148. C. Simpson, author of The Division Viol, 1687.

149. See the Travels in France, Bohn’s Library, p. 335 et seq., for the views therein set forth.

150. All the public charges on 4,000 acres amounted only to 14l.

151. His daughter Sarah, the writer of several ingenious and interesting works.—A. Y.

152. By Act of Parliament, 1793.

153. This recantation of Arthur Young’s former democratic utterances was published in June 1793.

154. Marquis de Castries and Maréchal of France. Joined the émigrés on the Revolution, and served in Condé’s army.

155. Village Politics, by Will Chip, 1793; price 2d.

156. William Coxe, 1747-1828, author of Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, &c. &c.

157. Evidently an allusion to some work of the writer.

158. Career, general course of action or procedure.—Webster.

159. This appears to have been the place lately known as the Thatched House Club, St. James’s Street, Piccadilly.

160. 1715-1804. Author of numerous works on speculative history, in one of which he denied the existence of Troy.

161. Probably an allusion to A. Y.’s habit of air baths.

162. Prefer, to set forth, propose.—Webster.

163. Israel Mauduit, son of a Dissenting minister; at first the same, afterwards merchant; published Considerations on the German War, 1760, &c. &c. See Chalmers’ Biog. Dict.

164. No note is to be found among papers concerning this visit.

165. Enclosure Bill. ‘At the Revolution of 1688 more than half the kingdom was believed to consist of moorland, forest, and fen, and vast commons and wastes covered the greater part of England north of the Humber. But the numerous Enclosure Bills which began with the reign of George II., and especially marked that of his successor, changed the whole face of the country. Ten thousand square miles of untilled land have been [? had been] added, under their operation, to the area of cultivation.’—Green’s History of the English People.

166. Abolished (saving the rights of the then holders of office) in 1812. 52 Geo. III. c. xi.

167. Now fourteen years old.

168. This passage has been crossed out with a pencil, but is given as showing the régime of young ladies’ schools a hundred years ago. In another note occurs the sentence, ‘Brought my dear little girl from Camden House to London.’ Presumably Camden Town is meant, at that time being less than suburban.

169. The county belle, Betsey Plampin, married some years before to Mr. Orbell Oakes.

170. Lady Mary Hervey, the beautiful daughter of the Earl of Bristol, Bishop of Derry. Her portrait, by Gainsborough, was on show at Agnew’s in 1896.

171. Some medical questions the child wishes put to her London doctor are here omitted.

172. John Jortin, D.D., born 1696, died 1770. His numerous theological and historical works have been frequently reprinted.

173. Henry More, D.D., born 1614, died 1687. In 1640 published Psycho-Zoia; or, the Life of the Soul. His philosophical and theological works have been reprinted.

174. Th. Secker, Archbishop of Canterbury, born 1693, died 1768.

175. Samuel Ogden, D.D., born 1716, died 1778.

176. Adam Littleton, D.D., born 1627, died 1674.

177. Samuel Clarke, D.D., born 1675, died 1729. The piece alluded to was the first Boyle Lecture. Of his works Dr. Johnson remarked, ‘I should recommend Dr. Clarke’s works were he orthodox.’

178. John Conybeare, D.D., born 1691, died 1755. ‘A great champion of revelation.’

179. Plymer; in Redgrave’s Dictionary of Artists written ‘Plimer.’ Two brothers therein mentioned, Andrew and Nathaniel, both miniature painters and exhibitors at the R.A.; born 1763, died 1837; born 1767, died 1822.

180. Practical View of the Prevailing System of Professed Christians in the Higher and Middle Ranks in this Country, Contrasted with Real Christianity. Published 1797, and frequently reprinted.

181. Th. Scott—the friend of Cowper—born 1747, died 1821, chaplain to the Lock Hospital.

182. Th. Newton, born 1704, died 1782; edited Paradise Lost.

183. Alluding to the movement suggested by A. Y., and ultimately carried out, of forming regiments of volunteer cavalry, in view of the menacing attitude of France.

184. Carnot, the ‘organiser of victory,’ grandfather of the late lamented President of the French Republic. Almost alone of the Senate, Carnot refused to sanction the coup d’état of Napoleon, 1799.

185. J. F. Ostervald, Swiss Protestant divine, born 1683, died 1747. All his works have been translated into English.

186. These ‘Observations,’ above referred to, are inserted in vol. xxix Annals of Agriculture.

187. Assessed taxes. On December 4, 1797, Mr. Pitt introduced a Bill for trebling the amount of assessed taxes. This was again debated in the House of Commons in January 1798, and finally passed. See Hansard’s Parliamentary History.

188. In a memorandum-book of the preceding year occur the following entries: ‘Receipts, 901l.; debts, Dec. 31, 986l.’ Debts seem to have been a burden throughout A. Y.’s long life.

189. A. O’Connor, concerned with others in an address to the Directory France; tried for treason at Maidstone, 1798; found not guilty. See Annual Register, 1798.

190. These dinners to poor children were given in memory of Bobbin.

191. Née Betsy Plampin.

192. Referring to a long letter from the great Wilberforce on ‘Original Sin.’

193. The Letters of Maria Josepha Holroyd give an amusing account of the events here described.

194. On November 4, 1794, Souvarow took Warsaw, when 8,000 soldiers and 12,000 men, women, and children were massacred in cold blood. See L’histoire générale de Lavisse et Rambaud, vol. viii. p. 358. It is to be hoped that Dr. Burney was in ignorance of this.

195. Note by A. Y. at close of year’s diary: ‘In the summer,’ in consequence of much conversation with Lord Carrington on the importance of enclosures, I proposed to him that I should take a tour expressly for the purpose of ascertaining what the effect had really been in practice. He approved of the idea, and desired me to execute it; and, in regard to the expense, I told him that if he would allow 100l., I would expend it in travelling, and report to him the country travelled and the enclosures examined, and then he might extend or not the undertaking at his pleasure. He approved the plan, and I accordingly employed twenty weeks on the journey.’

196. In the Annals of Agriculture, vol. xxxv. p. 432, occurs the following: ‘If a farming traveller comes to Kimbolton, and forgets its mistress, may his sheep rot and crops blight! A young duchess, ever in the country, loving it, and free from a wish for London—a character that, if I was to give my pen scope, it would run wild on such a subject.’

197. Full accounts of these tours are given in the Annals of Agriculture.

198. These letters are inserted in the Annals of Agriculture, vol. xxxv. p. 459.

199. Lord Sheffield published Remarks on the Deficiency of Grain 1799-1800, and Observations on the Exportation of Wool from Great Britain to Ireland. 1800.

200. The Elements of Agriculture.

201. Mrs. Oakes, née Betsy Plampin.

202. A Collection of Theological Tracts, by the Bishop of Llandaff, 6 vols.

203. This seems to have been an anticipation of table-turning.

204. Samuel Horsley, born 1733, died 1806, Bishop of St. Asaph’s, St. David’s, and Rochester; celebrated for his controversy with Dr. Priestley.

205. The Anti-Jacobin, or Weekly Examiner, was started by Canning, J. H. Frere, and others; the editor was W. Gifford. It ran from November 20, 1797, to July 9, 1798.

206. I print this as written, but can find no allusion in works of reference to the circumstance mentioned.

207. C. de l’Héritier, born 1746, died 1800; botanist, and member of the Académie des Sciences.

208. Cornelia Knight, author of Dinarbas, a continuation of Rasselas, 1790, and other works.

209. Celebrated French geologist. Accompanied Napoleon to Egypt; on his return was taken prisoner and confined at Messina by the King of Sicily; on peace being made with Naples was liberated.

210. Robert Smith, son of a banker at Nottingham; M.P. for that town from 1770 to 1796; supporter and friend of Pitt; raised to the Irish peerage in 1796, to the English peerage in 1797.

211. Mrs. Orbell Oakes, the beautiful Betty Plampin of former flirtations, is ‘the friend’ henceforth constantly alluded to.

212. Isaac Milner, 1751-1820, son of a poor weaver (brother of the no less remarkable Joseph Milner), Dean of Carlisle, and Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge.

213. John Russell, sixth Duke, ‘the great Duke of Bedford,’ who did so much for agriculture, and in 1830 rebuilt Covent Garden Market at a cost of 40,000l. Died 1839.

214. J. Overton, officer in the Excise; made telescopes, and had a private press, where he printed books, mostly theological. Died 1838. See Annual Register for that year.

215. L. W. Otto, Count of Morlay, was a German diplomatist in the French service, and lived 1752-1817. See Didot, Biographie Universelle.

216. This was not, perhaps, impossible. See the following note from the Daily News Paris correspondent three or four years ago:

‘An account of Napoleon I.’s visit to Breda in 1810 is now appearing, for the first time, in the Débats, and is deeply interesting. It will be seen that Napoleon I. at the zenith of his power was on the point of becoming a Protestant.

‘The Emperor, after receiving several Deputies, went up to the Catholic Vicar, who had written a speech, and proceeded to read it. The Emperor, without replying, asked where were the Protestant ministers. Then M. Ten Oever, in his robes, followed by the entire Protestant clergy, was presented by the Prince de Wagram, and read an address. The Emperor remarked with satisfaction that the Protestant ministers wore their robes. Then, turning to the Roman Catholic clergy, he asked, “How is it that you are not wearing your frocks? What! I come to a Department [Holland had been annexed to France] where the majority are Catholics, who were formerly oppressed, and who have received more liberty from the King, my brother, and myself, and your first act is to show me disrespect! I have always found my Protestants faithful subjects. I have six thousand at Paris and eight hundred thousand in my empire, and I have no cause for complaint against a single one. Fools that you are! If the Concordat had not been accepted by the Pope, I should have turned Protestant, and thirty million Frenchmen would have followed my example. [The italics are my own.] You have calumniated Protestants, representing them as men teaching principles contrary to the rights of sovereigns. I have no better subjects. They serve in my palace in Paris. It was not Luther, nor Calvin, but the German princes who declined to submit to your fanatical yoke. The English were quite right to part company with you. You would like to set up scaffolds and stakes, but I will prevent you. All authority comes from God.”’

217. D. Bogue, D.D., On the Divine Authority of the New Testament, 1801.

218. Bishop of Cloyne, Alciphron; or, the Minute Philosopher, 1732.

219. C. Leslie, died 1722, author of The Rehearsals: Tracts against the Deists and Socinians, 4 vols.

220. Voyage en Amérique, 2 vols. 1800. It seems that the French émigrés, after being most hospitably treated in England, showed little return in the way of graciousness. See Letters of Maria Josepha Holroyd; also the Jerningham Letters.

221. Ambrose Marie Arnault, French economist, 1750-1812. See Vapereau.

222. See Chap. IV. ‘Ireland,’ for this curious bargain, by which A. Y., instead of a sum total of 700l., in 1776 was to receive 72l. per annum!

223. Mrs. Oakes.

224. This recalls Goethe’s line, ‘Der Augenblick ist Ewigkeit.’Ewigkeit.’

225. Ch. Simeon, 1759-1836, an eminent divine of the Evangelical school. His works, consisting of 2,536 sermons, &c., were published in twenty-one volumes in 1832.

226. Orbell Oakes, husband of ‘my friend,’ the beautiful Betsy.

227. J. Townsend, 1740-1816, English divine, and author of A Journey through Spain, 2nd edit. 1792.

228. John Owen, D.D., 1616-1683, the great Nonconformist divine who accompanied Cromwell to Scotland. In 1817 A. Y. published Oweniana (or selections from his works).

229. John Flavel, Nonconformist divine, 1627-1662, author of numerous works.

230. By Walter Marshall, 1692; frequently reprinted.

231. Joseph Skinner, Present State of Peru, 1805.

232. ‘There is now with us a Mr. Van Couver, of Vancouver’s Island, who would entertain you very much. He is making an agricultural tour in Sussex.’—Letters of Maria Josepha Holroyd, p. 326.

233. Nicholas Vansittart, Lord Bexley, sometime Governor of Bengal of great financial reputation.

234. W. Marshall, 1778-1817, a voluminous writer on agriculture, Minutes of Agriculture, &c. &c.

235. Evidently alluding to Sir Nathaniel Wraxall, a voluminous writer in France, whose works are now forgotten.

236. J. Blackadder, lieut.-colonel, afterwards minister, died in prison 1685.

237. ‘Cock’s foot grass, considered valuable as a pasture grass in light soils.’—Loudon.

238. See Hansard.

239. ‘No cards, because cards are employed in gaming; no assemblies, because many dissipated persons pass their lives in assemblies. Carry this but a little further, and we must say—no wine, because of drunkenness; no meat, because of gluttony; no use, that there may be no abuse.’—Sydney Smith on Hannah More.

240. Voyages and Travels in India, Ceylon, &c., 1809.

241. A pathetic interest attaches to this sentence. Here A. Y.’s fine hold handwriting (of late rather painting in black ink) ceases. A few desperate splashes, and we seem to see the pen despairingly cast aside and the journalising handed over to his secretary.

242. Still addressed to Jane Young.

243. Written from London.

244. This is explained in a letter from Mary Young to her brother Arthur, dated March 27; no year added, but evidently written in 1811. The Duke of Grafton died March 14, 1811. ‘It seems that the poor patient was very intractable, and that the operator said, “Indeed, sir, if you are not more patient I must leave you.”... Mr. Wilberforce, with the best wishes imaginable, called [after the couching], and was shown up to his bedroom; and the very first words he said were, “So we have lost the poor Duke of Grafton!” then began and continued in his mild, soft manner a most pathetic dissertation on the duke’s pious resignation, &c. &c., till your father burst into tears, which was, Phipps (the oculist) vowed, the worst thing possible, and which anyone knew in his lamentable state of inflammation was destruction. It flung him back, being only a week after the operation. Oh, Ar., as I greatly believe he will be entirely blind, do try to come to him.’

245. ‘Citrine ointment: a mercurial ointment, the unguentum hydrargyri nitralis.’—Webster.

246. A selection from the writings of Baxter, by A. Y.

247. This lady afterwards became assistant secretary to A. Y.

248. This must be a mistake of the French secretary. Surely Baring is intended.

249. A selection from the works of J. Owen, D.D., by A. Y.

250. A. F. Baron de, 1762-1851, celebrated agriculturist and member of the Institut.

251. Sir Walter Scott and other historians of Napoleon refer to a vague rumour that in 1814 and 1815 the Allied Powers had a secret design to remove Napoleon from Elba to St. Helena. He affected to believe the rumour, and frequently mentioned it.