Abraham Lincoln, Volume I

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denounced by Illinois legislature, i. 55;

disapprove emancipation with compensation, 80;

wish to induce Lincoln to join them, 95;

unpopular at North, 115;

difference of Lincoln from, 137, 138;

refuse to support Lincoln in 1860, 176, 177;

urge peaceful secession in 1861, 231;

denounce Lincoln for not making war an anti-slavery crusade, ii. 98, 99;

demand a proclamation of emancipation, 99;

unwisdom of their course, 102;

unappeased, even after emancipation proclamation, 119, 120;

their small numbers, 121;

their attitude toward Lincoln, 255-257.

Adams, Charles Francis,

letter of Seward to, on impossibility of war, i. 231;

appointed minister to England, 372;

instructions, 373-375;

complains to England of privateers, ii. 171;

complains of the Alabama, 172.

Adams, Charles F., Jr.,

enters Richmond with negro cavalry regiment, ii. 335.

Adams, John Quincy,

in Congress with Lincoln, i. 74.

Alabama,

not ready to secede, but opposed to coercion, i. 182, 183;

wishes Southern convention, 183;

secedes, 186.

Alabama,

Confederate privateer, ii. 172;

sunk by Kearsarge, 301.

Albert, Prince,

revises Palmerston's dispatch on Trent affair, i. 383.

Anderson, Robert,

signs Lincoln's certificate of discharge in Black Hawk war, i. 36;

commands at Fort Moultrie in 1860, 185;

moves forces to Sumter, 243;

asks instructions in vain, 343;

appeals to Lincoln, 244;

refuses to surrender Sumter, 248.

Andrew, Governor John A.,

prepares Massachusetts militia, i. 256;

asks United States for muskets, 257;

sends on troops, 257.

Anthony, Henry B.,

in Senate in 1861, i. 297.

Antietam,

battle of, ii. 85, 86.

Arkansas,

refuses to furnish Lincoln troops, i. 255;

at first Unionist, finally secedes, 269;

campaign of Curtis in, 351;

reconstructed, ii. 295;

chooses electors, 295.

Armstrong, Jack,

his wrestling match with Lincoln, i. 18, 19;

his later friendship with Lincoln, 19;

aids him in politics, 19.

Arnold, Isaac N.,

in House in 1861, i. 297;

describes drilling of Army of Potomac, 307;

on importance of Lincoln's action in Trent case, 385;

introduces bill abolishing slavery under federal jurisdiction, ii. 13;

on composition of Gettysburg address, 213;

dreads danger in election of 1864, 245;

Lincoln's only supporter in Congress, 247;

refusal of Lincoln to help in campaign, 289;

on Lincoln's attempt to push thirteenth amendment through Congress, 318;

on second vote on thirteenth amendment, 325.

Arnold, Samuel,

accomplice of Booth, tried and condemned, ii. 351.

Ashley, James M.,

in House in 1861, i. 297;

moves to reconsider thirteenth amendment, ii. 318.

Ashmun, George,

presides over Republican Convention of 1860, i. 167.

Assassination of Lincoln,

plot of 1861, i. 209-216;

threats during term of office, ii. 342-344;

successful plot of 1865, 345-353;

death of Booth, 349;

trial and punishment of other persons concerned, 350-353.

Atlanta,

battle of, ii. 283.

Atzerodt, Geo. A.,

accomplice of Booth, tried and condemned, ii. 350-352.

in Illinois campaign of 1838, i. 59;

at Illinois bar, 68;

candidate for Congress, 71;

elected, 72;

his agreement with Lincoln and others, 72;

introduces Lincoln at inauguration, 220;

killed at Ball's Bluff, 308;

responsible for disaster, 309.

Ball's Bluff,

battle of, i. 308, 309.

Banks, Nathaniel P.,

in Federal army, i. 319;

his corps in 1862, ii. 44;

defeated by Jackson, 54;

takes Port Hudson, 162.

Barnard, General John G.,

opposes McClellan's plan of campaign, i. 336;

on impossibility of taking Yorktown, ii. 38.

Bates, Edward,

candidate for Republican nomination, i. 167;

favored by Greeley, 167;

his chances as a moderate candidate, 168;

vote for, 169, 170;

attorney-general, 234;

opposes reinforcing Sumter, 245.

Bayard, James A.,

in Senate in 1861, i. 297.

Beauregard, General P.G.T.,

commands at Charleston i. 244;

notified by Lincoln of purpose to reinforce Sumter, 248;

requests surrender of Sumter, 248;

commands bombardment, 249;

commands Confederate army at Manassas, 299;

at battle of Bull Run, 301;

at battle of Shiloh, 362;

evacuates Corinth, 364.

Bell, John,

candidate of Constitutional Union party, i. 166;

vote for, 178.

Benjamin, Judah P.,

denounces Buchanan, i. 200;

in Confederate cabinet, 206.

Bentonsville,

battle of, ii. 331.

Berry, Wm. F.,

his partnership with Lincoln, and failure, i. 39, 40.

Big Bethel,

battle of, i. 298.

Black, Jeremiah S.,

in Buchanan's cabinet, i. 188;

succeeds Cass in State Department, 198;

after vacillation turns toward coercion, 199, 200;

forces Buchanan to alter reply to South Carolina commissioners, 200.

Black Hawk war, i. 35, 36.

Blaine, James G.,

on purpose of war, ii. 4;

on Lincoln's order to McDowell to pursue Jackson, 53;

on crisis in congressional elections of 1862, 122;

on admission of West Virginia, 181;

on Vallandigham case, 187.

Blair, F.P., Jr.,

tries to keep Lee in Union army, i. 263;

leads Unionist party in Missouri, 269;

in House in 1861, 297;

confers with Davis, ii. 304.

Blair, Montgomery,

in Lincoln's cabinet, i. 234;

wishes to relieve Sumter, 245, 246;

at council of war, 324;

favors McClellan's plan of war, 330;

visits Missouri to investigate Fremont, 350;

arrested by Fremont, 350;

warns Lincoln that emancipation proclamation will lose fall elections, ii. 123;

hated by radicals, 287;

his dismissal urged, 287;

upheld by Lincoln, 288;

resigns at Lincoln's request, 288;

wishes chief-justiceship, 298.

Blenker, General Louis,

favors McClellan's plan of campaign, i. 336;

sent to strengthen Fremont, ii. 35.

Booth, John Wilkes,

murders Lincoln, ii. 346, 347;

his character, 347, 348;

his end, 348, 349.

Border States,

necessity of retaining in Union, i. 255;

dealings of Lincoln with, in 1861, 265-268;

their neutrality policy explained in annual message, 292;

both pro-slavery and Unionist, ii. 3;

desire to conciliate controls Lincoln's policy, 3;

with their slave property guaranteed by North, 3;

oppose bill freeing slaves used in war, 5;

oppose other anti-slavery bills, 11-15;

irritated by congressional policy, 18, 19;

urged by Lincoln to agree to emancipation, 21, 22, 24-27;

refuse to approve, 22, 26, 27;

Lincoln's policy toward, denounced by Abolitionists, 103, 104;

their support in 1862 saves Lincoln, 125.

Boutwell, George S.,

urges emancipation upon Lincoln, ii. 116.

Bragg, General Braxton,

invades Kentucky, ii. 154;

outmarched by Buell, 154;

at battle of Stone's River, 155;

retreats, 156;

reinforced, 163;

at battle of Chickamauga, 164;

besieges Chattanooga, 165;

defeated by Grant, 166, 167.

Breckenridge, John C.,

elected Vice-President, i. 101;

nominated by South for President, 164;

carries Southern States, 178;

announces election of Lincoln, 208;

expelled from Senate, 297.

Bright, Jesse D.,

expelled from Senate, i. 297.

Brooks, Preston S.,

assaults Sumner, i. 99;

praised at the South, 100.

Brough, John,

nominated for governor in Ohio and elected, ii. 192.

Brown, Aaron V.,

in Buchanan's cabinet, i. 188.

Brown, B. Gratz,

supports Fremont against Lincoln in 1864, ii. 255.

Brown, Mayor Geo. W.,

thinks Maryland will secede, i. 258;

burns bridges and cuts wires north of Baltimore, 259.

Browning, O.H.,

at Illinois bar, i. 68.

Bryant, William Cullen,

introduces Lincoln in New York, i. 153;

favors postponement of Republican convention in 1864, ii. 261.

Buchanan, James,

nominated by Democrats, i. 101;

elected President, his character, 102;

refers to Dred Scott decision in inaugural address, 102;

his recognition of Lecompton Constitution in Kansas, 105;

despised by Douglas, 108;

accused by Lincoln of plotting to make slavery national, 126;

his hard situation in 1860, 180;

distracted in body and mind, 181;

receives secession commissioners of South Carolina, 186;

a Unionist in feeling, 187;

his message on secession, 188, 189;

wishes to shirk responsibility, 189;

declares coercion unconstitutional, 189;

ridiculed by Republicans, 190;

excuse for his position, 190, 195;

declines to receive Southern commissioners, 199;

virtually abdicates power to cabinet, 200;

denounced by South, 200;

forced to appoint Dix to Treasury Department, 200, 201;

calls extra session of Senate to aid Lincoln, 234;

his futile policy towards Fort Sumter, 243.

Buckner, General Simon B.,

surrenders Fort Donelson, i. 354.

Buell, General D.C.,

his resemblance in character to McClellan, i. 352;

refuses to seize East Tennessee, 352, 353;

snubbed by McClellan, 353;

recommended by Halleck for promotion, 355;

takes Nashville, 360;

saves battle of Shiloh, 362;

allows slave-owners to reclaim fugitives, ii. 8;

seizes Louisville before Bragg, 154;

opposes Halleck's plan to invade Tennessee, 155;

resigns, 155.

Bull Run,

first battle of, i. 300-302;

second battle of, ii. 77.

Burlingame, Anson D.,

hopes that Douglas will join Republicans, i. 116.

Burns, Anthony,

seized as a slave in Boston, i. 99.

Burnside, General Ambrose E.,

commands in North Carolina, i. 348;

given command of Army of Potomac, ii. 92;

at Fredericksburg, 136, 137;

loses confidence of army, 137, 138;

ordered by Lincoln to do nothing without informing him, 138;

offers to resign, 138;

wishes to dismiss several generals, 138;

resigns, 138;

his campaign in East Tennessee, 163, 164;

relieved by Sherman, 167;

alarmed at Copperheads, 184;

commands in Ohio, 185;

issues order threatening traitors, 185;

tries and condemns Vallandigham, 186;

comment of Lincoln on, 187;

offers resignation, 187.

Butler, Benjamin F.,

takes possession of hill commanding Baltimore, i. 260;

commands at Fortress Monroe, 298;

commands at New Orleans, 358;

keeps slaves as "contraband of war," ii. 5;

"bottled" at Bermuda Hundred, 280.

Butterfield, Justin,

at Illinois bar, i. 68.

refuses to liberate Merryman on Taney's writ, i. 288.

Calhoun, John,

appoints Lincoln deputy surveyor, i. 41.

Calhoun, John C.,

his speech on Compromise of 1850, i. 90.

California,

annexed, i. 86;

gold fever in, 87;

asks admission as State, 87;

prohibits slavery, 87;

refusal of South to admit, 88;

admitted, 91.

Cameron, Simon,

candidate for Republican presidential nomination in 1860, i. 167;

sells his vote for promise of a place in cabinet, 169, 170;

willing to sacrifice anything to save Union, 197;

secretary of war, 234;

difficulty over his appointment, 236;

opposes relieving Fort Sumter, 245;

refuses muskets to Massachusetts militia, 257;

wishes to leave War Department, 326;

appointed minister to Russia, 326;

instructs Butler not to return slaves, ii. 5;

authorizes Sherman to use negroes, 8;

suggests arming slaves in annual report, 9;

his report suppressed by Lincoln, 9;

supports Lincoln for reëlection, 260.

Campbell, Judge John A.,

acts as intermediary between Seward and Confederate commissioners, i. 239, 245;

on Confederate Peace Commission, ii. 305.

Cartwright, Peter,

defeated by Lincoln for Congress, i. 73;

his character as itinerant preacher, 73.

Cass, Lewis,

attacked by Lincoln in Congress, i. 79;

in Buchanan's cabinet, 187;

wishes to coerce South, 198;

resigns when Buchanan refuses to garrison Southern forts, 198.

Caucus,

denounced by Whigs in Illinois, i. 49.

Cedar Mountain,

battle of, ii. 76.

Chambrun, Comte de,

on Lincoln's magnanimity, ii. 344.

Chancellorsville,

battle of, ii. 141, 142.

Chandler, Zachariah,

in Senate in 1861, i. 296;

denounces conservatives, ii. 213;

threatens Lincoln, 232.

Chase, Salmon P.,

in debate on Compromise, i. 90;

candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, 167, 169, 170;

secretary of treasury, 234;

objected to by Pennsylvania protectionists, 236;

wishes to reinforce Sumter, 245, 246;

dislikes subordination to Lincoln, 275, 276;

wishes McClellan to advance, 324;

asks him his plans and is snubbed, 325;

favors Lincoln's plan of campaign, 330;

on ease of a victory, 341;

considers Lincoln inefficient, ii. 104;

leader of discontented Republicans, 109, 176;

on Lincoln's responsibility for emancipation proclamation, 117, 118;

suggests an addition to it, 131;

wishes to present bankers to Lincoln, 170;

left undisturbed in control of Treasury, 170, 171;

his resignation taken by Lincoln, 177;

letter of Lincoln to, 178;

hesitates to withdraw resignation, 178;

finally does so, 179;

irritated by Lincoln's independence, 247;

becomes candidate for Republican nomination, 248;

not feared by Lincoln, 248, 249;

his offer to resign declined, 250;

fails to obtain support, 251;

withdraws name, 251;

continues to dislike Lincoln, 252;

frequently offers resignation, 253;

finally leaves office, 253;

on bad terms with Blair, 287;

appointed chief justice, 298, 299.

Chestnut, James,

defies North in 1860, i. 196.

Chickamauga,

battle of, ii. 164.

Chittenden, L.E.,

on danger of a recognition of Confederacy by England, i. 387.

Cisco, John J.,

quarrel over appointment of his successor, ii. 253.

Clay, Henry,

admired by Lincoln, i. 71;

less admired after his visit at Ashland, 71;

offers Compromise of 1850, 89.

Clinton, George,

denounced in New York for calling secession "rebellion," i. 194.

Cobb, Howell,

in Congress with Lincoln, i. 74;

on "making better terms out of the Union than in it," 183;

in Buchanan's cabinet, 187;

candidate for presidency of South, 188;

resigns from cabinet, 198.

Cochrane, General John,

nominated for Vice-President, ii. 258.

Cold Harbor,

battle of, ii. 280.

Colfax, Schuyler,

expects Douglas to join Republicans, i. 116;

in House in 1861, 297;

on Lincoln's tenacity, ii. 114;

announces passage of thirteenth amendment, 326.

Collamer, Jacob,

in Congress with Lincoln, i. 74;

vote for, in Republican Convention of 1860, 169;

in Senate in 1861, 297.

Colonization,

favored by Lincoln, i. 139;

ii. 11, 126.

Compromise of 1850,

history of, i. 89-91.

Confederate States,

formed by convention, i. 205;

organization of, 205, 206;

sends commissioners to United States, 238;

its envoys rejected by Lincoln, 238-240;

prepares to seize Fort Sumter, 244;

amused at Lincoln's call for volunteers, 255;

receives Virginia, 264;

belligerency of, recognized by England and France, 371, 372;

refusal of Lincoln to receive Stephens embassy from, ii. 152, 153;

sells bonds in England, 172, 173;

dealings of supposed emissaries from, with Greeley, 268-270;

refusal of Lincoln to negotiate with, 302;

dealings of Blair with, 304;

sends commissioners, 305;

conference of Lincoln and Seward with commissioners of, 305, 306;

government of, collapses, 333, 334.

Congress,

proposes amendment to Constitution to protect slavery, i. 201, 202;

counts electoral votes, 207, 208;

extra session called, 254;

votes to support Lincoln, 298;

creates Committee on Conduct of War, 321, 322;

discusses battle of Shiloh, 362;

passes Crittenden resolution disavowing slavery as cause of war, ii. 4;

passes bill freeing slaves used in war, 5;

refuses to reaffirm Crittenden resolution, 11;

passes bill for emancipation in District, 11;

prohibits officers to return fugitive slaves, 12;

abolishes slavery in Territories, etc., 13, 14;

passes act freeing slaves of rebels, 14;

passes act to arm negroes, 15-17;

fails to provide equal pay, 18;

ignores Lincoln's wishes to conciliate Border States, 20;

passes resolution to cooperate with States adopting emancipation, 23;

unpopularity of Lincoln with, 104, 105;

continues in 1862 to oppose Lincoln, 126;

fails to pass bill offering compensated emancipation to Missouri, 129;

character of, in 1863, 212, 213;

accepts Representatives from reconstructed Louisiana, 220;

jealous of Lincoln's plan of reconstruction, 227;

desires to control matter itself, 228;

passes reconstruction bill, 230-232;

wishes to supplant Lincoln by Chase, 246-248;

creates lieutenant-general, 276;

refuses to recognize electors from Southern reconstructed States, 295, 296;

fails to adopt thirteenth amendment, 318;

after election of 1864, passes amendment, 324-327.

Conkling, James C.,

letter of Lincoln to, ii. 201-207.

Conkling, Roscoe,

in House in 1861, i. 297.

Constitution,

slavery compromises in, i. 82;

in relation to doctrine of non-intervention, 88;

in relation to slavery in States, 132, 133;

in relation to emancipation, 133, 134;

in relation to popular sovereignty and Dred Scott decision, 142, 143;

attitude of Abolitionists and Republicans toward, 176;

its relation to secession, Buchanan's view, 188-190;

proposal to amend, in 1861, 201, 202;

its relation to secession, Lincoln's view, 219, 221, 293;

in relation to blockade, 284, 285;

strained by civil war, 285;

war powers of, used by Lincoln, 285, 286;

in connection with suspension of habeas corpus, 286-291;

makes President commander-in-chief, 318;

in relation to act abolishing slavery in Territories, ii. 14;

desire of Abolitionists to ignore, 100, 109;

Lincoln's view of, as forcing issue of war to be the Union, 101, 102, 107, 108;

in relation to emancipation proclamation, 111, 113, 315;

strained by admission of West Virginia, 180, 181;

really in abeyance, 208;

in relation to reconstruction, 216, 217;

justifies "military governors," 217, 218;

in regard to relative powers of executive and Congress in reconstruction, 232;

as to power of Congress over electoral count, 296, 297;

proposal to amend so as to abolish slavery, 317, 318;

passage of thirteenth amendment by Congress, 324-327.

Constitutional Union party,

its origin and aims, i. 165, 166;