters to Atticus.
♦ ‘ad Div. c. 11.’ replaced with ‘Letters to Atticus, bk. 10’
Salus, the goddess of health at Rome, worshipped by the Greeks under the name of Hygeia. Livy, bks. 9 & 10.
Salyes, a people of Gaul on the Rhone. Livy, bk. 5, chs. 34 & 35; bk. 21, ch. 26.
Samăra, a river of Gaul, now called the Somme, which falls into the British channel near Abbeville.
Samaria, a city and country of Palestine, famous in sacred history. The inhabitants, called Samaritans, were composed of heathens and rebellious Jews, and on having a temple built there after the form of that of Jerusalem, a lasting enmity arose between the people of Judæa and of Samaria, so that no intercourse took place between the two countries, and the name of Samaritan became a word of reproach, and as it were a curse.
Samarobriva, a town of Gaul, now Amiens, in Picardy.
Sambūlos, a mountain near Mesopotamia, where Hercules was worshipped. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 12, ch. 13.
Sambus, an Indian king defeated by Alexander. Diodorus, bk. 17.——A river of India.
Same, or Samos, a small island in the Ionian ♦sea near Ithaca, called also Cephallenia. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 271.
♦ ‘sear’ replaced with ‘sea’
Samia, a daughter of the river Mæander. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 4.——A surname of Juno, because she was worshipped at Samos.
Samnītæ, or Amnitæ, a people of Gaul.
Samnītes, a people of Italy, who inhabited the country situate between Picenum, Campania, Apulia, and ancient Latium. They distinguished themselves by their implacable hatred against the Romans, in the first ages of that empire, till they were at last totally extirpated, B.C. 272, after a war of 71 years. Their chief town was called Samnium, or Samnis. Livy, bk. 7, &c.—Florus, bk. 1, ch. 16, &c.; bk. 3, ch. 18.—Strabo, bk. 5.—Lucan, bk. 2.—Eutropius, bk. 2.
Samnium, a town and part of Italy inhabited by the Samnites. See: Samnites.
Samochonites, a small lake of Palestine.
Samonium, a promontory of Crete.
Samos, an island in the Ægean sea, on the coast of Asia Minor, from which it is divided by a narrow strait, with a capital of the same name, built B.C. 986. It is about 87 miles in circumference, and is famous for the birth of Pythagoras. It has been anciently called Parthenia, Anthemusa, Stephane, Melamphyllus, Anthemus, Cyparissia, and Dryusa. It was first in the possession of the Leleges, and afterwards of the Ionians. The people of Samos were at first governed by kings, and afterwards the form of their government became democratical and oligarchical. Samos was in its most flourishing situation under Polycrates, who had made himself absolute there. The Samians assisted the Greeks against the Persians, when Xerxes invaded Europe, and were reduced under the power of Athens, after a revolt, by Pericles, B.C. 441. They were afterwards subdued by Eumenes king of Pergamus, and were restored to their ancient liberty by Augustus. Under Vespasian, Samos became a Roman province. Juno was held in the greatest veneration there; her temple was uncommonly magnificent, and it was even said that the goddess had been born there under a willow tree, on the banks of the Imbrasus. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 7.—Pausanias, bk. 7, chs. 2 & 4.—Plutarch, Pericles.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 31.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 1, li. 20.—Thucydides.——The islands of Samothrace and Cephallenia were also known by the name of Samos.
Samosăta, a town of Syria, near the Euphrates, below mount Taurus, where Lucian was born.
Samothrāce, or Samothrācia, an island in the Ægean sea, opposite the mouth of the Hebrus, on the coast of Thrace, from which it is distant about 32 miles. It was known by the ancient names of Leucosia, Melitis, Electria, Leucania, and Dardani. It was afterwards called Samos, and distinguished from the Samos which lies on the coast of Ionia by the epithet of Thracian, or by the name of Samothrace. It is about 38 miles in circumference, according to Pliny, or only 20 according to modern travellers. The origin of the first inhabitants of Samothrace is unknown. Some, however, suppose that they were Thracians, and that the place was afterwards peopled by the colonies of the Pelasgians, Samians, and Phœnicians. Samothrace is famous for a deluge which inundated the country, and reached the very top of the highest mountains. This inundation, which happened before the age of the Argonauts, was owing to the sudden overflow of the waters of the Euxine, which the ancients considered merely as a lake. The Samothracians were very religious; and as all mysteries were supposed to have taken their origin there, the island received the name of sacred, and was a safe and inviolable asylum to all fugitives and criminals. The island was originally governed by kings, but afterwards the government became democratical. It enjoyed all its rights and immunities under the Romans till the reign of Vespasian, who reduced it, with the rest of the islands in the Ægean, into the form of a province. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.—Strabo, bk. 10.—Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 108, &c.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 208.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 7.—Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 4.—Florus, bk. 2, ch. 12.
Samus, a son of Ancæus and Samia, grandson of Neptune. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 4.
Sana, a town of mount Athos, near which Xerxes began to make a channel to convey the sea.
Sanaos, a town of Phrygia. Strabo.
Sanchoniăthon, a Phœnician historian, born at Berytus, or, according to others, at Tyre. He flourished a few years before the Trojan war, and wrote, in the language of his country, a history in nine books, in which he amply treated of the theology and antiquities of Phœnicia, and the neighbouring places. It was compiled from the various records found in the cities, and the annals which were usually kept in the temples of the gods among the ancients. This history was translated into Greek by Philo, a native of Byblus, who lived in the reign of the emperor Adrian. Some few fragments of this Greek translation are extant. Some, however, suppose them to be spurious, while others contend that they are true and authentic.
Sancus, Sangus, or Sanctus, a deity of the Sabines introduced among the gods of Rome under the name of Dius Fidius. According to some, Sancus was father to Sabus, or Sabinus, the first king of the Sabines. Silius Italicus, bk. 8, li. 421.—Varro, de Lingua Latina, bk. 4, ch. 10.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 6, li. 213.
Sandace, a sister of Xerxes.
Sandaliotis, a name given to Sardinia, from its resemblance to a sandal. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 7.
Sandalium, a small island of the Ægean, near Lesbos.—A port of Pisidia. Strabo.
Sandanis, a Lydian, who advised Crœsus not to make war against the Persians.
Sandānes, a river of Thrace near Pallene.
Sandrocottus, an Indian of a mean origin. His impertinence to Alexander was the beginning of his greatness; the conqueror ordered him to be seized, but Sandrocottus fled away, and at last dropped down overwhelmed with fatigue. As he slept on the ground, a lion came to him, and gently licked the sweat from his face. This uncommon tameness of the animal appeared supernatural to Sandrocottus, and raised his ambition. He aspired to the monarchy, and after the death of Alexander, he made himself master of a part of the country which was in the hands of Seleucus. Justin, bk. 15, ch. 4.
Sane, or Sana, a town of Macedonia. See: Sana.
Sangăla, a town of India destroyed by Alexander. Arrian, ♦Anabasis, bk. 5.
♦ Book name omitted in text.
Sangărius, or Sangăris, a river of Phrygia, rising in mount Dindymus, and falling into the Euxine. The daughter of the Sangarius became pregnant of Altes only from gathering the boughs of an almond tree on the banks of the river. Hecuba, according to some, was daughter of this river. Some of the poets call it Sagaris. Ovid, ex Ponto, bk. 4, poem 10.—Claudian, Against Eutropius, bk. 2.—Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 17.
Sanguinius, a man condemned for ill language, &c. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 6, ch. 7.
Sannyrion, a tragic poet of Athens. He composed many dramatical pieces, one of which was called Io, and another Danae. Athenæus, bk. 9.
Santŏnes and Santŏne, now Saintonge, a people with a town of the same name in Gaul. Lucan, bk. 1, li. 422.—Martial, bk. 3, ltr. 96.
Saon, an historian. Dionysius of Halicarnassus.——A man who first discovered the oracle of Trophonius. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 40.
Sapæi, or Saphæi, a people of Thrace, called also Sintii. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 1, li. 389.
Sapirene, an island of the Arabic gulf. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 29.
Sapis, now Savio, a river of Gaul Cispadana, falling into the Adriatic. Lucan, bk. 2, li. 406.
Sapor, a king of Persia, who succeeded his father Artaxerxes about the 238th year of the christian era. Naturally fierce and ambitious, Sapor wished to increase his paternal dominions by conquest; and as the indolence of the emperors of Rome seemed favourable to his views, he laid waste the provinces of Mesopotamia, Syria, and Cilicia; and he might have become master of all Asia, if Odenatus had not stopped his progress. If Gordian attempted to repel him, his efforts were weak, and Philip, who succeeded him on the imperial throne, bought the peace of Sapor with money. Valerian, who was afterwards invested with the purple, marched against the Persian monarch, but he was defeated and taken prisoner. Odenatus no sooner heard that the Roman emperor was a captive in the hands of Sapor, than he attempted to release him by force of arms. The forces of Persia were cut to pieces; the wives and the treasures of the monarch fell into the hands of the conqueror, and Odenatus penetrated, with little opposition, into the very heart of the kingdom. Sapor, soon after this defeat, was assassinated by his subjects, A.D. 273, after a reign of 32 years. He was succeeded by his son called Hormisdas. Marcellinus, &c.——The second of that name succeeded his father Hormisdas on the throne of Persia. He was as great as his ancestor of the same name; and by undertaking a war against the Romans, he attempted to enlarge his dominions, and to add the provinces on the west of the Euphrates to his empire. His victories alarmed the Roman emperors, and Julian would have perhaps seized him in the capital of his dominions, if he had not received a mortal wound. Jovian, who succeeded Julian, made peace with Sapor; but the monarch, always restless and indefatigable, renewed hostilities, invaded Armenia, and defeated the emperor Valens. Sapor died A.D. 380, after a reign of 70 years, in which he had often been the sport of fortune. He was succeeded by Artaxerxes, and Artaxerxes by Sapor III., a prince who died after a reign of five years, A.D. 389, in the age of Theodosius the Great. Marcellinus, &c.
Sappho, or Sapho, celebrated for her beauty, her poetical talents, and her amorous disposition, was born in the island of Lesbos, about 600 years before Christ. Her father’s name, according to Herodotus, was Scamandronymus, or, according to others, Symon, or Semus, or Etarchus, and her mother’s name was Cleis. Her tender passions were so violent, that some have represented her attachments to three of her female companions, Telesiphe, Atthis, and Megara, as criminal, and, on that account, have given her the surname of Tribas. She conceived such a passion for Phaon, a youth of Mitylene, that upon his refusal to gratify her desires, she threw herself into the sea from mount Leucas. She had composed nine books in lyric verses, besides epigrams, elegies, &c. Of all these compositions, nothing now remains but two fragments, whose uncommon sweetness and elegance show how meritoriously the praises of the ancients have been bestowed upon a poetess, who for the sublimity of her genius was called the 10th Muse. Her compositions were all extant in the age of Horace. The Lesbians were so sensible of the merit of Sappho, that, after her death, they paid her divine honours, and raised her temples and altars, and stamped their money with her image. The poetess has been censured for writing with that licentiousness and freedom which so much disgraced her character as a woman. The Sapphic verse has been called after her name. Ovid, Heroides, poem 15; Tristia, bk. 2, li. 365.—Horace, bk. 2, ode 13.—Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 135.—Statius, bk. 5, Sylvæ, poem 3, li. 155.—Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 12, chs. 18 & 29.—Pliny, bk. 22, ch. 8.
Saptine, a daughter of Darius the last king of Persia, offered in marriage to Alexander.
Saracene, part of Arabia Petræa, the country of the Saracens who embraced the religion of Mahomet.
Saracori, a people who go to war riding on asses. Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 12.
Sarangæ, a people near Caucasus. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 16.
Saranges, a river of India, falling into the Hydraotes, and thence into the Indus.
Sarapāni, a people of Colchis. Strabo.
Sarapus, a surname of Pittacus, one of the seven wise men of Greece.
Sarasa, a fortified place of Mesopotamia, on the Tigris. Strabo.
Saraspades, a son of Phraates king of Parthia, sent as a hostage to Augustus, &c. Strabo.
Saravus, now Soar, a river of Belgium, falling into the Moselle.
Sardanapālus, the 40th and last king of Assyria, celebrated for his luxury and voluptuousness. The greatest part of his time was spent in the company of his eunuchs, and the monarch generally appeared in the midst of his concubines disguised in the habit of a female, and spinning wool for his amusement. This effeminacy irritated his officers; Belesis and Arsaces conspired against him, and collected a numerous force to dethrone him. Sardanapalus quitted his voluptuousness for a while, and appeared at the head of his armies. The rebels were defeated in three successive battles, but at last Sardanapalus was beaten and besieged in the city of Ninus for two years. When he despaired of success, he burned himself in his palace, with his eunuchs, concubines, and all his treasures, and the empire of Assyria was divided among the conspirators. This famous event happened B.C. 820, according to Eusebius; though Justin and others, with less probability, place it 80 years earlier. Sardanapalus was made a god after death. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 150.—Diodorus, bk. 2.—Strabo, bk. 14.—Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 5, ch. 35.
♦ Placed in alphabetical order.
Sardi, the inhabitants of Sardinia. See: Sardinia.
Sardĭnia, the greatest island in the Mediterranean after Sicily, is situate between Italy and Africa, at the south of Corsica. It was originally called Sandaliotis, or Ichnusa, from its resembling the human foot (ἰχνος), and it received the name of Sardinia from Sardus, a son of Hercules, who settled there with a colony which he had brought with him from Libya. Other colonies, under Aristæus, Norax, and Iolas, also settled there. The Carthaginians were long masters of it, and were dispossessed by the Romans in the Punic wars, B.C. 231. Some call it, with Sicily, one of the granaries of Rome. The air was very unwholesome, though the soil was fertile, in corn, in wine, and oil. Neither wolves nor serpents are found in Sardinia, nor any poisonous herb, except one, which, when eaten, contracts the nerves, and is attended with a paroxysm of laughter, the forerunner of death; hence risus Sardonicus, Sardous. Cicero, Letters to his Friends, bk. 7, ch. 25.—Servius, on Virgil, bk. 7, eclogue 41.—Tacitus, Annals, bk. 2, ch. 85.—Mela, bk. 3, ch. 7.—Strabo, bks. 2 & 5.—Cicero, On Pompey’s Command; Letters to his brother Quintus, bk. 2, ltr. 3.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 7.—Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 17.—Varro, de Re Rustica.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 7, ch. 6.
Sardica, a town of Thrace, at the north of mount Hæmus.
Sardis, or Sardes, now Sart, a town of Asia Minor, the capital of the kingdom of Lydia, situate at the foot of mount Tmolus, on the banks of the Pactolus. It is celebrated for the many sieges it sustained against the Cimmerians, Persians, Medes, Macedonians, Ionians, and Athenians, and for the battle in which, B.C. 262, Antiochus Soter was defeated by Eumenes king of Pergamus. It was destroyed by an earthquake in the reign of Tiberius, who ordered it to be rebuilt. It fell into the hands of Cyrus, B.C. 548, and was burnt by the Athenians, B.C. 504, which became the cause of the invasion of Attica by Darius. Plutarch, Alexander.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 11, lis. 137, 152, &c.—Strabo, bk. 13.—Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 7, &c.
Sardones, the people of Roussilon in France, at the foot of the Pyrenees. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 4.
Sardus, a son of Hercules, who led a colony to Sardinia and gave it his name.
Sarephta, a town of Phœnicia between Tyre and Sidon, now Sarfand.
Sariaster, a son of Tigranes king of Armenia, who conspired against his father, &c. Valerius Maximus, bk. 9, ch. 11.
Sariphi, mountains at the east of the Caspian.
Sarmătæ, or Sauromătæ, the inhabitants of Sarmatia. See: Sarmatia.
Sarmătia, an extensive country at the north of Europe and Asia, divided into European and Asiatic. The European was bounded by the ocean on the north, Germany and the Vistula on the west, the Jazygæ on the south, and the Tanais on the east. The Asiatic was bounded by Hyrcania, the Tanais, and the Euxine sea. The former contains the modern kingdoms of Russia, Poland, Lithuania, and Little Tartary; and the latter, Great Tartary, Circassia, and the neighbouring country. The Sarmatians were a savage uncivilized nation, often confounded with the Scythians, naturally warlike, and famous for painting their bodies to appear more terrible in the field of battle. They were well known for their lewdness, and they passed among the Greeks and Latins by the name of barbarians. In the time of the emperors they became very powerful, and disturbed the peace of Rome by their frequent incursions; till at last, increased by the savage hordes of Scythia, under the barbarous names of Huns, Vandals, Goths, Alans, &c., they successfully invaded and ruined the empire in the third and fourth centuries of the christian era. They generally lived on the mountains without any habitation, except their chariots, whence they have been called Hamaxobii. They lived upon plunder, and fed upon milk mixed with the blood of horses. Strabo, bk. 7, &c.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 4.—Diodorus, bk. 2.—Florus, bk. 4, ch. 12.—Lucan, bk. 1, &c. Juvenal, satire 2.—Ovid, Tristia, bk. 3, &c.
Sarmatĭcum mare, a name given to the Euxine sea, because on the coast of Sarmatia. Ovid, bk. 4, ex Ponto, poem 10, li. 38.
Sarmentus, a scurrilous person, mentioned by Horace, bk. 1, satire 5, li. 56.
Sarnius, a river of Asia, near Hyrcania.
Sarnus, a river of Picenum, dividing it from Campania, and falling into the Tuscan sea. Statius, bk. 1, Sylvæ, poem 2, li. 265.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 738.—Strabo, bk. 5.
Saron, a king of Trœzene, unusually fond of hunting. He was drowned in the sea, where he had swum for some miles in pursuit of a stag. He was made a sea god by Neptune, and divine honours were paid to him by the Trœzenians. It was customary for sailors to offer him sacrifices before they embarked. That part of the sea where he was drowned was called Saronicus sinus, on the coast of Achaia, near the isthmus of Corinth. Saron built a temple to Diana at Trœzene, and instituted festivals to her honour, called from himself Saronia, Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 30.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 3.—Strabo, bk. 8.
Saronĭcus sinus, now the gulf of Engia, a bay of the Ægean sea, lying at the south of Attica, and on the north of the Peloponnesus. The entrance into it is between the promontory of Sunium and that of Scyllæum. Some suppose that this part of the sea received its name from Saron, who was drowned there, or from a small river which discharged itself on the coast, or from a small harbour of the same name. The Saronic bay is about 62 miles in circumference, 23 miles in its broadest, and 25 in its longest part, according to modern calculation.
Sarpēdon, a son of Jupiter by Europa the daughter of Agenor. He banished himself from Crete, after he had in vain attempted to make himself king in preference to his elder brother Minos, and he retired to Caria, where he built the town of Miletus. He went to the Trojan war to assist Priam against the Greeks, where he was attended by his friend and companion Glaucus. He was at last killed by Patroclus, after he had made a great slaughter of the enemy, and his body, by order of Jupiter, was conveyed to Lycia by Apollo, where his friends and relations paid him funeral honours, and raised a monument to perpetuate his valour. According to some mythologists, the brother of king Minos, and the prince who assisted Priam, were two different persons. This last was king of Lycia, and son of Jupiter by Laodamia the daughter of Bellerophon, and lived about 100 years after the age of the son of Europa. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 1.—Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 173.—Strabo, bk. 12.—Homer, Iliad, bk. 16.——A son of Neptune, killed by Hercules for his barbarous treatment of strangers.——A learned preceptor of Cato of Utica. Plutarch, Cato.——A town of Cilicia, famous for a temple sacred to Apollo and Diana.——Also a promontory of the same name in Cilicia, beyond which Antiochus was not permitted to sail by a treaty of peace which he had made with the Romans. Livy, bk. 38, ch. 38.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 13.——A promontory of Thrace.——A Syrian general who flourished B.C. 143.
Sarra, a town of Phœnicia, the same as Tyre. It receives its name from a small shell-fish of the same name which was found in the neighbourhood, and with whose blood garments were dyed. Hence came the epithet of sarranus, so often applied to Tyrian colours, as well as to the inhabitants of the colonies of the Tyrians, particularly Carthage. Silius Italicus, bk. 6, li. 662; bk. 13, li. 205.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 2, li. 506.—Festus, Lexicon of Festus.
Sarrastes, a people of Campania on the Sarnus, who assisted Turnus against Æneas. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 738.
Sarron, a king of the Celtæ, so famous for his learning, that from him philosophers were called Sarronidæ. Diodorus, bk. 6, ch. 9.