INDEX
- aal-mutter, ii, 144
- Abbott, i, 415, 419, 422; ii, 307, 534
- on perch, ii, 307
- abdominal fishes, ii, 39
- Abdominales, i, 393; ii, 38, 39
- Abeona, ii, 375
- Abramis, ii, 167
- figure of, ii, 168
- Aboma,
- figure of, ii, 462
- abundance of food-fish, i, 329
- abura-ainame, ii, 440
- abura-bodzu, ii, 323
- aburazame, i, 524
- Acantharchus, ii, 297
- Acanthistius, ii, 323
- Acanthobatis, i, 553
- Acanthocephala, i, 344, 351
- Acanthocepola, ii, 363
- Acanthoclinidæ, ii, 516
- Acanthoclinus, ii, 516
- Acanthocybium, ii, 266
- Acanthodei, i, 65, 437, 447, 513, 519, 545, 561
- Dean on, i, 517
- families of, i, 516
- order of, i, 514
- Woodward on, i, 514
- Acanthoëssidæ, i, 515, 516
- Acanthoëssus, i, 446, 510-513
- figure of, i, 515
- scales of, figured, i, 521
- Acantholabrus, ii, 387
- Acanthonemus, ii, 286
- Acanthopteri, ii, 157
- Acanthopterygian, ii, 39, 293
- Acanthopterygii, i, 391; ii, 189, 208-214
- Acanthostracion, i, 377
- Acanthuridæ, i, 206; ii, 405, 407, 410, 411
- family of, ii, 407
- Acanthurus, i, 268, 271; ii, 407, 409
- Acanus, ii, 330
- Acara, ii, 381
- Acentronura, ii, 236
- Acerina, ii, 241, 309
- Acentrophorus, ii, 23
- Achirinæ, ii, 495
- Achirus,
- figure of, ii, 496
- Acipenser, i, 291, 332, 391, 452; ii, 18, 19, 20, 22
- Acipenseridæ, i, 290; ii, 18
- Acipenseroidei, i, 382
- Acraniata, i, 484
- Acrocheilus, ii, 169
- Acrogaster, ii, 252
- Acrognathus, ii, 34
- Acropoma, ii, 317
- Acropomidæ, ii, 317
- Acrotidæ, ii, 285
- Acrotus, ii, 285
- Actinistia, i, 602
- order of, i, 604
- Actinopteri, i, 451, 507, 599, 610; ii, 1, 2, 4, 5, 208
- Actinopterygii, i, 462; ii, 1
- Actinosts, ii, 1, 33
- actinotrichia, i, 80
- Adaptation of fishes, i, 177-225
- adaptive radiation,
- law of, i, 296
- adder-fish, ii, 501
- Adelfisch, ii, 65
- Adelochorda, i, 461
- Adinia, ii, 199
- adipose fin, i, 25
- Ægæonichthys, ii, 549
- Æoliscus,
- figure of, ii, 235
- Ærolepis, ii, 14
- Æthalion, ii, 41
- Ætheospondyli, ii, 24, 29
- Æthoprora,
- figure of, i, 188
- Aëtobatis, i, 557
- figure of, i, 558
- African catfish,
- figure of, i, 457; ii, 185
- Agassiz, A., i, 405
- Agassiz, L., i, 419, 428, 614; ii, 1, 39, 183, 486
- on dispersion, i, 284
- on Embiotocidæ, ii, 378, 379
- on embryology of garpike, ii, 31
- on fish fauna of N. E., i, 302
- on fossil fishes, i, 404
- on ganoids, ii, 9
- on high and low forms, i, 381
- on Lepidosteus, ii, 5
- on Onchus, i, 530
- portrait of, i, 399
- pupils of, i, 405
- questions raised by, i, 284
- sketch of, i, 404
- Age of fishes, i, 144-146
- agency of ocean currents, i, 243
- Agnatha, i, 508
- Agonidæ, i, 208; ii, 3, 185, 452, 453, 456
- family of, ii, 449
- Agonoid fish,
- figure of, i, 221; ii, 453
- Agonostomus, ii, 107, 222
- Agonus, i, 219; ii, 453
- Agrammus, ii, 440
- Ahl, i, 394
- aholehole, ii, 304
- air-bladder, i, 11
- air-duct, i, 12
- Aristotle on, 95
- Borelli on, i, 95
- of Carp, i, 93; ii, 159, 160
- in Cœlacanthus, i, 604
- defined, i, 92, 93
- De Fosse on, i, 97
- Delaroche on, i, 95
- figure of, i, 93, 604
- function of, i, 94
- in ganoids, i, 101
- gases in, i, 94
- in Labyrinthici, i, 91
- an organ of hearing, ii, 159
- origin of, i, 98
- position of, i, 35
- Sörensen on, i, 97
- Tower on, i, 95
- use of, i, 12
- wanting in sharks, i, 506
- Weber on, i, 96
- akadai, ii, 344
- Alaska blackfish, i, 51, 147, 290
- figure of, i, 149; ii, 206
- Alaska cod, ii, 536
- Alaska grayling,
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 120
- Alaskan rivers,
- fishes of, i, 304, 305
- Albacore, i, 210; ii, 136
- Albatross, the i, 263, 408; ii, 60, 130, 138
- Albatrossia, ii, 541
- Albula, i, 142, 205; ii, 29, 46, 148
- figure of, i, 147; ii, 44
- Albulidæ, ii, 41, 44
- Alburnus, ii, 167
- Alcock, i, 244, 408; ii, 290
- Aldrich,
- photograph by, i, 303
- Aldrovandi, i, 388
- Aldrovandia,
- figure of, ii, 138
- Alectis, i, 202; ii, 276
- aleihi, ii, 253
- Alepisauridæ, i, 134
- Alepocephalidæ, ii, 60
- Alepocephalus,
- figure of, ii, 60
- alewife, ii, 49
- figure of, ii, 50
- alfonsinos, ii, 251
- alimentary canal, i, 31
- alkaloid poisons, i, 182, 184, 185; ii, 411, 412
- allantiasis, i, 183
- alligator-fish, ii, 449, 453
- alligator-gar,
- figure of, ii, 31
- allmouth, ii, 545
- Alopiidæ,
- family of, i, 536
- Alosa, i, 204, 291; ii, 50
- Alticus,
- figure of, i, 230; ii, 509
- Alutera, i, 206; ii, 414, 415
- amadai, ii, 363
- Amanses, ii, 415
- figure of, ii, 414
- Amaræcium, i, 477
- Ambassis, ii, 317
- Ambassidæ, ii, 317
- amber-fish, ii, 272
- figure of, i, 458; ii, 273
- amber-jack, ii, 274
- Amblodon, i, 302
- Ambloplites,
- Amblyopsidæ, 290; ii, 204
- family of, ii, 200
- Amblyopsis, i, 220, 314
- figure of, i, 221, 222; ii, 203
- Amblypterus, ii, 14
- Amblystoma, i, 78
- Ameiurus, i, 283, 293, 310, 356; ii, 35, 183, 185, 186, 299
- American charr, ii, 110
- American fishes,
- Goode on, i, 335
- Amia, i, 33, 101, 102, 204, 291, 344, 391, 612, 623; ii, 8, 9, 11, 31, 33, 36, 41, 160
- Amiatus, i, 394
- Amiidæ, i, 290; ii, 4, 34, 35, 36
- Amioidei,
- Lütken on, ii, 33
- Amiopsis, ii, 36
- Amitra, ii, 454
- Ammocœtes, i, 142
- Ammocrypta, ii, 306
- figure of, i, 158; ii, 313
- Ammodytes, ii, 224, 391, 514, 522
- figure of, ii, 521
- Ammodytidæ, ii, 215, 520, 521
- Amphacanthi,
- suborder of, ii, 409
- Ampheristus, ii, 436
- Amphibia, i, 393, 600, 606
- Amphibians, ii, 9
- origin of, i, 600
- Amphicœlian, i, 49
- Amphiodon, i, 394
- Amphioxides, i, 483
- Amphioxus, i, 482, 495
- Amphiplaga, ii, 243
- Amphipnoidæ, 11, 141
- Amphipnous, ii, 141
- Amphiprion, ii, 384
- Amphisile, ii, 235
- Amphisticus, ii, 375
- Amphistiidæ,
- Amphistium, ii, 485
- figure of, ii, 247
- Amyzon, ii, 175
- Anabantidæ, ii, 215, 370
- Gill on, i, 366
- Anabas, i, 91, 103, 163
- figure of, ii, 366
- Anableps, i, 117, 391; ii, 131
- Anacanthini, i, 405; ii, 484, 485, 499, 501, 532, 533, 538
- anadromous fishes, i, 291
- anadromous salmon, ii, 68
- anal fin, i, 10
- in Embiotocidæ, i, 125
- as intromittent organ, i, 124
- in Pœciliidæ, i, 125
- in sword-tail minnow, i, 124
- analogy and homology, i, 368, 369
- Coues on, i, 369
- Anampses, ii, 390
- Anarhichadidæ, ii, 517
- Anarhichas, i, 208, 391; ii, 518
- Anarchias, ii, 153
- Anarrhichthys, i, 208, 364; ii, 518
- skull of, ii, 517
- Anarthri, i, 509
- Anarthrodira, i, 584, 585, 590
- Anaspida, i, 573, 622
- order of, i, 579
- anatomy of tunicates,
- figure showing, i, 472
- Anchovia, i, 199, 205
- figure of, ii, 54
- anchovy,
- figure of, ii, 54
- anchovy, silvery,
- figure of, ii, 54
- ancient outlet of Lake Bonneville,
- photograph of, i, 303
- Ancylostylos, ii, 45
- Andaman Islands,
- fishes of, i, 166
- Andrews, i, 428
- Anema, ii, 504
- angel-fishes, i, 547, 549
- angler-fishes, i, 189, 206; ii, 542-553
- anglers,
- dorsal fin in, i, 202
- angling, i, 336
- Young on, i, 337-339
- Anguilla, i, 127, 162, 211; ii, 143
- Anguillidæ, i, 290; ii, 148
- family of, ii, 142
- angular, i, 606
- Anisotremus, i, 271; ii, 341
- Anomalopidæ,
- family of, ii, 317
- anko,
- figure of, ii, 545
- Anomalops, ii, 317
- Anoplogaster, ii, 252
- Anoplopoma,
- figure of, ii, 438
- Anoplopomidæ,
- family of, ii, 438
- Anoplus, i, 260; ii, 333
- Antechinomys, ii, 471
- Antennariidæ, i, 52; ii, 542, 549, 553
- Antennarius, i, 197, 206
- Anthias, ii, 328
- Antiarcha, i, 573, 581, 590, 622
- order of, i, 576
- Antigonia, i, 262
- Anyperodon, ii, 328
- ao, ii, 274
- Apeltes,
- figure of, ii, 232
- Aphanopus, i, 210
- Aphareus,
- figure of, ii, 339
- Aphredoderidæ, i, 290; ii, 243, 294
- Aphredoderus, ii, 204, 252, 291, 294, 296
- figure of, ii, 295
- Apia,
- coral reef of, figured, i, 234
- Apichthys, ii, 278
- Aplidiopsis,
- figure of, i, 479
- Aploactis, i, 202
- Aplodactylidæ, ii, 363
- Aplodactylus, ii, 364
- Aplodinotus, i, 291, 302; ii, 354, 357
- Apocopodon, i, 558
- Apodes, i, 393, 611; ii, 40, 139-158, 532
- order of, ii, 141
- Apodichthys, i, 227; ii, 512
- Apogon,
- Apogonidæ,
- family of, ii, 316
- Apomotis, i, 26, 310; ii, 301
- figure of, i, 27; ii, 350
- Apostasis, ii, 406
- Apostolides, i, 412
- Appendicularia, i, 466
- Brooks on, i, 480
- Appendiculariidæ, i, 474
- Aprion, i, 325; ii, 338
- Apsilus, ii, 338
- aquatic worms, ii, 143
- Aracana, ii, 417
- Arapaima, ii, 11, 56
- Arbaciosa,
- species of, ii, 531
- Archæomænidæ, ii, 29
- Archæus, ii, 278
- Archencheli,
- archers, ii, 400
- archicercal tail, i, 81, 83
- archipterygium, i, 59-61, 68, 69, 73, 446, 459, 511, 512, 522, 598, 600, 601
- Boulenger on, i, 79
- Gegenbaur on, i, 60
- Günther on, i, 60
- archnoid membrane, i, 109
- Archoplites, i, 179, 240; ii, 297
- figure of, i, 258
- Archosargus, i, 324; ii, 346
- figure of, i, 31; ii, 347
- Archoteuthis, ii, 410
- Arctic codling, ii, 537
- Arctic species,
- in lakes, i, 316
- Loven on, i, 317
- Malmgren on, i, 317
- Smith on, i, 317
- Arctoscopus, ii, 364
- Argentina, i, 391
- Argentinidæ, ii, 122, 124
- Argidæ, ii, 185
- Argyropelecus,
- figure of, i, 190; ii, 137
- Argyrosomus, i, 315; ii, 62, 65, 67
- figure of, ii, 66
- Ariscopus, i, 257
- figure of, ii, 504
- Aristotle, ii, 146
- on fishes of Greece, i, 387
- on noises of fish, i, 95
- Arius, ii, 178, 186
- arm of frog, i, 601
- figure of, i, 71
- ama-ama, ii, 221
- armado, i, 169
- arnillo, ii, 338
- Arnoglossus, ii, 488
- arrow-toothed halibut, ii, 491
- Artedi, i, 374, 390
- on genera, i, 391
- Artediellus, ii, 442
- Artedius, ii, 442
- Arthrodira, i, 573, 584, 585, 590, 612
- Dean on, i, 581
- Jækel on, i, 591
- Arthrodires, i, 204, 241, 436, 437, 603, 622; ii, 3
- classification of, i, 584
- figure of, i, 445, 584
- occurrence of, i, 583
- relationships of, i, 588
- Arthropteridæ, i, 553
- Arthropterus, i, 553
- Arthrognathi, i, 581, 584, 585, 589, 590
- Dean on, i, 584
- Arthrothoraci, i, 584, 586, 587
- articular, i, 606
- artificial impregnation,
- Jacobian method, i, 150
- Ascanius, i, 396; ii, 472
- Ascelichthys, ii, 449
- Ascidia,
- figure of, i, 474
- Ascidiacea, i, 474
- ascidians, i, 460, 467
- Kingsley on, i, 474
- Ritter on, i, 474
- Ascidiiæ, i, 474, 475
- Ascidina,
- figure of, i, 475
- Aseraggodes, ii, 496
- Ashmead,
- on leprosy transmission, i, 186
- Asineopidæ, ii, 243, 296, 317
- Asineops, ii, 243, 317
- Asmuss, i, 427
- Aspasma, ii, 531
- figure of, ii, 530
- Aspidocephali, i, 568, 575
- Aspidoganoidei, i, 568
- Aspidophoroides,
- figure of, ii, 453
- Aspidorhini, i, 568
- Aspidorhynchidæ, ii, 24, 29
- Aspidorhynchus, ii, 29
- Aspius, ii, 175
- Aspredo, ii, 184
- Aspro, ii, 307, 310
- figure of, ii, 309
- aspron, ii, 309
- figure of, ii, 310
- Asterolepidæ, i, 576, 623
- Asterolepis, i, 577, 591
- Asterospondyli, i, 447, 510, 513, 532
- order of, i, 525
- asterospondylous, i, 49
- Asterosteidæ, i, 584, 585
- Asterosteus, i, 585
- Asterropteryx, i, 263
- Astrodermiidæ, i, 551
- Astrodermus, i, 551
- Astrolabe, the, i, 408
- Astrolytes,
- figure of, ii, 442
- Astronesthidæ, ii, 128
- Astrape, i, 554
- Astroscopus, ii, 503
- Gilbert on, i, 187
- electric organs of, i, 187
- Asymmetron, i, 483; ii, 467
- Ateleaspis, i, 574
- Atheresthes, i, 205; ii, 491
- Atherina, i, 393; ii, 216
- Atherinidæ, i, 290; ii, 215
- Atherinops, ii, 218
- Atherinopsis,
- figure of, ii, 218
- Atherinosoma, ii, 218
- Athlennes, ii, 211
- Atka fish,
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 439
- Atka mackerel, ii, 439
- Atlantic creek, i, 308, 309
- Atlantic oarfish, ii, 472
- Atlantic salmon, ii, 89
- attenuate, i, 19
- Atthey, i, 426
- Auchenopterus, ii, 508
- atule, ii, 275
- auditory ossicles, ii, 160
- Aulichthys, ii, 233
- Aulolepis, ii, 48
- Aulopidæ, ii, 130, 132
- Aulopus, i, 259; ii, 190
- Aulorhamphus, ii, 406
- Aulorhynchidæ,
- family of, ii, 232
- Aulorhynchus, ii, 233
- Aulostomidæ,
- family of, ii, 233
- Aulostomus, ii, 233
- figure of, ii, 234
- Australia, ii, 363
- Australian flying-fish,
- figure of, i, 341
- Australian lung-fish, i, 100
- autochthonous, i, 245
- autostylic skull, i, 561; ii, 8
- Auxis, ii, 262
- awa, ii, 45, 221
- awaawa, ii, 43
- awaous, i, 254; ii, 465
- aweoweo, ii, 333
- Axinurus, ii, 409
- axonasts, i, 604, 605; ii, 17
- Ayres, i, 419, 428
- ayu, i, 256; ii, 115, 117, 118
- figure of, i, 321; ii, 116
- fishing for figured, i, 333, 335
- Azevia, i, 271; ii, 489
- d'Azyr, i, 390
- Azygostei, i, 581
- azygous, i, 88
- Baer, i, 428
- Bagarius, ii, 186
- bagonado, ii, 344
- bagre, ii, 182
- bagre de Rio, ii, 182
- Bagrus, ii, 183
- Baikal cods, ii, 455
- Baird, i, 419; ii, 142
- Bairdiella, ii, 355
- figure of, ii, 355
- Bakker, i, 428
- Balanoglossidæ, i, 465
- Balanglossus, i, 461
- Balanus, ii, 544
- balaos, ii, 212
- Balfour, i, 428, 511, 513; ii, 8
- finfold theory, i, 69, 514
- lateral-fold theory, i, 71-73
- on paired fins, ii, 8
- on sharks, i, 511
- Balfour and Parker,
- on Lepidosteus, ii, 5
- Balistapus, i, 181; ii, 413
- Balistes, i, 206, 391, 611; ii, 22
- figure of, i, 184; ii, 412
- Balistidæ, ii, 413, 418
- family of, ii, 412
- Ballou,
- on eels, ii, 417
- banded rockfish,
- figure of, ii, 432
- banded sunfish,
- figure of, ii, 299
- bandfishes, ii, 363
- bandfishes,
- the crested, ii, 291
- Banks, i, 395
- barbels, i, 115; ii, 170
- organs of touch, i, 122
- barber-fish, ii, 328
- barbero, ii, 408
- barbudos, ii, 256
- Barbulifer, ii, 462
- Barbus, ii, 170, 175
- Barkas, i, 426
- Barneville, i, 412
- Barracuda, ii, 34, 39, 215, 266, 317, 469
- Barracuda,
- Barramunda, i, 116, 614, 615
- Günther on, i, 615
- barreto, ii, 467
- barriers,
- Alleghanies, i, 311
- artificial dams, i, 300
- Cape of Good Hope, i, 268
- checks to movement, i, 240
- crossing by fishes, i, 302
- to dispersion, i, 297
- Isthmus of Panama, i, 269
- local, i, 298
- mountain chains, i, 310
- Rocky Mountains, i, 305
- the Sierras, i, 310
- silt-bearing streams, i, 301
- species absent from, i, 239
- temperature, i, 298
- waterfalls, i, 300
- watersheds, i, 205
- basal bone,
- of dorsal fin, i, 49
- figure of, i, 49, 56
- of pectoral fin, i, 59
- baseosts, ii, 17
- basilar, i, 88
- Basilevsky, i, 411
- basking shark, i, 539
- figure of, i, 540
- largest of fishes, i, 539
- bass, i, 4, 21, 47, 290, 323, 440; ii, 316-350
- black, i, 303, 304
- white, i, 321
- yellow, i, 321
- bassalian fishes, i, 245, 246; ii, 128
- Bassani, i, 427
- Bassozetus,
- figure of, i, 456
- bastard halibut, ii, 489
- Bateson, i, 463
- batfish, ii, 402, 458
- Bathyclupeidæ, ii, 290
- Bathygadus, ii, 541
- Bathylagus, ii, 127
- Bathymaster, ii, 502
- figure of, ii, 503
- Bathymasteridæ, ii, 502
- Bathyonidæ, ii, 540
- Bathyonus, ii, 540
- Bathypteroidæ, ii, 130
- Bathypterois, ii, 131
- Batoidei, i, 519
- suborder of, i, 549
- Batrachians, i, 85, 87, 88
- Batrachoides, i, 394; ii, 526
- Batrachoides,
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
- Batrachoididæ, i, 182, 192; ii, 525, 529, 542
- Batrachoids, ii, 529
- Batrictius, i, 394
- Bdellostoma, i, 490
- Beagle, the, i, 408
- Bean, i, 408, 419
- Beardslee, ii, 101
- Beardslee trout, ii, 101
- Belemnobatis, i, 551
- Bellotti, i, 412
- bellows fish, ii, 545
- Belon,
- on fishes of Mediterranean, i, 388
- Belone, ii, 210, 211
- Belonidæ,
- family of, ii, 210
- Belonorhynchidæ, ii, 514
- Belonorhynchus, ii, 17
- Belostomus, ii, 29
- Bembradidæ, ii, 441, 499
- Bembras, ii, 441
- Benecke,
- on spawning of eels, ii, 146
- Beneden, i, 427
- benimasu, ii, 72
- Bennett, i, 408, 416
- Bentenia, ii, 286
- Benthosauridæ, ii, 130
- Benthosaurus, ii, 131
- Berg, i, 415
- portrait of, i, 409
- Berndt,
- opah taken by, ii, 244
- photograph by, i, 323
- Berycidæ, i, 206; ii, 294, 499
- family of, ii, 251
- Berycoidei, ii, 40, 245, 290, 484, 485
- suborder of, ii, 250-257
- Berycoid fishes, ii, 250
- Berycoids, ii, 247
- Berycopsis, ii, 285
- Beryx, i, 259, 263, 438; ii, 249, 289
- figure of, ii, 251
- beshow, ii, 438
- Betta, i, 163; ii, 370
- biajaiba, ii, 336
- Bianconi, i, 412
- Bibron, i, 412
- big-eye, ii, 333
- figure of, ii, 332
- big-eyed scad, ii, 275
- Birkenia, i, 580
- figure of, i, 579
- Birkeniidæ, i, 579
- bishop-fish, i, 361
- bishop-fish,
- figure of, i, 361
- Björnson,
- on fishing villages of Norway, i, 329
- black angel, ii, 405
- black angel-fish,
- figure of, ii, 403
- black bass, i, 209; ii, 168, 301, 328
- black bream, ii, 206
- Black Current of Japan, sharks in, i, 536
- black escolar, 338
- black-fin snapper, ii, 336
- blackfish, ii, 387
- black grouper, ii, 323, 325
- black-horse, ii, 173
- Blackiston's line,
- relation to fishes, i, 257
- black-jack, ii, 276
- black nohu,
- figure of, i, 180; ii, 436
- stinging spines of, i, 180
- black-nosed dace,
- figure of, i, 342; ii, 164
- parasites on, i, 342
- black rockfish, ii, 429
- black ruff, ii, 284
- black sea-bass, ii, 329
- black-sided darter,
- figure of, ii, 311
- blacksmith, ii, 381
- black-spotted sailor's choice, ii, 341
- black-spotted trout, ii, 95
- black swallower,
- figure of, i, 29; ii, 360
- black tai, ii, 344
- black will, ii, 328
- black wrasse, ii, 387
- Blainville, i, 400
- on Palæoniscum, ii, 14
- Blake, i, 60, 408
- Blanchard, i, 412
- blanquillos, ii, 361, 362
- blastoderm, i, 135
- blastomeres, i, 135
- blastopore, i, 138
- blastula, i, 131, 132
- bleak, ii, 163, 167
- Bleeker, i, 376, 412, 414
- Bleekeria, ii, 521
- Bleekeriidæ, ii, 522
- Blenniidæ, i, 208, 276, 290; ii, 506-531
- Blennioidea, ii, 470
- Blennius, i, 208, 391; ii, 511, 513
- Blennius,
- figure of, i, 508
- blenny, i, 209, 230, 290, 429; ii, 507-531
- Blepsias,
- figure of, ii, 448
- blind Brotula,
- figure of, i, 222
- blind catfish, ii, 181
- blind cavefish,
- figure of, i, 116; ii, 202
- blindfish, i, 290; ii, 202, 524
- blindfish of Mammoth Cave, ii, 202, 203
- Eigenmann on, i, 221, 222
- figure of, i, 221
- blind goby, ii, 467
- blob, ii, 444
- Bloch, i, 389, 397
- Blochiidæ, ii, 514
- Blochius,
- figure of, ii, 514
- Blossom, the, i, 408
- blue-back, ii, 71, 73-76
- blue-back salmon, ii, 68, 69
- blue-breasted darter, i, 231; ii, 314
- figure of, i, 231
- blue cod, ii, 440
- bluefin, ii, 66
- bluefin cisco,
- figure of, ii, 66
- bluefish, ii, 278, 354
- bluegill,
- figure of, ii, 300
- blue-green sunfish, i, 26
- figure of, i, 27; ii, 350
- blue parrot-fish, ii, 396
- blue sharks, i, 534, 542
- blue smelt,
- figure of, ii, 218
- blue-spotted guativere, ii, 324
- blue surf-fish, ii, 375
- blue tang, ii, 408
- figure of, ii, 407
- Blyth, i, 396
- boarfishes, ii, 135, 398
- bobo,
- figure of, ii, 222
- boccaccio, ii, 429
- Bocage, i, 414
- Bocourt, i, 412
- Bodianus, i, 207, 271; ii, 388
- boga, ii, 347, 348
- Bogoslovius, ii, 541
- Bohr, i, 97
- Boleophthalmus, ii, 465
- figure of, i, 118; ii, 466
- Boleosoma, i, 302; ii, 313
- Bollman, i, 420
- Boltenia, i, 475
- Bombay-duck, ii, 131
- bonaci-arará, ii, 325
- bonaci-cardenal, ii, 325
- Bonaparte, i, 412
- bones of the fish,
- actinosts, i, 42
- alisphenoid, i, 38, 39, 40, 53
- anal fin, i, 48
- angular, i, 42, 43, 54
- articular, i, 42, 43, 54
- basibranchial, i, 46
- basihyal, i, 42, 45
- basioccipital, i, 36, 38, 39, 40, 53
- basisphenoid, i, 36, 38, 39, 53
- branchiostegals, i, 42, 45
- carpals, i, 51
- of anglers, i, 51
- caudal fin, i, 48
- caudal vertebræ, i, 48
- ceratobranchial, i, 46
- ceratohyal, i, 42, 45
- clavicle, i, 42, 50, 52
- figured, i, 52
- coracoid, i, 50, 51
- of cranium, i, 39
- dentary, i, 42, 43, 54
- dorsal fin, i, 48
- epihyal, i, 42, 45
- epibranchial, i, 46
- epioccipital, i, 36
- epiotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
- epipleurals, i, 48
- ethmoid, i, 36, 37, 53
- exoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
- frontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- glossihyal, i, 42
- hæmal spine, i, 48
- hæmaphysis, i, 48
- hyoid arch, i, 42
- hyomandibular, i, 42, 44, 54
- hypercoracoid, i, 42, 52
- hypobranchial, i, 46
- hypocoracoid, i, 42, 43, 52
- hypural, i, 48, 49
- infraclavicle, i, 51
- interclavicle, i, 51
- interhæmals, i, 49
- interhyal, i, 42, 45
- interneural, i, 48
- interopercle, i, 42, 45, 54
- interspinals, i, 49
- isthmus, i, 45
- maxillary, i, 41, 42
- mesopterygoid, i, 41, 42
- metapterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54
- nasal, i, 42, 53
- neural spine, i, 48
- neuropophysis, i, 48
- opercle, i, 42, 54
- opisthotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40
- palatine, i, 41, 42, 54
- parapophysis, i, 48
- parietal, i, 36, 37, 39, 40, 53
- parsasphenoid, i, 36, 38, 53
- pectoral fin, i, 42
- pelvic girdle, i, 42
- pharyngeals, i, 46, 47
- figure of, i, 47
- lower, i, 46
- suspensory, i, 46
- upper, i, 46
- postclavicle, i, 42, 51
- figured, i, 52
- postero-temporal, i, 50
- post-temporal, i, 42, 52
- prefrontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- premaxillary, i, 42
- preopercle, i, 42, 54
- preorbital, i, 41, 42
- prootic, i, 36, 38, 53
- proscapula, i, 50
- pterotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
- pterygials, i, 51
- pterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54
- quadrate, i, 42, 43, 54
- ribs, i, 48
- scapula, i, 50
- shoulder-girdle, i, 42, 50, 51, 52
- sphenotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- subopercle, i, 42, 54
- suborbital, i, 42
- supraclavicle, i, 42, 50
- supraoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- suprascapula, i, 50
- supratemporal, i, 42, 50
- figured, i, 51
- symplectic, i, 42, 54
- urohyal, i, 42, 54
- ventral fin, i, 42
- vomer, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
- zygapophysis, i, 48
- bonito, ii, 264
- bonnaterre, i, 397
- bony fish, i, 204, 454, 506; ii, 37
- bony scales, i, 21
- Boops, i, 260, 267; ii, 348, 350
- Borassus, ii, 367
- Borelli, i, 390
- on air-bladder, i, 95
- Boreogadus, ii, 537
- botolism, i, 183
- Bothinæ, ii, 487
- Bothriocephalus, i, 345
- Bothriolepis, i, 577
- Bothus, ii, 486
- Botryllidæ, i, 476
- Botryllus, i, 476; ii, 545
- figure of, i, 477, 478, 479
- bottle-nosed chimæra,
- eggs of, figured, i, 127
- Bougainville, i, 395
- Boulenger, i, 360, 364, 370, 414, 428, 513, 600, 601, 606, 608, 609; ii, 41, 48, 128, 129, 136, 138, 158, 190, 485, 502, 522, 551
- Bovichthyidæ, ii, 502
- bowfin, i, 290, 440; ii, 33, 34
- figure of, ii, 35
- tail of, figured, i, 82
- Bowring,
- on noises by fishes, i, 168
- Brachydirus, i, 590
- Brachyistius, ii, 375
- Brachymystax, ii, 62, 67
- brain,
- of chimæra, i, 410, 411
- figures of, i, 110, 111
- Günther on, i, 109
- in hagfish, i, 112
- of lamprey, i, 112
- of perch, i, 111
- of pike, i, 109
- of primitive fishes, i, 112
- reflex action of, i, 153
- of shark, i, 110, 111
- Brama, ii, 135, 286
- Bramidæ, ii, 291
- family of, ii, 286
- branch herring, ii, 49
- branchial bones, i, 46
- Branchiostegi, i, 391
- Branchiostoma, i, 34, 35, 120, 383, 483
- eggs of, i, 131
- figure of, i, 484
- Branchiostomidæ, i, 484
- Brandt, i, 412
- Branner, i, 415
- Brayton, i, 420
- bream, ii, 163, 167
- Bregmaceros, ii, 524
- Bregmacerotidæ, ii, 524
- Brevoort, i, 416
- Brevoortia, ii, 51
- figure of, i, 340; ii, 51
- brit, ii, 216, 217
- broad-shad, ii, 347
- broad-soles, ii, 495
- Brongniart, i, 427, 428
- brook lamprey,
- figure of, i, 120, 505
- larva of, figured, i, 492
- mouth of, figured, i, 492
- Brooks,
- on Appendicularia, i, 480
- brook trout, ii, 99, 107, 108, 110, 113, 115
- figure of, ii, 111
- Brosme, ii, 539
- Brosmius, ii, 539
- Brosmophycis, ii, 524
- Brotula,
- Brotulidæ, i, 314; ii, 523, 533
- Brotulids, ii, 39, 524
- Broussonet, i, 396
- Brown, i, 426
- Browne, i, 389
- brown tang,
- figure of, i, 181; ii, 408
- Brünnich, i, 394
- Bryactinus, i, 565
- Brycon,
- figure of, ii, 162
- Bryostemma,
- Bryttosus, i, 256; ii, 297, 320
- buccal cirri, i, 595
- Buchanan,
- on hunting of Chaca, i, 170
- Buckland, i, 423
- Bucklandium, ii, 186
- budai, ii, 390
- buffalo-cod, ii, 440
- Buffalo Creek, i, 309
- buffalo-fish, ii, 160, 172
- figure of, ii, 173
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 51
- buffalo sculpin,
- figure of, ii, 443
- bulbus arteriosus, ii, 10, 11
- bullhead, i, 356
- bullhead shark,
- figure of, i, 526
- bumpers, ii, 276
- Bunocephalidæ, ii, 184
- burbot, i, 209; ii, 538
- figure of, ii, 539
- Bürger, i, 414
- butter-fish, ii, 283, 284, 324, 512
- butterfly fish, i, 440; ii, 381
- figure of, i, 143; ii, 402
- butterfly ray, i, 556
- butterfly sculpin,
- figure of, i, 288
- caballerote, ii, 335
- cabezon, ii, 442
- cabra mora,
- figure of, i, 20
- cabrilla, ii, 324, 328, 329
- cachucho,
- figure of, ii, 337
- Cælorhynchus,
- figure of, ii, 541
- Cæsio, ii, 342
- cagon de le alto, ii, 337
- cají, ii, 336
- Calamoichthys, i, 76, 89, 608
- Calamostoma, ii, 236
- Calamus, i, 49, 238; ii, 344
- calico-bass, ii, 297
- calico-salmon, ii, 72
- California lancelet,
- figure of, i, 484
- California miller's thumb,
- figure of, ii, 446
- California hake,
- figure of, ii, 540
- California pampano, ii, 283
- California sucker,
- figure of, ii, 174
- Callbreath,
- on running of salmon, ii, 86
- Callechelys, ii, 150
- Callichthyidæ, ii, 185
- Callichthys, i, 290
- calling the fishes, i, 167, 168
- in Indian temples, i, 167
- in basins of Tuileries, i, 167
- Callionymidæ, ii, 506
- Callionymus, i, 246, 257, 259, 263, 393, 500, 504
- Callipterygidæ, ii, 501
- Callipteryx, ii, 501
- Calliurus, i, 302
- Callorhynchus, i, 565, 566
- egg of figured, i, 127
- Callorhinus, ii, 537
- Calotomus, ii, 390, 391
- Camper, i, 389
- Campostoma, ii, 164
- figure of, i, 33; ii, 167
- Campyloprion, i, 529
- candil, ii, 255
- candle-fish, ii, 124
- Canestrini, i, 412
- Canobius, ii, 14
- Canthidermis, ii, 413
- Canthigaster, i, 206
- Cantor, i, 416
- on fighting-fish, i, 163
- Cape of Good Hope,
- as barrier, i, 269
- capelin,
- figure of, ii, 126
- capello, i, 414
- capitaine,
- figure of, ii, 387
- Capros, ii, 135, 398, 400
- Caracanthidæ, ii, 438
- Carangidæ, i, 144, 149, 210; ii, 15, 278, 470
- family of, ii, 272
- Carangopsis, ii, 278
- Carangus, i, 169, 324; ii, 275, 276, 285
- Carapidæ, ii, 522
- Caraproctus, ii, 455
- Carapus, ii, 520, 522
- Carassius, ii, 171
- figure of, i, 151
- Caranx, ii, 245, 275, 470, 542
- Carboniferous,
- fishes, i, 437
- sharks, i, 224
- Carcharias, i, 447, 534, 543; ii, 468
- figure of, i, 542
- Carchariidæ, i, 532, 534, 540, 542, 543
- carcharioid sharks, i, 540
- Carcharodon, i, 538
- Carcharopsis, i, 522
- cardenal, ii, 316
- cardiform teeth, i, 29
- cardinal fishes, the, ii, 316
- cardinal vein, i, 108
- Carencheli, ii, 140, 153, 155
- caribe,
- Günther on, ii, 161
- carnivorous fishes, i, 29
- carp, i, 21, 53, 93, 290; ii, 162, 164
- Carpiodes, i, 302
- figure of, ii, 173
- carp-sucker,
- figure of, ii, 173
- carrying eggs in mouth, i, 170-173
- by catfish, i, 170
- casabe, ii, 276
- Cassiquiare,
- Branner on, i, 307
- crossing by fishes, i, 307
- Castelnau, i, 415
- Castour, i, 396
- Castro,
- photograph by, ii, 522
- catadromous fishes, i, 162, 291; ii, 143
- Catalina flying-fish,
- figure of, ii, 214
- catalineta, ii, 341
- Catalogue,
- of Panama fishes, i, 272
- catalufa de lo alto,
- figure of, ii, 289
- catalufa, ii, 288, 333
- figure of, ii, 331
- Catesby, i, 389
- catfish, i, 4, 20, 53, 119, 122,128, 169, 290, 440; ii, 159, 160, 177-187
- African, ii, 185
- channel, ii, 179
- clavicle in, i, 87
- Cope on, i, 180
- descent from, ii, 186
- destroyed by lampreys, i, 357
- electric, ii, 183
- electric, figured, i, 186
- fossil, ii, 186
- of India, ii, 184
- Japanese, ii, 183
- Old World, ii, 182
- poison glands of, i, 180
- poison spine of, i, 179
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 86
- spines of, i, 179
- transfer to Sacramento, i, 310
- Catopteridæ, ii, 16
- Catopterus, ii, 16
- Catostomidæ, i, 46, 290; ii, 172, 175
- family of, ii, 171
- figure of, i, 315
- Catostomus, i, 198, 283, 302, 304, 316, 346; ii, 56
- cat shark, i, 533
- Catulus, i, 533
- caudal fin, i, 10
- caudal lancet, ii, 409
- Caularchus,
- figure of, i, 198, 531
- Caulolatilus, ii, 362
- Caulolepis, ii, 252, 253
- Caulophryne,
- figure of, i, 276, 548
- causes of dispersion, i, 318
- cavalla, ii, 266, 272-292
- cavefish, ii, 201, 523, 524
- Eigenmann on, ii, 524
- figure of, i, 117
- Cebedichthys, ii, 512
- Centaurus,
- larva of figured, i, 143
- centers of distribution, i, 244
- Centrarchidæ, i, 209, 232, 290; ii, 304, 320, 327, 380
- family of, ii, 297
- Centrarchus, i, 302; ii, 297
- Centriscidæ, ii, 227, 235
- family of, ii, 234
- Centriscus, i, 393; ii, 235
- Centrogenys, ii, 320
- Centrolepis, ii, 14
- Centrolophiidæ, ii, 283
- Centrolophius, i, 260; ii, 286
- Centrophoroides, i, 546
- Centrophorus, i, 546
- Centropomidæ, ii, 319
- Centropomus, i, 271, 273; ii, 309
- figure of, i, 324; ii, 319
- Centropristes, i, 136; ii, 328, 329
- eggs of, figured, i, 135
- Centroscymnus, i, 546
- Centrolabrus, ii, 387
- Cephalacanthidæ, i, 208
- family of, ii, 458
- Cephalacanthus, ii, 458
- figure of, ii, 456
- Cephalaspidæ, i, 576, 623
- Cephalaspis, i, 444, 569, 571
- figure of, i, 576, 577, 579
- Cephalopholis, ii, 324, 325
- Cephaloscyllium, i, 197
- Cepola, i, 260, 264, 393; ii, 363
- Cepolidæ, the, ii, 363
- Ceratacanthus, ii, 414
- Ceratias,
- figure of, ii, 548
- Ceratiidæ, i, 276
- Ceratobatis, i, 560
- Ceratocottus, ii, 443
- Ceratodontidæ, i, 600, 612
- family of, i, 613
- Ceratodus, i, 77, 85, 613-616
- Ceratoscopelus,
- figure of, ii, 133
- Ceratiidæ, ii, 547-549
- Cerdale, i, 271
- Cerdalidæ, ii, 516
- cestodes, i, 344
- Cestraciont shark, i, 526, 527, 530
- Eastman on, i, 529
- teeth, figured, i, 527
- Cestraciontes, i, 438, 519, 566
- Eastman on, i, 529
- families of, i, 528
- suborder of, i, 526
- teeth of figured, i, 527, 529
- Cetomimidæ, ii, 132
- Cetomimus,
- figure of, ii, 132
- Cetorhinus,
- figure of, i, 540
- Cetorhinidæ,
- family of, i, 539
- Cette, i, 396
- Chaca, i, 170
- Chacidæ, ii, 184
- Chænobryttus, i, 302; ii, 300
- Chætobranchus, ii, 381
- Chætodipterus,
- figure of, i, 325, 401
- Chætodon, i, 235, 242, 267, 391; ii, 400, 403, 405, 406
- figure of, i, 143; ii, 402
- Chætodontidæ, i, 206; ii, 245, 291, 381, 398, 402, 404, 405
- Chætodonts, ii, 247
- Chalacodus, i, 566
- Challenger, the, ii, 60, 130
- Champsodon, ii, 361
- Champsodontidæ, ii, 361
- Chanos, i, 205; ii, 221
- figure of, ii, 45
- Chanidæ,
- family of, ii, 44
- Channa,
- figure of, ii, 370
- channel bass, ii, 355
- channel catfish,
- figure of, i, 280
- channel-cats, the, ii, 179, 182
- Channomuræna, ii, 153
- Chanoides, ii, 44
- Chapala Lake,
- fishes of, ii, 216
- Characidæ, ii, 161, 162
- Characin, i, 290
- Characinidæ, i, 205, 290; ii, 381
- Characins, ii, 61, 160-162, 186
- Characodon, ii, 201
- characters,
- of Elasmobranchs, i, 507
- of species, i, 292
- Charitosomus, ii, 56
- charr, ii, 67, 99, 107, 114, 122
- Charlevoix, ii, 64
- Chasmistes, i, 304, 316; ii, 172
- Chasmodes, ii, 509
- Chauliodontidæ, ii, 129
- Chauliodus,
- figure of, ii, 129
- Chaunax, ii, 551
- Cheilio, ii, 390
- Cheilinus, ii, 390
- Cheilodipteridæ,
- family of, ii, 278
- Cheilodipterus, ii, 278
- figure of, ii, 279
- Cheiracanthus, i, 517
- Cheirodopsis, ii, 15
- Cheirodus, ii, 14
- Cheirolepis, ii, 14
- Chelidonichthys, i, 260; ii, 456
- Chelmo, ii, 404
- Chelonichthyidæ, i, 586
- Chelonopsis, ii, 425
- Chonerhinus, ii, 419
- cherna, ii, 324
- chevron, ii, 89
- chiasma, ii, 4
- Chiasmodon, ii, 136
- figure of, i, 29; ii, 360
- Chiasmodontidæ, ii, 215, 360
- Chilobranchidæ, ii, 141
- Chilomycterus,
- figure of, ii, 423
- Chiloscyllium, i, 56, 533
- pectoral fin of, i, 66
- Chimæra, i, 23, 35, 85, 204, 393, 435, 437, 448, 507, 509, 512-514, 545, 561-567, 595, 610
- of California, i, 564
- Dean on, i, 563
- figure of, i, 449, 564, 565
- Parker on, i, 563
- Chimæridæ,
- family of, i, 564
- Chimæroids, i, 224, 583
- Chimæropsis, i, 566
- China fish,
- snake-headed, ii, 371
- Chinese whitebait, ii, 127, 128
- chinook, ii, 69
- chirivita, ii, 405
- Chirocentridæ, ii, 46
- Chirocentrus, ii, 46, 48
- Chirolophis, ii, 512
- Chiropterygium, i, 600, 605
- Chirostoma,
- figure of, i, 329; ii, 217
- Chirothricidæ, ii, 133
- Chirothrix,
- chisel-mouth, ii, 169
- Chlamydoselachidæ,
- family of, i, 525
- Chlamydoselachus, i, 361, 447, 448, 509, 521, 536
- figure of, i, 523
- Chlarias, i, 98, 290; ii, 186, 187
- figure of, i, 457; ii, 185
- Chlariidæ, ii, 184, 185
- Chlevastes, ii, 150
- figure of, i, 232
- Chloropthalmus, i, 260; ii, 130
- Chloroscombrus, ii, 276
- chochouwo, ii, 403
- chogset, ii, 387
- Chologaster, i, 203, 204, 223
- Chondrenchelys, i, 521
- Chondropterygians, i, 508
- Chondropterygii, i, 391
- Chondrostei, i, 623, 624; ii, 2, 5, 13
- order of, ii, 17
- Chondrosteidæ, ii, 17, 18
- Chondrosteus, i, 622
- Chonerhinidæ, ii, 419
- Chopa, ii, 344, 350
- figure of, ii, 349
- Chordata, i, 460
- Chordate animals, i, 460
- lowest forms figured, i, 465
- Chordates, i, 508, 584, 597; ii, 1
- Chorisochismus, ii, 531
- Chriodorus, ii, 212
- Chromides,
- suborder of, ii, 380
- Chromis, i, 166; ii, 381
- Chrondrosteus,
- figure of, ii, 18
- Chrosomus, i, 304; ii, 164, 167
- chub, ii, 118, 147, 163
- chub of Great Basin,
- figure of, i, 287
- chub-mackerel, i, 94
- chub-sucker, i, 292
- figure of, i, 315; ii, 172
- chum, ii, 72
- cichla, ii, 380
- Cichlasoma, ii, 381
- cichlid, i, 290
- Cichlidæ, i, 209, 290; ii, 380, 381
- organs of smell in, i, 115
- cigar-fish, ii, 274
- ciguatera, i, 182-185; ii, 335, 411, 413
- Cimolichthys, ii, 133
- Ciona, i, 481
- Cirrhilabrus, ii, 390
- Cirrhitidæ, the, ii, 363, 426
- Cirrhitus, i, 271
- figure of, ii, 364
- Cirrostomi, i, 482, 595
- cisco, ii, 65
- Citharichthys, i, 274; ii, 489
- Citharinus, ii, 162
- Citula, i, 202; ii, 276
- Cladistia, i, 602
- order of, i, 605
- Cladodontidæ, i, 520, 522
- Cladodus, i, 65, 80, 437
- pectoral fin of, i, 521
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 521
- teeth of, figured, i, 522
- Cladoselache, i, 64, 66, 79, 80, 437, 446, 448, 510, 571, 573, 623
- Dean on, i, 518
- figure of, i, 65, 514, 515
- primitive character of, i, 514
- teeth of, figured, i, 515
- ventral view of, i, 515
- Cladoselachidæ, i, 514
- family of, i, 523
- clam-cracker, i, 556
- Clark,
- on eulachon, ii, 125
- Clarke, i, 416
- claspers, i, 124, 125
- classification,
- Coues on, i, 370
- of Elasmobranchs, i, 509, 510
- of fishes, i, 367-386
- of instincts, i, 154
- morphological, i, 371
- natural, i, 370
- terms used in, i, 462
- Clastes,
- Eastman on, ii, 32
- Clavellinidæ, i, 475
- clavicle,
- figure of, i, 87
- of sea catfish, i, 87
- Claypole, i, 426
- portrait of, i, 409
- cleavages, i, 135
- Clepticus, ii, 388
- Clidoderma, ii, 494
- Climatius, i, 446
- figure of, i, 518
- climbing-fish, ii, 367
- climbing-perch,
- figure of, ii, 366
- clingfish, ii, 529
- Clinocottus, ii, 448
- Clinton, ii, 64
- Clinus, i, 208; ii, 507, 511, 513, 516
- Cloquet, i, 397
- Cloudy Bay cod, ii, 520
- Clupanodon, ii, 53
- Clupea, i, 204, 329, 391
- figure of, i, 331, ii, 49
- Clupeidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, 49, 52, 53
- clupeiform, ii, 11
- clupeoid, ii, 10
- Clupeidea, the, ii, 41
- coalfish, i, 209; ii; 438, 537
- Coal measures,
- fishes of, i, 223
- teeth found in, i, 65
- Costa, i, 412
- coast lines,
- effect on distribution, i, 248
- cobbler-fish, ii, 276
- cobia, ii, 282
- Cobitidæ, ii, 175, 185
- Cobitis, i, 391; ii, 176
- Cobitopsidæ,
- family of, ii, 224
- Cobitopsis,
- figure of, ii, 224
- Coccoderma, i, 605
- Coccosteans, i, 581
- Coccosteidæ, i, 622, 623, 584, 586
- Coccosteus, i, 583, 584, 587, 590, 593, 596, 623
- figure of, i, 582
- cochino, ii, 413
- Cochliodontidæ, i, 530
- family of, i, 531
- Cochliodus,
- lower jaw figured, i, 531
- cock-and-hen paddle, ii, 453
- cock-of-palace-under-sea, ii, 472
- cockeye pilot,
- figure of, ii, 382
- Coccolepis, ii, 14
- cod, ii, 51
- codfish, i, 122, 128, 290; ii, 481, 501, 532, 533
- codling, ii, 538
- Cœlacanthidæ, i, 605
- Cœlacanthus,
- figure of, i, 604
- Cœlolepia, i, 573
- Cœlodus, ii, 22
- Cœlolepidæ, i, 573
- coho, ii, 72
- collection of fishes, i, 429-434
- by explosives, i, 430
- by poison, i, 430
- tackle for, i, 430
- Collett, i, 408, 427
- portrait of, i, 403
- Collie, i, 564
- Collins,
- Cololabis, ii, 212
- Colocephali, ii, 140-142, 153
- suborder of, ii, 152
- Colomesus, ii, 421
- Colorado trout,
- figure of, ii, 106
- colors of fishes, i, 226-236
- of coral-fishes, i, 235
- fading of, in spirits, i, 235
- intensity of, i, 232
- nuptial, i, 230
- protective, i, 226-229
- sexual, i, 230
- variation of, i, 235
- Columbia,
- figure of, ii, 242
- Comephoridæ, the, ii, 455
- Comephorus, ii, 524
- Commerson, i, 395
- commissure, i, 112
- common eel,
- figure of, ii, 143
- common skate,
- figure of, i, 552
- common sucker,
- figure of, ii, 174
- common sunfish,
- figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, 301
- conceptions of genus, i, 375
- Conchopona, i, 613
- conclusions,
- of Cope on dispersion, i, 286
- of Evermann, i, 274
- of Hill, 277-279
- as to Isthmus of Suez, i, 269
- of Jenkins, i, 274
- conger eels, ii, 149, 151
- figure of, ii, 150
- Congiopodidæ, ii, 436
- Congiopus, ii, 436
- Congo River,
- fishes from, i, 78, 607
- Congriopus, ii, 514
- Congrogadidæ, ii, 519
- Connoly,
- on calling fishes, i, 168
- Conocara, ii, 60
- Conodontes, i, 487
- figure of, i, 488
- Conorhynchus, i, 128
- constantino, ii, 320
- Cooper, i, 419
- on long-jawed goby, ii, 463
- Cope, i, 84, 311, 419, 428, 512, 602; ii, 1, 4, 13, 24, 35, 56, 159
- Copeland, i, 420
- portrait of, i, 421
- Copelandellus, ii, 315
- Coquille, i, 408
- coracoid, i, 88, 90
- coraco-scapular, i, 87
- coral reefs,
- at Apia, figured, i, 234
- fishes of, i, 235, 297
- fish life in, i, 215
- Corax,
- teeth of, figured, i, 543
- Coregoni, ii, 67
- Coregonus, i, 291, 305, 316, 322, 391; ii, 62, 65, 439
- figure of, i, 321; ii, 63
- Coreoperca, ii, 320
- Coris, ii, 390
- cormorant-fishing, ii, 116-119
- illustrations of, i, 333, 335
- cornet-fishes, ii, 390
- family of, ii, 233
- Cornide, i, 396
- coronado, ii, 274
- corpus vestiforme, i, 112
- corsair, ii, 430
- Corvula, ii, 355
- Corynolophus, i, 189; ii, 549
- figure of, i, 188
- luminous bulb in, i, 188
- Coryphæna, i, 210, 391
- figure of, ii, 287
- Coryphænidæ,
- family of, ii, 286
- Coryphænoides,
- figure of, i, 83; ii, 541
- leptocercal, tail of, i, 83
- Coryphopterus, ii, 462
- Corythroichthys, ii, 236
- Costa, i, 412
- Cottidæ, i, 208, 290; ii, 363, 442, 449, 453, 455, 501, 504, 525
- family of, i, 441
- fossil forms, i, 449
- Cottocomephorus, ii, 525
- Cottogaster, i, 300
- Cottunculus, i, 219; ii, 441, 447, 449
- Cottus, i, 169, 219, 312, 391; ii, 443, 445, 449
- Couch, i, 410
- on fighting-fish, i, 165
- on skippers, ii, 21
- Coues,
- on classification, i, 368
- on meaning of species, i, 379
- on synonymy, i, 374
- cowfish,
- cow's tongue, ii, 497
- crab-eater, ii, 282
- Cragin, i, 171
- craig-fluke, ii, 494
- Cramer, i, 408, 420, 422
- cramp-fishes, i, 554
- cranial nerves,
- figure of, i, 111
- Craniomi,
- suborder of, ii, 456
- Craniotes, i, 588
- cranium,
- bones of, i, 36-39
- inferior view, i, 38
- lateral view, i, 36
- posterior view, i, 40
- of Roccus, figured, i, 36-39
- of Sebastolobus, i, 53
- superior view, i, 37
- crappie, ii, 168, 297
- Cratinus, i, 271
- cravo, ii, 244
- crawl-a-bottom, ii, 312
- crayfish, ii, 147
- creek fish,
- figure of, i, 315; ii, 172
- Crenilabrus, i, 207, 260, 267; ii, 387
- creole-fish, ii, 328, 329
- Crescent lake trout, ii, 101
- Cricodus, i, 603
- Cristiceps, i, 208; ii, 508, 513
- Cristivomer, i, 291; ii, 62, 115
- figure of, ii, 114
- croaker, ii, 353, 355
- Cromeriidæ, ii, 56
- cross-bow shooter, ii, 413
- Crossognathidæ, ii, 215, 521
- family of, ii, 224
- Crossopholis, ii, 21
- Crossopterygians, i, 78, 79, 89, 91, 204, 436, 457, 511-515, 591, 602, 623, 624; ii, 38
- figure of, i, 451
- fins of, i, 601
- Crossopterygii, i, 382, 462, 599, 600, 601, 608
- crustacean parasites, i, 340
- Cryptacanthididæ, ii, 516
- Cryptacanthodes,
- figure of, i, 516
- Cryptocentrus, i, 264; ii, 462
- Cryptopsaras,
- figure of, ii, 547
- Cryptotomus,
- figure of, ii, 391
- crystal darter,
- figure of, ii, 313
- crystal goby, ii, 466
- Crystallias,
- figure of, i, 218; ii, 454
- Crystallogobius, ii, 466
- Ctenochætus, ii, 409
- Ctenodentex, ii, 340
- Ctenodipterini,
- order of, i, 612
- Ctenodontidæ, i, 613
- Ctenodus, i, 613
- ctenoid scales, i, 20, 21; ii, 39
- Ctenoidei, ii, 39, 209
- Ctenolabrus, ii, 387
- Ctenolates, ii, 320
- Ctenoptychius, i, 555
- Ctenothrissa,
- figure of, ii, 48
- Ctenothrissidæ,
- figure of, ii, 48
- cuatro ojos, ii, 194
- Cuban fishes, i, 314
- cubero, ii, 335
- cuboid, i, 19
- cub-shark,
- figure of, i, 542
- cuckold, ii, 417
- figure of, i, 373; ii, 416
- cucugo, ii, 413
- cultus cod, ii, 442
- figure of, ii, 440
- Cunias, i, 541
- cunner, ii, 387
- Cunningham,
- on eye of flounder, i, 176
- Curimatus, ii, 162
- cusk-eel, i, 187, 314; ii, 539
- figure of, ii, 520
- cutlass-fishes, i, 149, 210; ii, 267
- cutthroat trout, ii, 95-97, 102, 104, 106
- Cuvier, i, 103, 105, 400, 404, 428; ii, 39, 307
- Günther on, i, 400
- Lyman on, i, 401
- portrait of, i, 399
- Cycleptus, ii, 173
- Cycliæ, i, 204, 437, 462, 592, 593
- subclass of, i, 591
- Cyclobatis, i, 557
- Cycloganoidei, ii, 34
- cycloid scales, i, 20, 22; ii, 39
- Cycloidei, ii, 39
- Cyclopterichthys, ii, 454
- Cyclopteridæ, i, 198, 208
- family of, ii, 453
- Cyclopterus, i, 391; ii, 453, 455
- figure of, i, 220; ii, 454
- Cyclospondyli, i, 510, 543
- order of, i, 545
- cyclospondylous, i, 49
- cyclospondylous sharks, i, 549
- Cyclostomata, i, 593
- Cyclostomes, i, 113, 443, 486-505, 570, 596, 592, 617
- extinct forms, i, 487
- Cyclostomi, i, 462, 584
- Cyclothone, ii, 129
- Cyclurus, ii, 36
- Cymatogaster, ii, 376
- figure of, i, 125; ii, 372
- Cymolutes, ii, 390
- Cymothoa, i, 340
- Cynoglossinæ, ii, 497
- Cynoglossus, ii, 497
- Cynoscion, i, 94, 324; ii, 107
- figure of, ii, 353
- Cynthia,
- figure of, i, 476
- Cynthiidæ, i, 475
- Cyprinidæ, i, 33, 46, 205, 230, 251, 285, 287, 290, 406; ii, 65, 161, 162, 164-171
- Cyprinodon, ii, 198, 201
- figure of, ii, 196
- Cyprinodontes, ii, 194
- Cyprinodontidæ, i, 290
- Cyprinus, i, 391; ii, 170, 174
- Cypselurus, ii, 213
- figure of, i, 157, 440
- Cyrthaspis, i, 575
- Cyttoides, ii, 249
- Cyttus, ii, 249
- dabonawa, i, 430
- dace, i, 251; ii, 118, 162, 166, 168
- Dactylagnus, ii, 506
- Dactyloscopidæ, ii, 506
- Dactyloscopus, ii, 506
- daddy sculpin, ii, 445
- Dalatias, i, 546
- Dalatiidæ, i, 548
- Daldorf,
- on capture of Anabas, i, 163
- on climbing-fish, ii, 367
- Dale, ii, 539
- Dallia, i, 51
- figure of, i, 149; ii, 206
- Dalliidæ, i, 290; ii, 206
- Damalichthys,
- figure of, ii, 374
- damsel-fish, ii, 381
- figure of, ii, 382
- Dapediidæ, ii, 25
- Dapedium,
- figure of, ii, 25
- Dapedoglossus, ii, 56
- darters, i, 209, 231, 300, 304; ii, 166, 306, 310-315
- darter goby,
- figure of, ii, 462
- Darwin, i, 408
- on noises of catfish, i, 168
- daruma-okose, ii, 436
- Dasyatidæ,
- family of, i, 555
- Dasyatis,
- figure of, i, 247, 556
- Dasyscopelus, ii, 133
- Davis, H. S., ii, 81, 84
- on chinook salmon, ii, 85
- Davis, J. W., i, 426
- on fossil teeth, i, 525
- Dawson, i, 427, 594
- Day, i, 416; ii, 90, 92, 95
- day chub,
- head of, figured, ii, 167
- dealfish, ii, 477, 480
- figure of, ii, 478
- Dean, i, 512, 591, 594, 595
- on Acanthodei, i, 517, 518
- on Arthrodira, i, 518, 588
- on Chimæras, i, 563
- on fin migration, i, 75
- on fossil forms, i, 422
- on lateral line, i, 23
- on lung-fish, i, 618
- on Ostracophores, i, 571
- portrait of, i, 417
- on sharks, i, 511, 531
- on Teleosts, i, 135
- Deania, i, 546
- deathfish, i, 183
- Death Valley fish,
- figure of, ii, 199
- Decapterus, ii, 274
- decurrent flounder,
- figure of, i, 441
- deep-sea angler,
- figure of, ii, 548
- deep-sea Chimæra,
- figure of, i, 449
- deep-sea fishes, i, 246, 247, 408; ii, 129
- degenerate fishes, i, 210, 211, 216, 218
- degeneration,
- of eye, i, 220
- in fishes, i, 54
- in lamprey, i, 217
- of structure, i, 216
- in tunicates, i, 480
- Delaroche, i, 95
- Dekay, i, 418
- Delfin,
- on hagfishes, i, 489
- Deltistes, ii, 172
- Deltodus, i, 531
- Dendrodus, i, 603
- dentary, i, 606
- Dentex, i, 94; ii, 338, 340
- Dercetes, ii, 136
- Dercetidæ, ii, 136, 137, 158
- Derepodichthyidæ, ii, 520
- Derichthyidæ, ii, 155
- Derichthys, ii, 153
- figure of, ii, 156
- Dermopteri, i, 486
- Desmarest, i, 396
- development, i, 217
- of bony fishes, i, 135
- Dean on, i, 135
- embryonic, i, 133
- of flounders, i, 144
- heredity in, i, 134
- of horsehead-fish, i, 148
- of paired fins, i, 66
- devil ray,
- figure of, i, 559
- De Vis, i, 416
- Devonian,
- fishes, i, 436
- lamprey, i, 563
- sharks from, i, 65
- Diabasis, i, 375
- diablo, ii, 552
- Dialarchus, ii, 448
- Dialommus, i, 117
- diamond,
- Diaphus, ii, 133
- figure of, ii, 132
- Dibothrium, 345
- figure of, ii, 103
- Dibranchus, i, 207; ii, 552
- Dicentrodus, i, 522
- Dicentrarchus, i, 324; ii, 321, 330
- dichotomous rays, i, 596
- Dicranodus, i, 521
- Dictyorhabdidæ, i, 565
- Dictyorhabdus, i, 435, 565, 578
- Dictyopyge, ii, 16
- Dictyopygidæ, ii, 14
- Dictyosoma, 512
- Didemnidæ, i, 477
- Didymaspis, i, 576
- Didymodus, i, 521, 525
- Dinematichthys, ii, 524
- Dinichthyidæ, i, 587
- Dinichthys, i, 587, 589
- figure of, i, 445, 584
- jaws of figured, i, 583
- Diodon, i, 273, 393, 394
- figure of, i, 17; ii, 422
- Diodontidæ,
- family of, ii, 422
- diœcious fishes, i, 124
- diphycercal tail, i, 49, 81, 83, 84, 507, 513, 516, 598
- Boulenger on, i, 84
- Dollo on, i, 84
- Diplacanthidæ, i, 517, 518
- Diplacanthus,
- figure of, i, 517
- Diplectrum, ii, 329
- Diplesion,
- figure of, i, 247; ii, 312
- Diplodus, ii, 347
- figure of, ii, 346
- Diplognathus, i, 584, 589
- Diplomystes, ii, 178
- Diplomystidæ, ii, 178
- Diplomystus,
- figure of, i, 205, 453; ii, 52
- Diploneumoni, i, 612, 619
- Diploprion, ii, 327
- Diplopterus, i, 82, 604
- Diplospondyli, i, 509, 523
- Diplurus, i, 605
- Dipneusti, i, 405, 462, 582, 599, 601, 605, 607, 622, 624; ii, 4
- relationship of, i, 609, 610
- subclass of, i, 609-622
- Dipnoans, i, 436, 512, 572, 582, 583; ii, 3, 8
- air-bladder in, i, 101
- classification of, i, 612
- ear sac in, i, 120
- figure of, i, 449
- pectoral fin in, i, 60
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 86, 88
- Dipnoi, i, 77, 85, 89, 382
- Diptera, ii, 306
- Dipteridæ, i, 612
- Dipterus, i, 612
- figure of, i, 437, 449
- Discobatis, i, 553
- Discocephali, ii, 459-480
- diseases of fishes, i, 340-358
- contagious, i, 340
- parasitic, i, 342
- remedies for, i, 342
- Dismal Swamp fish,
- figure of, i, 116; ii, 201
- dispersion of fishes,
- Agassiz on, i, 284
- barriers to, i, 297, 310, 311
- causes of, i, 318
- Cope on, i, 286
- by floods, i, 301
- of fresh-water fishes, 282-296
- of river fishes, 297-319
- dissection of the fish, i, 26-33
- Distomidæ, i, 477
- distribution of fishes,
- affected by coast line, i, 247, 261
- agency of currents in, i, 242
- centers of, i, 243
- determined by temperature, i, 241
- of fresh-water forms, i, 249
- general laws of, i, 238
- of marine forms, i, 245
- Panama, barrier to, i, 266
- of shore fishes, i, 263-265
- Suez, barrier to, i, 266
- zones of, i, 249, 251, 252
- Ditrema, ii, 375
- Dittodus, i, 521, 525
- doctor-fish, ii, 408
- Döderlein, i, 411, 416
- dogfishes, i, 519
- figure of, i, 545
- dogoro, ii, 381
- dog salmon, ii, 71-73, 80, 81
- dog snapper, ii, 336
- Dolichoglossus, i, 463
- Doliolum, i, 479
- dollar-fish, ii, 283
- Dollo, i, 415, 427, 600, 601; ii, 502
- portrait of, i, 413
- on tail forms, i, 84
- Dolloa, ii, 541
- Dolly Varden trout, i, 305; ii, 112, 113
- figure of, i, 327; ii, 114
- dolphins, i, 210; ii, 286, 362
- figure of, ii, 287
- Doncella,
- Donovan, i, 410
- dorados, ii, 286
- figure of, ii, 287
- Doras, ii, 183
- Doratonotus, ii, 388
- Dormeur,
- figure of, ii, 460
- Dormitator,
- figure of, ii, 461
- dorsal fin, i, 10, 603
- figured, i, 49
- Dorosoma, i, 32, 300
- figure of, ii, 53
- Dorosomatidæ, ii, 53
- Dorosomidæ, i, 290
- Doryichthys, ii, 236
- Dorypteridæ, ii, 14-16
- Dorypterus, ii, 15, 16
- Draciscus,
- figure of, ii, 452
- Draconetta, ii, 506
- Draconettidæ, ii, 506
- dragonets, i, 246; ii, 504
- drawing net at Milo,
- photograph of, i, 281
- Drepane, ii, 401
- Drepanaspidæ, i, 574
- Drepanaspis, i, 570
- figure of, i, 574
- Drepanidæ, ii, 401
- Drepaniodus, i, 488
- drum, i, 290
- figure of, ii, 358
- duck-billed eels, ii, 150, 151
- Ductor, ii, 278
- ducts, i, 28
- ductus cholidechus, i, 32
- Dufosse,
- on air-bladder, i, 97
- Dugès, i, 90, 420
- Dugunonutatatori, ii, 472
- Duméril, i, 398, 401
- duodenum, i, 32
- Dussumieriidæ, ii, 52
- Dussumieria, ii, 52
- Duverncy, i, 390
- Duymæria, i, 260; ii, 390
- dwarf,
- Dybowsky, i, 411
- Dynatobatis, i, 553
- Dysommidæ, ii, 150
- Dytiscus, ii, 144
- eagle ray,
- figure of, i, 558
- early writers on fishes, i, 272, 422, 423
- earliest sharks, i, 436, 443
- ear of fish, i, 119-121
- ear sac, i, 119, 120
- ear stones, i, 119
- earthquakes,
- fatal to fishes, i, 356; ii, 137
- Eastman, i, 427, 428
- on Cestraciont shark, i, 529
- on Clastes, ii, 32
- on Neoceratodus, i, 619
- portrait of, i, 425
- on teeth of Edestus, i, 530
- Ebisu, the god of fishes, ii, 344
- figure of, ii, 343
- Ebisus, ii, 323
- Echeneididæ, ii, 468, 470
- Echeneis, i, 391; ii, 468, 470, 471
- Echidna, i, 211; ii, 152, 153
- Echidnocephalus, ii, 138
- Echinorhinidæ,
- family of, i, 547
- Echinorhinus, i, 547
- Echiodon, i, 84
- economic fishes, i, 333
- ectoblast, i, 152
- ectocoracoid, i, 87
- ectoderm, i, 139
- ectopterygoid, i, 606
- Edaphodon, i, 565
- Edestus,
- teeth of, figured, i, 529
- eel-back flounder,
- figure of, ii, 494
- eel-fairs, ii, 142
- eel-like fishes, ii, 137-158
- eel-mother, ii, 144
- eel-pouts,
- eels, i, 21, 210, 217, 268, 290; ii, 40, 44, 147, 153, 157
- effects on distribution,
- of shore line, i, 262
- of temperature, i, 149
- Egerton, i, 423
- Egertonia, ii, 396
- eggs of fish,
- artificial impregnation of, i, 150
- of bottle-nosed chimæra, i, 127
- care of, i, 128
- carrying of, i, 128, 171
- of Embiotocidæ, i, 127
- embryo of, i, 128
- fertilization of, i, 125
- figures of, i, 127
- germ disk in, i, 135
- hatching of, i, 125
- of herring, i, 125
- month incubation of, i, 170, 171
- transportation of, i, 171
- Eichwald, i, 411, 427
- Eigenmann, i, 415, 420; ii, 147, 148, 376
- Eigenmannia, ii, 187
- eighteen-spined sculpin,
- figure of, ii, 447
- Ekström, i, 410
- Elacate, ii, 282, 470, 471
- Elagatis, ii, 274
- Elanura,
- figure of, ii, 444
- Elasmobranchiates, i, 384
- Elasmobranchii, i, 462, 507, 584; ii, 7
- Elasmobranchs, i, 92, 102, 204, 506-522, 571, 583, 588, 589
- characters of, i, 506-508
- classification of, i, 507-510
- ear sac in, i, 120
- geological distribution of, i, 459
- notochord in, i, 57
- subclass of, i, 507
- Elassoma, i, 290; ii, 296, 307, 467
- figure of, ii, 295
- Elassomidæ, i, 290; ii, 296
- family of, ii, 295
- elastic spring, i, 96
- Elater, i, 582
- electric catfish,
- figure of, ii, 183
- electric cells, i, 553
- electric eel, i, 186; ii, 140
- Day on, i, 170
- electric organs, i, 25, 186, 187
- electrophores, ii, 187, 188
- Electrophoridæ, ii, 187
- Electrophorus, i, 170, 186
- Eleotrids, ii, 460
- Eleotris, i, 254
- figure of, ii, 460
- Elera, i, 414
- Eleginus, ii, 537
- elephant sharks, i, 540
- figure of, i, 565
- Elliott,
- on trout, ii, 105
- Elonichthys, ii, 14
- Elopidæ, i, 43; ii, 35, 41-44
- Elopopsis, ii, 43
- Elops, i, 205, 393; ii, 43, 221
- figure of, i, 454; ii, 42
- Embiotoca, i, 404
- Embiotocidæ, i, 207, 290; ii, 373
- Agassiz on, i, 377-379
- anal fin in, i, 125
- viviparity of, i, 376, 377
- Emblemaria,
- figure of, ii, 510
- embryo, i, 136, 138, 139
- embryology and growth, i, 131-151
- Embolichthys, ii, 522
- figure of, ii, 521
- emerald-fish, ii, 462
- Emery, i, 412; ii, 480, 481
- Emmelichthys, i, 262; ii, 346, 347
- Emmydrichthys,
- figure of, i, 180; ii, 436
- Empetrichthys,
- figure of, ii, 199
- Empo, ii, 137
- Enantioliparis, ii, 455
- Enchelurus, ii, 138
- Enchelycephali, ii, 140, 141, 147, 152
- suborder of, ii, 142
- Enchelynassa, ii, 153
- Enchelyopus,
- figure of, ii, 539
- Enchodontidæ, ii, 136, 137
- Enchodus, ii, 136
- Endoskeleton, i, 439
- Enedrias, ii, 512
- Engraulididæ, ii, 54
- Engraulis, i, 205; ii, 54
- Enneacanthus, ii, 301
- Enophrys,
- figure of, ii, 443
- Enoplosidæ, ii, 317
- Enoplosus, i, 268; ii, 317
- Enteropneusta, i, 457, 461, 462
- classification of, i, 464
- entoderm, i, 138
- Entosphenus, i, 490
- entozoa, i, 348
- Eocottus, ii, 449
- Eomyrus, ii, 150
- Eopsetta, i, 205; 491
- Eothynnus, ii, 266
- Epelasmia, ii, 397, 398
- Eperlanus, ii, 123
- Ephippidæ, ii, 400
- Ephippus, i, 268; ii, 400
- epiblast, ii, 5
- Epigonichthys, i, 483
- Epigonus, ii, 317
- Epinephelus, i, 19; ii, 323, 330
- figure of, i, 20; ii, 324-326, 328
- Epiphysis, i, 112
- figure of, i, 111
- Eptatretidæ, i, 489
- Eptatretus, i, 490
- figure of, i, 198
- equatorial fishes,
- specialization of, i, 248
- equatorial zone, i, 251
- Eques, ii, 357
- Equula, ii, 287
- Erebus, i, 408
- Ereunias,
- figure of, ii, 450
- Ereuniidæ, ii, 449
- Ericymba,
- figure of, ii, 165
- Erimyzon, i, 292; ii, 175
- figure of, i, 315; ii, 172
- Eriptychius, i, 435, 603, 578
- Erisichthe, ii, 34
- Erismatopteridæ, ii, 242, 296
- Erismatopterus, ii, 243
- figure of, ii, 242
- Ernogrammus, ii, 513
- Erosa, ii, 436
- Erpetichthys, i, 204
- Erpetoichthys, i, 450
- figure of, i, 608
- Erpichthys, i, 608; ii, 510
- Erythrichthys, ii, 347
- Erythrinidæ, ii, 162
- Erythrinus, ii, 160
- escolars, ii, 267, 317
- Esmarck, i, 410
- Esmeralda, ii, 462
- esmeralda de mar,
- figure of, ii, 461
- Esocidæ, i, 290; ii, 190, 192
- Esox, i, 109, 253, 315, 327, 391; ii, 190, 194
- figure of, i, 328; ii, 192
- Etelis, i, 262; ii, 338
- figure of, ii, 337
- Etheostoma, i, 129, 283; ii, 310, 315
- figure of, i, 231; ii, 314
- Etheostominæ, i, 230, 232; ii, 166, 306, 307, 310
- ethmoid, ii, 142
- Etmopterus,
- figure of, i, 189, 546
- etrumei-iwashi, ii, 52
- Etrumeus, ii, 52
- Eucalia, ii, 232
- Eucitharus,
- figure of, ii, 488
- Eucinostomus, ii, 347
- Eugnathidæ, ii, 26
- eulachon, i, 321; ii, 19, 125, 126
- figure of, i, 320; ii, 124
- Euleptorhamphus, ii, 212
- Eumicrotremus, ii, 135
- Euphaneropidæ, i, 576
- Euphrosen, i, 396
- Eupomotis, i, 283
- figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, 301
- European chub,
- pharyngeals of, i, 48
- teeth of, figured, ii, 164
- European lancelet,
- figure of, i, 120
- European sculpin,
- figure of, i, 219
- European soles, ii, 496
- Eurylepis, ii, 14
- Eurynotus,
- figure of, ii, 15
- Eurypharyngidæ, ii, 156
- Eurypharynx, ii, 156
- Eurypholis,
- Euselachii, i, 532
- Eusthenopteron, i, 603
- Eutæniichthys,
- figure of, ii, 467
- Euthynotus, ii, 34
- Evenchelys, ii, 153
- Eventognathi, i, 405; ii, 160, 162
- everglade minnow,
- figure of, ii, 197
- everglade pigmy perch,
- figure of, ii, 295
- Evermann, ii, 69, 100, 103, 354
- on Panama fishes, i, 274
- portrait of, i, 421
- on Two Ocean Pass, i, 307-310
- Evermannellidæ, ii, 135
- Evermannella, ii, 136
- Eviota, ii, 460, 467
- evolution of fishes, i, 223-225, 435-459
- Dean on, i, 223
- Exerpes,
- figure of, i, 276; ii, 511
- Exocœtidæ, ii, 210, 211, 214
- Exocœtoididæ, ii, 134
- Exocœtoides, ii, 133
- Exocœtus, i, 391; ii, 213
- Exoglossum,
- head of, figured, ii, 167
- Exonautes, ii, 213
- exoskeleton, i, 20
- Exostoma, ii, 184
- extension of Indian fauna, i, 267
- exterior of fish, i, 16-25
- external gills,
- figure of, i, 78, 602
- Kerr on, i, 76
- Mauer on, i, 77
- Orr on, i, 77
- Rusconi on, i, 77
- extinction of species, i, 240
- causes of, i, 241
- Eyclesheimer, i, 428
- Eydoux, i, 408
- eye of fish, i, 119
- eye of flounder,
- in larval stage, i, 174
- migration of, i, 173-176
- Williams on, i, 174-178
- eye-of-the-sea, ii, 361
- Faber, i, 396
- Fabricius, i, 394
- Facciola, i, 412
- factors of extinction, i, 442
- fading of pigment in spirits, i, 235
- fair maid, ii, 344
- fallfish, i, 311; ii, 167
- fall-salmon, ii, 80
- family,
- definition of, i, 373
- fan-tailed darter, ii, 315
- Farquhar,
- on Opah, ii, 244
- fat cod, ii, 440
- fat head, ii, 388
- fatherlasher, ii, 445
- faunal areas,
- minor, i, 248
- of Japanese fishes, i, 257
- faunal resemblances, i, 259, 260
- faunal differences, i, 260, 261
- favorable waters have most species, i, 301
- fear in fishes, i, 163
- expressions of, i, 165
- Felichthys,
- figure of, ii, 179
- fiatola, ii, 283
- Fierasfer, i, 84; ii, 520
- Fierasferidæ, ii, 158, 522
- fighting-fish, ii, 370
- of Siam, i, 163
- filefish, ii, 413-415
- figure of, i, 182
- filiform, i, 19
- Filippi, i, 412
- finfold, i, 63, 64
- Balfour's theory of, i, 69
- fin migration,
- Dean on, i, 75
- of Heterodontus, i, 75
- finnan haddie, ii, 537
- fins of fishes,
- described, i, 9, 10, 20, 24, 25
- migration of, i, 75
- morphology of, i, 62-90
- origin of, i, 62
- fin-spines, i, 528, 529; ii, 39
- of Hybodus, i, 528, 529
- of Onchus, figured, i, 509
- Fischer,
- on fishes of Panama, i, 275
- Fish Commission,
- fish stocking by, i, 346
- fisheries,
- economic, i, 337
- salmon, i, 81, 87
- fishes,
- in action, i, 11
- adaptation to environment, i, 156
- affection of, i, 167
- affected by temperature, i, 149
- age of, i, 144, 146
- air-bladder of, i, 12, 92, 93
- alimentary canal in, i, 31
- anadromous, i, 156, 160, 291
- anger of, i, 165
- in aquaria, i, 150, 165
- blood of, i, 11
- body form of, i, 16
- bones of, i, 10
- bony, i, 454, 506
- brain of, i, 12, 14, 109, 112
- breathing of, i, 5, 91, 103
- of British Museum, i, 402
- burrowing of, ii, 463, 465
- care of eggs by, i, 128
- catadromous, i, 162, 291
- catalogues of, i, 402
- channel, i, 291
- circulatory organs of, i, 26
- classification of, i, 367-386
- of Coal Measures, i, 223
- collecting of, i, 429
- color and coloration of, i, 6, 129, 226-236
- conditions of life of, i, 215
- of coral reefs, i, 235
- currents affecting, i, 243, 244
- deep sea, i, 408
- definition of, i, 3
- degeneration in, i, 54, 216, 218-220; ii, 547
- digestion and digestive organs of, i, 11, 26
- diœcious, i, 124
- dispersion of, i, 318
- diseases of, i, 340-358
- dissection of, i, 26, 27
- distortion in, i, 129
- distribution of, i, 237-255, 435
- domestication of, i, 149, 151
- ear of, i, 8, 119-121
- earliest forms of, i, 443
- eggs of, i, 125-135
- electric organs of, i, 25; ii, 187
- embryology of, i, 131-151
- evolution in, i, 223, 435-459
- exterior of, i, 16-25
- extinct, i, 224
- eye of, i, 6, 119
- eye-stalks of, ii, 466
- face of, i, 5
- fins of, i, 9, 10, 24
- flight of, i, 167
- flow of blood in, i, 107
- as food for man, i, 320-339
- food of, i, 11, 29
- form of, i, 4
- fossil, i, 422-428
- fresh-water, i, 250
- gall-bladder in, i, 26
- generalized forms of, i, 224
- gills of, i, 92
- growth of, i, 30, 144
- habits of, i, 152
- hearing of, i, 8, 119
- heart of, i, 11, 28, 106
- herbivorous, i, 30, 155; ii, 364
- hermaphrodite, i, 124
- homologies of bones in, i, 34
- hybridism in, i, 144
- instincts of, i, 154
- intestines of, i, 33
- intromittent organ in, i, 124
- with jugular fins, i, 456
- kidneys of, i, 11, 28
- killed by earthquakes, i, 356
- Labyrinthine, ii, 365
- larval forms, i, 142, 620, 621
- lateral line of, i, 9
- life cycle of, i, 3-5, 152
- lowland, i, 291
- luminous organs of, i, 188-190
- lungs of, i, 98
- measurements of, i, 19
- migration of, i, 160
- monstrosities among, i, 151
- mortality among, i, 357
- mountain, i, 291
- mouth of, i, 29
- muscles of, i, 25
- mythology of, i, 359
- naturalization of, i, 150
- nerves of, i, 12, 14, 109, 113; ii, 368
- nests and nest-building of, i, 15, 167, 128; ii, 184, 229-231
- noises of, i, 121, 168
- nostril of, i, 6
- nuptial colors in, i, 155, 156
- nutrition organs of, i, 29
- organs of,
- locomotion, i, 24
- phosphorescence, i, 194
- reproduction, i, 28, 124-130
- sense, i, 115-123
- sight, i, 6, 116
- smell, i, 115
- taste, i, 121
- touch, i, 122
- ovaries, i, 26
- oviparous, i, 125
- ovoviviparous, i, 125
- pain, sense of, in, i, 123
- parasites of, i, 340-344
- parasitic, i, 198
- pectoral limb of, i, 50
- pelagic, i, 156
- pineal eye in, i, 111
- poisonous, i, 180-185, 236; ii, 177, 411, 413, 421, 433,436, 526
- postembryonic development, i, 132
- posterior limbs of, i, 53
- preservation of, i, 431
- problem of highest, i, 383
- protection of young by, i, 128
- pugnacity of, i, 162
- recognition marks in, i, 7, 232, 236
- records of, i, 433
- scales of, i, 20
- sensitiveness to change, i, 150
- sexual modifications in, i, 129
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 50, 52
- skeleton of, i, 10, 214, 215
- specialization in, i, 219, 220, 224, 249; ii, 438
- spinal cord of, i, 112
- spineless, i, 25
- spiral valve in, i, 32
- tail of, i, 49
- teeth of, i, 5, 29
- tenacity of life in, i, 146, 147
- timidity of, i, 166
- tongue of, i, 6, 31
- upland, i, 291
- variety in tropics, i, 333
- viscera of, i, 26
- viviparous, i, 125; ii, 376
- voices of, i, 121
- where found, i, 158, 159
- zeoid, ii, 245
- fishes as food, i, 320-339
- fishes of Panama,
- Evermann on, i, 274
- Fischer on, i, 275
- Günther on, i, 272, 273
- Hill on, i, 277
- Upham on, i, 276
- Wright on, i, 275
- fish faunas,
- genera in, i, 262, 263
- Indian, i, 267
- of Japan, i, 255, 256, 259
- of Mediterranean, i, 259
- of Panama, i, 267
- separated by barriers, i, 255-281
- fish fighting, i, 162
- fish god of Japan,
- figure of, ii, 343
- fish guano, i, 538
- Fish-Hawk, the, i, 408; ii, 147
- fishing,
- apparatus for, i, 335
- for ayu, i, 333
- for tai, figured, i, 338
- with cormorants, i, 333, 335
- methods of, i, 334
- fishing-frog, i, 202; ii, 542
- fish-like vertebrates, i, 34
- fish of Paradise, ii, 369
- Fistularia, i, 85, 393; ii, 233, 390
- shoulder-girdle of, ii, 227
- Fistulariidæ, ii, 227
- family of, ii, 233
- Flammeo, ii, 254
- flashers, ii, 331
- flatfish family, i, 177; ii, 48
- flatheads, ii, 441
- Flesus, ii, 493
- Fleurieu's whirlpool, ii, 242
- flier, ii, 297
- flight of fishes, i, 157
- Floeberg, ii, 110
- Florida jewfish,
- figure of, ii, 323
- Florida lion-fish,
- figure of, ii, 433
- flounder, i, 117, 178, 203, 440; ii, 483-485, 488, 493, 494
- development of, i, 144
- diamond, ii, 493
- eel-back, ii, 493
- eyes of, i, 118, 174-178
- frog, ii, 493
- lantern, ii, 488
- larval form, i, 176; ii, 483, 484
- migration of eye, figured, ii, 484
- newly hatched, figured, i, 177
- osteology of, ii, 484
- peacock, ii, 488
- pole, ii, 494
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 58; ii, 2
- starry, ii, 493
- tail of, figured, ii, 486
- vertebræ in, i, 205
- wide-eyed, ii, 488
- wide-eyed, figured, i, 175
- young, figured, i, 175; ii, 482
- flower of the surf,
- figure of, ii, 218
- flow of blood in fish, i, 107
- flukes, ii, 494
- flying-fish, ii, 211-214
- figure of, i, 157, 341, 440
- parasites of, i, 342
- flyfish, ii, 429
- flying gurnard, ii, 456, 458
- figure of, i, 457
- flying robin, ii, 458
- Fodiator,
- figure of, ii, 213
- food-fishes,
- abundance of, i, 329
- relative rank of, i, 320
- food of lampreys, i, 491
- foolfishes, i, 206; ii, 413
- Foot-notes to Evolution,
- reference to, i, 302
- foramen, i, 92
- forelle, i, 327
- Forcipiger, ii, 404
- Forgy,
- on oarfish, ii, 473
- Forbes, i, 419
- on fish epidemics, i, 340
- formalin,
- as preservative, i, 432
- Forskål, i, 394
- Forster, i, 395
- fossil capelin, ii, 126, 127
- fossil darters, ii, 315
- fossil fishes, i, 205; ii, 48, 52, 53, 56, 174
- fossil gobies, ii, 467
- fossil herring,
- figure of, i, 453; ii, 52
- fossil trout, ii, 62, 118
- four-eyed fish,
- figure of, i, 117
- four-spined stickleback,
- figure of, ii, 232
- Fowler, i, 422
- fox shark, i, 536
- Frère Jacques, ii, 255
- fresh-water eels, ii, 149
- fresh-water fishes, i, 209; ii, 157, 160, 161
- dispersion of, i, 282-296
- distribution of, i, 249
- Günther on, i, 249
- of Japan, i, 256
- of North America, i, 290
- fresh-water minnows, i, 33
- fresh-water perch,
- figure of, ii, 373
- Friar Odoric,
- on fear in fishes, i, 166
- Fries, i, 410
- frilled shark, i, 361, 516
- figure of, i, 525
- Fritsch, i, 427, 428, 512
- frog,
- arm of, figured, i, 601
- frogfish, i, 197; ii, 549
- figure of, ii, 551
- frog flounder, ii, 493
- frostfish, ii, 537
- Fucus, ii, 512
- Fullarton, i, 177
- function of lateral line, i, 23
- Fundulus, ii, 194, 199
- figure of, i, 198
- fur seal,
- Gadidæ, i, 290; ii, 522, 533
- Gadopsidæ, ii, 516
- Gadus, i, 209, 391
- figure of, i, 331; ii, 533
- Gazza, ii, 287
- gaff-topsail cat,
- figure of, ii, 179
- Gaidropsarus, i, 209; ii, 539
- Gaimard, i, 406
- galafata, ii, 413
- Galaxias, i, 223, 252, 253, 254
- Galaxiidæ,
- family of, ii, 204
- Galei, i, 532
- Galeidæ, i, 540
- Galeichthys, i, 128, 242, 271, 273; ii, 178
- figure of, ii, 179
- Galeocerdo, i, 541, 542
- Galeoid sharks, i, 519
- Galeorhinidæ, i, 532, 540
- Galeorhinus, i, 454
- Galeus,
- figure of, i, 541
- gall-bladder, i, 26
- galliwasp, ii, 130
- galo, ii, 394
- Gambusia, i, 64, 66, 67; ii, 199
- Ganocephala, i, 85, 86
- Ganoidei, i, 444, 599, 616; ii, 2, 3, 13
- Ganoids, i, 22, 38, 88, 91, 139, 157, 159, 186, 204, 384, 569, 622; ii, 1-36
- ganoid fish, i, 582
- figure of, i, 452, 453
- Garden, i, 390
- Garibaldi,
- figure of, i, 227; ii, 382
- garfish, ii, 147, 210, 211
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 59
- Garman, i, 405, 408, 420; ii, 183
- garpike, i, 290; ii, 30-32
- garrupa, ii, 323
- gaspergou, ii, 354
- Gasteronemus, ii, 288
- figure of, ii, 289
- Gasterosteidæ, i, 128, 290
- Gasterosteus, i, 161, 172, 391; ii, 229, 231, 236
- Gastrostomus,
- figure of, ii, 156
- gastrula, i, 131, 132
- Gaudry,
- on leptocercal tail, i, 84
- Gay, i, 415
- Gegenbaur, i, 428, 511, 512, 591, 594, 601
- on archipterygium, i, 60
- on morphology, i, 68
- on pectoral fin, i, 67
- theory of, i, 73
- Gempylidæ,
- family of, ii, 267
- Gempylus, ii, 267
- general laws,
- of development, i, 133
- of distribution, i, 239
- generalization and specialization, i, 380
- genital organs, i, 124
- genus, i, 375
- definition of, i, 372
- Genyonemus, ii, 356
- Genypterus, ii, 520
- geographical distribution, i, 237-259
- of sharks, charted, i, 459
- geological evidence of submergence, i, 268
- Geophagus, ii, 381
- Geotria, i, 491
- Gephyrura, ii, 201
- Gephyroberyx, ii, 252
- gephyrocercal tail, i, 84, 604
- figure of, i, 85
- German carp, ii, 175
- germ-cells, i, 124
- Germo, 210; ii, 262, 266
- figure of, ii, 263
- Gerres, i, 271, 273
- figure of, ii, 349
- Gerridæ, i, 206; ii, 372
- family of, ii, 347
- Gervais, i, 408
- ghost-fishes, ii, 150, 516
- giant bass, ii, 324
- Gibbes, i, 426
- Gibbons, i, 419
- on Embiotocidæ, ii, 377
- Gibbonsia,
- figure of, ii, 508
- gibbus, ii, 45
- Gigactinidæ, ii, 551
- Giglioli, i, 412
- Gila, i, 304; ii, 169
- Gilbert, i, 408, 415, 420; ii, 239
- on Astroscopus, i, 187
- on coracoid plate, ii, 206
- on flight of fishes, i, 157
- on island forms, i, 240
- on larval forms, i, 142
- portrait of, i, 421
- Gilbertidia, ii, 441, 447, 449
- figure of, ii, 451
- Gill, i, 408, 419, 448, 528, 591, 594, 600; ii, 24, 34, 40, 52, 317, 365, 366, 502, 511
- on anglers, ii, 543
- on Discocephali, ii, 470, 471
- on eels, ii, 143, 156
- on high and low forms, i, 383
- on work of Lacépède, i, 398
- on New Zealand fauna, i, 252
- on paired limbs, i, 85
- portrait of, i, 407
- on Selachii, i, 509
- on shoulder-girdle, i, 86-89
- sketch of, i, 405
- on soles, ii, 496
- on swallowers, ii, 360, 361
- on tilefish, ii, 361, 362
- gill,
- arches, i, 45, 91, 508
- basket, figured, i, 92, 485
- covers, i, 44
- filaments, i, 107
- offices of, i, 11
- openings, i, 91
- rakers, i, 31, 46
- septum, i, 73
- slits, i, 508
- Gillellus, ii, 506
- Gillichthys, ii, 462
- figure of, ii, 463
- Gillicus, ii, 48
- Ginglymodi, ii, 24, 30
- Ginglymostoma, i, 533
- Ginglymostomidæ, i, 533
- Girard, i, 405, 419; ii, 378, 379
- girdle in Dipnoans, i, 86
- Girella, ii, 348
- gisu, ii, 46
- gizzard-shad, i, 290; ii, 51, 53
- glacial epoch,
- effect on dispersion, i, 316
- Glaucosoma, ii, 323, 340
- Glandiceps, i, 465
- Glanencheli, ii, 187
- glassy darter, ii, 313
- glenoid, i, 90
- Glesnæs oarfish, ii, 472
- figure of, i, 363
- globefishes, i, 197, 440, 455; ii, 419
- figure of, i, 244; ii, 422
- Globulodus, ii, 15
- Glossobalanus,
- figure of, i, 464
- larva of, figured, i, 463
- glut-herring, ii, 50
- Glyphisodon, i, 267
- figure of, ii, 383
- Glyptocephalus, i, 206; ii, 494
- Glyptolepis, i, 603
- Glyptopomus, i, 604
- Gmelin, i, 395, 397
- Gnathanacanthidæ, ii, 514
- Gnathodentex, ii, 341
- Gnathonemus,
- figure of, ii, 189
- Gnathostomata, i, 78
- Gnathostomes, i, 35, 572, 573
- Gnathostomi, i, 508, 570
- Gnathypops,
- figure of, ii, 359
- goatfish, i, 198; ii, 351, 379
- figure of, i, 122
- gobies, i, 428; ii, 459
- Gobiesox, ii, 529, 530, 531
- Gobiidæ, i, 22, 206, 290; ii, 306
- family of, ii, 459
- Gobius, i, 208, 273, 391; ii, 461, 467
- Gobio, ii, 167, 175
- Gobioides, ii, 467
- Gobioidea, ii, 470
- Gobioidei, 11, 459-480
- suborder of, ii, 459
- Gobiomorus,
- figure of, i, 160
- Gobionellus, i, 208
- figure of, ii, 461
- Gobiosoma, i, 313; ii, 462
- goblin sharks,
- figures of, i, 535
- goby, i, 290; ii, 462, 466
- gofu, ii, 434
- figure of, i, 229
- goggler, ii, 275
- golden,
- goldfish, ii, 170, 171
- of Japan, i, 151
- Gomphosus, ii, 390
- Goniistius, ii, 363
- Goniognathus, ii, 287
- Gonioplectrus, ii, 323
- Gonorhynchidæ, ii, 54-56
- Gonorhynchus, ii, 56
- Gonostoma, ii, 129
- Gonostomidæ, ii, 129
- Gonzalez, i, 414
- Goodea, ii, 199, 201
- figure of, i, 126; ii, 200
- with young, figured, i, 126
- Goodsira, i, 476
- goody, ii, 356
- goosefish, ii, 545
- Gorbuscha, ii, 73
- Goode, i, 408, 419; ii, 307, 308
- Gordiichthys, i, 211; ii, 153
- Gordius, ii, 143, 144
- Gosfordia, i, 613
- Gosse, i, 415
- Gouan, i, 397
- gatasami, ii, 361
- Gottsche, i, 428
- goujon, ii, 182
- gourami, ii, 369
- gouramy,
- nest of, i, 167
- Grammicolepidæ,
- family of, ii, 249
- Grammicolepis, ii, 249
- Grammistes, ii, 330
- grande écaille,
- figure of, ii, 43
- Granodus, i, 565
- Grantea, ii, 544
- Graphiurus, i, 605
- Grassi, i, 428
- grass rockfish, ii, 429
- Gray, i, 416
- grayling, i, 150, 305; ii, 120-138
- gray snapper, ii, 335
- figure of, ii, 334
- Great Basin,
- chub of, i, 287
- dispersion of fishes in, i, 316
- fishes of, i, 302
- great blue cat, ii, 180
- great oarfish, ii, 472
- Greeley, i, 422
- Green,
- on Sacramento perch, i, 179
- green-backed trout, ii, 104
- figure of, ii, 105
- green cod, ii, 537
- Greene,
- on Porichthys, i, 190-197; ii, 526
- greenfish, ii, 348
- Greenland char, ii, 109
- Greenland halibut, ii, 491
- Greenland shark, i, 547
- greenling, ii, 439
- figure of, ii, 440
- green mackerel,
- figure of, ii, 275
- Green River shales, i, 205; ii, 52, 57-59
- green rockfish, ii, 429
- green-sided darter,
- figure of, i, 247; ii, 312
- green wrasse, ii, 387
- Gregarinidia, i, 242
- grenadier, i, 84; ii, 540
- figure of, ii, 541
- grilse, ii, 91
- grindle, ii, 35
- griset,
- figure of, i, 523
- Gronias, ii, 181
- Gronovius, i, 390
- groupers, ii, 323
- grubby, ii, 446
- grunt, i, 239
- figure of, ii, 340
- grunters, ii, 340
- gruntfishes, i, 121
- Grystes, i, 302
- Guacamaia, ii, 394
- figure of, i, 330
- guahu, ii, 266
- guasa, ii, 323
- guavina de rio, ii, 459
- figure of, ii, 460
- Guaymas,
- fishes of, i, 274
- gudgeon, i, 122; ii, 167
- Guichenot, i, 412, 415
- guipo, ii, 512
- guitar-fishes, i, 550
- figure of, i, 551
- gular plate, i, 43; ii, 33
- Güldenstadt, i, 395
- Gulf Stream, i, 239
- deep-sea fish of, i, 276
- gulper-eel, ii, 156
- gulpers, ii, 155
- gunnel,
- figure of, ii, 512
- Gunner, i, 396; ii, 245
- Günther, i, 88, 255, 259, 404; ii, 3, 95, 135, 161, 183, 229, 371
- on archipterygium, i, 60
- on Barramunda, i, 615
- catalogue of, i, 402
- on work of Cuvier, i, 400
- on deep-sea fishes, ii, 136
- on dispersion, i, 289
- on eels, ii, 141
- on electrophores, ii, 188
- estimate of eggs by, i, 128
- on fishes of Panama, i, 272, 273
- on Lepidosteus, ii, 5
- on month gestation, i, 173
- on pain in fishes, i, 123
- on poison glands, i, 180; ii, 527-529
- portrait of, i, 403
- on respiration, i, 91
- on salmon, ii, 92
- on sea-devils, ii, 547
- on trout, ii, 94
- on variation in vertebræ, i, 210
- on zones of distribution, i, 249, 251
- gunwale, ii, 512
- Gurley,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 342
- gurnard, i, 122, 198, 208, 209; ii, 456
- gurry shark, i, 547
- Gymnarchidæ, ii, 188
- Gymnarchus, ii, 188
- Gymnelis, i, 209; ii, 519
- Gymnocanthus, ii, 448
- Gymnocephalus, ii, 241, 310
- Gymnodontes, ii, 398, 411, 418, 422
- Gymnosarda, ii, 262
- Gymnothorax, i, 211, 274; ii, 152
- Gymnonoti, ii, 159-161, 188
- order of, ii, 187
- Gymnotidæ, ii, 187
- Gymnotus, i, 391
- Gyrinidæ, ii, 222
- Gyrodus,
- figure of, ii, 22
- Gyrolepis, ii, 14
- Gyrosteus, ii, 18
- Gyroptychius, i, 82
- figure of, i, 604
- habits of fishes, i, 152
- haddock, ii, 537
- Hadrodus, ii, 22
- Hadropterus, i, 300
- figure of, ii, 311
- haë, ii, 117, 118
- Hæckel, i, 411, 511
- on origin of fins, i, 62
- hæmal arch, ii, 6
- Hæmapophyres, i, 48
- Hæmulidæ, i, 206; ii, 340, 342, 359
- family of, ii, 340
- Hæmulon, i, 121, 238, 271, 274, 375
- figure of, ii, 340
- hagfishes, i, 28, 488
- Delfin on feeding of, i, 489
- egg of, figured, i, 127
- figure of, i, 199, 489
- and lampreys, i, 189
- hair-worm, ii, 144
- hake, ii, 136, 539, 540
- isocercal tail of, i, 83
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 60
- hakone dace, i, 257
- Haldeman, i, 419
- Halec, ii, 33, 136
- Halecomorphi, ii, 13, 23, 24, 29, 35
- order of, ii, 33
- half-beak,
- figure of, ii, 212
- half-moon fish, ii, 350
- halibut, 128; ii, 149, 489, 491
- Halichœres, i, 207, 257, 297; ii, 180, 388-390
- figure of i, 297; ii, 396
- Halientichthys, ii, 552
- Hallock,
- Halosauridæ, ii, 158
- Halosaurus, ii, 138
- Hamilton, i, 416
- hammerhead shark, i, 543
- figure of, i, 544
- Hancock, i, 415
- handsaw-fish, ii, 135
- Hansen,
- on Chinook salmon, ii, 85
- Haplistia, i, 602
- Haplochiton, ii, 128
- Haplochitonidæ, ii, 129, 204
- Haplodoci, ii, 499
- sub order of, ii, 525
- Haplomi, i, 405; ii, 34, 40, 41, 129, 188-207, 224, 250
- mesocoracoid arch in, ii, 189
- ventral fin, i, 67
- Haplopagrus, i, 271
- hard-tails, ii, 169
- Hardwicke,
- on affection in fishes, i, 167
- harelip-sucker, ii, 174
- Harengula ii, 51
- Harpagiferidæ, ii, 501
- Harpodon, ii, 131
- Harrimania,
- figure of, i, 465
- Harrimaniidæ,
- family of, i, 465
- low organization of, i, 465
- Harriottia, i, 199, 566
- figure of, i, 449
- harvest-fish, ii, 283
- figure of, i, 18; ii, 284
- Hasse, i, 428, 543
- on Elasmobranchs, i, 509
- on ossicles, i, 96
- on sharks, i, 509, 530, 561
- Hasselquist, i, 389
- Hatta, i, 418
- Hauy, i, 397
- Hawaii,
- fish fauna of, i, 243
- Hay, i, 419, 427, 581; ii, 4 34, 36
- hazé, ii, 118
- headfishes, i, 19, 84, 206
- figure of, ii, 424
- larva of, figured, i, 143
- headlight-fish,
- figure of, i, 188; ii, 132
- Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
- Linton on, i, 348-350
- heart of the fish, i, 106
- Hector, i, 416
- Helicolemus, i, 259; ii, 429, 432
- Helicoprion,
- teeth of, figured, i, 530
- Heller, i, 422
- Helodus, i, 531
- Helostoma, ii, 370
- Helostomidæ, ii, 370
- Hemerocœtidæ, ii, 506
- Hemianthias, ii, 330
- Hemibranchii, ii, 40, 157, 209, 227-240
- sub order of, ii, 227
- Hemichordata, i, 461
- Hemicyclaspis, i, 576
- Hemiexocœtus, ii, 213
- Hemigymnus, ii, 390
- Hemilepidotus, ii, 442
- figure of, ii, 443
- Hemipteronotus, ii, 390
- Hemiramphus, ii, 214, 268
- figure of, ii, 212
- Hemiscylliidæ, i, 533
- Hemitripterus, i, 595; ii, 441
- figure of, i, 220; ii, 448
- Heniochus, ii, 404
- Henle, i, 405
- Henshall,
- on black bass, ii, 302
- Henshaw, ii, 523
- photograph by, i, 281
- hepatic sinus, i, 108
- Heptadiodon, ii, 423
- Heptanema, i, 605
- Heptatrema, i, 490
- Heptranchias, i, 447, 509, 536
- pectoral fin in, figured, i, 57
- skull of, i, 56
- teeth of, figured, i, 524
- Herald, i, 408
- Herbert,
- on lake trout-fishing, ii, 115
- herbivorous fishes, i, 30; ii, 364
- Herdmania, i, 474
- hermaphrodite fish, i, 124
- Heros, i, 314; ii, 381
- Herpetichthys, i, 608
- herring, i, 21, 204, 290, 429, 440; ii, 33, 38, 43, 46, 49, 52, 73, 123, 159
- figure of, i, 331; ii, 48
- Goode on, i, 330
- product of, i, 330
- Hertwig, i, 112
- Herzenstein, i, 411
- Heterandria, i, 314; ii, 194, 201, 467
- Heterobranchus, ii, 186
- heterocercal tail, i, 49, 507, 513, 516, 602
- of Acipenser, figured, i, 80
- of Amia, figured, i, 82
- of garpike, figured, i, 82
- of Lepisosteus, figured, i, 82
- of Salmo, i, 83
- of sturgeon, figured, i, 80
- of young trout, i, 83
- Heterocongridæ, ii, 150
- Heterodontus, i, 128, 447, 536
- eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
- figure of, i, 75, 526
- lower jaw, figured, i, 526
- pectoral fin of, figured, i, 57
- Heterodontidæ, i, 65, 127, 447, 511, 523, 529, 530, 545
- family of, i, 527
- Heterognathi, ii, 161, 162
- Heteromi, i, 405, 611; ii, 12 138, 532
- order of, ii, 157
- Heteropleuron, i, 483
- Heterostichus, ii, 507
- Heterosomata, ii, 247, 481-498
- Heterosteus, i, 586
- Heterostraci, i, 568, 571, 622; ii, 13
- order of, i, 573
- Heterotis, ii, 56
- Hexagrammidæ, ii, 442, 501
- family of, ii, 439
- organs of smell in, i, 115
- Hexagrammos, i, 257; ii, 107, 439
- figure of, ii, 440
- Hexanchidæ, i, 509, 528
- family of, i, 524
- Hexanchus, i, 447, 524
- figure of, i, 523
- hickory shad,
- figure of, ii, 53
- high and low forms,
- Agassiz on, i, 380, 381
- Gill on, i, 383
- Traquair on, i, 381, 382
- Hilgendorf, i, 411, 416
- portrait of, i, 417
- Hilgendorfia, ii, 455
- Hill, i, 415
- conclusions of, i, 277, 279
- Himantolophus, ii, 549
- hinalea, i, 158
- hingio, ii, 128
- Hiodon, i, 291, 394; ii, 45, 46
- figure of, ii, 45
- Hiodontidæ, i, 290; ii, 45
- Hippocampus, i, 19; ii, 236
- figure of, i, 17, 250; ii, 238
- Hippoglossinæ, ii, 489
- Hippoglossoides, i, 205; ii, 491
- Hippoglossus, i, 205, 329; ii, 489
- figure of, i, 332; ii, 492
- hirondelle, i, 408; ii, 60
- His, i, 428
- Histiopteridæ, ii, 398
- Histiopterus, i, 260; ii, 333
- Histiothrissa, ii, 52
- history of ichthyology, i, 387-428
- Hoffman, i, 412; ii, 546
- hog-choker,
- figure of, ii, 496
- hogfish, ii, 388
- figure of, ii, 387
- Holacanthus, ii, 403
- Holbrook, i, 419
- Holcolepis,
- figure of, i, 454; ii, 43
- Holconoti, ii, 365, 379, 380
- suborder of, ii, 372
- Holconotus, i, 404; ii, 375
- Holden, ii, 291
- Holder, ii, 409, 474
- on oarfish, ii, 474
- Holostei, i, 624; ii, 24
- Holotrachys, ii, 256
- Hollard, i, 412
- Hollardia, ii, 412
- Holocentridæ,
- family of, ii, 253
- Holocentrus, i, 267; ii, 253, 255
- figure of, ii, 254
- Holocephali, i, 448, 508, 519, 520, 561-567
- Holopterus, ii, 41
- Holoptychiidæ, i, 602, 603, 624
- Holoptychius,
- basal fin of, figured, i, 603
- dorsal fin of, figured, i, 49
- figure of, i, 451
- Holostomi, ii, 140, 141
- Holothurian, ii, 522
- Fierasfer issuing from, i, 159
- Holurus, ii, 14
- Homalopteridæ, ii, 176
- Hombron, i, 408
- Home, i, 396
- Homistius, i, 586
- homocercal tail, i, 49, 81-83, 602
- figure of, i, 84
- of flounder, i, 84
- homologies,
- of bones, i, 34, 35
- of pectoral limb, i, 85
- Homonotus, ii, 253
- homoplasy, i, 296
- Homosoma, ii, 283
- Hooker,
- on fishes prey of birds, i, 166
- Hoplias, ii, 162
- Hoplichthyidæ, ii, 441
- Hoplichthys, ii, 441
- Hoplopagrus, i, 271
- Hoplopteryx,
- figure of, i, 438; ii, 253
- Hoplostethus, i, 260, 263; ii, 252
- Hoppin,
- Hornbaum-Hornschuch, ii, 144
- horn-dace, i, 122, 283; ii, 167
- figure of, i, 285; ii, 168
- horned pout, ii, 35, 180
- figure of, ii, 181
- horned trunkfish, i, 374
- figure of, i, 373, 376; ii, 416
- hornfish, ii, 412
- hornless trunkfish, i, 378; ii, 418
- face view of, i, 379
- figure of, i, 378; ii, 416
- horse-eye-jack, ii, 276
- horsehead-fish, ii, 276
- figure of, i, 148
- horse-mackerel, ii, 135
- figure of, ii, 274
- horseshoe-crab,
- figure of, i, 572
- Houttuyn, i, 394, 416
- how fish cross watersheds, i, 306
- how fishes breathe, i, 91
- how to secure fish, i, 429
- Hoy, i, 419; ii, 64
- huchen, ii, 106
- Hucho, i, 253; ii, 62, 106
- figure of, ii, 107
- Humboldt, i, 410
- on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95
- humpback salmon, ii, 68, 72, 80
- humpback sucker, ii, 174
- humpback whitefish, ii, 65
- Hutton, i, 416
- Huxley, i, 424, 428, 593, 601; ii, 3
- on herring product, i, 330
- on Lepidostei, ii, 23
- Hybocladodus, i, 522
- Hybodus, i, 528, 529
- eggs of, figured, i, 527
- fin-spine of, figured, i, 528, 529
- Hybopsis, ii, 167
- hybridism, i, 144; ii, 94
- Hydrocyon, ii, 162
- Hydrolagus, i, 564
- Hyodon, i, 302
- Hyoganoidea, ii, 24
- Hyoganoids, ii, 11
- hyomandibular, i, 508, 521, 606
- hyostylic skull, i, 508, 561; ii, 7
- figure of, i, 56
- Hypamia, ii, 36
- hypercoracoid, i, 89; ii, 1, 12
- Hyperoartia, i, 488, 490, 593
- Hyperoplus, ii, 521
- Hyperotreta, i, 488, 593
- Hyperprosopon, ii, 375
- hypocoracoid, i, 89; ii, 12
- Hypocritichthys,
- figure of, i, 309; ii, 375
- Hypohomus, ii, 312
- Hypophthalmidæ, ii, 185
- Hypoplectrus, i, 235, 271; ii, 237
- figure of, ii, 329
- Hyporhamphus, ii, 212
- Hypostomides, ii, 227-240
- suborder of, ii, 239
- Hypotrema, i, 549
- hypural, ii, 142
- Hypseleotris, ii, 460
- Hypsoblennius, i, 242
- Hypsopsetta, ii, 493
- Hypsurus, ii, 375
- figure of, ii, 373
- Hypsycormus, ii, 34
- Hypsypops,
- figure of, i, 227; ii, 382
- Hyrtl, i, 428
- Hysterocarpus, i, 304; ii, 374
- Icarus, ii, 43
- icefish, i, 146; ii, 123, 127
- figure of, i, 149; ii, 128
- Icelinus, ii, 442
- Icelus, ii, 442, 449
- Icosteidæ, ii, 285
- Icosteus, ii, 285
- Ictalurus, i, 291, 292; ii, 179-181
- figure of, i, 280
- ichthyized fishes, i, 210
- Ichthyocephali, ii, 140, 141
- Ichthyodectes, ii, 48
- Ichthyodectidæ, ii, 48
- Ichthyodorolites, i, 516, 529, 566
- ichthyologists,
- portraits of, i, 399, 403, 407, 409, 413, 417, 421, 425, 513, 516, 525, 545, 561, 599, 601
- ichthyology,
- Aristotle on, i, 387
- history of, i, 387-428
- Ichthyotomi, i, 437, 446
- order of, i, 519
- Parker & Haswell on, i, 520
- Ichthyomyzon, i, 491
- Ichthyopsida, i, 601
- Ichthyosism, i, 183
- Ichthysauroides, i, 586
- Icthyscopus, ii, 503
- Ictiobus, i, 291; ii, 172
- id, ii, 168
- Idiacanthidæ, ii, 138
- Idus, ii, 168
- igami, ii, 390
- Ilarches, ii, 400
- Ilarchidæ, ii, 291, 400, 401
- Ilarchus, ii, 398
- Ilisha, i, 271; ii, 52
- Ilyophidæ, ii, 150
- imaginary garpike, i, 364
- incisor teeth, figured, i, 31
- inconnu,
- figure of, ii, 67
- Indian fauna, i, 267
- extension of, i, 265
- Indian fish, ii, 405
- Indian sawfish,
- figure of, i, 200
- Indian parrot-fish,
- figure of pharyngeals, ii, 393
- Indigo damsel-fish
- figure of, ii, 384
- infraclavicles, ii, 13
- infundibulum, ii, 6
- Iniistius, ii, 389, 390
- Inimicus, i, 236; ii, 434
- figure of, frontispiece, II. Vol.
- Iniomi, i, 405; ii, 38, 40, 41, 138, 189, 190, 204, 526
- suborder of, ii, 129
- iniomous fishes,
- photophores of, i, 189
- instincts in fishes,
- basis of, i, 154
- classification of, i, 154
- of courtship, i, 155
- heredity in, i, 154
- of migration, i, 156
- variability of, i, 155, 156
- Whitman on, i, 156
- intensity of coloration, i, 232
- interclavicle,
- Starks on, ii, 227
- interhæmals, i, 49; ii, 348
- interneurals, i, 49; ii, 15
- intestine of fish, i, 33
- intromittent organ, i, 124
- Investigator, the, i, 408; ii, 60
- Ioa, ii, 313
- Ionoscopus, ii, 36
- Ipnopidæ, ii, 131
- Ipnops,
- figure of, i, 181; ii, 131
- Irish lord, ii, 442
- figure of, ii, 443
- Irish Pampano,
- figure of, ii, 349
- isabelita,
- figure of, ii, 404
- Isaciella, i, 270
- isaki, ii, 342
- Ischnacanthidæ, i, 517
- Ischnacanthus, i, 517
- Ischyodus, i, 565
- ishigakidai, ii, 360
- Ishikawa, i, 416
- ishinagi, ii, 323
- Iso,
- figure of, ii, 218
- isocercal tail, i, 49, 83, 602
- Cope on, i, 84
- figure of, i, 83
- Isopholidæ, ii, 26
- Isopholis, ii, 26
- figure of, ii, 27
- Isospondyli, i, 204, 406; ii, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 37-60, 128, 129, 138, 139, 142, 148, 159, 160, 188-190, 209, 250
- order of, ii, 38
- Isotœnia, i, 565
- isthmus, i, 45
- isthmus barriers, i, 255-281
- Isthmus of Panama,
- as barrier, i, 269
- fish fauna of, i, 266, 271
- species of shores, i, 269
- Isthmus of Suez, i, 255, 258
- as barrier, i, 266
- submergence of, i, 267
- Istiæus,
- figure of, ii, 46
- Istiophoridæ, ii, 268
- Istiophorus, ii, 269
- Istlarius, ii, 182
- Isuropsis,
- figure of, i, 537
- Isurus, i, 537, 538
- Italian parrot-fish, i, 48
- figure of, ii, 391
- ito,
- figure of, ii, 107
- itoryori, ii, 340
- iwana, ii, 114
- jack mariddle, ii, 43
- Jackson,
- Jacobi,
- artificial impregnation by, i, 150
- Jacoby,
- Jacquinot, i, 408
- Jadgeska hatchery, ii, 86
- Jækel, i, 427, 428, 591
- jallao, ii, 341
- Janassa,
- teeth of, i, 554
- Japan,
- Black Current of, i, 255, 256, 258
- fishes of, i, 256
- fresh-water fauna of, i, 256
- Japan and Mediterranean
- fish faunas, i, 259, 260
- Japanese blenny,
- figure of, i, 9; ii, 513
- Japanese catfish, ii, 183
- Japanese dace, ii, 170
- Japanese filefish,
- figure of, i, 241
- Japanese samlet,
- figure of, i, 321
- Japanese sea-horse,
- figure of, i, 250
- jaqueta, ii, 383
- jara-bakka, i, 171
- jawfish,
- figure of, ii, 359
- jaws, i, 201
- Jenkins, i, 420; ii, 52
- on fishes of Panama, i, 274
- Jenkinsia, ii, 52
- Jenyns, i, 408
- Jerdon, i, 416
- Jerusalem haddock, ii, 244
- Jeude, i, 414
- jewfishes, ii, 321, 323
- jiguagua, ii, 276
- jocu, ii, 336
- John,
- on climbing-fish, ii, 367
- John dories, ii, 245, 247
- figure of, ii, 248
- Johnny darter, ii, 313
- John Paw,
- figure of, ii, 325
- Johnson, i, 410
- on interbreeding of trout, ii, 94
- Johnston, i, 428
- jolt-head porgy,
- figure of, ii, 344
- Jordan, i, 348, 408; ii, 522
- Jordanella, i, 314; ii, 198
- figure of, ii, 197
- Jordania, ii, 441, 449
- figure of, ii, 442
- Jordanicus, ii, 522
- jorobado, ii, 276
- joturo, ii, 26
- Joturus,
- figure of, ii, 222
- Jugulares, i, 393
- Julis, i, 158, 235; ii, 389, 390
- jurel, ii, 276
- kæpra, i, 171
- kajika, ii, 118
- kaku, ii, 221
- Kalm, i, 390
- Kamchatka lamprey,
- figure of, i, 495
- Kamloops trout, ii, 101
- Kansas River,
- blue-green sunfish from, i, 26
- Kareius, ii, 494
- Karpinsky, i, 529
- Kaup, i, 411
- kawamasu, ii, 95
- kawamuki, ii, 415
- Kellogg's Zoology, i, 26
- Kelly
- on otoliths, i, 120
- kelpfish, ii, 389, 390, 507
- kelts, ii, 91
- Kent,
- Kerr, i, 619
- on Balfour's theory, i, 72
- on fin migration, i, 74
- on Gegenbaur theory, i, 73
- on external gill, i, 76, 78
- on Lepidosiren, i, 61, 620
- on morphology, i, 68
- Kessler, i, 411
- Kessleria, i, 252, 452; ii, 18, 20
- keta, ii, 73
- Kettleman, ii, 545
- kihi kihi, ii, 406
- killer, i, 361
- killifish, i, 290, 304; ii, 194, 198
- hearing of, i, 121
- king crab,
- figure of, i, 572
- king darter,
- figure of, ii, 311
- kingfish, ii, 266, 356
- figure of, ii, 357
- king of salmon, ii, 425
- figure of, ii, 478
- king of herrings, ii, 425, 472
- king of mackerels,
- figure of, ii, 425
- king salmon, ii, 68, 69
- Kingsley,
- on ascidians, i, 474
- on degeneration, i, 460
- on sense organs, i, 175
- on tunicates, i, 466-468
- Kirsch, i, 422
- Kirtland, i, 418; ii, 35
- Kirtlandia,
- figure of, ii, 217
- Kishinouye, i, 418
- kisugo, ii, 358
- Kittlitz, i, 410
- Klein, i, 390
- Klunzinger, i, 411
- Kner, i, 410, 411, 427
- on Ganoids, ii, 10
- Kneriidæ,
- family of, ii, 204
- knightfish, ii, 257
- Knox, ii, 477
- kobini-iwashi, ii, 52
- kochi, ii, 441
- Koenen, i, 427
- Koken, i, 427
- kokopu, ii, 204
- kokos, ii, 71
- Kolliker, i, 428
- Konwick, i, 427
- konoshiro, ii, 53
- Kölreuter, i, 396
- Kowala, ii, 51
- Kowalevskia, i, 474
- Kowalevsky, i, 428
- Krascheninnikov, i, 395; ii, 68
- Krefft, i, 614
- Kröyer, i, 410
- Kuhlia, ii, 304
- Kuhliidæ, ii, 297, 354
- kumu, i, 322; ii, 352
- Kundscha, ii, 114
- Kuppfer's vesicle, i, 138
- kurodai, ii, 343
- kuromutsu,
- figure of, ii, 213
- Kuro Shiwo, i, 242, 251, 258
- fishes in, i, 239
- goblin shark of, i, 534
- Kurtidæ, ii, 287
- Kurtus, ii, 288
- Kyphosidæ, ii, 349, 364, 398
- Kyphosus, ii, 350
- figure of, ii, 349
- Labidesthes, i, 313; ii, 218
- Labrodon, ii, 385
- Labrax, ii, 330
- Labridæ, i, 207; ii, 372, 385, 390, 396
- Labrus, i, 207, 260, 267, 391; ii, 385, 387
- labyrinthine fishes, ii, 365, 370
- Labyrinthinci, i, 149; ii, 365, 379
- Labyrinthodontidæ, i, 86
- lac de marbre, ii, 109
- Lacépède, i, 376, 389
- portrait of, i, 399
- Lachnolæmus, ii, 388
- figure of, ii, 387
- Lactariidæ, ii, 356
- Lactarius, ii, 358
- Lactophrys, ii, 417
- ladyfish, i, 117, 198; ii, 388
- figure of, i, 147; ii, 44
- transformations in, i, 147
- La Favorite, the, i, 408
- Lafayette, ii, 356
- Lagocephalus,
- figure of, ii, 419
- Lagodon, ii, 344
- Lake Bonneville,
- ancient outlet of, i, 303
- lake herring, ii, 65-67
- lake lamprey,
- head of, figured, i, 111
- mouth figured, i, 492
- Lake Nicaragua,
- shark from, i, 542
- Lake Patzcuaro,
- viviparous fishes from, i, 126
- Lake Pontchartrain,
- fish fauna of, i, 314
- lake trout, ii, 66, 115
- figure of, ii, 114
- lake whiting, ii, 65
- Lamdodus, i, 522
- Laminaria, ii, 544
- Lamnidæ, i, 532, 537, 538, 542
- Lamna, i, 534, 538
- teeth of, figured, i, 537
- figure of, 447
- lamnoid sharks, i, 519, 533
- distinguished, i, 534
- families of, i, 534
- Lampetra, i, 491
- figure of, i, 120, 492
- lamprey, i, 28, 35, 56, 111, 204, 249, 290, 490, 506
- ascending brook figured, i, 496
- brain of, i, 112
- catfishes destroyed by, i, 358
- extinct forms, i, 487
- fate of, i, 504
- food of, i, 491
- gill-basket of, figured, i, 92, 485
- Kamchatka, i, 495
- method of attack, i, 493
- migration of, i, 494
- orders of, i, 488
- parasites of, i, 354
- Reighard on, i, 491
- spawning of, i, 498, 500
- structure of, i, 486
- Surface on, i, 491
- Lamprididæ, ii, 16
- family of, ii, 243
- Lampris, i, 210, 322; ii, 228, 245, 288
- figure of, i, 323
- shoulder-girdle, figured, ii, 243
- Lanarkia, i, 570, 622
- figure of, i, 574
- lancelet, i, 28, 31, 121, 204, 482-485, 506; ii, 467
- characteristics of, i, 482
- figure of, i, 484
- habits of, i, 483
- vertebral column of, i, 55
- lancet-fish, ii, 408
- figure of, ii, 135
- lancet of surgeon-fish, i, 181
- lane-snapper,
- figure of, ii, 336
- Lankester, i, 61, 87, 426, 571, 593
- lantern-fishes, ii, 41, 61, 128, 129, 525
- figure of, ii, 133
- lantern-flounder, ii, 488
- laolach, i, 620
- Laparus, ii, 518
- large-mouthed black bass,
- figure of, ii, 305
- Larimus, ii, 355
- Larvacea, i, 470, 473
- figure of, i, 480
- larval development of fishes, i, 139-141, 143-147, 174-176
- Dean on, i, 139
- in common eel, i, 141
- Gilbert on, i, 142
- figures showing, i, 140-142
- in brook lamprey, i, 140
- in sturgeon, i, 141
- larval flounder,
- figure of, ii, 483
- larval forms,
- of Chætodon, i, 144
- figures of, i, 140-142
- of flounder, figured, i, 147, 175, 176
- of ladyfish, i, 147
- of Lepidosiren, i, 620, 621
- of Mola, i, 143, 145
- of sailfish, i, 140
- of swordfish, i, 139
- Lasianius,
- figure of, i, 580
- Lateolabrax, i, 324; ii, 320
- lateral fold, i, 64
- Balfour on, i, 71-73
- Kerr on, i, 72
- Mollier on, i, 71
- lateral line, i, 9, 22, 23
- a mucous channel, i, 22
- Dean on, i, 23
- function of, i, 23
- relation to touch, i, 122
- in singing-fish, figured, i, 23
- Lates, ii, 320, 330
- Latham, i, 396
- Latilidæ, the, ii, 361, 363
- Latilus, ii, 362
- Latrididæ, ii, 363, 364, 426
- Latris, ii, 363
- lavaret, ii, 65
- lawyer, ii, 335, 538
- Lay, i, 409
- Leach, i, 396
- leather-carp, i, 151
- leather-jackets, ii, 272, 413
- Lebias, ii, 198, 201
- lectocephalous condition,
- Günther on, i, 142
- Leidy, i, 426
- Leiognathidæ, ii, 287, 348
- Leiognathus, ii, 287
- Leiostomus, ii, 356
- Leiuranus, ii, 150
- length of intestine, i, 33
- Lentipes, ii, 466
- leopard toadfish,
- figure of, ii, 525
- Lepadogaster, i, 263; ii, 531
- Lepechin, i, 396
- Lepidaplois, ii, 390
- figure of, ii, 389
- Lepidocottus, ii, 426, 449
- Lepidopidæ,
- family of, ii, 267
- Lepidopsetta, ii, 493
- Lepidopus, i, 210; ii, 267
- Lepidorhombus, i, 206; ii, 488
- Lepidosiren, i, 60, 73, 85, 89, 100, 149, 450, 619, 621, 622
- adult male, figured, i, 620
- larval forms, figured, i, 620
- at 3 days, i, 620
- at 30 days, i, 621
- at 40 days, i, 621
- at three months, i, 621
- pectoral fin in, i, 60
- Lepidosirenidæ, i, 88, 612, 619
- Lepidostei, ii, 13, 26
- Lepidosteids, ii, 32
- Lepidosteoidei, i, 382
- Lepidotidæ, ii, 24
- Lepidotes, ii, 24
- Lepidotrigla, i, 259; ii, 456
- Lepisoma, i, 208; ii, 508
- Lepisosteidæ, i, 290; ii, 11, 29, 30
- Lepisosteus, i, 32, 66, 85, 101, 102, 291, 314, 357, 604, 623; ii, 5, 6, 23, 29, 30, 32
- Lepomis, i, 302; ii, 301
- figure of, i, 4; ii, 300
- Leptecheneis,
- figure of, i, 197; ii, 468
- leptocardial tail, i, 81, 83
- Leptocardians, i, 383
- Leptocardii, i, 55, 482-485
- Leptocephalidæ, ii, 149
- Leptocephalus, i, 211; ii, 148, 149
- figure of, ii, 150
- leptocercal tail, i, 50, 81, 83, 507, 602
- Agassiz on, i, 81
- figure of, i, 82
- Gaudry on, i, 84
- Leptocottus, ii, 448
- Leptolepidæ, ii, 36, 41
- Leptolepis, ii, 42
- figure of, ii, 41
- Leptomylus, i, 565
- Leptops, ii, 182
- Leptoscopidæ, the, ii, 503, 506
- Leptosmus, ii, 53
- Leptotrachelus, ii, 136
- Lepturus, i, 391
- lesser-weaver, i, 169
- Lesson, i, 408
- Le Sueur, i, 418
- Lethrinus, i, 268; ii, 347
- Leuciscus, i, 254, 256, 346; ii, 168, 169
- Leuckart, i, 609
- Leucopsarion, ii, 467
- Lias, ii, 14
- Libys, i, 605
- Ligul, a, i, 348
- Lilljeborg, i, 410
- Limanda, ii, 493
- little roncador, ii, 356
- Limulus, i, 569
- figure of, i, 572
- Lindström, i, 427
- ling, ii, 538
- Linnæus, i, 375, 390; ii, 410, 424, 499
- followers of, i, 394
- Systema Naturæ of, i, 392
- Linophryne, ii, 549
- Linton,
- on parasitic diseases, i, 343-348
- Liodesmidæ, ii, 34
- Liodesmus, ii, 34
- lion-fish, ii, 434
- Liopsetta, ii, 493
- figure of, ii, 494
- liparid, ii, 447, 454
- Liparididæ,
- family of, ii, 454
- Liparididæ, i, 189, 208, 218; ii, 313
- Liparis, i, 202, 217, 219, 375, 380; ii, 449, 455
- figure of, i, 218
- Lipogenyidæ, ii, 158
- Lipogenys, ii, 158
- Lister, i, 373, 375, 376
- lithographic shales, ii, 42
- Litholepis, i, 364
- littoral fishes,
- distribution of, i, 247
- Liuranus,
- figure of, i, 233
- Liza, ii, 221
- lizard-fishes, ii, 61
- figure of, ii, 130
- lizard-skipper,
- figure of, i, 230; ii, 509
- loach, i, 290; ii, 185
- Lobotes,
- figure of, ii, 331
- Lobotidæ,
- family of, ii, 331
- local barriers, i, 298
- Lockington, i, 419
- on long-jawed goby, ii, 462-465
- log-perch,
- figure of, ii, 311
- Lohest, i, 427
- lok-sild, ii, 67
- longe, ii, 114
- long-eared sunfish, i, 3-15
- figure of, i, 2, 3; ii, 300
- long-jawed goby, ii, 462, 463
- long-horned sculpin, ii, 447
- long-jaw, ii, 66
- long-necked eels, ii, 153
- lophobranchii, ii, 9, 209, 227-240
- lophobranchs, i, 92
- suborder of, ii, 235
- Lophogobius, i, 208
- Lophiidæ, i, 206; ii, 542
- Lophiomus, i, 207, 271; ii, 547
- Lophius, i, 169, 202, 206, 391; ii, 542, 545, 547, 548
- figure of, i, 18; ii, 545
- lophocercal tail, i, 81, 83
- Lopholatilus, i, 94, 357; ii, 361
- Lophopsetta, ii, 488
- figure of, ii, 487
- Lophotes, i, 260, 263; ii, 291
- Lophotidæ, ii, 292
- family of, ii, 291
- Loricaria, i, 393
- figure of, ii, 186
- Loricariidæ, ii, 185, 186, 449
- Loricati, ii, 426, 455
- loro, ii, 394, 396
- Lota, i, 109, 209, 316; ii, 538
- figure of, ii, 539
- Lotella, i, 259
- louse-fish, ii, 469
- louvar,
- figure of, ii, 290
- Loven,
- on Arctic species, i, 317
- Lowe, i, 410
- Lowell,
- on trout, ii, 108
- lower jaw,
- figure of, i, 526
- of Cochliodus figured, i, 531
- of Neoceratodus figured, i, 616
- of Polypterus figured, i, 606
- lower pharyngeals,
- figure of, ii, 171
- Lower Silurian,
- shark teeth from, i, 508
- lowland fishes,
- dispersion of, i, 313
- Luciæ, i, 477
- Lucifuga, i, 314; ii, 524
- figure of, i, 222; ii, 524
- Lucigobius, ii, 467
- Luciocephalidæ, ii, 370
- Luciocephalus, ii, 370
- Lucioperca, ii, 315
- Lucas,
- on Therobromus, ii, 127
- luminous organs, i, 187
- von Lendenfeld on, i, 189
- of Porichthys, figured, i, 191
- Lumpenus, i, 209; ii, 513
- lumpfish, i, 208; ii, 135, 453, 454
- figure of, i, 220; ii, 454
- lump-sucker, ii, 453, 455
- lung-fish, i, 100, 458, 609-622
- lungs of the fish,
- origin of, i, 98, 99
- Morris on, i, 98
- lurking-fishes,
- Whitmee on, i, 169
- Lutianidæ, ii, 323, 335
- family of, i, 333; ii, 340
- Lutianus, i, 324; ii, 330, 333, 335, 336
- Lütken, i, 410; ii, 33, 133
- on Selene, i, 144
- on flying-fish, ii, 214
- Luvaridæ, ii, 291
- Luvarus, ii, 291
- figure of, ii, 290
- Lycenchelys,
- figure of, ii, 519
- Lycodapodidæ, ii, 520
- Lycodes, ii, 518
- figure of, ii, 519
- Lycodapus,
- figure of, ii, 520
- Lycodopsis, ii, 518
- Lycodes, i, 209
- Lycoptera, ii, 41
- Lyman,
- on the museum at Paris, i, 401
- Lyomeri,
- Lyopomi, ii, 138, 158, 189
- Lyopsetta, i, 205
- Lyrifera, i, 462, 508
- Lysopteri, i, 623; ii, 13
- maaji, ii, 274
- maccaroni piatti, i, 351
- Macleay, i, 416, 428
- Macdonald, i, 419
- Macdonaldia, ii, 157
- Mackenzie salmon, ii, 67
- mackerel, i, 19, 117, 156, 210; ii, 258, 259
- mackerel-midges, ii, 539
- mackerel-scads, ii, 274
- mackerel-shark, i, 533
- figure of, i, 447, 537
- Mackinaw trout, ii, 114
- Macrias, ii, 502
- Macrodon, ii, 354
- Macropetalichthyidæ,
- family of, i, 585
- Macropetalichthys, i, 583, 585, 589, 590
- Macropharyngodon, ii, 390
- Macrophthalmia, i, 491
- Macropistius, ii, 26
- Macropodus, ii, 369, 370
- Macropoma, i, 605
- Macrorhamphosidæ, ii, 227, 234, 235
- Macrorhamphosus, i, 259
- figure of, ii, 234
- Macrosemiidæ, ii, 26, 28
- Macrosemius, ii, 26
- Macrouridæ, i, 84; ii, 541
- vertebræ in, 209; ii, 540
- mademoiselle,
- figure of, ii, 355
- mad tom, ii, 182
- figure of, i, 179; ii, 182
- Mænidæ,
- family of, ii, 347
- magifi, ii, 288
- mahogany snapper, ii, 337
- maigre, ii, 355
- mail-cheek fishes, ii, 426
- makrede, i, 171
- makua, ii, 425
- Malacanthidæ, ii, 361, 499
- Malacanthus, ii, 361
- Malacopterygii, i, 391; ii, 208
- Malacopterygium, ii, 39
- Malacorhinus, i, 553
- Malacosteidæ, ii, 128, 134
- Malapterurus, ii, 183
- malau, ii, 253
- Mallotus,
- figure of, ii, 126
- Malm, i, 410
- malma, i, 326
- figure of, ii, 112
- Malmgren, i, 410
- on Arctic species, i, 317
- Malpighi, i, 390
- Malthe, i, 206
- Malthopsis, ii, 552
- mandible,
- suspensorium of, i, 43, 120
- mandibular rami, i, 589
- man-eating shark, i, 538
- Maner,
- on external gill, i, 77
- mangrove snapper, ii, 335
- man-of-war fish, ii, 285
- Manta, i, 448, 560
- figure of, i, 559
- map of continents, i, 270
- Mapo, ii, 461
- Marcgraf, i, 389
- Marcgravia, ii, 526
- Marcusen, i, 428
- marine blenny, i, 118
- marine fishes,
- checked by barriers, i, 241
- distribution of, i, 246
- Mariposa, ii, 244, 403
- Marquette, ii, 64
- Marsh,
- on eye of Anableps, ii, 195
- Marsiobranch, i, 592, 593
- Marsipobranchi, i, 486
- Martin pescador, ii, 550
- Mason, ii, 73
- Mastacembelidæ, ii, 532
- Mastacembelus, ii, 157
- figure of, ii, 532
- Masticura, i, 555
- masu, ii, 68, 73
- matajuelo, ii, 252, 253
- matajuelo blanco, ii, 361
- matao, ii, 249
- matodai, ii, 333
- matsubara, i, 418
- Matthew, i, 427
- Mauer,
- on external gill, i, 77
- Maurolicidæ,
- family of, ii, 134
- Maurolicus, ii, 134
- maxillary,
- figure of, i, 55
- of Sebastolobus, i, 55
- mayfish,
- figure of, ii, 198
- McClelland, i, 416
- McCoy, i, 82, 410, 581
- McGregor, i, 422
- McKay, i, 420
- McMurrich, i, 428
- meaji, ii, 275
- meaning of species, i, 293
- Coues on, i, 379
- measurements of the fish, i, 19
- mebaru, ii, 429, 431
- Meckel's cartilage, i, 44, 57, 507, 596, 606
- Meda, ii, 169
- Meddagh,
- photograph by, i, 164
- Medialuna, ii, 350
- medregal, ii, 274
- Meek,
- on trout, ii, 105
- Megalaspis, ii, 274
- Megalichthyidæ, i, 602, 603
- Megalichthys,
- figure of, i, 604
- Megalops, ii, 43
- Megalurus,
- figure of, ii, 36
- Megaperca, ii, 322
- Megaprotodon, ii, 404
- mejenidai, ii, 348
- Melamphaës, ii, 252
- Melaniris, ii, 218
- Melanocetus, ii, 548
- Melanogrammus, i, 209; ii, 539
- Melanotænia, ii, 218
- Melanotæniidæ, ii, 218
- Melichthys, ii, 413
- Melletes,
- figure of, i, 288
- membrane bone of face, i, 44
- Mene,
- figure of, ii, 288
- menhaden,
- figure of, i, 340; ii, 51
- Menidia, ii, 218
- Menidæ,
- family of, ii, 218
- Menomonee whitefish, ii, 63
- Menopneumona, i, 612
- Menticirrhus,
- figure of, ii, 357
- mergate fish, ii, 341
- Merlangus, i, 209; ii, 537
- Merluccius, i, 209; ii, 136
- figure of, ii, 540
- isocercal tail of, i, 83
- shoulder-girdle of, i, 60
- Merluciidæ, ii, 540
- mermaid, i, 359
- merou, ii, 323, 324
- Merriam,
- on fossil trout, ii, 62
- Mesencephalon,
- figured, i, 109, 110
- mesentary, i, 32
- Mesichthys, ii, 190
- mesocoracoid, i, 89; ii, 12
- mesoderm, i, 138
- Mesodon, ii, 22
- Mesogonistius, ii, 301
- figure of, ii, 299
- Mesolepis, ii, 15
- mesopterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, 12
- Mesopus, ii, 124
- Swan on, ii, 123
- Mesozoic fishes, i, 437
- metameral characters, i, 23
- metapterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, 12
- metencephalon, figured, i, 109
- Michigan grayling,
- figure of, ii, 122
- Microbranchium, i, 577
- Microcanthus, ii, 404
- Microdesmus, i, 271
- Microdon, i, 204
- Microgadus, ii, 537
- figure of, ii, 538
- Microlepidotus, i, 271
- Microperca, ii, 307, 315
- Micropogon, i, 271; ii, 356
- Micropterus, i, 291, 302; ii, 297, 302, 304
- Microspathodon, i, 271; ii, 384, 385
- figure of, ii, 384
- Microstoma, ii, 127
- Microstomidæ, ii, 127
- Microstomus, ii, 494
- midshipman, i, 121, 189; ii, 526
- luminous organs of, i, 191
- migratory fishes, i, 160
- milkfish,
- figure of, ii, 45
- milktschitsch, ii, 73
- Miller, i, 426
- miller's thumb, ii, 444
- Milner, i, 419
- on whitefish, ii, 64
- minnow, i, 33, 124, 304; ii, 118, 161, 163, 193, 196-199
- treatment of eggs by, i, 129
- Minous, ii, 436
- Mioplosus, ii, 315
- Mirbelia, ii, 531
- mirror carp, i, 151; ii, 17
- Misaki,
- tide pools of, i, 161
- Misgurnus, i, 98; ii, 176
- Mississippi Valley,
- blind fishes of, i, 117, 220
- stone-roller of, i, 33
- Missouri sucker, ii, 173
- Mistichthys, ii, 467
- Mitchill, i, 376, 418
- Mitchillina, ii, 60
- Mitsukurina, i, 199, 536, 566
- figures of, i, 535
- Mitsukurinidæ, i, 534
- Mitsukuri, i, 418
- on phosphorescent shark, i, 189
- portrait of, i, 417
- Mivart,
- on paired limbs, i, 70
- monana, ii, 353
- Mobula, i, 448
- fœtus of, i, 560
- Mobulidæ, i, 559
- mojarra, ii, 348
- figure of, ii, 348
- mojarra cardenal, ii, 254
- mojarra de las piedras, ii, 405
- mojarra de ley, ii, 348
- mojarra verde, ii, 381
- Mola, i, 19, 84, 142, 206, 272; ii, 424, 425
- figure of, ii, 424
- larva of, figured, i, 143
- Molgula, i, 474
- Molgulidæ, i, 474
- Molidæ, ii, 424
- Molina, i, 396
- Mollier,
- on lateral fold, i, 71
- Mollienesia, ii, 199
- Mollusca, ii, 529
- Molva, i, 209; ii, 538
- Monacanthidæ, i, 242
- family of, ii, 413
- Monacanthus, i, 181, 206; ii, 414
- du Monceau, i, 396
- Mondini, ii, 144
- mongrel whitefish, ii, 67
- monkfish, i, 359; ii, 545
- brain of, figured, i, 547
- pectoral fin, figured, i, 56
- Monocentridæ, ii, 250
- Monocentrus, i, 260
- figure of, ii, 257
- Monoceros, i, 268; ii, 409
- Monodactylus, ii, 398
- figure of, ii, 397
- Monolene, i, 206
- Monopteridæ, ii, 141
- Monopterus, ii, 141
- Monorhinus, i, 593
- Monotaxis, ii, 344
- Monro, i, 390
- monstre marin, i, 360, 361
- monstrosities among fishes, i, 150
- monstrous goldfish,
- figure of, i, 151
- Montagu, i, 396
- month incubation, i, 170, 171, 172
- Günther on, i, 173
- Moorish idols, ii, 406
- figure of, ii, 406
- Moodeliar,
- mooneye, i, 290; ii, 45
- moonfishes, i, 144; ii, 243, 244, 276, 401
- figure of, i, 323
- morays, ii, 152, 153
- figure of, i, 458; ii, 155
- Mordacia, i, 491
- Mordaciidæ, i, 491
- Moreau, i, 95, 412
- Morgan, i, 428
- Moringua, ii, 153, 189
- Moringuidæ, ii, 188, 189
- family of, ii, 153
- Mormyrus, i, 393
- Morone, ii, 321
- figure of, ii, 322
- morphology, i, 511
- of fins, i, 62-90
- Morris,
- on lungs of fishes, i, 98-106
- mortality of filefish, i, 357
- Moseley,
- on Ipnopidæ, ii, 131
- Moser,
- on catching salmon, ii, 85
- moss-bunker, ii, 51
- motor nerves, i, 153
- mountain chains,
- as barriers, i, 310
- mountain-oopu, ii, 466
- mountain-witch, ii, 445
- Mount Whitney,
- golden trout of, ii, 99
- Moxostoma, ii, 174
- mu, ii, 344
- mucous channels, i, 22, 23
- mud-bass, ii, 297
- mud-dab, ii, 493
- mud-minnows, i, 290; ii, 35, 193, 194
- mud-minnows,
- figure of, ii, 193
- tenacity of life in, i, 147
- mud-skippers, ii, 465
- figure of, ii, 466
- muffle jaws, ii, 444
- Mugil, i, 32, 157, 343, 391; ii, 144, 219
- figure of, i, 330; ii, 221
- Mugilidæ, i, 206; ii, 219
- muki-muki, i, 183; ii, 420
- Müller, i, 384, 396, 405, 415, 428, 609, 613; ii, 3, 24, 39, 40, 144, 533
- Mullerian duct, i, 28
- mullets, i, 117, 268, 328; ii, 39, 144, 215, 219, 221
- Mullidæ, i, 206; ii, 257, 351-379
- Mullus, i, 261, 393; ii, 256
- figure of, i, 322; ii, 352
- Munster, i, 423
- munu, i, 322; ii, 352
- Muræna, i, 211, 391; ii, 152
- figure of, ii, 153
- Murænesocidæ, ii, 150
- Murænesox, i, 211; ii, 150
- Murænidæ, i, 211; ii, 152, 155
- Murænolepidæ, ii, 541
- Murchison, i, 423
- murcielago, ii, 458
- muroaji, ii, 274
- muscles of the fish, i, 25
- muskallonge,
- figure of, ii, 192
- Musquaw whitefish, ii, 65
- Mustelus, i, 71, 541
- mutsu, ii, 317
- mutton-fish, i, 324; ii, 518
- mutton-snapper, ii, 335
- figure of, i, 331
- Mycteroperca, 271; ii, 325, 327
- figure of, ii, 327
- Myctophidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, 132-134, 526
- Myctophum, i, 195; ii, 133, 134
- figure of, ii, 133
- Myliobatis, i, 557, 558
- Mylognathus, i, 565
- Mylostoma, i, 583, 584, 587, 589, 590
- Mylostomidæ, i, 587
- myotomes, i, 71
- Myoxocephalus, ii, 445
- Myriacanthidæ, i, 566
- Myriacanthus, i, 566; ii, 255
- Myrichthys,
- figure of, ii, 151
- Myridæ, ii, 148, 150
- Myriolepis, ii, 14
- Myripristis, i, 162, 268, 271; ii, 254-256
- Myrocongridæ, ii, 153
- Myrophis, i, 313
- Myrus, i, 259, 263; ii, 150
- Mysis, i, 317
- Mysore,
- walking-fish of, i, 167
- mythology of fishes, i, 359-366
- Myxine, i, 198, 490, 593
- Myxinidæ, i, 489
- Myxobolus, i, 343
- Myxocyprinus, ii, 173
- Myxodagnus, ii, 506
- Myxodes, ii, 508
- Myxosporidia, i, 342, 344
- Myzontes, i, 486
- Nagg's head-fish, i, 375, 376
- Naisia, ii, 32
- namazu, ii, 188
- names of bones, i, 39
- names of fishes, i, 372
- nami-ho-hana, ii, 218
- Nandidæ, ii, 358
- Nannocharax, ii, 162
- Nansenia, ii, 127
- Narcine,
- figure of, i, 185, 553
- Narcobatidæ,
- family of, i, 553
- Narcobatis, i, 553
- Nardo, i, 412
- Nassau,
- figure of, ii, 324
- natural selection,
- effect of, i, 318
- in fishes, i, 218
- process of, i, 297
- species changed by, i, 240
- Naucrates, ii, 272, 278
- figure of, ii, 273
- Nantichthys, ii, 448
- Nebris, ii, 355
- Necturus, i, 157, 600
- needle-bearing filefish,
- figure of, ii, 414
- needle-fishes, i, 128
- figure of, ii, 210
- negro-chub, ii, 167
- negro-fish, ii, 324
- Nelson, i, 419
- Nemachilus, ii, 176
- Nematognathi, i, 405; ii, 9, 40, 161, 177, 178
- Nematistiidæ, ii, 278
- Nematocentrus, ii, 218
- Nematodes, i, 344
- Linton on, i, 352
- Nematonurus, ii, 541
- Nemichthyidæ, ii, 151
- Nemichthys, i, 211; ii, 151
- figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, 152
- jaws figured, i, 156
- Nemipterus, ii, 340
- Nemopteryx, ii, 539
- Neoceratodus, i, 79, 80, 100, 116, 204, 450, 613
- eggs of, i, 618
- figure of, i, 614
- lower jaw of, figured, i, 616
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 68, 609
- skull of, i, 67
- Neochanna, i, 252; ii, 206
- Neoclinus, ii, 462
- figure of, ii, 507
- Neoditrema, ii, 375
- Neoliparis, ii, 455
- figure of, ii, 455
- Neopercis, ii, 502
- Neosebastes, ii, 433
- nerka, ii, 73
- nerve cells and fibres, i, 152
- nerves of fishes, i, 113, 114
- nervous system, i, 109-114
- nest-building, ii, 229
- nest of fish, i, 14, 172
- Nettastoma, i, 211, 259; ii, 151
- Nettastomidæ, ii, 148, 151
- neurentric canal, i, 138
- Newberry, i, 426, 428, 584, 589
- New England,
- scanty fauna of, i, 302
- Newton, i, 426
- New Zealand,
- fauna of, i, 252
- nezupo, ii, 441
- nictitating membrane, i, 540
- nijinge-rijinge, i, 171, 172
- Nieuhof, i, 396
- Nilsson, i, 410
- Niphon, ii, 320
- nohu, ii, 434
- noises of fishes, i, 168, 169
- Nomeidæ, ii, 283
- nomenclature, i, 173
- beginning of, i, 374
- trinomial, i, 378
- of trunkfishes, i, 373
- Nordmann, i, 410
- northern blennies, ii, 511
- northern zone, i, 250
- Norway haddock, ii, 428
- Notacanthidæ, ii, 157
- Notacanthus, ii, 157, 532
- figure of, ii, 158
- Notæus, ii, 36
- Notagogus, ii, 26
- figure of, ii, 28
- Notelops, ii, 44
- Notidiani, i, 447, 513, 519, 526
- order of, i, 523
- Notidanoid shark, i, 438
- skull of, figured, i, 56
- Notidanus, i, 523, 524
- notochord, i, 55, 56, 509
- in Chimæras, i, 59
- in Elasmobranchs, i, 57
- Notogeneus, i, 456
- figure of, ii, 55
- Notopteridæ, ii, 48, 49
- Notopterus, ii, 49
- Nototheniidæ, ii, 501, 502, 533
- Notropis, i, 129, 283, 304, 307, 311, 313; ii, 164
- Noturus, i, 180; ii, 177, 182
- Novaculichthys, ii, 390
- Novara, i, 410
- Nozawa, i, 418
- numbers of genera, i, 262
- numbfish,
- figure of, i, 185, 553
- number of vertebræ, i, 202-204
- nuptial colors, i, 155, 156
- nuptial tubercles, i, 33
- figure showing, ii, 167
- Nyström, i, 416
- oarfish, i, 361; ii, 472
- Oatka Creek, i, 282
- Oblata, i, 260; ii, 348
- ocean currents,
- agency of, i, 242
- Ocyurus,
- figure of, ii, 337
- Odacidæ, ii, 388
- Odax, ii, 390
- Odontaspididæ, i, 533
- Odontaspis, i, 534
- Odontoscion, ii, 355
- Odontostomus, ii, 136
- Odontotodontidæ, i, 576
- Odontotodus,
- figure of, i, 570
- Ogcocephalidæ, ii, 551
- Ogcocephalus,
- figure of, ii, 551-553
- shoulder-girdle in, i, 88
- Ogilby, i, 408, 416
- on ragfishes, ii, 285
- oil shark, i, 524
- Oikopleura, i, 474
- ojanco, ii, 337
- okose, i, 236, 429; ii, 436
- oldwench, ii, 413
- oldwife, ii, 413
- Old World catfish, ii, 182
- olfactory lobe,
- figure of, i, 111
- Oligocottus, ii, 447, 449
- figure of, ii, 449
- Oligopleuridæ, ii, 36, 41
- Oligopleurus, ii, 36
- Oligoplites, ii, 272
- Oligorus, ii, 320
- ombre chevalier, ii, 108, 109
- Omosoma, ii, 284
- Omosudis, ii, 136
- Onchus,
- Agassiz on, i, 530
- fin-spine of, i, 509
- Oncobatis, i, 553
- Oncottus, i, 317; ii, 447, 449
- figure of, ii, 447
- Oncolepis, ii, 513
- Oncopterus, ii, 489
- Oncorhynchus, i, 146, 160, 301, 329, 332; ii, 68, 70, 89, 94
- ontogeny, i, 511
- ontology, i, 63
- oopu, ii, 465
- Onychodontidæ, i, 602, 604
- Onychodus, i, 604
- opahs, i, 210; ii, 243
- opercle, i, 7, 45
- opercula,
- used in climbing, ii, 367
- operculum, ii, 7
- Ophicephalidæ, ii, 370
- Ophidiidæ, ii, 520
- Ophidion, i, 391, 612
- Ophichthyidæ, i, 211; ii, 150
- Ophichthus,
- figure of, ii, 151
- Ophiocephalidæ, i, 103, 104; ii, 215
- Ophiocephalus, i, 149
- figure of, i, 150
- Ophiodon, ii, 442, 518, 520
- figure of, ii, 440
- Ophioblennius, ii, 510
- Ophiopsis, ii, 26
- Ophocephalus,
- figure of, ii, 370
- Opistharthri, i, 509
- Opisthocentrus, ii, 512
- Opisthocœlian, i, 49; ii, 29
- Opisthocœlous, ii, 6
- Opisthognathidæ, ii, 330, 359, 499, 502
- Opisthognathus, ii, 462, 508
- figure of, ii, 360
- Opisthomi, i, 611; ii, 499, 532-542
- Opisthomyzon, ii, 469
- Storms on, ii, 469
- Opisthonema, ii, 51, 53
- opisthure, i, 84
- Oplegnathus, i, 260
- Opsanus, ii, 525
- figure of, ii, 524
- Opsariichthys, ii, 165
- optic nerves,
- of flounders, ii, 482
- orbitophenoid, ii, 40
- orca, i, 361, 536
- order,
- defined, i, 373
- organs of the fish,
- electric, i, 25
- of hearing, i, 119-121
- nutritive, i, 29
- Orectolobus, i, 533
- Orestias, ii, 200
- Oregon lamprey,
- figure of, i, 496
- Oregon sucker,
- teeth of, figured, ii, 175
- Ordovician deposits,
- figure of, i, 435
- origin,
- of air-bladder, i, 98
- of fins, i, 62, 64, 67
- of lungs, i, 98
- origin of lancelets,
- Willey on, i, 484
- Orodontidæ, i, 65, 66, 447, 528
- Orr,
- on external gill, i, 77
- Ortmann, i, 238, 256, 270
- map of continents, i, 270
- Orthacanthus, i, 521
- Orthodon, ii, 165
- Orthopristis, ii, 342
- Orthopsetta, i, 206; ii, 489
- Orthostœchus, i, 271
- Osbeck, i, 389
- Osbeckia, ii, 414
- figure of, ii, 414
- Osborn,
- on extinction of species, i, 239, 442
- on law of radiation, i, 296
- Osmeroides, ii, 44, 134
- Osmerus, i, 391; ii, 123, 127
- figure of, ii, 123
- Osphromenidæ, ii, 368, 370
- Osphromenus, ii, 368
- ossicles,
- Hasse on, i, 96
- Ostariophysi, i, 120; ii, 38, 40, 140, 209
- series of, ii, 159-165
- Osteoglossidæ, ii, 56, 60, 160
- Osteoglossum, ii, 11, 41, 42, 56, 57
- Osteolepis, i, 602-604
- Osteostraci, i, 568, 571, 573, 590
- order of, i, 575
- Ostichthys,
- figure of, ii, 255
- Ostraciidæ, i, 568
- family of, ii, 415
- Ostracion, i, 206, 373, 391; ii, 416-418
- figure of, i, 16, 376; ii, 416
- Ostracodermi, i, 568; ii, 398, 411, 415
- Ostracophores, i, 240, 242, 246, 444, 488, 568, 581, 582, 590, 603; ii, 3
- figure of, i, 444
- nature of, i, 569
- order of, i, 573
- Ostracophori, i, 462
- class of, i, 568, 569
- Osurus, ii, 502
- Otaki, i, 418, 422
- Otodus, i, 538
- otoliths, i, 119-121; 354
- Otsego bass, ii, 64
- Ouananiche, ii, 92, 93
- Overland Monthly,
- reference to, ii, 69
- oviducts, ii, 6
- oviparous fishes, i, 125
- ovoviviparous fishes, i, 125, 550
- Owen, i, 88, 90, 424, 428
- Owsjannikow, i, 428
- Owston,
- sharks taken by, i, 534
- Oxuderces, ii, 468
- Oxudercidæ, ii, 468
- Oxygnathus, ii, 14
- Oxylabracidæ, ii, 320, 327
- family of, ii, 319
- Oxylabrax, ii, 320, 355
- figure of, ii, 319
- Oxylebius, ii, 440
- Oxyjulis, ii, 388
- Oxymonacanthus, ii, 415
- Oxynotidæ, i, 546
- Oxynotus, i, 546
- Oxystomus, i, 259
- oyster-fish, ii, 525
- Ozorthe, ii, 513
- figure of, i, 9; ii, 513
- Pachycormidæ, ii, 34
- Pachycormus, ii, 34
- Pachylebias, ii, 201
- Pachyrhizodontidæ, ii, 44
- Pachyrhizodus, ii, 44
- Pacific Creek, i, 308, 309
- paddle-fish, i, 199, 253, 290; ii, 20
- Pagellus, i, 260, 267; ii, 344, 346
- Pagrus, i, 94, 259, 263, 324; ii, 343, 344, 346
- figure of, ii, 342
- paired fins,
- in Acanthodei, i, 515
- Balfour on, ii, 8
- migration of, i, 75
- origin of, i, 64
- Ryder on, i, 66
- paired limbs,
- Dean on, i, 81
- Mivart on, i, 70
- relation of, i, 69
- Thacker on, i, 70
- Gill on, i, 85
- palæichthyologists, i, 424, 426, 427
- palæichthyology, i, 426
- Palæichthys, ii, 3
- Palæobalistum, ii, 22
- Palæoniscidæ, i, 452, 580; ii, 4, 14, 15, 23
- Palæoniscum, i, 437, 622
- palæontology, evidence of, i, 64
- Palæorhynchidæ,
- family of, ii, 268
- Palæorhynchus, ii, 268
- figure of, ii, 268
- Palæospinax, i, 528
- Palæospondylidæ, i, 593
- Palæospondylus, i, 204, 437, 444, 593, 595, 596
- figure of, i, 591
- relationships of, i, 593
- palatines, i, 6
- palatopterygoid arch, ii, 152, 155
- palato-quadrate apparatus, i, 508, 509, 523
- Palinurichthys, ii, 284
- Pallas, ii, 67, 135, 428, 522
- Pallasina, ii, 453
- figure of, i, 221; ii, 453
- Palœaspis, i, 575
- palometa, i, 324; ii, 283
- pampano, i, 210, 324; ii, 272-292
- panai feri, ii, 367
- Panama,
- as barrier, i, 270
- final hypothesis as to, i, 279
- pancreas, i, 32
- Pander, i, 427
- pan fish, ii, 355
- Panicum, ii, 369
- Pantodon, ii, 60
- Pantodontidæ, ii, 57
- Pantosteus, i, 304, 316; ii, 172
- papagallo, ii, 278
- papilla, i, 115
- Pappichthys, ii, 36
- Parabatrachus, i, 604
- Paracentropogon, ii, 436
- Paracentropristis, ii, 328
- Paracirrhites, ii, 363
- paraglenal, i, 90; ii, 12
- Paragobiodon, ii, 466
- Paralabrax, ii, 328
- Paralepidæ, ii, 136
- Paralichthys, i, 206; ii, 482, 486, 492
- Paraliparis, i, 202, 219; ii, 454, 455
- Paramia, ii, 317
- Paranguilla, ii, 150
- Paranthias, ii, 328
- Paraphyllodus, ii, 396
- Parapristipoma, ii, 342
- Parapegasus, ii, 240
- Parapercis, ii, 502
- Parasilurus, ii, 183
- parasites of fishes,
- crustaceans, i, 340
- figures illustrating, i, 341-344
- fungi, i, 353
- Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
- hosts of, i, 343
- internal, i, 342
- protozoans, i, 342
- parasitic diseases,
- Gurley on, i, 342
- Linton on, i, 343
- Megnin on, i, 343
- Railliet on, i, 343
- Stiles on, i, 343
- Ward on, i, 343
- parasitic fungi, i, 353
- parasitic worms,
- acanthocephala, i, 344
- cestodes, i, 344
- an article of food, i, 351
- nematodes, i, 344
- trematodes, i, 344
- Paratrachichthys, i, 439; ii, 295
- figure of, ii, 253
- Paraxus, i, 517
- Pareioplitæ, ii, 426-458
- parental affection in fishes, i, 166, 167
- Parexocœtus, ii, 214
- parent-stream theory, ii, 81
- Parequula, ii, 287
- pargo criollo, i, 324; ii, 335
- pargo de lo alto, ii, 336
- pargo guachinango, ii, 335
- pargos, ii, 333
- Park, i, 393
- Parker, i, 90, 428, 594; ii, 160, 482
- Parnell, i, 410
- Parophrys, ii, 493
- Parr, ii, 91
- Parra, i, 396
- parrot-fish, i, 21; ii, 56, 360, 385, 390, 393
- parts of skeleton, i, 35
- paru, ii, 405
- Patæcidæ, ii, 516
- Patæcus, ii, 514
- patao, ii, 348
- Patten, i, 428
- on Ostracophores, i, 569
- pesce re, ii, 218
- peacock flounders, ii, 488
- pearlfish, i, 84, 159; ii, 522
- figure of, i, 522, 523
- pêche prêtre, ii, 429
- Peck, i, 419
- pecten, ii, 6
- pectoral fin, i, 10, 521
- of Chiloscyllium, i, 66
- of codfish, i, 66
- figure of, i, 57, 66
- Gegenbaur on, i, 66, 67
- of Heptranchias, i, 57
- origin of, i, 67
- pectoral limb, i, 50
- of Dipnoan, i, 60
- figure of, i, 85
- Kerr on, i, 61
- in shark, i, 60
- peculiar,
- jaws and teeth, i, 201
- larval forms, i, 142
- pediculates, i, 51, 206, 207, 405; ii, 40, 499
- order of, ii, 542-553
- Pegador,
- figure of, i, 197; ii, 468
- pegapega, ii, 468
- Pegasidæ, ii, 240
- family of, ii, 239
- Pegasus, i, 393; ii, 240
- peixe rey, ii, 216
- pelagic fishes, i, 245
- vertebræ in, i, 209
- Pelamis, i, 364
- Pelargorhynchus, ii, 136
- Pelates, ii, 342
- Pelecanus, i, 345
- Pelecopterus, ii, 34
- pelican,
- fish parasites in, i, 345
- pelican-eel, ii, 156
- Pellegrin, i, 412
- on poisonous fishes, i, 182-184
- Pelor, i, 180; ii, 434
- Peltacephalata, i, 568
- pelvic girdle, i, 42
- Pempheridæ, ii, 288
- Pempheris, ii, 289
- penfishes, ii, 344
- Penella, i, 242
- Pennant, i, 396
- on parental affection in fishes, i, 166
- Pentacerotidæ,[14] ii, 333