Masoudi, El, Arabian historian, 116;
on the Sabæan temples, 148;
on ancient stone-worship in Arabia, 194;
on Zindj tribes of East Africa, 232

Masoupa in the Ba-Ngwatetse country, 11;
native dancing and music, ib.;
heathenism, 12

Masouvo river, and Mazoe valley, 295

Massapa mines and the Queen of Sheba’s gold, 295;
ancient Portuguese market in Mazoe valley, ib.

Massi-Kessi, early Portuguese influence at, 298;
journey to, 366;
its Portuguese reminiscences, 367;
golden bullets, 368;
Chartered Company at, ib.;
engagement between Portuguese and English, 369;
treaty concerning, ib.;
Portuguese hospitality, 370

Masunsgwe, Mount, visit to, 337

Matabeleland, King of, 6;
native raids on Shoshong, 22;
raid upon Cherumbila’s tribe, 90;
raids on Chekatu, 254;
raids in Mazoe valley, 288

Matimbi, village of, 277;
description of chief; ib.

Matindela, ruins at, 100, 136, 262;
baobab trees, 135;
temple and walls, 137, 156;
meaning of the word, guinea-fowl, 263;
curious fruit, ib.;
gigantic trees, 264;
honey-birds, 265;
destruction around, ib.;
profusion of game, ib.;
hunting parties in locality, ib.;
game laws of the Makalangas, 266

Matzaire, chief of Chekatu village, 254

Mauch, Karl, German traveller in Mashonaland, 117, 244

Maund, Mr. E. A., on the ruins at Tati and on the Impakwe, 99;
on ancient gold-mining in Mashonaland, 290

Maunga tribe, 354

Mazoe valley, ruins in, 99, 135;
ruins of fort in gold-fields, 100;
author’s trip to, 284;
native kraals, 286;
Mr. Selous’ hunting expedition, ib.;
huts and their inhabitants, 287;
hand-made pottery of natives, ib.;
native beer, ib.;
huts of Mr. Fleming, gold prospector, 288;
ancient gold-mines, ib.;
mountain caves, ib.;
Matabele raids, ib.;
native engineering skill, 288;
enormous output of gold in ancient times, 289;
modern invasion, ib.;
Rothschild’s, Cherry’s, and Lockner’s settlements, 291;
lemon-trees in, ib.;
Mr. Nesbit’s hospitality, ib.;
visit to Yellow Jacket mine, ib.;
kindness of prospectors, ib.;
meat of the eland, ib.;
lion-shooting, 292;
curious birds, ib.;
description of ruin, ib.;
valuable agricultural country, 294;
Chipadzi’s village, ib.;
Mapandera’s kraal, ib.;
Portuguese in, 295;
ancient Portuguese markets in, ib.;
Major Forbes’s punishment of Kaffirs, 299;
modern agricultural farms, 300

Mecca, Kaaba stone at, 195

Mediterranean, prehistoric excavations on the, 209

Meshed, Mohammedan burial at, 121

Mesopotamia, temple at Hierapolis, 117;
Sabæan temples, 148

Metemo fort, ruins of, 100, 135, 261 [422]

Metzwandira, author’s Makalanga body-servant, 248

Midianites, sacred tower of the, 116

Mineni river, accident on, 371

Mines, Royal School of, cast of ingot of tin found in Falmouth Harbour, 216

M’lala, village of, 44;
stomach decoration among women, 46;
costumes of natives, 49;
witch doctor, ib.

Mocaranga tribe, land of, 32;
Dos Santos’ account, 237;
Bocarro’s description of race, 339

Moffat, Dr., at Shoshong, 23

Moffat, Mr., political agent in Matabeleland, 99

Molopolole river, 15

Mondoro, or lion priest, in ’Mtokoland, 326;
interviews with, 327

Monomatapa, empire of, 32;
civilisation, 215;
Portuguese travellers on wealth of emperor, 234;
confusion of name, ib.;
Father dos Santos’ description of the people, 236;
Leo Africanus’ account of ruins, 240;
Da Costa’s letter to the King of Portugal concerning ruins, 242;
stronghold for chief’s wives at Chiburga, 267;
Portuguese account of Monomatapa, 331, 332;
their treaty with chief, 352

Monteiro, Portuguese traveller, on the Zambesi tribes, 237;
on lion worship, 331

Montfaucon, M., on tower worship, 116

Montsoia, native chief, 7

M’shagashi river, 53

’Mswezwe, shafts in river district, 289;
Mr. E. A. Maund on ancient gold-mining at, 290

’Mtasa, lord of the Nica tribe, 356;
mountains in country of, ib.;
British in possession of kraal, 357;
conflicting interests of England and Portugal in land of, 357, 359;
Bushman drawings in village, 359

’Mtigeza, chiefs around Mount Wedza, 273;
their fortress, ib.;
interior of huts, 276

’Mtoko country, presents for chief, 284;
author’s embassy to, 301;
births and marriages, 316;
marauding transactions, 317;
native customs, ib.;
language, 318;
cattle, ib.;
chief’s kraal, 319;
description of women, ib.;
Zambesi influence, 321;
chief’s indignation with author, ib.;
a state visit, 323;
nervousness of chief, 324;
description of presents, ib.;
chief’s opinion of the white lady, 325;
hospitality of the natives, ib.;
politics and religion, 326;
the Mondoro, or lion priest, 327;
bucolic prosperity, ib.;
imminence of civil war, 328;
early struggles with the Portuguese, 331;
Bushman drawings, 333

Muali, the god of the Makalangas, 57, 341

Muchienda, village of, 258;
native game-hunting, ib.

Musungaikwa country, tattooed women in, 305

Mwairari river, crossing the, 268

Mycene, Dr. Schliemann’s discoveries at, 185;

Naka pass, 43

Nakab al Hajar, Arabia, ruins of castle at, 105;
temple, 177 [423]

Nankin china in Mazoe Valley, 296

Natal, Bakalanga tribes in, 33

Naucratis, lebes from temple at, in British Museum, 200

Necho, Pharaoh, B.C. 600, 225

Nejed, Lower, monoliths in, 119

Nesbit, Mr., mining commissioner, in Mazoe valley, 291

Neves Fereira, English immigrants boycotted by Portuguese governor of, 379

Nhaya, Pedro de, Portuguese commander, 231;
his capture of Sofala, ib.

Nica tribe, lord of the, 356

’Nyagowe river, gold in quill found in, 309

Nyanger, camping at, 343;
curious grotto, 344;
Bushman drawings on rocks, ib.;
graves in cave, ib.;
cemeteries in the open, 345;
ruins of temple, 346

Nyangombwe mountains, 375

’Nyatzetse river, crossing the, 261;
agriculture near, ib.

Odzani river, dangerous crossing of, 360

Odzi river, the boundary between Mashonaland and Manicaland, 356

Ophir, land of, theory concerning, 228

Palapwe, migration of natives to, 21;
Ba-mangwato tribe at, 23;
description of country, 24;
mission-house, ib.;
cascade, ib.;
babooks, ib.;
native services, ib.;
church building, ib.;
discipline of chief, 26;
native women, 27;
departure of expedition, 29

Palgrave, Arabian traveller, 118

Paphos, Cyprus, excavations at, 204

Payva, Alfonso de, Portuguese explorer, 230

Pegado, Captain Vicento, Portuguese governor of Sofala, 239

Pelasgi, mythical race of, 222

Penuel, the sacred tower of the Midianites, 116

‘Periplus of the Red Sea,’ anonymous author of, 224;
his geographical speculations, 225

Perrot and Chipiez, MM., on art history in Sardinia, 117, 118;
their work on ‘Phœnicia,’ 186;
on the Phœnician column in the Louvre, 189

Persia, Mohammedan burial in, 121

Philips, Mr. G., on the Zimbabwe and Tati ruins, 96

Phœnicia, temple construction in, 116;
coin found in Cyprus, 186;
symbols, 188;
Biblical allusions to wealth of Arabia and, 227;
intimacy with Sabæa, ib.;
ancient enterprise, 229

Pigafetta’s description of Mashonaland ruins, 240

Pilan, chief of Masoupa, 6, 12

Pliny, vagueness of information as to source of ancient Merchandise, 224

Portuguese in Mashonaland, 33;
expeditions in Africa, 230;
failure of expeditions through Arab jealousy, 235

Providential Pass, 50, 75;
Cherumbila’s tribe at, 90;
Matabele raid upon, ib.

Ptolemy, vagueness of information as to source of ancient merchandise, 224;
mention of Agizymba nation, 239;
on [424]Roman penetration through Africa, ib.

Pungwe river, early Portuguese influence on the, 298;
at Sarmento, 378;
its imposing appearance, 379;
infested with crocodile and hippopotami, 379, 385;
fauna of adjacent country, 380;
dangerous sandbanks, 384

Punt, kingdom of, its doubtful whereabouts, 221;
wealth of the people, ib.;
ingots of gold sent to Queen Hatasou, ib.;
conquered by Egyptians, 226;
theory concerning the land of Punt, 228

Quiloa, Sir John Kirk at, 205;
Arab settlement at, 241

Ramatlabama river, 7

Red Sea, Egyptian commerce on the, 226;
Arabian and Phœnician enterprise in region of, 228

Renaudot, M., on Arab experience of savage tribes in East Africa, 233

Revwe river and valley, 367

Rhapta, Arab settlement at, 224;
Dean Vincent on the situation of, ib.

Rome, its importation of gold from Arabia, 227

Rothschild’s settlement in Mazoe valley, 291

Rusapi river, Chipunza’s kraal on the, 348

Sabæa, its intimacy with Phœnicia, 227;
wealth of; ib.;
Arabian and Æthiopian cities named alike, 230

Sabi river, 32;
ruins of forts, 100;
situation of ruins, 103;
author’s expedition to region of, 247;
valley scenery, 259;
view of mountains, 261;
ruined villages and deserted fields near, 263;
Zulu raids on Makalanga villages, ib.;
its magnificence, 268;
bathing and washing in, 269

Salisbury fort, daub huts of, 279;
fever and famine, 280;
growth of townships around, ib.;
newspaper established, ib.;
civil and military administration, ib.;
hospital huts, ib.;
Benedictine sisters and Jesuit father, ib.;
anniversary dinner of pioneers at hotel, 281;
the question of supplies, ib.;
Chartered Company’s difficulty in catering, 282;
influx of adventurers, ib.;
danger of famine, 283;
Mr. Selous in search of food waggons, ib.;
arrival of provisions, ib.;
climate of, ib.;
author’s departure for Mazoe valley, 284;
his return therefrom, 294;
farewell to friends, 303;
trading with Kunziland natives, 309

Salt, Mr., in Abyssinia, 229

Salvador, San, iron bells discovered at, 212

Sangwe river, Mapandera’s kraal on, 294

Santos, Father dos, Portuguese traveller, 32;
on Kaffir instruments, 212;
his description of the Monomatapa tribe, 236;
allusion to lemon-trees in Mazoe valley, 291;
on sacrifice among the Mocarangas, 341;
on feasting in Mangwendi’s country, 341;
burial of chiefs, 346;
on early Portuguese travellers, 352 [425]

Sardinia, round towers in, 116;
MM. Perrot and Chipiez on history of art in, 117

Sargon, annals of, 227

Sarmento, deserted coaches at, 378;
climate of, 380

Schliemann, Dr., discoveries of, at Mycene, 185

Science, British Association for the Advancement of, expedition assisted by, 4

Sechele, native chief, 6, 14;
capital and residence, 15

Sechuana language, 8;
superstition, 10;
dancing, 11;
marriage laws, 12;
religion, 25

Sekatu, village of, 255;
growth of cucumbers at, ib.

Selous, Mr., at Providential Pass, 50;
in search of provisions for Fort Salisbury, 283;
hunting expedition in Mazoe valley, 286;
in chief ’Mtoko’s kraal, 321;
at Kalimazondo’s kraal, 335

Selynia, pond of, 20

Semitic nations, monopolising policy of, 223

Shamsi, Queen of Arabia, 227

Shangan tribes, 32;
raids on Sabi river region, 263

Shashi river, 30;
ruins in vicinity, 95

Sheba, Queen of, and the Massapa gold-mines, 295

Shoshong, journey to, 17;
arrival at, 20;
hills of, ib.;
missionaries at, 21;
traders at, ib.;
exodus of natives from, ib.;
water famine, ib.;
tribal raids on, 22;
ruins of, ib.;
Dr. Livingstone and Dr. Moffat at, 23

Sibibabira, village of, 251

Sikkome, father of Khama, 26

Silveira, Father, Portuguese Jesuit, martyrdom of, 235, 296

Sindito, chief of Sekatu village, 255;
hospitality of, ib.

Siorma in occupation of Zendj tribes, 233

Sirwah, elliptic temple at, 177

Smet, village of, 272

Sofala, Arabian writers on gold of, 230;
Portuguese in possession, 231;
Duarte Barbosa on the gold trade, ib.;
ancient historian’s account of, ib.;
tribes of cannibals near, 232;
golden mountains near, 234;
manufacture of brass ornaments, ib.;
Portuguese governor at, 239

Solomon, King, expedition of, 226

Soudan, carving from the, 186

Stonehenge, mythical builders of, 222

Swan, Mr. Robert McNair Wilson, cartographer to expedition, 5;
on the orientation and measurements of Zimbabwe ruins, 141;
on the geography and meteorology of Mashonaland, 389;
his astronomical observations, with altitudes of stations, 398

Syria, Phœnician temple of the sun at Emesa, 204

Taif, Arabia, stone-worship at, 195

Tatagora valley, scenery in, 285;
the machabel tree, ib.;
junction of river with Mazoe, 290

Tati, ruins of, 95;
description thereof by Mr. G. Philips and Mr. E. A. Maund, 96

Taungs, native settlement at, 6

Thebes, Bœotia, relics from, 205 [426]

Tiglath Pileser II., Assyrian inscriptions concerning, 227

Todd, Dr., of the ‘Magicienne,’ succours English immigrants in Mapanda’s country, 379

Tokwe river, 50

Toroa, Leo Africanus on ruins of, 240

Torrend, Father, on Mashonaland, 33

Transvaal, ruins of stone huts in the Marico district, 139

Truro Museum, ingot of tin from Falmouth Harbour, 216

Tuli fort, 30

Tyre, Ezekiel’s denunciation of, 227;
Zechariah on wealth of, 228

Umfanipatza, village of, 251

Umgabe, chief of Zimbabwe, 65;
his personal appearance, 66;
his brother Ikomo, 73;
visit to Umgabe’s kraal, 86;
his intoxicated condition, ib.;
uncomfortable quarters, ib.;
situation of kraal, 87;
his well-filled granaries, 88;
domestic commodities, ib.

Umliwan district, fertility of, 371

Umtali, trip to, 284;
ancient gold-mining at, 290;
B.S.A. camp at, 360;
arrival of author, 361;
importance of, 363;
Portuguese remains near fort, 364;
journey to Beira, 365

Umzilikatze, Zulu warrior, 237

Varoma, Mount, at Zimbabwe, 160

Victoria fort, fever at, 50;
dearness of provisions, ib.;
horse sickness, 51;
sour grass, 52;
discovery of gold near, ib.;
bridge-building in vicinity, 53;
Sir John Willoughby at, 74;
departure for Sabi river, 251;
prospecting for gold, 289

Vincent, Dean, on the situation of Rhapta, 224

Vryberg, arrival and departure of expedition, 5;
native settlement at, 6

Wadi Allaga gold-mines, 218

Wedza, Mount, highest point in Mashonaland, 272;
iron-smelting at, ib.;
chiefs in vicinity, 273

Willoughby, Sir John, at Fort Victoria, 74;
visits the expedition at Zimbabwe, ib.;
interviews the chief’s brother, Ikomo, and threatens him, ib.

‘Wissenschaft, Akademie der,’ by Herr Kremer, 186, 195

Yandoro, a village in Kunzi’s country, 312

Yellow Jacket mine, visit to, 298

Yemen, temples and fortresses in, 176

Yenya mountains, 356

Zambesi river, Zimbabwes in region of, 237;
early Portuguese influence on the, 298

Zamopera, village of, 270;
its inhabitants, ib.

Zechariah on the wealth of Tyre, 228

Zendj tribes, 233;
iron trade with Indians, 234

Zeyd, Abou, on the wild Zindj tribes of East Africa, 233 [427]

Zimbabwe, tribes around, 32;
sickness among oxen, 51;
adjacent forests, 54;
description of the country, 55;
fever in camp, ib.;
character of natives, 55;
arrival of expedition, 59;
camp life, 60;
flora of, ib.;
alarming fire, 63;
visitors in camp, 64;
ruins, 64, 99, 103;
daily work, 64;
evening concerts, 65;
visit of Umgabe, district chief, ib.;
native wages, 69;
difficulties with workmen, ib.;
provisions and marketing, 70;
native ingenuity, 71;
ornaments and snuff-boxes, 72;
the chief’s brother in camp, 73;
trouble with natives, ib.;
kraal of Ikomo, 75;
Amazonian dance, ib.;
graves among the ruins, 79;
musical instruments, 80, 81;
excursions from, 82;
beer-making, 83;
locust-eating, 84;
migratory spirit of the natives, scenery around, 85;
Mr. G. Philips’s description of the ruins, 96;
prominent features of the Great Zimbabwe ruins, 104;
excavation work, ib.;
religious purport of ruined towers, 115;
sacrifice, 117;
Kaffir cemetery, 121;
description of hill fortress, 122;
labyrinthine nature of buildings, 128;
gold-smelting furnaces and caves, 131;
ruins of Little Zimbabwe, 135;
orientation and measurements of ruins by Mr. R. M. W. Swan, 141;
nature worship, ib.;
astronomical observations, 147, 170, 173;
architectural features, 148;
coin of Byblos, 150;
soapstone monoliths, 167;
ancient builders, 176;
discoveries during excavation, 179;
traces of recent Kaffir habitation, ib.;
soapstone carvings, ib.;
religious symbolism of birds, 186;
circumcision practised by the ancients, 188;
ancient veneration for stones, 191;
geological fragments, 193, 194;
old-world worship, 194;
artistic skill of the ancients, 196;
fragments of soapstone bowls, 197;
Phœnician work, ib.;
proto-Arabian lettering on bowls, 200;
world-wide commerce of the ancients, 204;
Celadon pottery from China, ib.;
Persian and Arabian wares, ib.;
Monomatapa rule, 205;
ceramic art, 207;
bronze and iron weapons and implements, 209;
ruins scoured by Kaffirs for centuries, 210;
excavation of iron weapons and implements, 211;
discovery of iron bells, ib.;
gold-smelting furnace, 215;
Arabian origin of gold-diggers, 220;
discovery of gold-smelting crucibles, 221;
derivation of name, 234;
modern exploration of ruins by a German traveller, 244;
thirst for gold among the ancients, 279

Zindj tribes in Africa, 231;
Abou Zeyd’s description of, 233

Zulu raids in Mashonaland, 43;
successes under Umzilikatze, 237

Zygabenus on Ishmaelite stone-worship, 195