Animal Intelligence | Project Gutenberg

INDEX

Abstraction, 120.
See also Reasoning.
Action-system, importance of the study of the, 15 f.;
of monkeys, 190 f., 237.
Anecdotal school in animal psychology, 23 ff., 151 f.
Apparatus, descriptions of, 29 ff., 56 ff., 61 f., 169 f., 177 ff., 196 ff.
Assimilation, 249 f.
Association, as a problem in animal psychology, 20 ff.;
by similarity, 116 ff.;
complexity of, 132 ff.;
conditions of, 43 ff.;
delicacy of, 128 ff., 195 ff.;
development of, in the animal kingdom, 285 ff.;
in cats, 38 ff.;
in chicks, 63 f.;
in dogs, 56 ff.;
in fishes, 169 ff.;
in man, 123 ff., 127, 285;
in monkeys, 182 ff., 194 f., 209 ff.;
in relation to attention, 44 ff.;
to individual differences, 52 ff.;
to inhibition, 142 ff.;
to instincts, 36 f., 142 ff.;
to previous experience, 48 ff.;
number of connections formed by, 135 ff.;
permanence of connections formed by, 138 ff., 194 f., 203 f.;
progress of, measurable by time-curves, 28, 40, 42;
the mental fact in, 98 ff.;
without ideas, 101 f., 127, 209 ff.
See also Associations and Learning.
Associations, complexity, 132 ff.;
delicacy, 128 ff., 195 ff.;
number, 121, 135 ff.;
permanence, 138 ff., 194 f., 203 f.
Associative memory. See Association.
Attention, 144 ff.;
and association, 44 ff.;
to imposed movements, 103 ff.
Behavior, acquired tendencies to, 244 ff. (see also Association);
evolution of, 272 ff.;
general laws of, 241 ff.;
indefiniteness of the term, 5;
of cats, 35 ff., 88 f., and passim;
of chicks, 63 f., 138, 143 f., 156 ff., and passim;
of dogs, 59 ff., 92 ff.;
of fishes, 169 ff.;
of monkeys, 182 ff.;
original tendencies to, 242 f. (see also Instincts);
predictability of, 241 f.;
proposed simplification of the laws of, 265 ff.;
versus consciousness as an object of study, 1 ff.
See also Association, Instincts, Learning, Memory, etc.
Bosworth, F. D., 240.
Cats, associative processes in, 35 ff.;
imitation in, 85 ff.;
the presence of ideas in, 100 ff.;
reasoning in, 67 ff.
Chicks, associative processes in, 61 ff.;
imitation in, 81 ff.;
instincts of, 156 ff.
Complexity, of associations, 132 ff.
Concepts, 116 ff.
Connection-systems, action of, in association, 246 ff., 266;
importance of the study of, 16 f.
Consciousness, amenability of, to scientific study, 7 ff.;
as pure experience, 13 f.;
as studied by the one who has or is it, 10 ff.;
of animals, 25 f., 67 ff., 98 ff., 123, 146 f., and passim;
social, 146 f.;
space-relations of, 14;
versus behavior as an object of study, 1 ff.
Coördinations, of chicks, 160 ff.
Dean, B., 161.
Delicacy of association, 128 ff., 195 ff.
Dewey, J., 6.
Differences, between species of animals in the associative processes, 64 ff.
Discomfort, as an influence in learning, 245 ff.
Discrimination, in cats and dogs, 128 ff.;
in chicks, 156 ff.;
in monkeys, 195 ff.
Dogs, associative processes in, 56 ff.;
imitation in, 91 ff.;
the presence of ideas in, 115 f.;
reasoning in, 67 ff.
Education, applications of animal psychology in, 149 f.
Effect, the law of, 244 f., 266 ff.
Emotional reactions of chicks, 162 ff.
Evolution, of behavior, 272 ff.;
of human intellect, 282 ff.;
of ideas, 289 ff.
Exercise, the law of, 244 f.
Experience, the influence of previous, 48 ff.
Experiments, need of, in animal psychology, 26;
with cats, 35 ff., 85 ff., 103 ff., 111 f., 114 f., 129 ff., 138 f.;
with chicks, 61 ff., 81 ff., 132, 136, 143 f., 156 ff.;
with dogs, 56 ff., 91 ff., 103 ff., 115 f.;
with fishes, 169 ff.;
with monkeys, 176-235, passim.
Fears, of chicks, 162 ff.
Fishes, experiments with, 169 ff.
Galton, F., 3.
Habit. See Association.
Hall, G. S., 3.
Human. See Man.
Hunger, effect of, on animal learning, 27 f.
Hunt, H. E., 163.
Ideas, development of, 121 f., 289 ff.;
existence of, as adjuncts in animal learning, 108 ff., 189 ff., 206 ff., 222 ff.;
impotence of, to create connections, 257 ff.
Ideo-motor action, 257 ff.
Images, 108 f. See also Ideas.
Imitation, analysis of the supposed effects of, 251 ff.;
in cats, 85 ff.;
in chicks, 81 ff.;
in dogs, 91 ff.;
in general, 76 ff., 94 ff.;
in monkeys, 96, 211 ff., 219 ff.;
in speech, 253 ff.
Impulses, as features of the associative processes, 100 ff.;
defined, 37.
Incubation, the instinct of, 276 ff.
Individual differences in association, 52 ff.
Inhibition of instincts by association, 142 ff.
Instincts, as explanations of some cases of supposed imitation, 251;
inhibition of, 142 ff.;
of chicks, 156 ff.;
of incubation, 276 ff.;
of monkeys, 237;
the starting-point of animal learning, 36 f.
Intellect. See Association, Ideas, Imitation, Memory, Reasoning, etc.
Interaction, 147 f.
Introspection, the over-emphasis of, 3.
James, W., 3, 120, 143, 286.
Jennings, H. S., 267, 268, 269, 270, 274, 279.
Kline, L. W., 173.
Language, 253 ff.
Learning, evolution of, 278 ff.;
methods of, 174 f.
See Association, Behavior, Ideas, Imitation, Reasoning.
Lubbock, J., 240.
Man, compared with lower animals in intellect, 123 ff., 239 f.;
mental evolution of, 282 ff.
Memory, 108 f., 138 ff., 203.
See Association and Permanence of associations.
Methods in animal psychology, 22 ff.
Mills, W., 191.
Monkeys, 172 ff.;
associative processes in, 182 ff.;
differences from lower mammals, 189 ff., 204 ff., 237 ff.;
general mental development of, 236 ff.;
imitation of man by, 211 ff.;
imitation of other monkeys by, 219 ff.;
possible mental degeneracy of, 151;
presence of ideas in, 189 ff., 206 ff., 222 ff.;
reasoning in, 184 ff.
Morgan, C. L., 3, 80, 99 f., 101, 119, 120, 125 f., 146, 147, 162, 165 f.
Motives, used in the experiments, 26 ff.;
defined, 38.
Number of associations, 135 ff.;
as a cause of the development of free ideas, 121 f.
Peckham, G. W. and E. G., 240.
Pecking, accuracy of, in chicks, 159 f.
Pedagogy, applications of animal psychology to, 149 f.
Permanence of associations, 138 ff., 203.
Predictability of behavior, 241 f.
Primates. See Monkeys.
Reasoning, 118 f.;
and free ideas, 291 ff.;
as a consequence of the laws of exercise and effect, 263 ff.;
in cats and dogs, 67 ff.;
in monkeys, 184 ff.
Recepts, 120.
Resolution, Jennings’ law of, 267 ff.
Responses to situations as the general form of behavior, 242 ff., 283 f.
Romanes, G. J., 68 f., 70, 80.
Santayana, G., 6, 18 f.
Satisfaction, the influence of, in learning, 147 f., 244 f.;
the nature of, 245 f.
Situation and response as the general form of behavior, 242 ff., 283 ff.
Small, W. S., 173.
Smith, S., 269 f., 280.
Social consciousness of animals, 146 f.
Spalding, D. A., 162, 163, 165.
Stout, G. F., 3.
Swimming, by chicks, 161 f.
Time of achievement as a measure of the closeness of association, 28, 40, 42, 54.
Time-curves, 38 ff., 57 ff., 65, 185 f.;
as evidence against the existence of reasoning, 73 f.
Titchener, E. B., 2.
Vigor, as a factor in learning, 46.
Whitman, C. O., 275 ff.
Yerkes, R. M., 240.