A
- Abd-al-Medjid, Sultan, ii.
39.
- Abdul-Hamid, ii.
76.
- Abou-Abba (or Sippara), i.
200.
- Abou-Sharein, i.
157,
190,
262; ii.
34.
- Abraham, i.
15,
199.
- Abydenus, i.
51;
- spoken of by Eusebius,
57.
- Abydos, on the Hellespont, ii.
220.
- Accad, i.
14,
21,
59.
- Acheron, i.
354.
- Adar (Saturn?), i.
73.
- Adrammelech, i.
103.
- Agbatana, see Ecbatana.
- Ahmes II., ii.
339.
- Ahura-Mazda, i.
88.
- Alabaster, found near Mossoul, i.
120;
- its distribution,
121;
- its constitution,
121;
- its characteristics as a material for the sculptor, ii.
110.
- Alabastron, ii.
301.
- Alexander the Great, i.
54; ii.
382.
- Alexander Polyhistor, i.
51.
- Allat, i.
83,
345.
- Alphabet, invention of, i.
22.
- Altaï, i.
21.
- Altars, their characteristic forms, i.
236;
- with battlements,
255;
- circular,
256;
- sarcophagus-shaped,
256.
- Amanus, ii.
340.
- Amber, its absence from Mesopotamian remains, ii.
362.
- Amen, i.
78,
79.
- Ament, the Assyrian, i.
345.
- Amiaud, M., i.
361.
- Amoor, i.
19.
- Amphora, ii.
300.
- Amraphel, i.
36.
- Amulets, ii.
251.
- Anabasis quoted, i.
361.
- Anaïtis, see Oannes.
- Animals, grotesque and fantastic, in Assyrian Art, ii.
167–173;
- on the seals, ii.
279.
- Anthemius, i.
172.
- Antioch, ii.
286.
- Antiochus-Epiphanes, i.
33.
- Aphrodite, ii.
398.
- Apollonius of Tyana, i.
299.
- Apsou (or Apason), i.
83.
- Arade, ii.
265.
- Aramaic, or Aramæan, came into common use with the second Chaldæan Empire, i.
18.
- Aram-Naharaim, i.
3.
- Arbeles, Arvil (or Ervil), i.
6; ii.
48.
- Arch, frequent use of, i.
132,
221;
- invented in Chaldæa,
222;
- at Mugheir,
222;
- in the hanging gardens at Babylon,
223;
- in Sargon’s gateways,
224;
- in the sewers of the palaces,
227.
- Archivolt, enamelled, at Khorsabad, i.
290.
- Arioch, i.
36.
- Aristophanes, ii.
397.
- Aristotle, i.
71;
- his Politics quoted in reference to the size of Babylon, ii.
56.
- Arithmetic, Chaldæan, i.
68;
- origin of the sexagesimal system,
68.
- Armenia, annexed by Assyria, i.
7.
- Arms, ii.
343.
- Arrian, his Indian history, i.
57.
- Artaxerxes Mnemon, i.
90.
- Artists, their social position in Mesopotamia, ii.
394.
- Aryans, said to compose part of the early Chaldæan population, i.
18.
- Aryballos, ii.
306.
- Asia Minor, ii.
172.
- Ass, the wild, in Assyrian sculpture, ii.
150.
- Asshur, the builder of Nineveh, i.
14.
- Assur, i.
83;
- the Assyrian god par excellence,
84;
- fell with Nineveh,
88.
- Assurbanipal, i.
36,
44;
- receives the homage of Gyges, king of Lydia,
44;
- his cruelty,
47;
- patron of literature and the arts,
47;
- his library,
47;
- numerous remains of sculpture dating from his reign, ii.
236.
- Assurbilkala, ii.
101,
203,
289.
- Assuredilani, i.
51.
- Assurnazirpal, i.
42;
- his statue in the round, ii.
126.
- Assyria, its true boundaries, i.
7;
- its successive capitals,
7;
- its size,
7;
- consolidation of its supremacy,
41;
- first A. empire,
41;
- second A. empire,
41;
- expeditions into Armenia, Cappadocia, and Syria,
41;
- strictly a military monarchy,
96;
- its régime,
103;
- Assyrian monarchy, solidity of the succession,
103;
- characteristics of the Assyrian race,
105;
- cruelty of the Assyrian kings,
105–7;
- luxury of do.,
105–7;
- constitution of the Assyrian nation,
111;
- comparative insignificance of civilian element,
112.
- Assyro-Chaldæan language, the, i.
53.
- Astarte, i.
345.
- Astragali, i.
206.
- Astrology, i.
65;
- the forerunner of real astronomy,
67.
- Athenæum quoted, i.
317.
- Aturia, a variant of Assyria, i.
6.
- Auben (or Auben-Ra), ii.
120.
- Augustus, ii.
382.
B
- Baal worshipped in Judah and Israel as well as Tyre and Sidon, i.
16.
- Baalazar, ii.
336.
- Babel, i.
14,
53.
- Bab-i-Houmaioun, ii.
72.
- Babil, i.
130,
154;
- its identity discussed,
384; ii.
35.
- Babooshes, i.
238.
- Babylon, age of its premiership, i.
38;
- more tenacious of life than Nineveh,
54;
- etymology of the name,
86;
- natural elements of its prosperity,
92;
- superiority of its situation over that of Nineveh,
93;
- an “eternal city,” ii.
53;
- its defences,
53;
- incomplete nature of the explorations that have been carried out on its site,
55;
- its size discussed,
56–59;
- the stone bridge,
57;
- height of the walls,
63.
- Bactriana, metals brought from, i.
125.
- Bagdad, i.
40,
54.
- Bahr-ul-nejef, ii.
176.
- Bakhenkhonsou, ii.
394.
- Balawat, gates of, i.
194;
- steles figured on,
196;
- standards figured on,
195;
- their discovery by Mr. Rassam,
242; ii.
51,
73,
118,
210.
- Baldricks, how coloured in the reliefs, ii.
247.
- Baruch quoted, ii.
89.
- Bas-reliefs, defective methods of fixing them, i.
265.
- Bassorah, i.
8,
38.
- Battering-ram, used by the Assyrians, ii.
64.
- Battlements, i.
248;
- coloured ornament upon them,
254;
- their effect against an Eastern sky,
254.
- Bavian, carved rocks at, i.
263;
- sculptures at, ii.
225;
- description of the valley,
226.
- Beards, their significance, ii.
136.
- Beauchamp, de, his account of a room in the Kasr, i.
281.
- Beharel, ii.
336.
- Behistan, i.
88.
- Bel, i.
78,
83;
- supreme in Chaldæa,
86;
- temple of, at Babylon, ii.
201.
- Bell, artist, drowned at Bavian, ii.
230.
- Bellino, cylinder of, ii.
61.
- Bel-Merodach, his sepulchral chamber, i.
379.
- Beltis (see Istar), i.
78.
- Beni-Hassan, i.
208.
- Benndorf quoted, i.
357.
- Berosus quoted by Lenormant, i.
2;
- quoted by Rawlinson,
4,
15;
- his Medic dynasty,
36;
- native Chaldæan dynasty,
36;
- his “Arab Kings,”
41,
57,
64;
- the decorations of the Temple of Bel,
287;
- his account of the origin of things quoted, ii.
270.
- Beyrout, ii.
231.
- Birch, Dr., quoted, ii.
120,
306,
311;
- his opinion on the ivories from Assyria,
320,
339.
- Birs-Nimroud, i.
130;
- its identity discussed,
384; ii.
35.
- Bit-Saggatou, i.
379.
- Bitumen, its use as mortar, i.
155;
- where found,
155;
- used to attach glazed bricks to the surface of the walls,
285.
- Black stone, Lord Aberdeen’s, i.
211.
- Boaz, ii.
70.
- Bœckh, ii.
397.
- Borsip (or Borsippa), i.
38,
53.
- Boscawen, ii.
232,
345.
- Botta quoted, i.
157,
175;
- his opinion as to the use of columns,
179,
244,
259;
- glazed bricks,
294;
- his opinion as to Assyrian use of colour, ii.
245.
- Brandis, ii.
397.
- Bréal, Michel, quoted, i.
32.
- Brewster, Sir D., ii.
306,
308.
- Bricks, process of manufacture of, i.
115;
- system of construction in,
116;
- made in Chaldæa at a very early period,
117;
- their shape,
117;
- their size,
117;
- their inscriptions,
118;
- convex-sided B. at Abou-Sharein,
118;
- dangers of crude B. as a building material,
156;
- always clothed in some other material in the palaces,
271;
- quantity of enamelled B. to be found in Babylonia,
281;
- enamelled B. of Assyria inferior to those of Chaldæa,
281;
- glazed B. in the British Museum,
281;
- enamelled B. found by George Smith at Nimroud,
293.
- Bridge, at Babylon, ii.
57.
- Bronze, its use in the palaces of the king of Babylon, according to Philostratus, i.
299.
- Broussa, i.
289.
- Balls, winged, ii.
81.
- Battons, or walking-sticks, ii.
357.
- Bracelets, ii.
356.
- Bumados, ii.
225.
- Buvariia, i.
156,
371.
- Byblos, i.
56.
C
- Cabul, ii.
374.
- Caillou Michaux, the, i.
30; ii.
4,
197–8.
- Cairo compared to Babylon, ii.
59.
- Calah, i.
14,
42;
- to be identified with Nimroud,
314.
- Callisthenes, i.
71.
- Calneh, i.
14.
- Campania, engraved bowls found there, ii.
339.
- Candolle, A. de, ii.
399.
- Canephoros found near Bagdad, ii.
116.
- Capitals, i.
205.
- Cappadocia, annexed by Assyria, i.
7; ii.
236.
- Carpets, probable identity of the patterns on modern Kurdish carpets with those made in antiquity, i.
289; ii.
293.
- Cartoons, used by the designers of the glazed brick decorations, i.
285.
- Caucasus, metals brought from the, i.
125.
- Causeways, paved, ii.
74.
- Cavaniol, H., quoted, i.
151.
- Cedars from Lebanon, used by Assyria, i.
123.
- Cemeteries, drainage of the C. in Lower Chaldæa, i.
341;
- their contents,
342.
- Ceramics, etymology of the word, i.
115.
- Chabouillet, his Catalogue des Camées quoted, ii.
90.
- Chafing-dishes, ii.
323.
- Chaldæa, primitive civilisation, i.
1;
- its size,
7;
- ethnic elements of primitive C.,
16;
- its early population,
17–21;
- second C. empire,
52;
- sudden storms,
74;
- archaic period of its art, ii.
187;
- its classic age,
192.
- Chaldæan religion, i.
55;
- more obscure than that of Egypt,
55;
- its derivation from fetishism,
59;
- origin of the composite forms of gods,
60;
- astronomy compared with that of Egypt,
72;
- origin of its idols,
76;
- difficulty of establishing a Mesopotamian pantheon,
78;
- the composite figures of Egypt and Mesopotamia compared,
79;
- anthropomorphism of the Chaldæans franker then than that of the Egyptians,
80;
- premiership of successive gods,
84.
- Chaldæans (the priestly sect), described by Diodorus, i.
90;
- their archimagus,
91.
- Chalybes, ii.
312.
- Chamanism, i.
59.
- Chariots, war-, ii.
74;
- their construction,
75.
- Chariot-poles, ii.
344.
- Chastity, sacrifice of, at Babylon, i.
89.
- Chatra (or shatra), ii.
174.
- Chedorlaomer, i.
36.
- Chedornakhounta, i.
36.
- China, its civilisation compared with those of Egypt and Chaldæa, ii.
378–380.
- Chipiez quoted, i.
220.
- Chronology, Chaldæan and Assyrian, i.
36–41.
- Choisy, Aug., quoted, i.
172.
- Chosroes, i.
171,
185.
- Cicero quoted, i.
66,
71.
- Cimmerians, i.
44.
- Clermont-Ganneau quoted, i.
348; ii.
342.
- Cloaca Maxima, i.
233.
- Cloisonné shapes, ii.
202.
- Coffered ceilings, i.
294–304.
- Coffins, from Warka and Niffer, ii.
306.
- Colour, the use of, in decoration, i.
272;
- the use of in the human figures in the reliefs, i.
277.
- Columns, their restricted use, i.
132;
- their rarity due to want of stone,
200;
- their occurrence in the Sippara tablet,
202;
- sheathed in bronze,
205;
- bases,
214–217;
- figured upon gems, ivories, and bronzes,
220.
- Commerce, ii.
372.
- Composite forms of Assyro-Chaldæan gods, i.
63.
- Cones, coloured, used for wall-decoration in Chaldæa, i.
279;
- bronze, at Tello,
318;
- superseded cylinders as seals, ii.
276.
- Confucius, ii.
378.
- Corneto, i.
180.
- Corundum, ii.
260.
- Costume, Chaldæo-Assyrian, ii.
94.
- Courban-Bairam, feast of, ii.
38.
- Courtyards, at Khorsabad, ii.
16,
29.
- Cow, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii.
143.
- Creil, ii.
381.
- Crenellations, i.
248;
- Place’s theory of their origin,
252;
- note by editor,
253;
- coloured ornament upon them,
254.
- Crete, ii.
51.
- Crux Ansata, ii.
120.
- Crystals, used for decorating furniture, ii.
323.
- Ctesias, i.
52;
- speaks of the Χαλδαίοι,
90;
- his account of the walls of Babylon,
282;
- his statements as to the size of Babylon, ii.
59;
- his statements as to the size of Nineveh,
59;
- on the bronze figures of the gods,
202;
- his description of the figures on the walls of Babylon,
296.
- Ctesiphon, i.
54;
- never seems to have been a seat of learning,
57,
93,
223.
- Cunaxa, i.
113.
- Cuneiform characters, i.
14.
- Cush, i.
14.
- Cutha, ii.
57.
- Cyaxares, i.
50.
- Cybele, ii.
398.
- Cylinder, commemorative, its discovery at the Birs-Nimroud by Sir H. Rawlinson, i.
317;
- the Phillips C.,
317.
- Cylinders (seals), i.
56;
- their universal use in Babylonia, ii.
251;
- collections of, in our Museums,
251;
- method of mounting,
255;
- of carrying,
256;
- their supercession by cones,
276;
- rarity of metal cylinders,
280.
- Cypriots, their indebtedness to Babylonia for their written characters, i.
32.
- Cyprus, engraved bowls found there, ii.
339.
- Cyrus, i.
54.
D
- Dado, coloured, at Khorsabad, i.
273.
- Dagon, see Oannes.
- Daily Telegraph, the, its subsidies to Mr. George Smith’s exploration, ii.
7.
- Damascening, ii.
345.
- Damascius, i.
58,
83.
- Damascus, ii.
231.
- Darius, ii.
201,
275.
- Decoration, i.
260;
- the colours of the painted D.,
272;
- motives of the coloured D.,
274;
- colours used at Babylon,
283;
- cuneiform characters used decoratively,
284;
- use of animal forms in D.,
307.
- Deecke quoted, i.
32.
- Delaporte, bricks brought to Europe by, i.
284.
- Deuteronomy quoted, i.
151.
- Diamond dust, its use by gem engravers, ii.
260.
- Diarbekir, ii.
203.
- Diodorus, i.
5,
120;
- his vague statements as to height of Babylonian temples,
129;
- statement as to destruction of the temple of Bel,
137;
- his description of the palaces of Semiramis quoted, ii.
34;
- λίθιναι δοκοί,
35;
- his statements as to the size of Babylon,
55;
- his statement, after Ctesias, as to the size of Nineveh,
60;
- his mention of the statue of Bel, ii.
202.
- Dionysius Periegetes quoted, i.
299.
- Diorite, used by the Chaldæan sculptors, i.
141;
- statues from Tello, ii.
175;
- fragments found at Tello,
190.
- Dioscorides (or Dioscurides), ii.
263.
- Disk, the winged, its significance, i.
87.
- Dog, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii.
143.
- Dolerite, ii.
175.
- Domes, see Vaults.
- Domestic architecture, ii.
51.
- Doors, their forms, i.
236.
- Doorways, importance of, i.
244.
- Dour-Saryoukin (or Khorsabad), i.
43,
227;
- plan of,
313.
- Dowels, metal, used to fix the carved slabs, i.
265.
- Drainage, system of, in palaces, i.
227.
- Drainpipes in the Chaldæan mounds, i.
158.
- Drapery, its effect upon Assyrian sculpture, ii.
286.
- Dromedary, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii.
152.
- Dumouzi, i.
83.
- Dungi, ii.
259,
266.
E
- Earrings, how coloured in the reliefs, ii.
247,
354;
- in the form of nude children, ii.
362.
- Ecbatana, i.
52;
- the colours of its walls,
273.
- Ekimmou, i.
345.
- Elam, i.
35.
- Ellasar, i.
36,
39.
- Elselah, ii.
336.
- Embroidery, on the robe of Assurnazirpal, i.
307;
- use of animal forms in,
308; ii.
364.
- Ephron the Hittite, ii.
70.
- Epigenes, i.
71.
- Epithets given to the gods, i.
347.
- Erech, i.
14,
24; ii.
265.
- Esarhaddon, i.
44,
103; ii.
8;
- unfinished state of his palace at Nimroud,
8,
40;
- his image in the pass of the Lycos,
231;
- rarity of sculptures dating from his reign,
236.
- “E-schakil,” i.
261.
- Esther quoted, ii.
71.
- Etana, i.
346.
- Etruria, engraved bowls found there, ii.
339.
- Euphrates, its inundations, i.
9.
- Eusebius, i.
51,
57.
- Ezekiel quoted, i.
286; ii.
372,
374.
F
- Fergusson, James, defects of his restorations, i.
277.
- Finnish compared to the language of early Chaldæa, i.
19.
- Firouz-Abad, i.
169.
- Flandin, Eugène, his opinion on the roofing question, i.
163;
- his opinion as to the polychromy of the Assyrians, ii.
245.
- Fly-flappers, ii.
203;
- how coloured in the reliefs,
247.
- Forks, ii.
351.
- Foundation ceremonies, i.
311.
- Fountains, at Bavian, ii.
229;
- in Asia Minor, their decoration, i.
262.
- Fox-Talbot quoted, ii.
159.
- Fresnel, ii.
58.
- Frieze, of enamelled brick at Khorsabad, i.
283.
- Fringes, how represented and coloured, ii.
247.
- of the Parthenon, ii.
104.
- Furniture, ii.
313;
- its magnificence in Assyria,
313;
- thrones,
314;
- decorative motives,
314–324;
- Ivory ornament used upon it,
319;
- remains from Van,
319.
- Fustel de Coulanges quoted, i.
345.