Celtic Scotland

INDEX.

Abbacia or Abthanrie, definition of, ii. 343343, 393393; iii. 261, 283.
Abbacy, law of succession to, ii. 6666.
Aberbuthnot, thanage of, iii. 259.
Abercorn (Aebbercurnig), i. 368368;
- monastery, 133133, 262262, 268268; ii. 224224.
Aberdeen, bishopric of, ii. 378378;
- thanage of, iii. 86, 253.
Aberdour (Fifeshire), church of, dedicated to St. Fillan, ii. 3333.
Aberkerdor, thanage of, iii. 251.
Aberlemno (Aberlemenach), thanage of, iii. 262, 264.
Abernethy (site of Orrea?), i. 7474;
- church of, said to be founded by Nectan, 135135; ii. 3232;
- also by Garnard, i. 305305;
- homage of Malcolm Ceannmor at, 424424;
- church of, dedicated to St. Bridget, ii. 309309, 326326;
- round tower of, built by Irish clergy, temp. Kenneth MacAlpin, 309-10;
- primacy transferred to, ib.
Abers and Invers, on the distribution of, i. 220-222.
Aberte. See Dunaverty.
Aboyne. See Obeyn.
Abravannus, river (the Luce), i. 6666.
Abthanries, iii. 83, 261, 283.
Acca, bishop in Hexham, i. 275275; ii. 222222.
Adamnan, ninth abbot of Hii or Iona, i. 245245, 269269;
- his first mission to Northumbria, ii. 170170;
- repairs the monastery of Iona, 171171;
- second mission to Northumbria, 171171;
- is converted to the prevalent manner of keeping Easter, 172172;
- attends the Synod of Tara, 173173;
- his death, 173173.
Adamnan’s Life of Columba, i. 2828.
Add, river, i. 6868, 216216; iii. 129.
Adhelstan, (legendary) king of the Saxons, i. 297-299.
Adrian, St., legend of, i. 320320; ii. 311311.
Aebba, first abbess of Coldingham, ii. 200200.
Aed, son of Boanta, Dalriada governed by, i. 305305, 308308.
Aed, son of Kenneth, king of the Picts (A.D. 877), i. 328-9.
Aed, son of Neill, king of Ireland, i. 330330.
Aeda Allan, head of the Cinel Eoghan, defeats Flaithbertach, king of Ireland, i. 289-90.
Aedh (Aed Finn), son of Eachach, slain in attempting to restore the kingdom of Dalriada, i. 300300.
Aedh, king of Ailech, gives battle to the fleet of the Gallgaidhel, i. 312312.
Aedh Finnliath, king of Ireland, i. 313313.
Aedilbald, king of Mercia, invades Northumbria (A.D. 740), i. 291291.
Aedilfrid, king of Bernicia and Deira, i. 236236, 239239, 244244;
- his sons take refuge in Iona, ii. 153153.
Aeduin (Edwyn), son of Ella, expelled from his kingdom of Deira by Aedilfrid, regains it and also Bernicia, i. 239239, 240240;
- his name left in Edwinesburg (Edinburgh), 240240;
- his conversion to Christianity, and baptism at York, ii. 154154;
- slain at Hatfield, i. 243243; ii. 155155.
Aelfred the Great, his struggles with the Danes, i. 349349.
Aelric, uncle of Aeduin, i. 244244.
Aethelstan (A.D. 925-40), grandson of Aelfred the Great, attacks Northumbria, i. 351351,
- - and invades Alban, 352352;
- league of the northern populations against him, ᚬ v1 352-53ᚬ;
- victories in the battle of Brunanburg, 353-60353-60;
- his death, 359359.
Aëtius, his aid asked for by the Britons, i. 144144, 148148.
Agned, Mt. (Edinburgh), i. 153153, 238238.
Agrestes, laws relating to, iii. 244.
Agricola, Julius, his arrival in Britain as governor, i. 4141;
- extent of the Roman province at this time, 4141, 4242;
- favourable circumstances under which his government commenced, 4242;
- characteristics of his administration, 4343;
- defeats the Ordovices, 4343;
- overruns districts on the Solway, 4343, 4444;
- ravages the Tay, 4545;
- fortifies as far as isthmus between the Forth and the Clyde, 4646, 4747;
- visits Argyll and Kintyre, 4747;
- his three years’ war north of the Forth, 48-5248-52;
- battle of ‘Mons Granpius,’ ᚬv1 52>-56ᚬ;
- his recall, 5757;
- result of his campaigns, 5757;
- the Caledonian tribes resume their independence, 58-6058-60.
Agricolæ, rustici, or husbandmen, laws relating to, iii. 244.
Aicill, Book of, iii. 176 seq.
Aidan, son of Gabran, inaugurated king of Dalriada by St. Columba, i. 143143, 229229, 247247, 249249;
- his death, 239239.
Aidan, first bishop of Lindisfarne, i. 251251; ii. 157157;
- death of, i. 253253;
- relics of, 259259;
- dedications to, 260260.
Aidh, clan, iii. 344-5.
Ailbhe, Cummene, fifth abbot of Iona, ii. 163163.
Ainbhcellaig, son of Fearchar Fada, king of Dalriada, i. 272272;
- slain, 284284.
Airdross (Aird of Ross), a mountainous region in Ross-shire, iii. 344.
Airgialla, Oirgialla, the term explained, i. 286-7286-7.
Airthrey (Aithrie, Athran), i. 341341; iii. 45.
Alani, the. See Vandals.
Alaster (MacAlasters), clan, iii, 330, 404, 408, 410, 468.
Alata Castra (the winged camp), a town of the Vacomagi, position of, i. 7474, 7575.
Alauna, town of, Inchkeith = the Giudi of Bede. See Giudi.
Alauna, a town of the Damnonii, i. 7474.
Alaunus, river (Allan, in Northumberland), i. 6666.
Alban, history of the men of, iii. 213.
Alban, Albania, an early appellation of that part of Britain situated to the north of the Forth and Clyde, i. 11, 22 (see Scotia);
- near the close of the ninth century the territory designated Pictavia is called the kingdom of Alban, 335335;
- Donald, son of Constantin, and grandson of Kenneth mac Alpin, first king of Alban, 335-9335-9;
- its division into seven provinces as given by Andrew, bishop of Caithness, probably applicable to the time of Constantin, son of Aedh, 340340; iii. 44 seq.;
- organisation of the provinces, i. 343343;
- kingdom attacked by Aethelstan, 352352;
- extent of the kingdom of Alban at the time when first designated Scotia, 395395, 398398;
- bishops of, ii. 323323, 327327, 329-331329-331 seq.;
- Tract entitled History of the Men of Alban, i. 230230; iii. 213.
Albanic Duan, the, a poem of the eleventh century, i. 184184.
Albinus, Clodius, governor of Britain, i. 7979;
- defeated and slain by Severus, at Lyons, 8080.
Alcluith, fastness of (Dumbarton), i. 130130, 139139;
- capital of the Britons of Alclyde, 236236.
- See Alclyde.
Alclyde, Britons of, territory of the kingdom of, i. 235235, 365365;
- its population and capital, its monarchs (called kings of Alcluith), 236236;
- after thirty years’ subjection to the Angles, 256256, they recover their independence, 267267, 271271;
- subjugated by Eadberct and Angus, 294-6294-6;
- the capital besieged by the Northmen under Amlaiph and Imhair, 324324;
- the term Cumbri first applied to the Strathclyde Britons, 326326;
- regain their independence, and elect Donald, son of Aedh, king of Alban, as their ruler, 346346;
- ravaged by the Saxons, and ceded to the Scots, 362362.
- See Cumbria.
Alcred, king of Northumbria, i. 300300.
Aldborough (Ealdburg), i. 359359.
Aldfrid, king of Northumbria, i. 268268.
Aldgaitha, half-sister of Ealdred, earl of Northumbria, i. 394394, 408408, 419419.
Aldred, son of Eadulf or Athulf, commander of Bamborough, i. 373373.
Aldred (Ealdred), son of Uchtred, earl of Bernicia, i. 399399, 408408.
Aldred, archbishop of York, i. 413413.
Aldun, Bishop, i. 385385.
Alexander I., son of Malcolm Ceannmor, reigns seventeen years (A.D. 1107-24), i. 447447;
- founds the monastery of Scone, 447447;
- also a priory on the island of Lochtay, 448448;
- his struggle for the Church’s independence, 448-451448-451;
- founds a monastery on the island of Inchcolm, 451451;
- dies at Stirling, and is buried in Dunfermline, 454454.
Alexander II., son of William the Lion, crowned at Scone, reigns thirty-five years (A.D. 1214-49), i. 483483;
- an insurrection against, headed by the families of MacWilliam and MacEth subdued by Ferquhard Macintagart of Applecross, 483483;
- subdues Argyll, 484484,
  - and Galloway, 487487;
- attempts the reduction of the Western Isles, 489489;
- dies at Kerrera, 490490.
Alexander III., crowned at Scone, reigns thirty-six years (A.D. 1249-1285), i. 490490;
- ceremony at his coronation, 490490;
- regency during his minority, 492492;
- contests the sovereignty of the Western Isles with king Hakon of Norway, 492492,
  - whom he defeats at Largs, 494494;
- annexes said Isles to the kingdom of Scotland, 495495;
- deaths of all his family, 496496;
- summons the Estates of Scotland to regulate the succession, 496496;
- marries his second wife, i. 496496;
- accidentally killed near Kinghorn, 497497;
- Scotland consolidated into one feudal monarchy in his reign, iii. 1;
- English possessions, 5;
- physical aspect of Scotland at this time, 9-15;
- population composed of six races, 15 seq.;
- Estates of the realm in 1283, 39.
Allan, river (Stirlingshire), i. 4545.
Allectus, a usurper, reigns three years in Britain, is defeated and slain by Constantius Chlorus, i. 9393, 9595, 129129.
Allelujatic victory, the, i. 150150, 151151.
Alltudion, in the Welsh tribe, analogous to the Irish Fuidhir, iii. 200.
Almond, river (Perthshire), Roman camp at its junction with the Tay, i. 4545, 8888, 266266, 381381.
- See Tula Aman.
—— river (Midlothian), i. 249249, 381381.
Alphabets, the Irish and Ogham, ii. 449449;
- Hill Burton’s opinion of the latter, 449-450449-450.
Alpin (son of Eochaidh), king of the Picts (A.D. 726), i. 286286;
- struggles after his accession, 287-9287-9;
- invades the Pictish province of Galloway, where he was slain, 291-2291-2.
Alpin, son of Wroid, king of the Picts (A.D. 775-80), called in the Ulster Annals Elpin, king of the Saxons, i. 301301.
Alpin the Scot (A.D. 832-4), father of Kenneth mac Alpin, attacks the Picts and is slain, i. 306306;
- traditional locality of the battle, 306-7306-7.
- See Picts.
Alwynus, bishop of Alban, ii. 336336.
Alyth, thanage of, iii. 276.
Amlaimh (Amlaiph, Olaf), Norwegian king of Dublin, i. 313313, 324324-326.
Amlaiph (Olaf), son of Indulph, king of Alban, slain by Kenneth, i. 370370.
Amra Choluim Chilli, ancient tract, quoted, ii. 123123, 145145; iii. 210.
Anchoretical life, its influence on the monastic church, ii. 233233;
- early developed in Ireland and Scotland, 245245.
Anchorites, called Deicolæ, God-worshippers, ii. 238238;
- also the people of God, 239239;
- attempts to bring them under monastic rule, 240240;
- brought under canonical rule, 242242;
- their existence in the Saxon Church, 245245;
- termed in Ireland Deoraidh De, 248248;
- also Ceile De, 251251;
- characteristics similar to the Deicolæ, 252252;
- brought under canonical rule in Ireland, 254254;
- in Scotland termed Keledei, 255255;
- adopt the canonical rule, 276276.
Andres (Rosses), clan, iii. 330, 365, 484.
Andrew, St., legends relating to, and the analysis of them, i. 296-99296-99;
- churches dedicated to him, 298298;
- Ceannrighmonaigh, the first name of the place where a church was founded in honour of his relics, which was then called Cellrighmonaid (Chilrymont, Kilrymont), 299299;
- relics of, brought to Hexham church, founded in his honour, ii. 221221.
Andrew, bishop of Caithness, his account of the seven provinces of Albania, i. 340340; iii. 44.
Angles, the, invade Britain with the Saxons and Jutes, i. 149149, 189-192189-192; ii. 1919;
- tribes of, and Frisians from the kingdom of Bernicia, i. 155155;
- language of, 193193;
- who they were and whence they came, 227227;
- Osuiu obtains dominion over the Britons, Scots, and Picts, 256256 seq.;
- effect of the defeat and death of Ecgfrid, 267267;
- position afterwards of the Picts, 268268, Scots and Britons, 271271;
- converted to Christianity, ii. 198198.
Angus, son of Fergus (Ungus, son of Uirguist), his reign as king of the Picts, i. 288288, 296296, 305-6305-6.
Angus, son of Somerled, iii. 35, 39, 293, 400.
Angus mor, son of Erc, king of Dalriada, iii. 120.
- See Erc.
Angus, Cinel, one of the three tribes of the Dalriadic kingdom, inhabiting Isla and Jura, i. 229229.
Angus, earldom of, iii. 289289.
Anlaf (Olaf, Anlaf Cuaran), son of Sitriuc, and son-in-law of Constantin, king of Alban, routed at Brunanburg, i. 352-7352-7;
- becomes king of Northumberland, 361361;
- exercises authority in the Islands, 354354; iii. 30;
- expelled by Eadmund, i. 361361;
- died at Hi-Choluimcille, 364364.
Anlaf, son of Godfrey, king of the Danes of Dublin, i. 353353, 357357, 361361.
Annales Cambriæ, the, i. 145145, 294294.
Annals of the Four Masters, i. 2424, 2525, 172172; iii. 108108, 113113, et passim.
Antona (the Don?), river, i. 3535.
Antoninus Pius, emperor, events in Britain in his reign, i. 76-7976-79;
- wall of, see Roman walls.
Antoninus Caracalla, emperor, son of Severus, makes peace with the barbarian British tribes, i. 9090, 9191.
Anwoth, i. 136136.
Aonghus Mor, great-grandson of Somerled, espouses the cause of Baliol, iii. 401;
- descendants, 401.
Aonghus Og (heir of Eoin), killed by his harper, iii. 404.
Apostasy of early churches, ii. 3939.
Applecross (Aporcrosan), church of, founded by Maelrubha, ii. 169169, 285285;
- condition of the church of, 411411.
Aralt, son of Sitriucc, lord of the Danes of Limerick, i. 376376.
Arbroath, monastery of, ii. 393393;
- chartulary of, 394394.
Ardargie, Roman fort at, i. 4545, 7474.
Ardchinnechun, i. 297297.
Ardcorann, battle of, i. 241241.
Arddanesbi, naval battle at, between Dalriadic tribes, i. 285285.
Ardderyd, battle of, i. 157157.
Ardnamurchan, iii. 428.
Ardoch, great Roman camps at, i. 4646, 5454, 7474, 8888.
Argathelia. See Arregaithel.
Argyll. See Arregaithel.
Aristotle, the British Isles alluded to by, under the names of Albion and Ierne, i. 3030.
Armagh, Book of, contents of, ii. 423423.
Arran, island of, i. 493493; iii. 213, 439.
Arregaithel (Argathelia, Airergaidhel, Earrgaoidheal), a district in the West of Scotland now called Argyll, iii. 48-51;
- visited by Agricola, i. 4747, 4848;
- traditionary accounts of the Scoti from Ireland effecting a settlement in Kintyre, 139-142139-142 (see Dalriada);
- becomes one of the seven provinces of the kingdom of Alban, or Scotia, 341341; iii. 45;
- its name, and extent at different times, 46, 48-9, 343;
- partition of the province, 78;
- divided into sheriffdoms, 88;
- formation of the diocese of Argyll or Lismore, ii. 408408.
Artgha (Arthgal), king of Strathclyde, slain, i. 325325.
Arthur, the, of Nennius, and his battles with the Saxons, i. 152152 seq.
Arthur’s O’on, i. 217217.
Asbiorn, Jarl, i. 420420.
Asclepiodotus, defeats Allectus, a usurper in Britain, i. 9393.
Athelstaneford, i. 298298.
Atholl, the name, i. 186186, 220220, 281281;
- kings of, 281281, 341341;
- a Pictish and Albanic province, iii. 43, 46;
- earldom of, 270, 272;
- sketch of, 288.
Attacotti, the, their territory, i. 101101, 129129;
- with Picts, Scots, and Saxons, invade the Roman provinces, 9999; iii. 9797;
- formed by Theodosius into Roman cohorts, and stationed in Gaul, i. 101101, 106106;
- called Honoriani, 105105;
- Attacots in Spain, 111111.
Augustine, St., bishop of Hippo, ii. 66.
Augustine (Austin), his mission to the Angles (A.D. 596), i. 192192.
Aulus Didius, a Roman commander in Britain, i. 3737.
Avendale (in Clydesdale), i. 295295.
Avienus Festus Rufus, the British Isles mentioned in his Description of the World, i. 3030.
Avon, river. See Antona.
Avon (Hæfe), river, western boundary of the district of Lothian, i. 240240, 241241, 270270, 291291, 424424.
Ay, clan, iii. 483483.

Badenoch, the Wolf of, iii. 308-310.
Badon Mount, the (Linlithgowshire), i. 145145, 149149;
- battle at, 153153.
Baedan, great-grandson of Loarn, i. 264264.
- See Kinelvadon.
Baliol and Bruce, as claimants for the Crown, iii. 72-74.
Ballimote, Book of, i. 172172;
- poems from, quoted, iii. 92, 99;
- cited, 338, 466 seq.
Balthere, St. (Baldred), church of, at Tyningham, destroyed by Anlaf, son of Godfrey, i. 361361; ii. 223223.
Balthere the anchorite, his monastery at Tyninghame, ii. 223223.
Bamborough (Bebbanburch, Dinguardi, the Dun Guare), fort erected by Ida in, i. 155155;
- the capital of Bernicia, 237237, 332332;
- attacked by Penda, 253253;
- lords of, 373-4373-4.
Banatia, town of the Vacomagi, i. 7575.
Banchory-Ternan, ii. 2929.
Banff, origin of the name, i. 220220.
Bangor, monastery of, founded by Comgall (A.D. 558), ii. 5555.
Barbarians, Britons who were hostile to the Romans so called, i. 3434, 3636.
Bardi the White, i. 377377.
Barid, son of Ottir, the jarl, i. 347347.
Barra, isle of, iii. 387, 430.
Barrichbyan, Campbells of, iii. 320.
Bartha-firdi (Firth of Tay?) i. 310310.
Basque or Iberian race, a, preceded the Celts in Britain and Ireland, i. 164164 seq.
Bassas (Bonny?), river, i. 153153.
Battledykes, a great camp near Forfar, i. 8686, 8787.
Beadulf, last Anglic bishop in Galloway, i. 311311; ii. 225225.
Bean, St. (Beanus), ii. 326326.
Beath, the name, iii. 63 n.
Becc, grandson of Dunchada, i. 273273.
Bede, the Venerable, i. 1313; iii. 91;
- his account of the Picts, i. 123123, 130130, 133133.
Belerium, Belerion (Land’s End), promontory of, i. 3131, 3333.
Belhelvie, thanage of, iii. 252.
Bellachoir (Bellathor), near Scone, i. 320320, 322322.
Benbecula, isle of, iii. 387.
Benefices, hereditary succession in, ii. 338338.
Berchan, St., Prophecy of, i. 142142, 143143, 325325, 327327, 330330, 338-9338-9, 403403.
Berct, a general of Ecgfrid’s, sent to ravage Ireland, i. 264-5264-5.
Berctfrid, prefect of the Northumbrians, defeats the Picts of Manann, i. 270270.
Beregonium, a misprint of Boece for Rerigonium, i. 7272; iii. 129.
Bernaeth (Bernith), leader in the Pictish revolt against the Angles of Northumbria (A.D. 672), i. 260260, 261261, 270270.
Bernicia, Anglic kingdom of, i. 155155, 156156;
- its extension to the Firth of Forth, 236-37236-37; iii. 19;
- united with Deira, i. 252252, 331331, 372372;
- attacked by the Northmen, 322-23322-23, 332332;
- governed by lords of Bamborough, 373373;
- Malcolm II. defeated in Northumbria, 385385;
- cession of Lothian to the Scots, 393393.
- See Osuald, Osuiu.
Beruvik (now Portyerrock), i. 390390.
Bethog, daughter of Somerled, iii. 400.
Biceot, son of Moneit, slain, i. 288288.
Bile (Beli), son of Neithon, and father of Oan and Brude, i. 250250, 263263.
Bile, son of Alpin, king of Alclyde, i. 271271, 285285.
Birrenswark hill, Roman remains on, i. 7272.
Birse, thanage of, iii. 256, 357.
Bishops and Presbyters, relative position of, under the monastic rule, ii. 4242.
Black mail, i. 417417.
Blackwater, river (Raasay), i. 183183, 319319.
Blair, hill and muir of, i. 5353;
- battle of, iii. 405.
Blairnroar, i. 328328.
Blathmac, son of Flann, martyrdom of, in Iona, i. 305305; ii. 300300, 305305.
Boadicea, or Bondiuca, queen of the Iceni, i. 3838.
Bochastle, Roman camp at, i. 4545.
Boderia of Ptolemy, and Bodotria of Tacitus = Firth of Forth, i. 6464, 216216.
Bodleian MSS. cited, iii. 475-6.
Boece, Hector, i. 1111, 1212, 2727 seq.; ii. 314314; iii. 364.
Boete (Bode), son of Kenneth, slain by Malcolm II., i. 399399, 406406.
Boethius (Buitte), St., among the Picts, i. 135135.
Bolgyne, lands of, i. 406406.
Bonifacius, St. (Kiritinus), legend of, i. 277277; ii. 229229.
Bonnach (Bonnage), a service exacted from tenants, iii. 256.
Boroughbridge, i. 358-9358-9.
Bovates (oxgangs) defined, iii. 224.
Bower, cited, iii. 308 seq., et al.
Bowness, i. 6161.
Boyd, isle of, iii. 430.
Boyne, thanage of, iii. 86, 250.
Bran, son of Angus, slain, i. 307307.
Brathwell (Braal) Castle, iii. 453.
Breasal, first sole abbot of Iona after the schism (A.D. 772-801), ii. 288-90288-90.
Brechin, dedication of, by Kenneth, son of Malcolm, i. 369369;
- bishopric of, ii. 395-398395-398.
Brechtraig, son of Bernith, slain, i. 270270.
Bredei, son of Wid. See Garnaid.
Breg (Bregia), plain of, devastated in A.D. 684 by Ecgfrid, i. 265265;
- in A.D. 839, by the Galls, 307307.
Brehon Laws, excerpts from, iii. 145.
Brekauche (Brecacha) Castle, Coll, description of, iii. 436.
Bremenium, town of the Otadeni (High Rochester, in Ryddisdale), i. 7171.
Brendan, St., of Clonfert, ii. 7676.
Brian Boroimhe, leads the native tribes of Ireland against the Danes, i. 386386;
- becomes king of all Ireland, 387387;
- falls in the final conflict at Cluantarbh, when the Danes and their auxiliaries were defeated, 388388.
Bridei (Bred, Bredei, Brude, Bruidhe). See Brude.
Bridget, St., i. 135135;
- Lives of, ii. 443443.
Brigantes, tribes of the, and their territory, i. 3535, 7171;
- their internal dissensions and subjugation by the Romans, 36-3936-39;
- overrun one of the provincial tribes, and are subdued by Lollius Urbicus, 7676.
Britain: Roman province in, see Romans in Britain;
- obscurity of history after the departure of the Romans, i. 114114;
- settlement of barbaric tribes in, 114114, 115115;
- ignorance of, by writers of sixth century, 115115, 116116;
- its position at the time as viewed from Rome, 117-9117-9;
- struggle for the dominion among the four races, 119119 seq.;
- Professor Huxley on the ethnology of, 164-5164-5;
- Roman troops withdrawn from, ii. 44.
Britannia, Prima and Secunda, two of the four Roman provinces of Britain, i. 9696, 9797, 103103.
British Isles, early notices of, i. 2929 seq.
Britons, provincial, influence of the Roman dominion on, i. 120120;
- description of the two great classes into which they may be divided, and the territory occupied by them respectively, 121121, 123123;
- language of, 193193;
- kingdom of the Britons of Alclyde, 235-6235-6;
- fall under the sway of the Angles, 256-7256-7;
- after thirty years they recover their liberty, 267267;
- Strathclyde Britons conform to Rome, ii. 219219.
Broom, Loch, i. 183183, 320320, 376376.
Bruce, Collingwood, his work on the Roman Wall, i. 6161, 9191, 112112.
Bruce, Robert. See Baliol.
Brude (Bridei), son of Mailcu, a Pictish king (A.D. 556-83) baptized by St. Columba, i. 136136, 137137, 142142;
- defeats the Scots of Dalriada, ii. 7878.
Brude (Bredei), son of Bile, king of the Picts (A.D. 672-693), his father, and mother, and grandfather;
- elected king in place of Drost, i. 262-3262-3;
- called king of Fortrenn, 264264, 268268;
- his death, 268-9268-9;
- legend regarding his body, 269269.
Brude (Bridei), son of Derile, king of Picts (ob. 706), i. 270270, 295295; ii. 258258.
Brude, son of Angus (A.D. 731-3), i. 289-90289-90.
Brude, son of Fergus, king of the Picts (A.D. 761-63), i. 299299.
Brude (Bred), son of Ferat, king of the Picts (ob. 844), i. 309309.
Brude, son of Fotel, king of the Picts, i. 310310.
Brunanburg (Ætbrunnanmere, Brunnanbyrig, Duinbrunde, Vinheidi, Wendune), battle of (A.D. 937), i. 353-6353-6; iii. 30;
- site of, i. 357-9357-9.
Brusi, son of Sigurd the Stout, i. 388388, 401401.
Brut of Tywysogion, a Welsh Chronicle, i. 197197, 294294.
Brutus (Brittus), the eponymus of the Britons, iii. 94.
Brychans, the two, and their families, ii. 3636.
Buchan, district of, i. 344344;
- fleet of the Sumarlidi cut off there, 365-6365-6;
- Mormaers of, iii. 55;
- Toisechs of, 56;
- earldom of, 287.
- See Mar.
Buchanan, George, i. 1212.
Buchanan, Maurice (Book of Pluscarden), iii. 311 seq.
Buchanan (W.), on the Highland Clans, iii. 349.
Buchanty, Roman station at, i. 7575.
Burdens on land, iii. 228-36.
Burghead, promontory of, i. 7474, 7575, 336336.
Burton, John Hill, referred to, i. 1111, 2222, 2727, 5252, 140140;
- his History of Scotland, 2020, 2121, 7575, 196196, 248248, 495495;
- his opinion of the Ogham character, ii. 449-50449-50.
Bute, inhabitants of, called Brandanes, from St. Brandan, ii. 7777;
- island of, iii. 89.
Buzzard Dykes, the encampment of Galgacus’ forces at the battle of Mons Granpius, i. 5353.

Cadroë, St., legend from the Life of, i. 319319;
- notice of, 325325.
Caech, loch da (Waterford), the Danes in, i. 347347.
Caedwalla (Catguollaun), king of the Britons, i. 243243, 244244.
Cære, river. See Carron.
Caeredin (Carriden), a British town on the Forth, i. 238238.
Caerini, a northern tribe, i. 7676.
Caerleon (Isca Silurum), i. 8181, 107107.
Caernech, St., legend of, ii. 4646.
Cailin, clan. See Campbells.
Cain and Conveth, dues from Crown lands, iii. 227-32, 262.
Cairbre, surnamed Righfhada or Rioda, i. 140140.
Cairpentaloch, i. 153153.
Caislen Credi. See Scone.
Caithness (Cathanesia, Cathannia), in the Pictish legend the territory of Cait, one of the seven sons of Cruithne, i. 186186;
- one of the seven provinces of the Pictish kingdom, 280280; iii. 4444;
- original extent of the district, i. 232232;
- attacked by Thorstein the Red, 326326;
- invaded by Sigurd, earl of Orkney, 336336,
  - and brought under Norwegian rule, 342342, 345345, 374374; iii. 4444, 4545;
- Thorfinn, Sigurd’s son, and grandson of Malcolm II., is made earl of Caithness and Sutherland, i. 389389, 401401;
- bishopric of, ii. 382382;
- earldom of, iii. 88, 7171;
- historical account of the earldom and earls of, 448-53.
Calathros (Calatrii, Catraeth), battles in, i. 247247, 291291;
- district of, 247247, 256256, 424424.
Caledones, or Caledonii, a section of the Picts, i. 9494, 9999, 100100, 127127, 130130;
- account of, by Tacitus, 58-6058-60;
- their territory, as given by Ptolemy, 7575, 7676;
- join with the Mæatæ in hostilities against the Roman province, 8080;
- campaign of Severus, 82-8982-89;
- characteristics of these ancient tribes, 8383.
Caledonia, the term by which that portion of Scotland north of the Forth and Clyde was known to the Romans, i. 11, 4040, 4141.
Caledonian Forest, the (Sylvia Caledonia), i. 4040, 4848.
Callender (Kalentyr), on the Carron, thanage of, iii. 277-8.
Calps paid by native-men, iii. 318;
- abolition of, 368.
Calphurnius Agricola, sent to Britain, i. 7979.
Cambuskenneth, chartulary of, i. 424424.
Cameron clan and its septs, iii. 313, 315, 331, 350, 479.
Camlann, battle of, i. 154154.
Campbells, the first on record (Gillespic), iii. 79;
- the clan, 330, 350, 458;
- the Clann Mhic Cailin, 121, 339.
Canaul (Conall), son of Tarla (Taidg), king of the Picts, i. 302302.
Candida Casa, church at, built by St. Ninian, i. 130130, 188188; ii. 33, 46-4946-49, 222222, 225225.
- See Whithern.
Canna, isle of, iii. 434.
Canons-regular (the black canons) of St. Augustine, introduced, ii. 374374;
- secular canons instituted, 241241.
Canteæ or Decantæ, a northern tribe, i. 7676.
Cantium (Kent), promontory of, i. 3131.
Caractacus, a British chief, i. 3737.
Caradoc of Llancarvan, i. 405405.
Carausius, reign of, in Britain, i. 91-9391-93, 9595, 129129.
Carbantorigum (in Kirkcudbright), a town of the Selgovæ, i. 7272, 217217.
Carham, battle of (A.D. 1018), i. 393393.
Carlisle (Caer Luel), i. 236236, 271271; iii. 81.
Carlowrie, i. 325325.
Carmichael, Alex., on the townships in the Outer Hebrides, iii. 378-93.
Carnones, a tribe of N. Britain, i. 7676.
Carriber (Cnuicc Coirpri), battle at, i. 291291.
Carrick, the name, iii. 102;
- earldom of, 70.
Carron (Cære), river, i. 249-50249-50, 270270, 290290, 424424.
Carstairs, Roman remains at, i. 7373.
Cartismandua, queen of the Brigantes, i. 3737.
Carucates (ploughgates), defined, iii. 224, 225.
Cassiterides (Tin Islands), name by which the British Islands were known to Herodotus, i. 2929;
- inhabitants of, 165165 seq., 226226.
Cat Bregion (Edinburgh), i. 153153.
Catgabail (Catgublaun, Catguollaun), king of Guenedotia, i. 246246.
Cathbad, three daughters of, iii. 128.
Cathbath, Cinel, a subdivision of the tribe of Loarn, i. 230230.
Cathbuaidh, the crozier of St. Columba, used as a standard in battle, i. 339339, 348348.
Cathmail, the name, i. 291-2291-2.
Catlon, king of the Britons, slain, i. 245245.
Catraeth. See Calathros.
Catrail, rampart of the, i. 235235.
Catscaul (Cad-ys-gual), battle of, near Hexham (A.D. 634) between Osuald and the king of the Britons [Catlon?], i. 245-6245-6.
Cawdor, thanage of, iii. 248.
Ceile De. See Anchorites.
Ceile or tenants, iii. 144 seq.
Celidon (Coit), the Caledonian wood, i. 153153.
Cellach, son of Aillel, abbot of Kildare and Iona (A.D. 865), ii. 291291, 308308, 433433.
Cellach, first bishop of St. Andrews (c. A.D. 906) holds with Constantin, son of Aedh, a solemn assembly on the Mote Hill of Scone: its bearing on the rights and liberties of the Church, i. 340340; ii. 323-4323-4.
Celnius, river (Devern), i. 6767;
- (Cullen), 216216.
Celtic church. See Church, Scottish.
Celtic earldoms, break-up of the:
- Moray, iii. 287;
- Buchan, 287;
- Athole, 288;
- Angus, 289;
- Menteath and Stratherne, 290;
- Mar, 291;
- Ross, 291;
- Lennox, 300.
- See Earldoms, Provinces.
Celtic language, the two branches of the British and Gadhelic, i. 193193, 194194, 226226;
- comparison of its different dialects, 204204 seq.; ii. 448-60448-60.
- See Languages, Topography.
Celtic population, early traditionary origins of, as given in the ethnic legends, iii. 91-96;
- linguistic, 96;
- historical, 97;
- Cymric, 100;
- Pictish, 107.
- See Highlands.
Cendaeladh, a Pictish king, i. 137137.
Cennanus. See Kells.
Ceolfrid, abbot of Jarrow, his correspondence with Nectan, king of the Picts, as to the time of celebrating Easter, i. 278-9278-9; ii. 172172.
Ceoluulf, king of Northumbria, i. 275275, 291291.
Challow (Coll), Laird of, iii. 434, 436.
Chalmers, George, remarks on his Caledonia, i. 1919, 4848, 7373, 7777, 8787, 140140, 196196;
- error as to the colonisation of Galloway by the Irish Cruithne, 132132;
- also as to Girig, son of Dungaile, 330330;
- his objections to the genuineness of certain letters-patent said to be granted to the earl of Mar (A.D. 1171), iii. 442.
Chariots used in war by the Caledonians, i. 5555, 8383.
Chattan clan and its septs, sketch of, iii. 313, 315, 330, 478.
Chester, i. 8181, 107107, 382382.
Cheviot hills, i. 77, 99; iii. 135.
Chorischia, a part of Scotland overrun by the Chorischii, i. 182182, 183183.
Christianity: introduced into Scotland through two different channels—Roman and Columban, the Southern Picts and the Strathclyde Britons (through St. Ninian and St. Kentigern) adhering to the first, and the Northern Picts (through Columba) to the second, i. 130130, 132132, 142142; ii. 2626 seq. (see also Whithorn, Columba, Picts);
- the churches derived from each different in character and in spirit, i. 258258 seq., 275275; ii. 88, 150150 seq., 207-225207-225, 344-50344-50.
Church, the, in Britain, during the Roman occupation, ii. 11, 22;
- St. Ninian and his church of Candida Casa, 22, 33 (see Whithorn);
- the Pelagian heresy, 44;
- mission of Palladius to Ireland, 55;
- mission of Columbanus to Gaul, 6-126-12;
- controversy as to Easter, 77;
- in the sixth century no question of ecclesiastical supremacy had arisen, 66;
- three orders of Saints in early Irish Church, 12-1412-14:
- church of St. Patrick, 14-2414-24;
- collegiate churches of Seven Bishops, 24-2624-26;
- life and labours of St. Palladius, 2626 seq.;
- confusion of Fordun’s statements regarding him, ib.;
- St. Ternan, 30-3230-32;
- church of the Southern Picts, 26-3326-33;
- early Dalriadic church, 33-3533-35;
- church south of the Forth and Clyde, 3535, 3636;
- legend of St. Monenna, 3737;
- relapse into paganism of the churches of Ninian and Patrick, 3939, 4040.
Church, monastic, in Ireland, its constitution, ii. 4141;
- whence was it derived?, 45-5045-50;
- the school of Clonard, 5050;
- St. Patrick and the twelve Apostles of Ireland, 5151;
- Columba one of the twelve (see Columba);
- influence of the church, 7373;
- learning of the, 419419;
- hagiology, 425425;
- the right of the church from the tribe, and of the tribe from the church, 7171, 7272.
Church, monastic, in Iona,—monastery founded by Columba (A.D. 563), ii. 8888;
- its constitution, 101101;
- affected in opposite ways by the secular clergy and the Culdees, 227227, 233233 seq.;
- its influence as a school of learning, 421421;
- schism in, after Adamnan’s death, 175175, 278-288278-288;
- table of rival abbots, 288288.
- See Columba, Coärbs.
Church of Cumbria and Lothian, ii. 3535, 3636, 179-224179-224 (see Kentigern, Cuthbert);
- conversion of the Angles, 198198;
- Strathclyde Britons conform to Rome, 219219;
- chapels founded at Hexham, 220220;
- bishopric of Whithern, 224224.
Church of Northumbria, an offshoot of the Columban Church, i. 258258; ii. 154-9154-9;
- points of dispute with the Southern Anglic Church submitted to a council in Whitby, i. 258-9258-9; ii. 165165;
- termination of, 164-6164-6.
Church, the Scottish:—first appearance of this name (A.D. 878), i. 333333; ii. 320320;
- coincident with the change from ‘kingdom of the Picts’ to ‘kingdom of Alban,’ i. 333-35333-35, 384384; ii. 323323;
- primacy transferred to St. Andrews, 323323;
- canonical rule of the Culdees introduced, 324324;
- lay abbots of Dunkeld, 337337;
- hereditary succession in benefices, 338338;
- laymen and their heirs hold church offices, 338338;
- Queen Margaret’s reforms in the church, 344344;
- she rebuilds the monastery of Iona, 352352;
- Anchorites at this time, 351351;
- bishops of Alban, 323-44323-44;
- decadence and ultimate extinction of this old Celtic church, 354-65354-65;
- its failure in diocese of Brechin, 400400;
- of Dunblane, 402402;
- of Dunkeld, 405405;
- disappearance of the Celtic community of Iona, 412412,
  - and a Benedictine abbey and nunnery founded (A.D. 1203), 415415;
- remains of old Celtic church, 417417;
- its hagiology, 444444 seq.
Cillemuine (St. Davids), i. 388388.
Cinaeth, king of the Picts, i. 242242.
Ciniod, son of Wredech, king of the Picts, i. 300-1300-1.
Circinn (Maghcircin, Magh Gherginn = Mearns), i. 185185, 186186, 365365;
- battle at, between the Picts themselves, 295295; iii. 123.
- See Moerne.
Ciricus, St., day of, i. 330330.
Clach na Breatan = stone of the Britons, in Glenfalloch, probably the scene of the conflict between the Dalriads and Britons (A.D. 717), i. 273-4273-4.
Clan, signification of the word, iii. 331;
- patronymics, personal names, and surnames, 331-4;
- original importance and position of Clan pedigrees, 334;
- changes produced by legendary history, 336,
  - and by Irish sennachies, 337;
- also by Act of 1597, 346-9;
- modern position of a Clan, as defined in the Supreme Court, 366-67.
Clans: localities, possessions, and legendary descent [all in vol. iii.]:
- Alaster (MacAlasters), 330, 410, 468.
- Andres (Rosses), 330, 365, 484.
- Cameron, 331, 350, 479.
- Chattan, 330, 478.
- Clanranald (Macdonalds of Kippoch), 330, 430 seq., 469.
- Donnachie (Robertsons), 330, 365, 401.
- Donald, 330, 430 seq., 466.
- Dubhgal (Macdougalls), 330, 470.
- Dubhsithe (Macduffie), 331, 363, 486.
- Eoin Mor (MacConnells), 330, 401, 432, 469.
- Eoin of Ardnamurchan, 401, 469.
- Eoin of Glencomhan (Glencoe), 401, 430.
- Fingaine (MacKinnons), 331, 363, 365, 488.
- Gillechallam of Raarsa, 433.
- Gilleoin (Macleans), 331, 480.
- Gregor (MacGregor), 329, 331, 365. 487.
- Guaire (Macquarries), 331, 436, 488.
- Gunn, 330.
- Hustain (MacDonalds of Slate), 330.
- Ian (MacIans), 330.
- Kenneth (Mackenzies), 330, 365, 485.
- Labhran (Lawren), 329, 363, 365, 483.
- Lachlan, 331, 473.
- Ladmann (Lamont), 331, 472.
- Leod (Macleods), 331, 429, 460.
- Macduff, 303.
- Mackinnons, 363, 488.
- MacNab, 362-3, 365, 486.
- M‘Thomas, 330.
- Mathesons, 365, 485.
- Morgan (Mackays), 330.
- Neachtan (MacNaughton), 331, 477.
- Neill (MacNeill), 331, 430.
- O’Duibhn (Campbells), 330, 458.
- Pharlane, 329, 365.
- Vuirich, 364.
Clanranald, Book of, quoted, iii. 49, 338;
- portion of, translated, 397.
Clanranald, clan (Macdonalds of Kippoch), iii. 119, 330, 430 seq., 469.
Claudian, Roman poet, his allusions to events in Britain, i. 100100, 105105, 106106, 139139.
Claudius, the Emperor, formation of a Roman province in Britain in his reign, i. 3333, 3434.
Cleaven Dyke, Roman vallum in Perthshire so called, i. 52-5452-54.
Cleveland, i. 369369, 421421.
Clonard, monastic school of, ii. 5050.
Clonmacnoise, Annals of, i. 356356, 359359.
Cloveth (Clova), thanage of, iii. 263.
Cluantarbh, battle at (see Brian Boroimhe);
- auxiliary Galls at, i. 387-8387-8.
Cluny (Cluanan), Danes advance to, i. 311311.
Clyde (Clota), estuary of Clyde, i. 6666, 216216, et al.
Cnuicc Cairpri. See Carriber.
Cnut, king of England, i. 392392, 395395.
Coamatra, isle of, iii. 436.
Coärb (Comharba), the term defined, ii. 286286;
- applied to abbots of Columban monasteries, 285285, 413413;
- the successors of Columba so termed after the schism in Iona ceased, Breasal being the first Coärb (A.D. 772-801), 288288;
- his successors till St. Columba’s shrine and relics were removed to Ireland, and the primacy transferred to Abernethy, 290-319290-319.
Cocboy (called by Bede Maserfelth), battle of (A.D. 642), i. 252252.
Cockburnspath (Colbrandspath), i. 241241.
Coede, bishop of Iona, ii. 175175.
Colania, a town of the Damnonii, i. 7373.
Coldingham, monastery of, founded (A.D. 627), ii. 200200;
- refounded (A.D. 1093), i. 444444; ii. 367367.
Coll (Collow), island of, iii. 30, 36, 436.
Colla, race of, iii. 113.
Colla Uais, son of Eochaidh Duibhlen, king of Ireland, iii. 340, 397;
- his descendants, 398.
Colla-dha-Chrioch, son of Eochaidh Duibhlen, iii. 397, 398.
Colla Meann, son of Eochaidh Duibhlen, iii. 397, 398.
Collas, legend of the three, iii. 462.
Colly (Cowie), thanage of, iii. 257.
Colman, bishop of Lindisfarne, i. 258-9258-9; ii. 165-168165-168.
Colman (Mocholmoc) of Dromore, ii. 3232.
Colonsay (Collonsa, Koln), island of, i. 379379; iii. 438;
- laird of, 438.
Colsmon, isle of, iii. 431.
Columba, St., labours (A.D. 565) among the Northern Picts, i. 130-7130-7, 142-3142-3, 198198, 200200, 276276;
- his crozier used as a standard in battle, 339339, 348348;
- one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland, ii. 5252;
- descent and early life, 5252;
- founds the monastery of Derry, 5353,
  - and many other foundations, 54-5554-55;
- connection of his mission to Britain with the battle of Culdremhne, 78-8478-84;
- crosses from Ireland to Britain with twelve followers, 8585;
- resides with Conall, king of Dalriada, 8585,
  - who gives him the island of Iona, 8787;
- on which he founds a monastery, 8888;
- establishes his church there, 9393;
- its characteristics, 93-9593-95,
  - and constitution, 101-104101-104;
- site of the original wooden monastery and its surroundings, 95-10195-101;
- influence of Columba on the adjacent districts, 104104;
- conversion of King Brude, 105-107105-107;
- his labours among the Northern Picts, 119-121119-121;
- ordains Aidan king of the Dalriadic territories, 122122;
- attends the Assembly of Drumceatt, near Derry, 123123;
- his purposes thereat, 124124;
- twelve years’ work summed up, 127127;
- monasteries founded by himself and others in the Western Isles, 128-134128-134;
- among the Northern and Southern Picts, 134-138134-138;
- his visit to Ireland, 138138;
- last days of his life, 138-143138-143;
- his character, 143-147143-147;
- his successors in the primacy of Iona, 148-177148-177;
- expulsion of the Columban monks from the kingdom of the Picts (A.D. 717),
  - and close of the influence of the ‘Family of Iona,’ i. 283-4283-4, 315-6315-6; ii. 177-178177-178;
- legends which seem to be connected with their return, i. 319-20319-20;
- his remains enshrined, ii. 291291;
- a cell or oratory built for their reception, 303303;
- his relics, or part thereof, removed to Dunkeld, 307307;
- shrine and relics removed to Ireland, 317317;
- restored to Iona, 318318;
- transferred to Down, 332332;
- a discourse on his life and character, 467467;
- rule of, 508508.
- See Iona, Coärbs.
Columbanus, St., his mission to Gaul (A.D. 590), ii. 6-116-11, 4141.
Comet of the year 1018, i. 393393.
Comgall, son of Domangart, king of Dalriada, i. 141141, 142142, 229229;
- tribe of, incorporated with the Cinel Gabhran, 230230.
Comines, Earl Robert de, i. 419419, 425425.
Commodus, Emperor, i. 7979.
Comrie, Roman camp at Dealgan Ross, i. 4545, 5050.
Comyn (Cumyn), John, of Badenoch, iii. 81, 82.
Comyn, Walter, Earl of Menteath, iii. 77, 80.
Comyns, Earls of Buchan, iii. 71, 72, 242.
Conadh Cerr, king of Dalriada, i. 241241.
Conaing, son of Aidan, i. 273273, 285285.
Conall, son of Comgall, king of Dalriada, i. 142142, 321321; ii. 8585; iii. 211.
Conall, son of Taidg. See Canaul.
Conall Crandamna, brother of Domnall Breac, king of Dalriada, i. 272272.
Conall, son of Aedain, slays Conall, son of Taidg, i. 302302, 374374.
Conan, river, i. 320320.
Congal Claen. See Magh Rath.
Conmael, abbot of Iona, ii. 175175.
Conn of the hundred battles, iii. 110.
Constantin (789-820), son of Fergus, king of the Picts, i. 302302, 307-8307-8.
Constantin (863-76), son of Kenneth mac Alpin, king of the Picts, i. 323-28323-28; ii. 310-13310-13.
Constantin (900-942), son of Aedh, king of Alban, i. 339339 seq.;
- invasion of Northmen, 339339;
- holds, with Cellach bishop of Kilrymont, a solemn assembly on the Mote Hill of Scone, 340340;
- division of Alban at this time into seven provinces, 340340 seq. (see Provinces);
- invasion of Aethelstan, 352352;
- takes part in the battle of Brunanburg, 353353;
- resigns the throne, and retires to the monastery of St. Andrews, 360360;
- his death, 360360.
Constantin (995-97), son of Cuilean, king of Alban, slain by Kenneth, son of Malcolm, i. 381-2381-2.
Constantine, son of Constantius Chlorus, becomes Emperor, i. 9595.
Constantine, Emperor, account of his usurpation, i. 108-112108-112;
- his son Constans, 110110.
Constantius Chlorus, Emperor, recovers Britain from the usurpation of Carausius, i. 9393;
- his war against the Caledonians and other Picts, 9494;
- his death at York, 9595.
Conveth. See Cain.
Conveth (Conuath), thanage of, in Banffshire, iii. 252.
Coolin hills, iii. 128.
Corda, a town of the Selgovæ, i. 7272.
Coria (Carstairs), a town of the Damnonii, i. 7373.
Cormac’s Glossary, iii. 131
Cornac (Cornar, Curnig), river, i. 368368.
Cornwall, the tin-workers of, representatives of the Iberians who preceded the Celts in Britain, i. 165-170165-170, 226226.
Corca Laidhe, genealogy of, iii. 211.
Coronation stone of Scone, i. 281-3281-3.
Cowall, district of, visited by Agricola, i. 4747, 4848;
- the name derived from Comgall, 229229, 230230, 321321.
Cranach, thanage of, iii. 86, 272.
Craniology, ethnological evidence furnished by, i. 169-70169-70, 226226.
Creic, in Dalriada, burnt by Angus, i. 290290.
Creones, Croenes, a tribe of North Britain, i. 7676.
Crimthan Mor mac Fidhaig, iii. 114, 124
Crinan (Cronan), lay abbot of Dunkeld, i. 390-2390-2;
- called Crinan Tein, or the thane, 394394;
- also the Hound Earl, 401401;
- his sons Duncan and Maldred, 392392, 394394, 408408, 419419;
- slain, 407407.
Crinan, bay of, i. 229229.
Crofters and cottars, iii. 375 seq.
Cromartie, Earls of, Sir W. Fraser’s, iii. 351 seq.
Cromdale, thanage of, iii. 249.
Crown demesne, species of tenure, iii. 84-88;
- Crown lands, ranks of society on, 238-44.
Cruithintuath, the Irish equivalent of Pictavia, i. 315315, 324324, 384384.
Cruithne and his seven sons, i. 185185, 186186, 231231, 295295; iii. 97, 107.
Cruithnigh, the, a Pictish people in the north of Ireland, i. 131131, 142-3142-3, 226226;
- Irish traditions regarding, 175175; iii. 96.;
- battles with the Dalriads, i. 241241;
- close connection in the popular tales between them and the Pictish inhabitants of North Britain, iii. 131.
Cuddiche (a night’s portion), a land-burden, iii. 233.
Cuilean, son of Indulph, king of Alban, defeated at Drumcrub, i. 367367;
- slain in Laodonia (Lothian) by Andarch, 367-8367-8.
Culdees, first appearance of the name, in beginning of the eighth century, ii. 226226;
- conclusions as to their origin, 277277.
- See Anchorites.
Culdremhne, battle of, ii. 8080.
Culrenrigi, island of, plundered, i. 289-90289-90.
Cumbria, evangelised by Kentigern (A.D. 573), (see Kentigern) and his successors, ii. 179179 seq., 198198;
- ceded to the Scots by king Eadmund (A.D. 945), i. 362362;
- Malcolm (Ceannmor) put in possession of it by Earl Siward, 408-10408-10;
- name of, restricted, iii. 4.
Cumherbes and Cumlawes, iii. 26;
- meaning of, 223.
Cummen the Fair, abbot of Iona, i. 247247.
Cumuscach, son of Aengus, slain, i. 246246.
Cupar-Angus (Cubert), Roman camp at, i. 4949; iii. 133;
- thanage of, 133, 275.
Curia, town of (Carby Hill, in Liddesdale), i. 7171.
Curnavii, a northern tribe, i. 7676.
Cuthbert, St. (Cudberct), Bede’s Life of, ii. 201201;
- Irish Life of, 203203;
- in Melrose monastery, 206206;
- becomes prior there, 208208;
- goes to Lindisfarne, 209209;
- withdraws to Farne island, 211211;
- consecrated bishop of Lindisfarne, 213213;
- retirement to Farne, 214214;
- his death, 214214;
- his relics enshrined, 218218.
Cymric legends, iii. 100-104.

Dacia. See Norwegia.
Dalaraidhe (Dalaradia), a district (called also Vladh) in the north of Ireland, inhabited by a Pictish people, i. 131131, 198198.
Dalfin, archbishop of Gaul, i. 259259.
Dalguise, probably where the battle of Seguise was fought in A.D. 635, i. 246246.
Dali, district of, i. 375-6375-6, 390390, 412412.
- See Arregaithel.
Dalmonych (Dalmarnoch), thanage of, iii. 274.
Dalriada, a district in the north-east of Ireland, i. 140140 seq.;
- the name given to the settlement of the Scots in Argyll, 139139 seq., 248248;
- Dalriadic ethnologic legend, 183183, 184184;
- Scottish kingdom of, 229-30229-30;
- battles between the Dalriads and the Cruithnigh, 241241, 242242;
- anarchy in, after Domnall Brec’s death, 250250, 251251, 272272;
- Dalriads fall under the dominion of the Angles for thirty years, 256256 seq.;
- after several unsuccessful attempts to throw off the yoke, 264264,
  - Ecgfrid is defeated and slain at Dunnichen, 265265, 267267;
- contest between the two chief tribes for the throne, 272-3272-3, 284-6284-6;
- conflicts with the Britons, 273-4273-4;
- revolution, and renewed contest, 286286, 289289;
- the country laid waste by Angus, king of the Picts, 290290;
- Dalriadic defeat at Carriber, 291291;
- the Dalriads crushed by Angus (A.D. 741), 292292, 315315:
- lists of kings for the following century not trustworthy, owing to the perversions of the Chronicles, 292292 seq.;
- notices of the Scots of Dalriada till the time of Kenneth mac Alpin, 316316 seq.;
- attacked by the Danes, 377377;
- early church of, ii. 3333;
- tribes of, iii. 212.
- See Drumceat, Picts.
Dam Hoctor, settlement of the, in Gwyned, i. 138138.
Damnonii, tribes of the (the ‘novæ gentes’), and their territory and towns, i. 7373, 7474, 127127, 128128, 155155, 167167, 211211, 231231.
Danes, their first appearance on our coasts, i. 302302 seq.; ii. 1818 (see Galls);
- naval attack on Ireland, i. 307307;
- the men of Fortrenn defeated by the Danes, 307-308307-308;
- a band under Halfdan lay waste Northumbria, and destroy the Picts of Galloway and the Britons of Strathclyde, 325-6325-6;
- conflict with Norwegians, 327327:
- again attack Northumbria, 332332;
- plunder Ireland, 338338;
- invade Alban, 338-9338-9, 347-8347-8;
- final conflict with the native tribes of Ireland, 386-88386-88.
Darlugdach, abbess of Kildare, i. 135135.
Dasent’s Burnt Njal, i. 379379, 388388.
Dathi, the, iii. 115, 122.
Davach, definition of, iii. 224.
- See Land-measures.
Daven, loch, i. 7474.
David I., youngest son of Malcolm Ceannmor, marries Matilda, heiress of Huntingdon, i. 454454;
- rules the provinces south of the Firths, as Earl, for seventeen years (A.D. 1107-1124), 454-57454-57;
- various foundations, grants, and charters by, 455455 seq.;
- reigns over Scotland as first feudal monarch (A.D. 1124-53), 457457;
- defeats an insurrection headed by the Earl of Moray, and Malcolm, a natural son of Alexander I., 460460;
- defeats Malcolm mac Eth, 462-464462-464;
- invades England in support of his niece, Matilda, 465465;
- heterogeneous composition of his army, 467467;
- death of his only son, 468468;
- his own death, 468468;
- bishoprics and monasteries founded by, ii. 376376;
- feudalises Celtic earldoms, iii. 63.
Davis, Sir John, letter by, relative to Monaghan and Fermanagh (A.D. 1606), iii. 165, 170, 196.
Dawstone. See Degsastane.
Dawkins, W. Boyd, on the sepulchral remains of Britain, i. 169-70169-70.
Deabhra, loch, i. 411411.
Debateable lands, their three divisions: (1) from the Tay to the Forth; (2) between the Forth and the Carron; (3) from the Carron to the Pentlands and the Esk,—the latter being the main battle-field of contending races, and eventually included in the kingdom of the Scots (see Lothian), i. 1414, 1515, 237237.
Deer, Book of, ii. 380380;
- contents, 458458; iii. 55 seq., 212.
Deer forests, iii. 371.
Degsastane (Dawstone), battle of, i. 162162, 163163, 239239, 267267.
Deicolæ. See Anchorites, Culdees.
Deira, Anglic kingdom of, i. 156156, 236-237236-237;
- united with Bernicia, 252252, 331331;
- overrun by the Danes, 325325, 351351;
- Sitriuc, its Danish king, meets with Aethelstan, who seizes Deira on his death, 351351.
Delgon, in Kintyre, i. 142142.
Deoraidh De. See Anchorites.
Dervesin (Dairsie), thanage of, iii. 268.
Derwent, river, i. 271271.
Descent of Men of the North, quoted from, iii. 102.
Deucaledonian Sea of Ptolemy, i. 7070.
Deva (Chester), i. 8181.
Deva, river (Dee, Ayrshire), i. 6666, 216216.
Devana, a town of the Taexali, i. 7474.
Devisesburn, i. 244-5244-5.
Diarmaid, abbot of Iona (814-31), brings from Ireland the relics of St. Columba, ii. 297297, 303303;
- returns thither with them, 305-6305-6.
Dicalidonæ, a division of the Picts, i. 9999, 100100, 129129.
Dinguardi. See Bamborough.
Dingwall, thanage of, iii. 247.
Diocletian, Emperor, i. 92-9492-94.
Diodorus Siculus, i. 31-3331-33.
Doldencha, lake (in Braemar), i. 298298.
- See Kindrochet.
Dollar, conflict between the Danes and Scots at, i. 327327.
Domhnall of Ile (Isla), son of Eoin, sketch of his career, iii. 403-4;
- death of his son, bishop of Innsigall, 408;
- his descendants, 408.
Domhnall Dubh, son of Aonghus Og (heir of Eoin), his tribe almost exterminated during his minority and imprisonment, iii. 404;
- unsuccessful attempt to regain his possessions, 406.
Domitian, the Emperor, i. 5757, 5858.
Domnall Breac, king of Dalriada, i. 242242;
- defeated at Calathros, 247247,
  - and at Glenmairison, 249249;
- slain in Strathcarron, 249-51249-51, 271271.
Domnall Donn, nephew of Domnall Breac, i. 272272.
Domnall mac Avin, king of Alclyde, i. 271271.
Don, river. See Antona.
Donald mac Alpin, succeeds his brother Kenneth as king of the Picts, i. 322-3322-3.
Donald, son of Constantin, and grandson of Kenneth mac Alpin, first king of Alban, i. 335335;
- slain at Dunnottar, 338-9338-9.
Donald, son of Aedh, king of Alban, elected king of the Cumbrian Britons, i. 346346.
Donald, son of Eimin, mormaer of Mar, slain, i. 387-8387-8.
Donald (Dunwallaun, Domnall), son of Eugenius, king of the Cumbrians, i. 362362;
- death of his son Malcolm, 381-2381-2.
Donald Ban, brother of Malcolm Ceannmor, reigns six months (A.D. 1093), i. 436436;
- again, with his nephew, three years, 439439;
- dies at Rescobie, and is buried in Dunfermline, 440440.
Donald Ban Mac William. See Mac William.
Donald (Mac Donald), clan, iii. 119, 330, 430 seq., 466.
- See Hustain.
Donnachie (Robertsons), clan, iii. 330, 361, 365, 401.
Donnan, St., of Egg, i. 345345.
Donnchadh, king of Cashel, i. 338338.
Dorbeni, abbot of Iona, ii. 175175.
Dornoch Firth, i. 337337.
Dorsum Britanniæ. See Drumalban.
Douglas (Dubglas) river, Arthur’s battles on the, i. 153153.
Doune. See Glendowachy.
Drest, son of Talorgen, king of the Picts, i. 301301.
Drest, son of Constantin, joint king of the Picts with Talorgan, son of Wthoil, i. 306306.
Drest, son of Ferat, king of the Picts, i. 309309.
Droma, loch, i. 319319.
Drost, son of Domnall, king of the Picts, driven from his kingdom, i. 262-3262-3.
Drum, the name of, i. 1313.
Drumalban, a mountain chain, from Dumbartonshire to the Ord of Caithness, i. 10-1410-14, 7575, 228228;
- errors regarding, 1212.
Drum Cathmail, battle at, between the Picts of Galloway and the Scots of Dalriada, i. 291-2291-2.
Drumceat, Council of, at which the independence of Dalriada was recognised (A.D. 575), i. 143143, 235235, 248248; iii. 122.
Drumcrub, battle at, i. 367367.
Drust (Drest), several Pictish kings so called, i. 134134 seq.
Drust (Druxst), king of the Picts after Nectan, i. 284284;
- slain, 289289.
Dubglas, river. See Douglas.
Dubh, son of Malcolm, king of Alban, i. 366-67366-67.
Dubhgal (Macdougalls), clan, iii. 119, 330, 470.
Dubhgall, son of Somerled, iii. 35, 39, 293, 400.
Dubhgaill. See Galls.
Dubhsithe (Macduffie), clan, iii. 331, 363, 466.
Dublin. See Ireland.
Dufoter de Calateria, i. 424424.
Duinbrunde. See Brunanburg.
Dull, monastery of, ii. 175175, 206-7206-7;
- abthanrie and church of, iii. 271.
Dulmonych, thanage of, iii. 274.
Dumbarton (Dumbreatan), capital of the kingdom of the Britons of Alclyde, i. 236236.
Dunadd, a fortified hill in the moss of Crinan, called also Dunmonaidh (the capital of Dalriada), i. 229229, 230230;
- siege of, 264264;
- taken possession of by Angus, 290290.
Dunaverty (Aberte), siege of, i. 273273.
Dunbar, i. 425425;
- the name, ii. 307 n.307 n.;
- Castle of, iii. 82.
Dunbeath (Dunbaitte), siege of, i. 263263.
Dunblane, burnt by the Britons, i. 310310;
- ravaged by the Danes, 347347;
- bishopric of, ii. 395-398395-398;
- the name, 307 n.307 n.
Duncadh, abbot of Iona, ii. 175175.
Duncan mac Duine, ancestor of the Campbells, iii. 79.
Duncan, son of Crinan (Cronan), king of Scotia, i. 392392, 399-405399-405.
- See Kali Hundason.
Duncan, son of Malcolm Ceannmor, i. 414414, 425425;
- his reign (A.D. 1093-4), 437-39437-39.
Duncan, abbot of Dunkeld, i. 367367.
Duncan (Dungadr), jarl of Caithness, i. 374374.
Duncath fort, i. 382382.
Dunchadh, son of Becc, i. 285285.
Dunduirn (Dundurn), a fortification on the Earn, besieged, i. 264264;
- Grig slain at, 330330.
Dunedin. See Edinburgh.
Dunfhirbolg, a native fort in St. Kilda, i. 185185.
Dunfres (Dumfries), the town of the Frisians, iii. 25.
Dungal, son of Sealbach, king of Dalriada, i. 284-5284-5;
- driven from the throne, 286286;
- is restored, 289289;
- invades Culrenrigi, incurs the wrath of Angus, and takes refuge in Ireland, 289-90289-90;
- is put in chains, 290290.
Dungallsbae (Duncansbay), i. 401401.
Dungayle, in Galloway, i. 292292.
- See Drum Cathmail.
Dun Guaire, a name of Bamborough, i. 373-4373-4.
Dunine (Dunning), thanage of, iii. 87, 269.
Dunkeld, church of, founded by Constantin, king of the Picts, i. 305305, 315315;
- a portion of St. Columba’s relics transferred to, 310310, 316316;
- abbot of (Duncan), 367367, 392392;
- lay abbots of, ii. 337337;
- bishopric of, 368368;
- position of, 376376.
- See Crinan.
Dun Leithfinn, a fort, destroyed by Angus, i. 290290.
Dunlocho, battle at, i. 264264.
Dunmore hill, i. 7575.
Dunolly (Duin Ollaig), stronghold of the Cinel Loarn, burnt by Ecgfrid, i. 266266, 272272;
- rebuilt by Sealbach, 273273.
Dunnagual (Dungaile), son of Teudubr, i. 296296, 325325.
Dunnichen (Dun Nechtan), its connection with Nectan, a Pictish king, i. 135135;
- battle of, in which Ecgfrid was slain (A.D. 686), 265265, 266266; ii. 213213.
Dunnottar (Dunfoither), siege of, i. 263263;
- again besieged, 269269;
- Donald, first king of Alban, slain at, 338-9338-9;
- a stronghold of the men of Moerne, 342342;
- Aethelstan’s advance to, 352352.
Dunsforth, the Devil’s Cross at, i. 359359.
Dunsinnan, i. 380380.
Duntroon, iii. 129.
Dunwallaun (Domnall), son of Eugenius (Owin, Eaoin), king of the Cumbrians, i. 362362, 370370.
Duny (Downie), thanage of, iii. 267.
Durham, besieged by Malcolm II., i. 385385.
Durris, thanage of, iii. 257.
Dyce, what is implied in the territorial name, iii. 282.
Dyke and Brodie, thanage of, iii. 248.

Eachach, king of Dalriada, i. 289289.
Eachadh (Eochagh, Eoghan), Cinel, one of the three subdivisions of the tribe of Loarn, i. 230230, 264264, 289289.
Eadberct, king of Northumbria (A.D. 737-58), i. 291291;
- extends his dominion over Galloway and all Ayrshire, 294294 seq., 331331;
- abdicates, 300300.
Eadberct, bishop of Lindisfarne, ii. 220220.
Eadfrid, son of Aeduin, i. 243243.
Eadgar, son of Eadward Aetheling, i. 414414 seq.
Eadgar, son of Malcolm Ceannmor, reigns nine years (A.D. 1097-1107), i. 440440; iii. 215;
- treats with Magnus Barefoot of Norway, i. 442442; iii. 9;
- re-founds the monastery of Coldingham, i. 444444;
- dies in Edinburgh, 444444;
- is buried in Dunfermline, 445445.
Eadmund the Etheling (A.D. 940-46) takes part with his brother against the Danes at Brunanburg, i. 353353;
- subdues Northumberland, 361361;
- cedes Cumbria to the Scots, 362362;
- death of, 363363.
Eadmund, son of Malcolm Ceannmor, reigns with his uncle Donald Ban three years, i. 439439.
Eadred Ætheling, i. 363363.
Eadulf Cudel, cedes Lothian to the Scots after the battle of Carham, i. 392-4392-4, 399399, 400400.
Eadulf (Yvelchild), earl of Northumbria, i. 369369 seq.
Eadward Aetheling, son of king Eadmund, i. 415415.
Eadward, son of Aelfred the Great, discussion as to whether he advanced beyond the Humber—doubtful statements of the Saxon Chronicle, i. 349349, 350350.
Eadward the Confessor, i. 415415.
Ealdburg. See Aldborough.
Ealdhun (Aldun), bishop of Durham, i. 385385.
Ealdred, son of Ealdulf, lord of Bamborough, makes peace with Aethelstan, i. 351351.
Ealdred, son of Uchtred. See Aldred.
Eanfrid, son of Aedilfrid, i. 240240, 244244; ii. 153153.
Earldoms, the old Celtic (see Celtic earldoms);
- additional earldoms created, iii. 66;
- policy of feudalising earldoms, inaugurated by David I., carried out by his successor, 67 seq.;
- their character and relation to the law of feudal tenure, 72-77.
- See Provinces.
Earls, first appearance of the title in Scottish history, iii. 58-63;
- the Seven Earls, 59;
- six Celtic earls besiege Malcolm IV. in Perth, 65;
- apparently a constitutional body, 71 seq.;
- merged in the Estates of the kingdom, 82.
Earn, river, i. 220220, 261261.
Easter, difference as to the time of celebrating, between the Anglic and Columban churches, i. 275275 seq.; ii. 88, 150150 seq.
Eata, first abbot of Mailros, ii. 200200;
- afterwards bishop of Lindisfarne, 206206.
Ebissa. See Octa.
Ebudæ (Hebrides), islands of the, i. 4040, 4747;
- easter and wester Ebuda (Isla and Jura), 6969.
- See Hebrides, Isles.
Ecclesbreac. See Falkirk.
Ecclesgreig, parish of, iii. 261.
Ecgberct, king of Northumbria (A.D. 867), i. 332332.
Ecgberct, an Anglic priest, i. 264264;
- his views regarding Easter adopted by the majority in Iona, ii. 176176.
Ecgfrid, king of Northumbria, i. 260-265260-265;
- slain at Dunnichen, 266266;
- effect of his defeat, 267267 seq.
Ectolairg mac Foith (Talore, son of Wid), i. 257257.
- See Garnaid.
Edderachylis, iii. 462.
Eddi’s Life of St. Wilfrid, i. 260260.
Edevyn (Idvies), thanage of, iii. 265.
Ediluald, bishop in Lindisfarne, i. 275275.
Edinburgh (Etin, Edwinesburg, Mynyd Agned, Dunedin), i. 240240;
- besieged (A.D. 638), 249249;
- surrendered, with the district of which it was the stronghold, to the Scots, in the reign of Indulph (A.D. 954-62), 365365, 372372.
- See Aeduin.
Education of the people, bearing of the Church on, ii. 444444;
- a period of nearly 100 years before the Reformation one of neglected education, and no learning, in the Highlands, 461461.
Egelwin, Bishop, i. 422422.
Egg, island of, i. 345345; ii. 152152; iii. 433.
Eglisgirg (Greg’s church), dedicated to St. Ciricus—a memorial of Grig, i. 333-4333-4; iii. 261.
Egremont, the Boy of, his claim to the Scottish throne, iii. 66.
Eildon (Eldun) hill, near Melrose, contest at, between Ethelwald and one of his generals, i. 300300.
Einar, earl of Orkney, i. 344-5344-5.
Einar, son of Sigurd the Stout, i. 388388, 401401.
Ekkialsbakki, burial-place of Sigurd, earl of Orkney, i. 366366;
- identification of, 337337.
Elder, John, letter from, to Henry VIII., quoted, iii. 331, 337.
Eldred, lord of Bamborough, unites with Constantin, king of Alban, to resist the Danes, i. 347-8347-8.
Elfleda, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Northumbria, and wife of Siward, i. 408408.
Ellan na muk, isle of, iii. 434.
English possessions of Scottish kings, iii. 5.
Eobba, father of Ida, who founds the kingdom of Bernicia, i. 155155.
Eocha (Eachdach, Eochaidh), grandson of Domnall Breac, i. 272272;
- conflict between his family and Selbach at Ross-Foichen, 286286;
- his death, 287287.
Eocha (Eochodius), son of Indulf, slain by the Britons, i. 367367.
Eocha (Eochodius), son of Run, and grandson of Kenneth mac Alpin, king of the Picts, associated with Grig, i. 329-30329-30, 373373.
Eochadh Buidhe, king of the Picts, i. 241241, 242242.
Eochaidh, grandson of Loarn, i. 264264.
Eoganan, son of Angus, rules in Dalriada, i. 305305;
- becomes king of the southern Picts, 307-8307-8.
Eoin, son of Aonghus Og, his descendants, iii. 402;
- gives liberally to the church, his death and burial, 402-3.
Eoin Mor (Mac Connells), clan, iii. 330, 401, 409, 432, 469.
Eoin of Ardnamurchan, clan, iii. 401, 469.
Eoin of Glencomhan (Glencoe), iii. 401, 430.
Eoin of Ile, poem composed on, iii. 407
Epidii, a tribe occupying Kintyre and Lorn, i. 7676, 206206.
Epidium, promontory of (Kintyre), i. 6868.
Epidium, island of (Lismore), i. 6969.
Erc and his sons, founders of the Scots colony in Dalriada, i. 139139, 229229, 300300; ii. 290290; iii. 121.
Eremitical saints, ii. 248248.
- See Anchorites.
Eric Bloody Axe, settled by Aethelstan in Northumberland, i. 359-60359-60;
- is once and again expelled, 363-4363-4:
- his sons go to Orkney, whence they make piratical expeditions, 365-6365-6.
Eric, a Dane, made Earl of Northumbria by Cnut, i. 392-3392-3.
Erin, the Three Sorrowful Stories of (an Irish legend), iii. 127.
Esk, river (Haddingtonshire), i. 238238.
Essy, in Strathbolgy, i. 411411.
Estates of the Realm in 1283, iii. 39.
Estuaries of Forth and Clyde, i. 88.
Ethelred, king of Northumbria (A.D. 774), i. 301301.
Ethelred, king of the English, defeats the Scots (A.D. 1006), i. 385385.
Ethelwald, called Moll, king of Northumbria, i. 300300.
Ethelwulf, king of Wessex, i. 333333; ii. 321321.
Ethnology of Britain, i. 164164 seq.;
- British traditions, 171171;
- Irish traditions, 172172;
- Dalriadic legend, 183183;
- Pictish legends, 185185;
- Saxon legends 189.
- See Legendary Origins, iii. 90-134.
Ettrick, forest of, divided the Britons of Alclyde from the Angles of Bernicia, i. 235235.
Eubonia, settlement of the Firbolg in, i. 138138.
Eugein. See Oan.
Eugenius the Bald (Owen), king of the Strathclyde Britons, i. 393393;
- slain, 394394.
Evans, Prof. of New York, i. 250250.
Ewen of Otter, clan, iii. 474.

Faelchu mac Dorbeni, the last of Columba’s successors, ii. 177177.
Failbe, abbot of Iona, i. 245245; ii. 168168.
Falkirk (Fahkirk), church at, called Ecglis Breacc, ii. 3636.
- See Brychan.
Falkland, thanage of, iii. 268.
Fallofaudus, a Roman general in Britain, i. 9999.
Family of Iona. See Columba.
Fandafuith (Fandowie), thanage of, iii. 274.
Farne Islands, i. 237237.
Feacht, or ‘expedition,’ the burden of, ii. 173173; iii. 151, 227, 234.
- See Sluaged.
Fearchar Fada, leader of the Cinel Baedan, i. 250250, 251251, 264264; iii. 342, 476;
- death of, i. 272272.
Fearn, dedication to St. Aidan at, i. 260260.
Fendoch, Roman camp at, i. 4545, 8888.
Feochan, promontory of (Ross-Foichen, Irrosfoichne), battle at, i. 286286.
Feodofirma (fee-farm), tenure of, what it was in Scotland, iii. 85, 237-8.
Feradach, son of Sealbach, is put in chains by Angus, i. 290290.
Fergus Brit, second abbot of Iona, ii. 151151.
Fergus Mor mac Erc of Dalriada, i. 140140.
Fergus Salach, Cinel, a subdivision of the tribe of Loarn, i. 230230.
Fergusianus, legend of, ii. 232232.
Ferleighinn, lector or man of learning in the monasteries, ii. 342342, 444444 seq.
Fermartyn, thanage of, iii. 252.
Fermoy, Book of, cited, iii. 35, 410.
Ferot, son of Finguine, slain, i. 288288.
Fettercairn (Fotherkern), in the Mearns, i. 380380.
Fetteresso (Fodresach), Malcolm I. slain at, i. 364364.
Fiachna mac Deman, king of the Cruithnigh of Dalaradia, i. 241241.
Fife, taken possession of by Agricola, i. 4848;
- represented in the Pictish legend by Fib (see Cruithne), 185185, 186186;
- province of, iii. 43;
- attacked by the Northmen, i. 327327;
- inhabitants of, called ‘Scoti,’ 328328;
- Saxon barons acquire lands in, iii. 26;
- no thanes in, 305, 356;
- demesne of the earls of, 305.
- See Fothreve.
Fillan, St., ii. 3333, 175175;
- pastoral staff of, 407407.
Finan, bishop of Lindisfarne, i. 258258.
Findhorn, river, i. 336336, 338338.
Finé or sept in Ireland, origin of the term, iii. 171;
- the ciné or kinsfolk, 171;
- the ceile or tenants, 172;
- the Fuidhir or stranger septs, 173;
- territorial basis of the Finé, 175;
- the four families or groups of the kinsfolk, 176-9;
- members of, 179;
- status of the Geilfiné chief, 180-4;
- his relation to the Ri Tuath, 184;
- law of succession, 187;
- attendance upon the sluaged or hosting, dun-building, 188;
- fosterage customs, 190;
- later state of the Finés, 192-7.
Finé or clan in Scotland, iii. 284;
- first appearance of the clans, 302;
- the Chief and the kinsmen, 318;
- the native-men, 318;
- fosterage, 321;
- the clan and its members, 323;
- names and position of the clans, 327-9;
- termination of clanship, 365.
- See Clan.
Fingaine (MacKinnons), clan, iii. 331, 363, 365, 488.
Finglen, in Loarn, battle at, i. 284284.
Fingaill. See Galls.
Finguine, leader of the Picts of Manann, slain, i. 270270.
Finguine, son of Drostan, slain, i. 288288.
Finlaic (Finleikr), mormaer of Moray and Ross, defeated by Sigurd, i. 375375;
- afterwards restored, 389389;
- slain, 397397.
Finnian, influence of, ii. 5151.
Finntuir, son of Thorfinn, i. 409409.
Fintan Munnu, an Irish saint, iii. 92.
Firbolg, the, i. 138138, 173173 seq., 226226; iii. 92, 105.
Fishing-villages established in the Highlands and Islands, iii. 376.
Flaithbertach, king of Ireland, is assisted by the fleet of Dalriada, i. 289-90289-90.
Flann Mainistrech, Synchronisms of, i. 139139.
Flavia, a Roman province in Britain, i. 9696, 9797, 103103.
Fodresach. See Fetteresso.
Fordell, thanage of, iii. 268.
Fordun’s Chronicle referred to or quoted, i. 1212, 1818, 2020, 2121; iii. 40, 47, 65, 70, 72, 84, 216, 304, 307, 480.
Fordun, church of, dedicated to Palladius, ii. 2929.
Forest land, iii. 283.
Forglen, principal church of Adamnan, ii. 174174;
- banner of Columba preserved in, 175175.
Forgrund, thanage of, iii. 276.
Fortevieth (Forteviot, Perthshire), Regulus brings remains of St. Andrew to, i. 297297;
- Kenneth mac Alpin dies at, 313313;
- thanage of, iii. 269.
Forth (Forc), firth of (see Boderia), i. 4747 seq.; iii. 122, 212;
- isthmus between it and the Clyde, i. 88;
- fortified by Agricola, 4646, 4747;
- earthen rampart constructed by Lollius Urbicus (Antonine’s Wall), which became the boundary of the Roman province, 77-7977-79;
- its reconstruction by Severus, 8181, 8989;
- church south of the Forth and Clyde, ii. 36.
- See Frisian Sea.
Fortingall, Roman camp and station at, i. 8888.
Fortrenn, province of, comprehending Strathearn and Menteith, i. 207207, 340340, 342342; iii. 44, 46;
- the Britons of, i. 211211, 231231, 238238;
- siege of Dunduirn, its principal stronghold, 264264;
- after Ecgfrid’s death, Fortrenn used as synonymous with the kingdom of the Picts, 269269;
- the men of, defeated by the Danes, 307307, 308308, 315315, 319319, 380380; iii. 122.
Fosterage, in Ireland, iii. 190;
- in Wales, 207;
- in Scotland, 321.
Fothad, second bishop of Alban, ii.Alban, ii.. 327327.
Fothad, last bishop of Alban, ii. 344344.
Fothadh Canann, iii. 121.
Fothergill (Fortingall), thanage of, iii. 271.
Fotherkern. See Fettercairn.
Fothreve (Fothrif), district of (Kinross-shire and west of Fife), i. 231231, 341341; iii. 43, 46, 61.
Franks, first appearance of the, i. 9292.
Fraser, Sir William,—remarks on his work on The Lennox, i. 2222; iii. 360;
- on Earls of Cromartie, 351, 353, 355.
Freeman’s Old English History, i. 150150;
- his Norman Conquest, 385385.
Frisian Sea, name applied to the Firth of Forth by Nennius, i. 191191.
Frisians (Phrissones), the, i. 145-6145-6;
- settlements of, on the shores of the Forth, 191191, 192192;
- their influence on the southern Picts, 231231.
- See Dunfres.
Fuidhir, or stranger serfs, iii. 173, 318.

Gabran, son of Domangart, king of Dalriada, i. 142-144142-144;
- the Cinel Gabran, one the three tribes of the Dalriadic kingdom, 229229;
- contest with Cinel Loarn for the throne, 272-3272-3, 287287.
Gadeni, tribe of the, i. 7171;
- their territory, 106106.
Gadhelic branch of the Celtic race, and its subdivisions, i. 226226, 227227;
- its language, 194194.
Gaedhel Glass, the eponymus of the Gaedhelic race, i. 179179; iii. 94.
- See Gathelus.
Gael (Gadheal, Gaedhel, Gaethel), name now applied to all the inhabitants of Scotland who belonged to the Gaelic branch of the Celtic race, i. 343343; iii. 101, 365.
Gaelic language, and its dialectic varieties, i. 193193, 194194, 203-4203-4;
- Scotch Gaelic, ii. 453-4453-4;
- termed Albanic, Scotic or Scotch, 460460,
  - and later, called Irish or Erse, 462462; iii. 40, 41;
- becomes a written language after the Reformation, ii. 463463.
- See also Irish.
Gaelic population, causes affecting, in eighteenth century, iii. 372;
- state in 1817, 376;
- in 1847-50, 377.
Gaelic race, tribal organisation of the, iii. 136;
- broken up, 300.
Gaius Campus, the name, i. 255-6255-6.
Gal (= valour) a component part of Gaelic names not to be confounded with “Gall” (= strangers), iii. 28, 333.
Gala, river, i. 237237.
Galgacus, a Caledonian chief, leader of the natives at the battle of Mons Granpius, i. 52-5652-56.
Gallgaidheal, Irish term for Galloway, i. 239239, 311311;
- applied to the Gaelic race there and in the Western Isles as under the rule of Galls; their association with piratical Northmen, 311-12;
- the term also applied to the inhabitants of the Western Isles and districts under the Norwegian rule, 345345; iii. 29-39;
- finally limited to Galloway, 292;
- historic sketch of their lords, 292-300;
- tribe, 365365.
Galloway (Galweia, Gallovidia, Gallweithia, Gallwydel (Welsh), Gallgaidel (Irish), province of, i. 99;
- occupied by the Novantæ, 1010, 7272, 127127,
  - who became known as the Picts of Galloway, 131131, 132132, 238238;
- legend relating to, 187-189187-189;
- their isolated position, 202-3202-3;
- subject to the Angles, 271271, 311311;
- invaded by the Scots under Alpin, 291291;
- Anglic power wanes about the end of the eighth century, 311311 (see Whithern);
- attacked by the Northmen, 322-3322-3;
- its nominal connection with Bernicia, 373373;
- thrice invaded by Malcolm IV., and its inhabitants brought under subjection, 472472;
- revolt in the following reign, 475475;
- insurrection in, 478478;
- again revolt under Alexander II., but become incorporated into the kingdom in 1235, 487-8487-8;
- Alan, lord of, iii. 75;
- the tribal system in, 214.
Galls, a term applied to the Norwegians and Danes (Finngaill = fair-haired Galls or Norwegians) (Dubhgaill = dark-haired Galls or Danes), i. 304304; iii. 28, 292, 233;
- also to Saxons, i. 311311;
- sometimes = ‘foreign,’ 387387.
Garnaid, Bredei, and Talore (sons of Wid), successively kings of the Picts, i. 242242, 246-7246-7, 257257.
Garnard, son of Donald, king of the Picts, i. 305305.
Garrioch (Garvyach), earldom of, iii. 69.
Gartnaid, son of Donnell, king of the Picts, who remained independent after the others had fallen under the sway of Osuiu, i. 258258;
- voyage of his sons to Ireland, 259259.
Gathelus, first leader of the Gaethel, i. 343343; iii. 494.
Gaul, mission of St. Columbanus to (A.D. 590), ii. 66.
Genealogies, spurious, of the Grants, iii. 349;
- the Camerons, 350;
- Mackenzies, 351;
- Mathesons, Macleans, and Macleods, 354;
- MacIntoshes, 356;
- Campbells, 359;
- earls of Lennox, 359;
- Donnachie (Robertsons), M‘Nabs, MacGregors, 362.
Geiza, isle of, iii. 439.
Gentiles, a term applied to the northern pirates, i. 304304.
Geoffrey of Monmouth, fabulous history of, 117117, 172172; iii. 94.
Gerontius, one of Constantine’s generals, a native of Britain, i. 109-112109-112.
Gervadius, St., or Gernadius, ii. 369369.
Gigha, island of, i. 285285.
Gilcomgan, mormaer of Moray, and father of Lulach, king of Scotia, i. 411411.
Gildas, the British historian, his narrative of the Roman occupation, i. 112112, 113113;
- note on the Lives of, 116-118116-118;
- his account of the Picts, 121-2121-2;
- of the settlement of the Saxons in Britain, 144-5144-5.
Gillaeoin, clan. See Macleans.
Gillebride, father of Somerled, iii. 33.
Gillechallam of Raarsa, clan, iii. 433.
Gillechrist, Comes de Menteth, iii. 67.
Gillemichel Makduf, Comes de Fif, iii. 63-4.
Gilli, earl of Colonsay, i. 379379, 389-90389-90.
Giollaespuig, son of Alasdair of Ile, iii. 407, 409.
Giraldus Cambrensis, cited, iii. 48.
Giric. See Grig.
Giudi, town of (see Alauna), i. 7171, 208208, 238238, 254-5254-5.
Glammis, i. 398398;
- thanage of, iii. 262, 266.
Glasgow, diocese of, re-constituted, ii. 375375.
Glein, river, Arthur’s first battle on, i. 153153.
Glendowachy (Doune), thanage of, iii. 251.
Glenfalloch, i. 273273.
- See Clach na Breatan.
Glenlemnae, valley of the Leven—[Argyll or Dumbarton?] Dalriadic slaughter in, i. 272-3272-3.
Glenmairison (Glenmureson), in West Lothian, battle of, i. 249249.
Glenrie, or the king’s glen, i. 411411.
Glentilt, thanage of, iii. 86, 272.
Glenurquhir, Laird of, iii. 435.
Godfray mac Aralt. See Godred.
Godfrey. See Guthfrith.
Gododin, a Welsh poem, i. 250250.
Godred (Gofra, Gofrath), son of Aralt, king of Man, vanquished by the sons of Nial, i. 376-8376-8.
Godred Crovan, a ruler of the Western Isles, i. 441441; iii. 331.
- See Reginald.
Godwine, Earl, i. 410410.
Gospatrick, a grandson of Crinan, origin of name, i. 394394, 419419.
Gothbrith, leader of a band of Danes, i. 347347.
Gowrie, district of, i. 281281, 341341; iii. 43, 45, 133;
- earldom of, 275.
Gracaban, a Danish earl slain at Tynemoor, i. 347-8347-8.
Grampians, the, i. 1111, 4747, 4949, et al.
Granpius, Mons, battle of, i. 5252 seq.;
- conflicting theories as to the position of, 5454.
Grants, MS. history of the, iii. 349-50.
Grassy Walls, Roman camp at, i. 4949, 5151, 8686.
Gratian, Emperor, i. 104104, 105105, 108108.
Greeks, their early acquaintance with the British Isles, i. 2929, 3030.
Green’s English People, i. 150150.
Gregor (MacGregors), clan, iii. 329, 331, 365, 487.
Grelauga, daughter of Duncan, jarl of Caithness, and wife of Thorfinn, i. 374374.
Grig (Carus, Ciricius, Girg, Giric, Girig), son of Dungaile (see Dunnagual), associated as governor with Eocha, king of the Picts, i. 329329;
- error of Chalmers with regard to him, 330330;
- events of his reign, 331-4331-4;
- he was the first to give liberty to the Scottish Church, ii. 320320.
- See Eglisgirg.
Gruoch, daughter of Boete (q.v.), and wife of Macbeth, i. 406406.
Guaire (Macquarries), clan, iii. 331, 436, 488.
Guaul, the name given by Nennius to the northern wall, i. 153153.
Guinnion, fastness of, i. 153153.
Gunn, clan, iii. 330.
Guorthigirn, a leader of the Britons, i. 146146, 147147, 151151, 189189.
Gureit (Gwriad), king of Alclyde, i. 257257.
Gurth, a name of Skye, i. 395-6395-6.
Guthferth, son of Sitriuc, i. 351351.
Guthfrith, Sitriuc’s brother, driven from Deira by Aethelstan, i. 352352.
Guthorm, son of Earl Sigurd, i. 344344.
Guthred, son of Hardicnut, king of the Northumbrians south of the Tyne, i. 332332, 349349;
- after his death Bernicia under lords of Bamborough, 373373.
Gwenedotia, Gwynedd (North Wales), i. 244244, 246246, 254254; iii. 198.
Gwyddyl, in modern Welsh denotes the Irish, i. 197197; iii. 101.
- See Gael.
Gwyddyl Ffichti, the Welsh designation of the Picts who settled in Britain, i. 197197, 343343; iii. 48, 101-104.

Hadrian, the Emperor, his arrival in Britain, i. 6060;
- the first Roman wall, between the Tyne and the Solway, constructed by him, 6060, 6161, 9090, 9191.
Hæfe, river. See Avon.
Hafursfiord, battle of, i. 336336.
Hagiology of the Irish church, ii. 425-43425-43;
- of Scottish church, 444444.
Hagustald. See Hexham.
Hailes, Lord, i. 66;
- his Annals of Scotland, 1818; iii. 442.
Hakon, Earl, of Norway, i. 379379.
Halfdan, son of Ragnar Lodbrok, leads a band of Danes against Northumbria, the Galloway Picts, and the Strathclyde Britons, i. 325-6325-6;
- again attacks Northumbria, 332332.
Hallad, earl of Orkney, i. 344344.
Hamiltoun, Lord, iii. 439.
Harald Harfagr, king of Norway, i. 311-12311-12, 335335;
- chronology of his reign, 336336, 344344.
Harald Sigurdson, i. 413413.
Hardacnut, king of England, i. 408408.
Hardicnut, i. 332332.
Harris (Harreik, Herreis, Harrayis), isle of, iii. 429.
Hastings, David de, a Norman baron, iii. 75.
Hatfield (Haethfeld), battle of, i. 243-4243-4.
Havard, eldest son of Thorfinn the ‘Skull-cleaver,’ i. 374374.
Hebrides, estimation of the extent of the, iii. 439;
- tillers of the ground in the, exempt from war, 439;
- land tenure after the sixteenth century, 372;
- townships in the Inner, in 1850, 374-8374-8,
  - in the Outer, 378-93378-93.
- See Ebudæ, Long Island.
Hefenfelth. See Catscaul.
Heligoland, i. 189189, 190190.
Helsker, isle of, iii. 431.
Hengist and Horsa, Saxon leaders, land in Britain, i. 146146, 149149, 189189.
Hennessy, W. M., iii. 35;
- translation of the tract Na tri Colla, 462.
Hesperides, a name applied to the Cassiterides, i. 167-169167-169.
Hexham (Hagustald), i. 245245, 262262, 275275;
- church of, founded by St. Wilfrid, ii. 210210, 213213; iii. 81.
Highland Clans, comparison between them and the Afghaun Tribes, by Sir Walter Scott, iii. 456;
- their legendary descent, 458-490.
Highland Line, the, traced northwards from Loch Lomond, iii. 285-6.
Highlanders, Fordun’s description of, iii. 307;
- raid into Angus, 308;
- leaders thereof outlawed, 309.
Highlands, state of the, in the sixteenth century, iii. 326;
- emigration from the, 373.
Highlands and Islands, tenure of land in, subsequent to the sixteenth century, iii. 368;
- abolition of calps, 368;
- townships, 369-371, 374, 378;
- deer-forests, 371;
- fishing-villages, 376;
- causes affecting the population, 372.
Hilef, river (the Isla, or Lyff?), i. 340-1340-1.
Himilco, traditionary account of his voyage to the British Isles, i. 3030.
Hoddam, Kentigern’s first see, ii. 191191.
Holderness, i. 420420.
Holy Island. See Lindisfarne.
Holyrood, foundation charter of, i. 240240, 241241.
Home, D. Milne, account of the wall between Forth and Clyde, i. 7878.
Honor price, the, in the tribe, iii. 152-3, 189, 204, 217.
Honorius, Emperor, troubles in the Roman province in Scotland during his reign, i. 105-111105-111;
- termination of the Roman dominion in Britain, 112112.
Honorius I., Pope, letter from, to King Aeduin, ii. 155155.
Horesti, the, and their territory, i. 5757;
- some of them enrolled by Severus among the Roman auxiliaries, 8989.
Horsley, John, his Britannia Romana, i. 2323, 102102, 103103.
Hound Earl, the. See Hundi Jarl.
Hoy, isle of, i. 386386.
Hubba, son of Ragnar Lodbrok, i. 332332.
Huisdinn, son of Alasdair, Earl of Ross, his descendants, iii. 408.
Hundi (Hvelp), son of Sigurd, taken by Olaf from Orkney to Norway as a hostage, i. 386386.
Hundi Jarl, the (Crinan, lay abbot of Dunkeld), i. 401401; ii. 337337.
Hungus, King. See Angus.
Hustain (MacDonalds of Slate), clan, iii. 330.
Hwnayis, two isles, iii. 436.
Hy Fiachraich, tracts entitled The Tribes and Customs of, quoted, iii. 158, 193;
- Hereditary Proprietors of the Clann, quoted, 159.
Hy (Hii). See Iona.
Hy Many, Customs of, quoted, iii. 160.
Hy Neill, the, i. 248248, 249249; iii. 340.

Ian (MacIans), clan, iii. 330.
- See Eoin.
Iberian or Basque race, an, preceded the Celts in Britain and Ireland, i. 164164 seq., 226226;
- language of, 193193.
Iceni, the, a powerful British nation, defeated by Ostorius, i. 3636;
- insurrection of, under Queen Boadicea, 3838.
I Columchill. See Iona.
Ictis, island of, i. 166166.
Ida, son of Eobba, forms the kingdom of Bernicia (A.D. 547-559), i. 155155, 156156; iii. 19.
Idvies. See Edevyn.
Iena estuary (the Cree), i. 6666.
Ierne. See Ireland.
Iernian Isles, a name applied by a Greek poet to the British Isles, i. 2929.
Ila, river (the Ulie, Helmsdale), i. 6767;
- isle of, iii. 437.
Imergi, ancestor of Somerled, Regulus de Herergaidel, i. 397397.
- See Jehmarc.
Imhair Ua Imhair, leader of the Norwegians, slain by the Men of Fortrenn, i. 339339.
Imhar (Imhair, Ivar), king of the Northmen, takes Alclyde, and returns with Amlaiph to Dublin with great booty, i. 324-5324-5.
Inchaffray, church of, iii. 269.
Inchigall (Innsigall) = islands of the Galls, a term applied to the Western Isles when colonised by the Norwegians, i. 345345, 376376; iii. 292.
Inchkeith. See Alauna.
Inchmahome, church of, dedicated to Colman (Mocholmoc) of Dromore, ii. 3232.
Indulph, son of Constantin, king of Alban (A.D. 254-262), i. 365365;
- two events in his reign: Edinburgh and the district round it surrendered to the Scots, and the descent of Norwegian pirates on Buchan, 365365;
- different statements as to his death, 366366.
Ingibiorg, widow of Thorfinn, becomes wife of Malcolm III., i. 414414.
Inguar (Imhair), son of Ragnar Lodbrok, ancestor of the Danish kings of Dublin, i. 332332;
- kings who were descendants of, 376376.
Inisfallen, Annals of, i. 2626.
Inner Hebrides. See Hebrides.
Innermessan, farm of, fortified moat on, i. 7272.
Innes, Cosmo, his Scotland in the Middle Ages, i. 1212;
- on the Marr letters-patent, iii. 442.
Innes, Thomas, remarks on his Essay on the ancient inhabitants of Scotland, i. 1818;
- his use of the term ‘Midland Britons,’ 87.
Innrechtach, probably a leader of the Picts of Galloway, i. 291-2291-2.
Innrechtach ua Finachta, abbot of Iona, takes the reliquaries of Collumcille to Ireland, ii. 305305;
- killed on his way to Rome, 309309.
Inschenycht, isle of, iii. 436.
Inscriptions found along the course of the wall of Antoninus, i. 7878, 7979.
Inverculen, i. 366366.
Inverkeillor, thanage of, iii. 265.
Inverdovet (Inverdufatha), i. 327-8327-8.
Inverry. See St. Monans.
Invers and Abers, on the distribution of, i. 220-222220-222.
Iona (Hy, Hii, I Columchill), island of, i. 183183, 251251;
- description of it, ii. 89-9389-93;
- monastery of, i. 258-9258-9;
- church plundered, and many slain by the Northmen (A.D. 794), 304304; ii. 290290 seq.;
- Dunkeld afterwards the seat of supremacy for the Columban churches, i. 305305;
- the monastery rebuilt with stone, ii. 297297;
- shrine of Columba deposited therein, 300300 (see Diarmaid);
- again ravaged by the Danes (A.D. 825), 300300 (see Blathmac);
- again in the year 986, i. 377377; ii. 332-35332-35;
- in 1203 the monastery rebuilt by Reginald, second son of Somerled, ii. 415415;
- who founds the Benedictine abbey and nunnery of, 415415.
Ireland (Ierne), originally called Eriu, also Hibernia, and Scotia, the mother country of the Scots, i. 11, 22, 130130;
- the name Scotia, by which Ireland alone was meant prior to the tenth century, transferred to Scotland in the eleventh, 33, 55;
- fabulous history of, and the commencement of its true history, 2525, 180180;
- its ancient inhabitants, 178178;
- ethnological legends, 172-183172-183;
- ravaged by Ecgfrid, 264-5264-5;
- final conflict with the Danes, 386386 seq.;
- monastic church in, ii. 41-5041-50 (see Monastery);
- twelve apostles of, 5151;
- church of the southern Scots of, conforms to Rome, 159159;
- southern and northern districts defined, 161161;
- influence of the last three pagan kings of, in Scotland, iii. 114-120;
- Erc and his sons (see Erc);
- provinces in, 42;
- ancient laws of, 151 seq.
- See also Finé, Tuath.
Irish Annals to be used with discrimination, i. 2424, 2525;
- Irish early history, artificial character of, iii. 97;
- manuscripts, 458 seq.
Irish (Gaelic) language, i. 193193;
- spoken dialects of, ii. 450450;
- peculiarities of, 451451;
- written, 452452.
- See Languages.
Irt, isle of, iii. 431.
Irvine, river, Roman remains on the, i. 7373.
Isca Silurum (Caerleon), i. 8181.
Isla, island of, i. 140140; iii. 213, 438.
Isla, river, peninsula formed by its junction with the Tay, the probable position of the Roman army before the battle of Mons Granpius, i. 52-5452-54; iii. 276.
Isles, Norwegian kingdom of the: the Western Isles subdued and colonised (A.D. 793-806), i. 304-5304-5, 311-12311-12; iii. 28 seq.;
- Thorstein the Red devastates the northern provinces of Scotland (A.D. 875), i. 326-7326-7, 336336; ii. 317317;
- colonisation of Orkney and Shetland, with Caithness and Sutherland (A.D. 889), i. 335335, 342342, 344344; iii. 47;
- descent of a Norwegian fleet on Buchan (A.D. 954), i. 365-6365-6;
- the Danes oppose the Norwegians in their possession of the Isles (A.D. 970), ii. 332332 seq.;
- Somerled drives the Norwegians out of the mainland, and conquers part of the Isles (A.D. 1154-64), i. 469-73469-73; iii. 33-35;
- decline of the Norwegian rule till the Isles were formally ceded to Alexander III. (A.D. 1266), i. 495495; iii. 35-39.
- See Einar, Sigurd.
Isles, Chiefs of the, i. 441441; iii. 37;
- sketch of the Lords of the, 292-300;
- their extinction, 300;
- legendary history, 397;
- an Irish poem (and translation) relative to the kingdom of the, 410-27;
- bishop of the, 433 seq.;
- description of, with their pertinents and pendicles (written 1577-95), 428-440.
- See also under names of the various islands.
Isthmus between the Forth and Clyde, wall of Antoninus on (see Roman walls): stations on it, i. 7878.
Ith, race of, iii. 111.
Itunæ Æstuarium, the (Solway Firth), i. 6464, 6666.
Itys, river (Carron), i. 6969.
Ivar. See Imhar.

Jarrow (on Tyne), monastery of, i. 278-9278-9.
Jehmarc (Imergi?) submits to Cnut, i. 395395, 397397, 405405.
Jerome, St., his mention of the Attacotts in Gaul, i. 101101, 106106.
Jocelyn of Furness, biographer of St. Kentigern, ii. 179179 seq.
John the Lame, clan, iii. 470.
Jugantes, a sept of the Brigantes, i. 3737.
Julian, Emperor, i. 9898.
Julius Cæsar, invasion of Britain by, i. 3131;
- his account of the inhabitants, 3232.
Julius Frontinus, a Roman governor in Britain, i. 3939.
Jura, island of, battle at, i. 264264; see also iii. 213, 438.
Jutes, the, invade Britain with the Saxons and Angles, i. 149149, 189-192189-192.

Kaffirs, our war with the, illustrative of that between the Romans and the tribes of ancient Britain, i. 8585.
Kali (or Karl) Hundason, appellation given to Duncan, son of Crinan, i. 400400, 401401, 404404.
Kari Solmundson, i. 378378.
Kathenes (Kettins), thanage of, iii. 266.
Kay and Qwhwle, clan, iii. 310.
Keledei (Cele De), (see Anchorites, Culdees), grant of lands at Lochleven to the, ii. 355355;
- superseded by canons regular, 384384;
- suppression of those of St. Andrews, 384-388;
- of Lochleven, 338338;
- of Monymusk, 389-392;
- of Abernethy, 399399;
- regulations for the government of the community of, at St. Andrews, ii. 357357;
- Armagh, 359359;
- Iona, 360360;
- Clonmacnois, 362362.
Kells, Book of, iii. 170.
Kells (Cennanus, in Meath), church of, i. 305305;
- portion of St. Columba’s relics transferred to, 310310; ii. 307307.
Kelly, thanage of, iii. 268.
Kelp manufacture in the Highlands, iii. 374;
- failure of, 376.
Kelso (Calchvynyd), iii. 102.
Kemble’s Saxons in England, i. 150-1150-1.
Kenneth mac Alpin (Kynadius), chronology of his reign (844-60), i. 308308;
- becomes king of the Picts, 309-10309-10;
- obscurity of this period, 313313;
- causes and nature of the revolution which placed him on the Pictish throne, 314-16314-16; ii. 306306, 315315;
- re-establishes the Columban Church, selecting Dunkeld as the Metropolitan see, 307307;
- builds a church there, and removes to it part of the relics of Columba, 307307;
- question as to his paternal descent, i. 321321;
- A.D. 860 the true year of his death, 308308, 313313;
- his sons and daughters, 313313.
Kenneth (971-95), son of Malcolm, king of Alban, i. 368368;
- ravages the territory of the Britons, 368368;
- invades Northumbria, 369369;
- said to have slain Amlaiph, son of Indulph, 370370;
- untrustworthy statements as to the cession of any part of Northumbria to him, 370-74370-74;
- contest as to the sovereignty of Caithness, 374-80374-80;
- slain at Fettercairn, 380380;
- his reign an important one both for the Scottish Church and for Iona, ii. 331-2331-2.
Kenneth (997-1004), son of Dubh, king of Alban, i. 382-3382-3.
Kenneth (Mackenzies), clan, iii. 330, 354, 365;
- legendary descent, 485.
Kent. See Cantium.
Kentigern, St., i. 117117;
- biographies of, ii. 179-185179-185;
- early notice of, 186186;
- driven to Wales, 187187;
- founds the monastery of Llanelwy (St. Asaph’s), 188188;
- recalled by Rydderch Hael, 190190;
- fixes his first see at Hoddam, 191191;
- missions to Galloway, Albania, and the Orkneys, 192192;
- returns to Glasgow, 193193;
- visited by Columba, 194194;
- his death, 196196.
Ketill Flatnose (Caittil Finn), i. 311311, 312312, 326326; iii. 29.
Kettins. See Kathenes.
Kilbride MS., iii. 458, 460.
Kildare, church of, dedicated to St. Bridget, ii. 309309.
Kilmalemnok, thanage of, iii. 249.
Kilmun, condition of Columban church of, ii. 410410.
Kilrymont (Cellrighmonaid). See St. Andrews.
Kinat, son of Ferat, king of the Picts, i. 309309.
Kinclaven, thanage of, iii. 276, 277.
Kindeloch, Loch, old name of New Abbey parish in Kirkcudbright, i. 137137.
- See Cendaeladh.
Kindrochet (Chondrochedalvan), in Aberdeenshire, church of, dedicated to St. Andrew, i. 298298.
Kinelvadon (Cinel Baedan), a small state in Dalriada, i. 264264.
Kingaltevy, thanage of, iii. 263.
Kinneir, thanage of, iii. 268.
Kinross, thanage of, iii. 268.
Kintyre (Cindtyre, Pentir), peninsula of:
- known to the Romans as the ‘Promontorium Caledoniæ,’ i. 4040; ii. 8585;
- visited by Agricola, i. 4747;
- settlement of the Irish Scots in, 140140 seq.;
- possessed by the Cinel Gabran, 229229, 273273;
- mentioned in the Gododin, 250250;
- Norwegians in, 387387;
- sheriffdom of, and boundaries, iii. 89.
Kiritinus (Curitan), bishop and abbot of Rossmeinn, i. 277-8277-8.
Kirkbuddo, its connection with St. Boethius, i. 135135.
Kirkcaldy, ii. 226226.
Kirkintulloch, i. 161161.
Kirriemuir (Westermore), Aethelstan advances to, in his invasion of Alban, i. 352352.
Knaresborough, i. 359359.
Kyle and adjacent regions subdued, (A.D. 750) by Eadberct of Northumbria, i. 294-5294-5.
Kyncarden, thanage of, iii. 258.
Kynlos, bridge of, i. 367367.
Kynnaber, thanage of, iii. 265.
Kyntor (Kintore), thanage of, iii. 253.
Kyrkness, lands of, iii. 61, 361.

Labhran (Lawren), or MacLarens, clan, iii. 329, 343, 344, 363, 365, 483.
Lachlan, clan, iii. 331, 340, 341, 473.
Laight Alpin (a stone pillar so called), incorrectly identified by Chalmers with Laight Castle, i. 292292.
Laisren, Columba’s successor in Iona, ii. 150150.
Lammermoor hills, i. 99, 240240, 241241;
- the scene of the early life of St. Cuthbert, ii. 201201.
Lamont (Ladmann), clan, iii. 331, 340, 341, 432.
Land-measures, iii. 153-157, 200-203, 223-227.
Land-tenure, iii. 83;
- in the Highlands and Islands subsequent to the sixteenth century, 368 seq.
Languages of Britain, and their relation to each other, i. 192192 seq., 226226, 227227;
- the three dialects of British (Welsh, Cornish, and Breton) not mutually intelligible, 199199;
- topographic evidence as to character of, 212-225212-225; ii. 453-457453-457;
- a written language introduced by Scottish monks, 457457;
- Lowland Scotch termed English, 460460, 462462;
- subsequently the term Scotch passes into Lowland Scotch, 462462.
- See Manx.
Laws of King William the Lion, referred to, iii. 217.
Laws attributed to David I., iii. 217 seq.
Leabhar Gabhala, the, and its ethnologic legends, i. 172172 seq.
Leader, river, ii. 201201.
Lecan, Book of, ii. 2626; iii. 338338, 446446 seq.
Lector (Ferleiginn), first appearance of the, ii. 444444.
Leeds, i. 255255.
- See Loidis.
Legendary origins, iii. 90-120;
- extent of their historic basis, 120-24;
- paralleled suspiciously in events during the Roman occupation of Britain, 124.
- See also Celtic population, Highland clans.
Legion, city of the, i. 153153.
Leinster, Book of, i. 172172; iii. 476.
Leinster, kings of, i. 403403.
Lemannonius Sinus (Loch Long), i. 6767, 7575.
Lennox (Levenach), district of, iii. 135;
- the earldom of, 69;
- its extinction, 300,
  - and legendary descent, 341, 359, 416;
- remarks on Sir W. Fraser’s Lennox, 360.
Leva, river (North Esk), i. 6767.
Leven, origin of the name, i. 221221;
- rivers in Argyllshire and Dumbartonshire, 272-73272-73.
- See Muredach Albanach.
Lewis (Lodus), island of, i. 387387, 396396; iii. 429.
Liaccmaelain, battle at, i. 264264.
Libere tenentes, definition of, iii. 240.
Liberi firmarii, free farmers, iii. 243.
Liffey, kings of, i. 403403.
Lindisfarne, island of (Ynys Medcaud), i. 237237, 413413;
- episcopal seat of Bishop Aidan, 251251; ii. 158158;
- removal of the see to York, i. 260260;
- the island attacked by Norwegian and Danish pirates, 302-3302-3.
Lindum, a town of the Damnonii, i. 7373.
Lingaran (Duin Nechtain), battle of (in parish of Dunnichen, Forfarshire), i. 265265; ii. 213.
Linnhe loch, i. 264264.
Lintrose, Roman camp at, i. 4949, 5050;
- plan of, in Roy’s Military Antiquities, 5151.
Liotr, son of Thorfinn, earl of Orkney, i. 374-5374-5.
Lismore, Book of, iii. 117, 130, 137;
- isle of, 435.
- See Argyll, Epidium.
Literature and learning, influence of the Church on, ii. 448448.
Loarn, Cinel, one of the three tribes of the Dalriadic kingdom, inhabiting the district of Lorn, i. 229229;
- its three subdivisions, 230230, 264264;
- contest for the Dalriadic throne with Cinel Gabran, 272-3272-3, 287287;
- driven to extremity by Angus, they attack the Picts in Manann, and are defeated by Talorgan, Angus’s brother, 290-91290-91.
Lochene, son of Nechtan Cennfota, slain, i. 246246.
Lochlannach (people of Lochlann), a term applied to the Norwegians, i. 304304.
Lochleven, Culdees of, i. 406406.
Lochow, district of, the original seat of the clan O’Duibhn or Campbells, iii. 330, 331, 343.
Logierait (Loginmahedd), church of, iii. 274.
Loidis: confusion in Bede’s use of the word, i. 254-5254-5.
- See Lothian.
Loirgeclat (Loch Arklet), conflict between the Dalriads and Britons at, i. 273273.
Lollius Urbicus, sent to Britain, i. 7676;
- constructs wall of Antoninus, 76-7976-79.
Long Island (Outer Hebrides), present condition of population of townships in, iii. 378;
- methods of cultivation, 379-381;
- reclamation of moorland, 381;
- grazing, 382;
- hill-grazing, 385-87;
- shealings, 387;
- rents, 388;
- seaweed gathering, 389;
- fines and reparation for trespass by cattle, etc., 385, 390;
- laws and customs, 390-91;
- houses, 392;
- friendliness, 393;
- gradual disappearance of the system, 394.
- See Highlands.
Longus, river (the Add), i. 68, 216.
Loogdeae (Loch Inch), battle near, i. 288.
Lords of the Isles. See Isles.
Lorn, district of, i. 229;
- subdivisions of, 230;
- sheriffdom of, and boundaries, iii. 88.
Lothian (Lothene, Loidis, Lodonea), districts comprised under this term, i. 131131, 240240, 241241, 255255;
- invaded six times by Kenneth Mac Alpin, 310310, 374374;
- surrendered to the Scots, 365365;
- its cession by king Edgar to Kenneth son of Malcolm, not correct, 370-74370-74;
- ceded to Malcolm ii., 393393, 394394;
- monasteries in, ii. 200200;
- churches founded in Lothian only after the extinction of the Celtic church, 366366.
Loudon Hill, Roman remains on, i. 7373.
Lowthers, the, a group of hills, i. 99.
Loxa, river (Lossie), i. 6767, 216216.
Loyng, isle of, iii. 438.
Luaire (Carlowrie?), battle at, i. 325325.
Lucopibia, a town of the Novantæ, i. 7272, 132132.
Lucullus, a Roman governor in Britain, successor of Agricola, i. 5858.
Lugi, a northern tribe, i. 7676, 206206.
Lulach, son of Gilcomgan, king of Scotia, i. 411411.
Lumphanan, i. 410410, 413413.
Lupicinus, sent to Britain to oppose the Picts and Scots, i. 9898.
Lupus, Vivius, governor of Britain, i. 8080.

Macbeth (Maelbaethe), son of Finnlaec, his submission to king Cnut, i. 395395, 397397;
- mormaer of Moray, 403-4403-4; iii. 53;
- king of Scotia, i. 405405;
- kingdom invaded by Siward, earl of Northumbria, 408-9408-9;
- slain by Malcolm Ceannmor, at Lumphanan, 410410.
M‘Clane, Dowart (Great M‘Lane), iii. 434 seq.
M‘Clane of Lochbuy, iii. 434, 435, 439.
M‘Cloyd, Lewis, iii. 429, 431, 432.
M‘Cloyd, Harreis, iii. 429, 431, 433.
M‘Cowle of Lorne, iii. 435.
Maccus (Magnus), son of Aralt, i. 376376; iii. 30.
Macdonald, Alexander, Gaelic scholar and poet, ii. 464464.
Macdonalds, the. See Clanranald, Donald.
Macdougalls, the. See Dubhgal.
Macduff, the fictitious, iii. 64.
Macduff, clan, and its privileges, iii. 303-6.
- See Gillemichel.
MacDuffy (Makasie), Laird, iii. 438.
MacEth, Malcolm, mystery of his antecedents, i. 462462;
- raises a rebellion, 462462;
- checked in Galloway, 464464;
- finally defeated, taken prisoner, and confined, 464464;
- liberated, 469469;
- deprived of his eyesight, 470470;
- retires to a monastery, 470470.
MacEth, Donald, eldest son of Malcolm, defeated and taken prisoner at Whithern, i. 469469.
MacEth, Kenneth, heads an insurrection insurrection, is taken prisoner and beheaded, i. 483.
MacEwens of Otter, iii. 340-41.
M‘Firbis, sennachie, iii. 119, 458 seq.
Macgregor, Dean, of Lismore, ii. 461461.
- See Lismore, Book of.
MacGregors, clan. See Gregor.
MacIntosh, clan, iii. 356-8, 478.
- See Chattan.
MacIntyre, Duncan Ban, ii. 464464.
Mackay, clan. See Morgan.
Mackenzie, clan. See Kenneth.
MacKinnons, clan, iii. 363, 488.
- See Fingaine.
M‘Kynvin, Laird, iii. 432, 434.
MacLarens, clan, iii. 343-4.
MacLeans, clan, iii. 331, 343, 354, 480.
MacLennans, clan, iii. 489.
MacLeods, clan, iii. 331, 339, 354, 429, 460.
MacMillans, clan, iii. 489.
MacNabs, clan, iii. 362, 365, 486.
MacNaughtons, the, iii. 342.
M‘Neill, Barra, iii. 430.
MacQuarries, clan. See Guaire.
MacRory, clan, iii. 471.
M‘Thomas, clan, iii. 330.
MacVurich, historian and sennachie, iii. 33 seq., 397 seq.
Mac William, Donald Ban, aspires to the throne (A.D. 1181), i. 476476;
- killed at Mamgarvia Moor, 479479.
MacWilliam, Guthred, son of Donald Ban, incites to rebellion (A.D. 1211), and is beheaded, i. 482482.
MacWilliam, Donald Ban, heads an insurrection (A.D. 1215), is taken prisoner, and beheaded, i. 483483.
Madderty, abthanry of, iii. 87.
Mæatæ, nation of the, i. 8080, 8181, 9090, 9999, 128128;
- etymology of the name, 8383, 8787.
Maelbaethe. See Macbeth.
Maelbrigde, bishop of Alban, ii. 330330.
Maelduin, bishop of Alban, ii. 343343.
Maelrubha, St., founds church of Applecross, ii. 169169.
Maelsechnaill, king of Ireland, death of, i. 323323.
Maerleswegen (Marleswein), i. 414414, 415415, 420420.
Magbiodr (Maelbrigdi), a Scottish earl, i. 374-5374-5, 397397.
Magedauc, Mocetauc. See Mugdoch.
Magh Fortren. See Fortrenn.
Magh Girgin. See Circinn.
Magh Lena, poem on battle of, iii. 154.
Magh Rath, battle of, i. 198198, 248248.
Magnus Barefoot, king of Norway, his first invasion of the Isles (A.D. 1093), i. 437437;
- his second expedition (1098), 441441;
- third (1103), in which he was slain, 442-3442-3; iii. 32, 47.
Maid of Norway, i. 496-7496-7.
- See Margaret.
Maighline, in Ulster, mistaken by Chalmers for Mauchlin, in Ayrshire, i. 132132.
Mailcu, a Dalaradian king, i. 136136.
Maine, Sir Henry, his Early Institutions, iii. 137, 146 seq.
Major, John, cited, iii. 317.
Malcolm I. son of Donald, king of Alban (A.D. 942-54), i. 360360;
- invades Moreb or Moray and slays Cellach, 360-1360-1;
- Cumbria ceded to the Scots, 362362, 382382;
- penetrates into England as far as the Tees, 363363;
- said by some to have been slain at Fetteresso by the men of Moerne, by others at Ulurn by the men of Moray, 364-5364-5.
Malcolm II., son of Kenneth, king of Scotia (A.D. 1005-34), slays his predecessor Kenneth, son of Dubh, at Monzievaird, i. 382-3382-3;
- defeated in attempting to extend his territories beyond the Forth, 385-6385-6;
- state of the districts north of the Spey at this time, 386386, seq.;
- gives one of his daughters in marriage to Sigurd the Stout, 386386, 401401;
- and another to Crinan, abbot of Dunkeld, 390390, 392392;
- second attempt on Northumbria, battle of Carham, cession of Lothian to the Scots, 392-94392-94;
- his submission to Cnut the Dane, 395395;
- his death, 397-8397-8;
- description of Britain at this period, 395395;
- the name Scotia transferred from Ireland to Scotland, 398398.
Malcolm III. (Ceannmor), son of Duncan, king of Scotia (A.D. 1057-93), i. 408408;
- is put in possession of the throne of Cumbria by Earl Siward, 408-410408-410;
- slays Macbeth, king of Scotia, 410410;
- date of his accession, 410410;
- marries first, Ingibiorg, widow of Thorfinn, 414414,
  - and second, Margaret, sister of Eadgar Aetheling, 415415, 422422; iii. 215;
- advantages accruing to him from these relationships, i. 415-16415-16;
- his invasions of Northumbria, 417-22417-22;
- his relations with William the Conqueror, 423423 seq.;
- his death, 430430;
- state of Scotland at this time, 432-3432-3;
- his family, 434434.
Malcolm IV., grandson of David I., reigns twelve years (A.D. 1153-65), i. 469469;
- first king crowned at Scone, 469469;
- attacked by Somerled and the sons of Malcolm mac Eth, 469469;
- temporary peace agreed to, 470470;
- quells the revolt of six of the seven earls of Scotland, 471471; iii. 65;
- subdues Galloway, i. 472472;
- represses the rebellious spirit in the district of Moray, 473473;
- defeats Somerled at Renfrew, 473473;
- his death, 474474.
Malcolm, son of Donald, king of the Cumbrians, death of, i. 381-2381-2.
Maldred, son of Crinan, i. 392392, 394394, 408408, 419419.
Maleus, island (Mull), i. 6868, 216216.
Malisius, bishop of Alban, ii. 329329.
Mamgarvia moor in Moray, i. 479479.
Mamore, district of, i. 411411.
Man, Isle of, subjected to Norwegian rule, i. 345345;
- the Danes in, 347347;
- the island a bone of contention between the two, 376376 seq.;
- some time in possession of the Scots, finally passes to the English crown, iii. 9;
- office of the Toshiagh Jioarey, 279.
Manau (Manann), boundaries of the district in Scotland so called, i. 131131, 238238, 254254;
- battle of, 161161;
- Picts of, rise against their Saxon rulers, but are defeated, 270270;
- attacked by Muredach of Dalriada, who is defeated by Angus’s brother at Carriber, 290-91290-91.
Manx tongue, the, i. 193193;
- not understood by the Irish, 199199.
Maor (Mair) of fee, iii. 279, 280.
Mar, district of, i. 281281, 341341;
- Donald, mormaer of, slain, 387-8387-8;
- Mar and Buchan, one of the seven provinces, iii. 43, 46;
- earldom of, 68;
- historic sketch of, 291.
Mar, earl of, authenticity of the letters-patent said to have been granted to him in 1171, examined, iii. 441.
Marcellus Ulpius, i. 7979.
Marcus, Emperor, slain by Gratian, i. 108108.
Margaret, daughter of Alexander III., and her daughter the Maid of Norway, i. 496-7496-7.
Margaret, St., wife of Malcolm III. (Ceannmor), i. 414-16414-16, 432432;
- her death, 433433;
- character of, ii. 344344;
- her reforms in the church, 346-50346-50;
- her demeanour to the Anchorites, 351351;
- rebuilds the monastery of Iona, 352352;
- her relics enshrined at Dunfermline, 491491; iii. 81.
Marianus Scotus, Chronicle of, i. 398398, 403403, 407407.
Martin, St., of Tours, church of Candida Casa dedicated to, ii. 33, 4949.
Maserfelth. See Cocboy.
Mathesons, clan, iii. 354, 365, 485.
Maxima Cæsariensis, a Roman province in Britain, i. 9696, 9797, 103103.
Maximian, Galerius, associated with Diocletian in the empire, i. 9292, 9393.
Maximus, Clemens, proclaimed Emperor in Britain, i. 104104;
- Gratian slain by him in Gaul, and he himself defeated and slain by the emperor Theodosius, at Aquileia, 105105.
May, Isle of, St. Adrian and those who accompanied him, slain there by the Danes, i. 321321; ii. 312312.
Mearns. See Moerne.
Medraud, son of Llew of Lothian, i. 154154.
Meicen. See Hatfield.
Melbrigda Tönn, a Scottish jarl, slain by Sigurd, i. 336-7336-7.
Melrose (Mailros), monastery at, i. 133133; ii. 200200;
- Chronicle of, quoted, iii. 65.
Menmuir, dedication to St. Aidan at, i. 260260;
- thanage of, iii. 265.
Menteith and Stratherne, province of, i. 211211, 340340, 342342; iii. 43, 46;
- historic sketch of the earldom of, 290.
- See Fortrenn.
Mercia, kingdom of, i. 239239, 243243.
Mertæ, a northern tribe, i. 7676, 206206.
Miathi (? = Mæatæ), the, battle of, by Aidan, i. 161161;
- locality of, 161 n.161 n..
Miledh (Milesius), legend of the sons of, i. 174174 seq.; iii. 108;
- the Milesians a variety of the Gadhelic branch of the Celtic race, and known as Scots after fourth century, i. 227227.
Milites, knights, status of, in the tribe, iii. 239-40.
Minvircc (stone so called), Britons defeated by the Dalriads at, i. 273273.
- See Clach na Breatan.
Modan, St., notice of, ii. 282282.
Moddan, nominated earl of Caithness by King Duncan, slain by Thorkell Fostri, i. 401401, 402402.
Moerne, Men of, i. 342342, 380380, 383383;
- province of, iii. 42, 46, 122.
Moinenn, St. (Monenna, Monanus), notice of, ii. 3737, 311-314311-314.
Molaga, St., bed of, ii. 304304.
Molaise, the monastic order of, founded by Ragnall, son of Somerled, iii. 400.
Mona (Anglesea), i. 3232, 4343.
Monarchy, the idea of, a legacy of Rome to Britain, i. 121121.
Monarina, island of (Arran), i. 6868, 6969.
Monastery, the primitive Irish, ii. 5757;
- monastic element introduced into the organisation of the church, 4141;
- derived from Gaul, 4545;
- reached the Irish Church through two different channels, 4545;
- monastic family described, 6161;
- island monasteries, 6262;
- monasteries, Christian colonies, 6363;
- privilege of sanctuary, 6565;
- seminaries of instruction, 7575;
- monastic church affected by two opposite influences—secular clergy, 227227,
  - and anchoretical life, 233-39233-39;
- literature of, 422422;
- monastic orders of church of Rome introduced in the native church, 392392;
- and monasteries founded by feudal kings, iii. 12.
Moncrieffe (Monaigh Craebi), in Perthshire, battle at, i. 288288.
Monifieth (Monyfoth), thanage of, iii. 263, 267.
Monikie (Monichi, Moneclatu), church of, dedicated to St. Andrew, i. 297-8297-8.
Montrose (Old Monros), thanage of, iii. 265.
Monzievaird (Moeghavard), in Stratherne, i. 383-4383-4; iii. 270.
Moray (Moravia, Myrhaevi, Moreb), district of, i. 241241, 381381, 396396, 402402;
- invaded by Malcolm, son of Donald, 360360;
- Finlaic, mormaer of, 375375, 389389;
- bishopric of, ii. 368-370368-370;
- historical sketch of the thanage of, iii. 249;
- earldom of, 287;
- chartulary of, 312;
- men of, 365;
- legendary descent of, 476.
Morgan (Mackays), clan, iii. 330.
Morkere, Earl, i. 418418.
Mormaers, rulers of provinces in the eleventh century, iii. 49, 303;
- termed Jarls by the Norwegians, 54.
Morphie, thanage of, iii. 261.
Mortuath. See Tribe.
Mount, St. Michael’s, i. 166166.
Mountain chains (see Cheviots, Drumalban, Lowthers, Mounth), their importance as landmarks, i. 1313.
Mounth, the, a mountain chain from near Aberdeen to Fort-William, i. 10-1410-14, 230230 seq.; iii. 133.
Moylinny. See Maighline.
Moyness, thanage of, iii. 248.
Mugdoch (Mocetauc, Magedauc), battle at, between the Picts of Manann and the Britons, i. 295295.
Mugint, St., i. 136136.
Mull (Mule), isle of, iii. 434;
- townships in, 371.
Munbre, thanage of, iii. 86, 251.
Munch, Professor, i. 400400, 412412.
Municipal government, a legacy of Rome to Britain, i. 121121.
Muredach Albanach, his address to the river Leven, iii. 117 seq.;
- the original of the poem, 454-5.
Muredach, son of Ainbhceallach, chief of the Cinel Loarn, i. 289289.
Mureif, district of, = Reged, i. 153153; iii. 102.
Mureston Water, i. 249249.
Mynyd Agned (Dineiddyn, Dunedin = Edinburgh), i. 153153, 238238.
Myrcforth (Myrcford), Norse term for the Firth of Forth, i. 369369.
Myrhaevi. See Moray.

Nabarus, river (the Naver), i. 6969.
Naiton, Naitan, king of the Picts. See Nectan.
Nash, D. W., remarks on his paper on the site of the battle in which Penda was slain, i. 255255.
Native-men, iii. 318-321.
Neachtan (MacNaughton), clan, iii. 331, 499.
Nechtan’s mere, i. 266266.
Nectan, a Pictish king, restored to life by St. Boethius, i. 135135.
Nectan (Naiton), son of Dereli, king of the Picts, i. 270270, 277-280277-280;
- conforms to the Anglican Roman Church, and expels the Columban clergy from his kingdom, 283-4283-4;
- becomes a cleric, 284284;
- bound by Drust, 285-6285-6;
- endeavours to regain his crown, 288288;
- his death, 289289.
Nectarides, a Count of the maritime tract in Britain, slain by the Saxons, i. 9999.
Neill (MacNeill), clan, iii. 331, 430.
Newburgh (Niwanbyrig), i. 295295.
Niall of Iceland and his sons, i. 377-9377-9.
Niall Mor, iii. 115.
Nicholas, Pope, i. 413413.
Nicolsons, clan, iii. 461.
Niduari, the, of Bede = Ptolemy’s Novantæ, i. 133133, 238238; ii. 208208, 209209.
Nieder Biebr, inscriptions found at, i. 8989.
Niger, C. Pescennius, Emperor, put to death by Severus, i. 8080.
Ninian, St., life and labours of, i. 130130; ii. 2-62-6;
- church of, known as Candida Casa, i. 188188; ii. 22, 45-4945-49.
- See Church, Whithorn.
Nith, river (the Novius of Ptolemy), i. 6666, 133133.
Nordereys (Northern Islands—Orkney and Shetland) and Sudreys (the Western Islands), iii. 28, 29;
- Hill Burton’s mistake as to these, i. 495495.
Norman Castles first built in David the First’s reign, i. 465465; iii. 12.
Normandykes, on the Dee, camp at, i. 8787.
Norris, Mr., on the mutual intelligibility of Breton and Cornish, i. 199199.
Northumbria, kingdom of (see Ida, Aedilfrid, Aeduin, Osuald, Osuiu, Ecgfrid, Eadberct, Osulf);
- invasions of, by kings of Alban, i. 372372;
- invaded by the Danes, 332332;
- attacked by Aethelstan, 351351 seq.;
- vicissitudes under Eadmund and Eadred, 363-4363-4;
- the kingdom becomes an earldom, 364364;
- is divided into two earldoms, 369369;
- is invaded five times by Malcolm Ceannmor, 417417 seq.;
- Scottish church of, 258258; ii. 154-166154-166.
Norway, Maid of, i. 497497.
Norwegia and Dacia, districts occupied by Norwegians and Danes, i. 395-6395-6.
Norwegians (see also Danes), first irruptions of, on the British coasts (A.D. 793) i. 302302 seq.; iii. 18;
- association with the Gallwegians, i. 311311 (see Gallgaidhel);
- conflict with Danes, 327327;
- their invasions of Alban in Constantin’s reign, 339339, 347347.
- See Imhair Ua Imhair, Regnwald.
Novantæ, promontory of the (Mull of Galloway), i. 6666;
- tribe of the, and their towns, 7272, 127127.
Nrurim, Aed, king of the Picts, slain at, by his own people, i. 328328.

Oan (Eugein), king of the Britons, i. 250250, 271271.
Obeyn (Aboyne), thanage of, iii. 86, 256.
Ocha, battle of, i. 2525, 139139, 180180; ii. 4646; iii. 120.
Octa and Ebissa’s colony, i. 147147;
- war with, 152152 seq.
O’Curry, Professor, i. 22.
O’Donovan, Dr., i. 22, 199199.
O’Duibhn (Campbells), iii. 330, 458.
Oestrymnides, a name applied to the Cassiterides, i. 168168.
Oikell, river, i. 337337.
Olaf. See Anlaf, Amlaiph.
Olaf Ketilson, i. 377377.
Olaf the White. See Amlaimh.
Olaf Tryggvesson, the first Christian king of Norway, i. 386386.
Olave, son of Godred Crovan, rules Western Isles forty years, i. 443443.
O’Neill, thanage of, iii. 256.
Oransay, isle of, iii. 438.
Orcades, the (Orkney Islands), i. 3535;
- taken possession of by the Roman fleet, 5757.
Orcas, promontory of (Dunnet Head), i. 3131, 6868.
Ordas, a name of Lewis, i. 395-6395-6.
Ordovices, a British tribe, i. 3535;
- defeated by Agricola, 4343.
Orkneyinga Saga, i. 336-7336-7, 375375, 389389, 390390;
- quoted, iii. 54;
- cited, 448.
Orkneys, the, Saxons form their headquarters there in A.D. 369, i. 101101, 130130;
- laid waste in 682 by Bruidhe, 263263;
- Norwegian earldom of Orkney founded, 335-7335-7;
- the earls and their exploits, 374374 seq., 386386, 388388, 401401; iii. 8.
- See Caithness, Orcades.
Orr, loch, Roman remains on, i. 7474.
Orrea, a town of the Vernicomes, i. 7474.
Osbryht, king of Northumbria, slain, i. 332332.
Osfrid, son of Aeduin, i. 243243.
Oshern, son of Siward, i. 408408.
Osirsdaill, Ottersdaill, forest of, iii. 429, 430.
Oslac, an earl of Northumbria, i. 368368.
Osred, son of Aldfrid of Northumbria, i. 270270.
Osric, son of Aelric, i. 244244;
- his son, Osuini, 253253.
Ostorius (Publius), appointed Roman governor of Britain, i. 3636, 3737.
Osuald, son of Aedilfrid, king of Northumbria (A.D. 634-42), i. 244-6244-6; ii. 159159;
- his reign, i. 251-2251-2; ii. 155155 seq.;
- slain by Penda, i. 252252.
Osuald the Patrician, i. 304304.
Osuiu (Oswy), his reign as king of Northumbria (A.D. 642-70), i. 252-260252-260; ii. 163163, 200200, 207207;
- his death, i. 260260.
Osulf, king of Northumbria (A.D. 758), i. 300300;
- disorganisation of the kingdom at his death, 331331.
Osulf, name of different earls of Northumbria, i. 368368, 418418.
Oswestry (Oswaldstree), battle of Cocboy fought at, in which Osuald was slain by Penda, i. 252252.
Oswine, one of Ethelwald’s generals, i. 300300.
Otadeni (Otalini), tribe of the, i. 7171;
- their territory, 106106, 218218, 237237.
Othlyn (Gethlyn, Getling), the plains of, mentioned as the scene of the battle of Brunanburg, i. 359359.
Ottir, a Danish earl, slain at Tynemoor, i. 347-8347-8.
Outer Hebrides. See Long Island.
Ovania, probably Strathaven, i. 295295.
Owen (Eugenius the Bald), son of Domnall, sub-king of Cumbria, slain, i. 393-4393-4.
Owin (Eugenius, Eaoin), king of the Cumbrians, put to flight by Aethelstan, i. 352352.

Pabba, isle of, iii. 431.
Palgrave, Sir Francis, his work on Scottish Affairs quoted, iii. 444.
Palladius, St., notices of his life and labours, ii. 2626 seq.
Patrick, St., mentioned, i. 121121, 136136, 140140;
- analysis of the ‘Lives’ of, ii. 14-1714-17, 427-443427-443;
- sketch of his life and labours, 17-2517-25.
Paulinus, missionary among the Angles of Northumbria, i. 240240, 244244; ii. 154154.
Pecthelm, bishop in Candida Casa, i. 275275; ii. 222222.
Pedigrees, Book of, iii. 163.
Pedigrees in the Irish MSS., analysis of, iii. 338;
- of the Campbells, 339;
- the Macleods, 340;
- descendants of Colla Uais and Somerled, 340;
- of Hy Neill, 340;
- of the earls of Lennox and Mar, 341;
- of the clans among the Dalriadic Scots, 341;
- of the descendants of Cormac mac Airbertach, 344;
- artificial character of these pedigrees, 346;
- compilation of spurious pedigrees, 349;
- result of analysis, 364.
- See Clans, Genealogies.
Pelagian heresy, breaking out of the, i. 149149.
Penda, king of Mercia, joins Caedwalla in attacking Northumbria, i. 243243;
- slays Osuald at Cocboy, 252252;
- and thereafter ravages Northumbria, 253-54253-54;
- slain by Osuiu, 254254.
Penny lands defined, iii. 226.
Pentir. See Kintyre.
Pentland, a corruption of Petland or Pictland, i. 131131, 223223;
- the Pentland hills the southern boundary of the debateable lands, 238238, 247247, 249249; iii. 277.
Pentland Firth, i. 402402.
Perth, combat of two clans on North Inch of, iii. 310.
Peter, St., church of, at Wearmouth, i. 421421;
- churches dedicated to, amongst the Picts, ii. 233233.
Peterborough, monastery of, ii. 244244.
Petilius Cerealis, a Roman governor in Britain, i. 3939.
Pharlane, clan, iii. 329, 365.
Phoceans, the, of Marseilles, i. 2929, 3030.
Phœnicians: their intercourse with the British Isles, i. 2929, 3030.
Phrissones. See Frisians.
Pictish Chronicle, a work of the tenth century, i. 133133, 134134, 185185;
- its first application of the term ‘Scotti’ to the Picts, 328328.
Pictish language, remains of, i. 501501.
Pictish legend of Cruithe and his seven sons, i. 281281.
Pictish and Cumbrian territories, foreign elements introduced among population of, iii. 20;
- spread of Teutonic element over, 21.
Picts: first appearance of the independent British tribes under this name, i. 9494, 9797;
- twofold division of, the Dicalidonæ and the Vecturiones, 9999, 129129;
- origin of the name from the practice of painting their bodies, 128128, 129129;
- their Welsh name Gwyddyl Ffichti, 197197, 343343;
- their incursions, along with Scots and Saxons, into the Roman province, 105105 seq.;
- their history traced, 123-137123-137;
- division into Northern and Southern Picts, and the districts occupied by them respectively, 130130, 230230 seq.;
- mission of St. Ninian to the Southern Picts (c. A.D. 397), 130130; ii. 33;
- Pictish legends, i. 185-189185-189; ii. 113113; iii. 124-134;
- did they belong either to the Welsh or the Gaelic race? i. 197-8197-8, 226226;
- analysis of lists of Pictish kings, and its philological results, 207-12207-12;
- topography of the districts occupied by them, 223223, 224224;
- differences between the two divisions as to race and language, 231231;
- their seat of government, 232232;
- peculiarity in the order of succession among their kings, 232-235232-235;
- church of the Southern Picts, ii. 2626 seq.;
- arrival of St. Columba among the Northern Picts (A.D. 565), see Columba;
- the Southern Picts subjugated (c. A.D. 660) by Osuiu, i. 256256 seq.; ii. 207207;
- their revolt, i. 260260;
- their kingdom invaded by Ecgfrid (A.D. 685), 265-266265-266; ii. 213213 (see Ecgfrid);
- recovery of their independence, i. 267267;
- their relations with the Scots of Dalriada at this juncture, 276-7276-7;
- the Picts of Manann (see Manau, Mugdoch), 270270, 271271, 295295;
- legend of St. Bonifacius, 277277; ii. 229229;
- establishment of Scone as the capital (A.D. 710), i. 280280; iii. 132;
- the seven provinces in the eighth century, i. 280280; \ iii. 42-44;
- expulsion of the Columban clergy (A.D. 717), i. 283-84283-84, 315-16315-16; ii. 177-78177-78;
- revolution, and struggle for supremacy, i. 286286;
- battles at Moncrieffe, Scone, Monitcarno, Dromaderg, 288-9288-9;
- battle at Circinn in the Mearns (A.D. 752), 295295; iii. 123;
- Alpin the Scot attacks the Picts (A.D. 834), and is slain at Pitelpie, near Dundee, i. 306-7306-7;
- his son Kenneth invades Pictavia five years later, and in another another five years becomes king of the Picts, i. 308308-9; ii. 307;
- discussion of the question as to where the Scots came from who accompanied Kenneth, i. 316-322316-322.
- See Kenneth Mac Alpin.
Pinkerton, John, i. 1212, 2222, 140140;
- remarks on his Enquiry, 1919, 196196.
Pitalpin (Pitelpie), Alpin, father of Kenneth, slain there, i. 306-7306-7.
Pitmain, on the Spey, Roman remains at, i. 8989.
Pliny, i. 3131.
Pluscarden, Book of, iii. 311 seq.
Polybius, his reference to the British Isles, i. 3030.
Potato culture in the Highlands and Islands, iii. 374.
Presbyter-abbot, status and jurisdiction, ii. 4444.
Price, Rev. T., on the mutual intelligibility of Welsh and Breton, i. 199199.
Principes, status of, in the tribe, iii. 239.
Procopius, historian of sixth century—his ignorance of Britain, i. 115115, 145145.
Provinces of Scotland under the Picts in the kingdom of Scone, i. 280280; iii. 42-44;
- a second list of seven, excluding Caithness and including Argyll, in the kingdom of Alban, in the tenth century, i. 340340 seq.; iii. 44-49;
- provincial rulers termed Mormaers in the eleventh century, 49-5649-56;
- Toisechs of Buchan, 5656;
- first appearance of seven earls, 5858;
- David I.'s feudalising policy, 63-6663-66;
- additional earldoms created by subsequent kings of Feudal Scotland, 6666;
- earldom of Mar, 6868;
- of Garrioch and Lennox, 6969;
- of Ross and Carrick, 7070;
- of Caithness, 7171;
- the seven earls of Alexander II., 7171, 7979;
- and of Alexander III., 80-8380-83.
Ptolemy: his description of North Britain, i. 62-7062-70;
- and of the tribes and their towns, 7070 seq.;
- comparative value of the Greek and Latin versions of his Geography, 6363, 6464.
Pygmies Kirk, Isle of Lewis, iii. 429.
Pytheas, a Massilian, his expedition to Britain, i. 3030.

Quarry, clan, legendary descent of, iii. 488.
- See Guaire.
Qwhewyl, clan, iii. 310, 314.

Raarsa, isle of, iii. 433.
Raasay (Rosis), river (now Blackwater), a Scots colony reaches, i. 183183, 320320.
Raedykes, near Stonehaven, Roman camp at, i. 8787.
Raedykes, on the Ythan, Roman camp at, i. 8787.
Ragnall (Reginald), second son of Somerled, descendants of, iii. 401;
- espouse the cause of Bruce, 401.
Ragnall, son of Eoin, his religious gifts, extent of his territories, and death, iii. 403.
Ragnar Lodbrog and his sons, i. 332332.
Rath (homestead) lands, iii. 243.
Rathelpie (Rathalpin), connected with Alpin, father of Kenneth, i. 307307.
Rathinveramon (near Scone), Donald mac Alpin said to have died at, i. 322322;
- Constantin, son of Cuilean, slain at, 381381.
Rauchlynne, isle of, iii. 439.
Ravenna, the geographer of, on the Saxons in Britain, i. 148148;
- his list of local names, 216216, 217217.
Reginald, son of Somerled, iii. 35, 39, 293, 400.
Reginald, son of Godred Crovan, iii. 35;
- sometimes confounded with Somerled’s son, as both bore the title of King of the Isles, 35, 36.
Regnwald, leader of the last invasion of Alban by the Northmen, i. 347-349347-349, 373373.
Regulus, St., legend of, and the relics of St. Andrew, i. 297-8297-8.
Rerigonium, a town of the Novantæ, on Loch Ryan—its fortified moat, i. 7272, 132132.
Rerigonius Bay (Loch Ryan), i. 6666.
Retaliation and fine, in the tribe, iii. 152, 204, 217.
Restennet (Restinoth), church of, i. 278278; iii. 262.
Reuda, leader of the Scots who came from Ireland, i. 138138, 139139.
Richard of Cirencester, the work attributed to him, De situ Britanniæ, entirely spurious, i. 2222, 7474, 7676, 102102, 103103.
Ricsig, king of Northumbria, i. 332332.
Rigmonath (St. Andrews), i. 183183.
Robertson, E. W., i. 1212;
- his Scotland under her Early Kings, 1919; iii. 62.
Robertson, Dr. Joseph, i. 333333;
- on the Mar letters-patent, iii. 443.
Rognwald, earl of Maeri, i. 335335, 344344.
Roland, lord of Galloway, i. 345345.
Romans in Britain: Julius Cæsar’s invasion, i. 3131;
- formation of a province, called Britannia Romana, in the reign of Claudius, 3333, 3434;
- progress of the Roman arms, 3434;
- extent of the province at the time of Agricola’s arrival, 4141, 4242;
- his campaigns (see Agricola);
- arrival of the Emperor Hadrian, 6060;
- first wall between the Forth and Clyde—the province established, 7676;
- irruptions on the province by the northern tribes in A.D. 162 and 182, 7979;
- the province divided by Severus into two, Upper and Lower Britain, 8181;
- campaign of Severus, 8282 seq.;
- peace made with the barbarian tribes by his son Antoninus, 9090, 9191;
- history silent for seventy years, 9292;
- ten years’ independence under Carausius and Allectus, 92-9592-95;
- war of Constantius Chlorus, 9494, 9595;
- commencement of systematic inroads of the barbarian tribes into the province, 9595;
- rapid development of wealth and civilisation, 9696;
- division into four provinces, 9696, 9797;
- invasion of the province by Picts and Scots, 9797,
  - who were afterwards joined by the Saxons and the Attacotti, 98-10098-100;
- restoration of the province by Theodosius, 100-104100-104;
- usurpation of Maximus, 104104;
- his withdrawal of the Roman troops, and renewed incursions of the Picts and Scots, 105105;
- a legion sent by Stilicho to garrison the northern wall, 105105, 106106;
- the legion withdrawn, and the province again devastated, 106106;
- the invaders again repelled by Stilicho, and the army restored, 107107;
- troubled state of the empire till the abandonment (A.D. 410) of the imperial authority over Britain, 107-112107-112.
Roman remains in Scotland, i. 4444 seq., 4949, 7171 seq., 86-8886-88.
Roman roads in Scotland, i. 86-8986-89.
Roman walls in Britain: that of Hadrian, between the Tyne and the Solway, i. 6060, 6161;
- that of Antoninus, between the Forth and the Clyde, 77-7977-79;
- its reconstruction by Severus, 8181, 8989;
- examination of differing opinions on the walls, 89-9189-91.
Romb, isle of, iii. 434.
Romwrche, Ness of (Point of Ardnamurchan), iii. 428.
Rona, isle of, iii. 431.
Ronan, St., notice of, ii. 282282.
Root-words peculiar to the topography of the Pictish districts, i. 223-4223-4.
- See Topography.
Rosemarkie, a Columban foundation, i. 320320.
Rosnat, monastery of, ii. 4848.
Ross, province of, i. 319319;
- bishopric of, ii. 377377;
- earldom of, iii. 70;
- historic sketch of, 290, 364;
- Mairi, countess of, 408.
Rosses of Balnagown, MS. history of, quoted, iii. 355.
Rosses, clan. See Andres.
Ross-Foichen. See Feochan.
Roth, battle of, i. 247-8247-8.
Roy’s (General) Military Antiquities, i. 2222, 5151.
Run, king of the Strathclyde Britons, a son-in-law of Kenneth mac Alpin, i. 313313, 325325.
Runrig defined, iii. 380.
Rustici, class in the tribe so called, iii. 218, 219, 244.
Rutupiæ (Richborough), i. 100100.
Ryan, loch, i. 7272, 108108, 292292.
Rydderch Hael, king of Strathclyde, ii. 179179.

Sabrina (Severn) river, i. 3535.
Saddle, Cistercian monks established at, ii. 415415;
- Ragnall, son of Somerled, establishes a monastery of grey friars at, iii. 400.
St. Abb’s Head, ii. 201201.
St. Andrews, foundation of, i. 296296;
- legends relating to, 296-298296-298; ii. 261-275261-275;
- church of, becomes the national church of the Picts, i. 299299;
- is the chief seat of the Scottish Church in the time of Constantin, son of Aedh, and its bishops become known as bishops of Alban, 340340; ii. 324324;
- primacy transferred to, 323323;
- rights of the Keledei pass to the bishopric of, 372372.
- See also Andrew, St.
St. Cyrus, i. 334334.
- See Grig, Eglisgirg.
St. Fillans, parish of, ii. 3333.
St. Kilda, native fort in, i. 185185.
St. Michael’s Mount, i. 166166.
St. Monans (Inverry), churches of, founded in honour of St. Moinenn, bishop of Clonfert, ii. 314-16314-16.
Sanctuary, privilege of, claimed by monasteries, ii. 6565.
Saxon Chronicle quoted, iii. 58.
Saxon shore, the, i. 150150, 151151.
Saxonia, name given to the northern part of Northumbria, i. 346346, 369369, 372372, 385385.
Saxons, first appearance of the, i. 9292;
- join with the Picts, Scots, and Attacotts in ravaging the Roman province, 9999;
- in Orkney, 101101;
- their settlement in Britain, as given by Gildas, 144144, 145145,
  - Procopius, 145145,
  - Nennius, 146146,
  - and Bede, 148-150148-150;
- testimony of Prosper Aquitanus, 152152;
- the twelve battles of Arthur, 152-154152-154;
- legends regarding the original home of those who settled in Britain, 189-192189-192, 227227.
Scapa, isle of, iii. 434.
Scarba, isle of, i. 6969; iii. 438.
Scilly Islands. See Cassiterides.
Scolocs, functions of, ii. 446446; iii. 260.
Scone (Caislen or Castellum Credi), establishment of, as the Pictish capital, i. 280280; iii. 132;
- battle at, i. 288288;
- Kenneth Mac Alpin, the first king who gave the kingdom of Scone to the Gaidheal, 313313 seq.;
- priory of, founded, ii. 374;
- thanage of, iii. 275, 276.
Scotch language. See Languages.
Scoti, originally used to designate the inhabitants of Ireland, i. 137137 seq.;
- their first historical appearance in Britain (A.D. 360), 9797; iii. 124-5;
- the districts occupied by them, i. 98-10098-100;
- join with Picts, Saxons, and Attacotti in attacking the Roman province, but are at last driven back, 100-110100-110, 139139; iii. 124-5;
- establish a colony in Argyll (A.D. 498), i. 139-144139-144, 248248; [in iii. 125, l. 20, for sixth read fifth] (see Dalriada, Erc);
- legendary history, 9797 seq.;
- notices of, by Nennius and Bede, i. 138138,
  - and by the Roman writers, 139139;
- their language, 193193;
- notices of the Scots till the reign of Kenneth Mac Alpin, 291-2291-2, 316316;
- they rule as kings of the Picts, 322-334322-334,
  - and eventually became, as kings of Alban and of Scotia, kings of the whole territory of Scotland, 335-433335-433.
- See Miledh, Picts.
Scotia:
- the name not applied to any part of the present Scotland before the tenth century, i. 11, 398398;
- applied first to Ireland (A.D. 580) by Isidore of Seville, 2-42-4, 115115;
- by ‘Scottia’ Bede invariably means Ireland, 259 n.259 n.;
- Scotland then included in the term Britannia or Britain, 11;
- the country north of the Forth and Clyde known to the Romans as Caledonia, called also Alban and Albania, 11, 22;
- as applied to Scotland, Scotia a name superinduced on the older one of Alban, 33, 44;
- boundaries of the district in Scotland to which the name Scotia was applied from the tenth to the twelfth or thirteenth century, 22, 33, 55, 66;
- extension of the application of the term, 22, 33;
- light thrown by the changes in its application on the changes in the race and position of the inhabitants, 5-75-7;
- physical features of the country, 7-97-9;
- mountain chains and rivers, 9-149-14;
- the debateable lands, 14-1614-16;
- five distinct periods in its early history, 1616,
  - during three of which Scotland was purely Celtic, 1717;
- changes during the two last periods, 1717;
- critical examination of authorities on its early history, 18-2218-22;
- questionable or spurious authorities, 22-2622-26;
- plan of the present work, 26-2826-28.
Scotland:
- campaigns of Agricola in, 43-6043-60 (see Agricola);
- the Roman province, 62-11162-111 (see Romans);
- early connection between Ireland and, iii. 125;
- true commencement of Feudal Scotland under David I., i. 459459;
- consolidation of the provinces completed under Alexander III., iii. 1;
- southern frontier of, 3;
- northern boundary of, 7;
- physical aspect of, 9;
- old descriptions of, 11-14;
- population of, at this time, 15, 135 seq.;
- indigenous races of, and their possessions, 16;
- colonising races, 17;
- intruding races, 18;
- influence of foreign races, 18;
- foreign elements introduced, 20;
- spread of Teutonic element and influence, 21-27;
- Religious Houses in (A.D. 1272), ii. 509509;
- communitas, or estates of, in 1283, iii. 39;
- population distinguished as Lowlanders and Highlanders, 40;
- the seven provinces of, in the eighth century, 42;
- in the tenth century, 44;
- districts ruled by kings and afterwards by Mormaers, 49;
- petty kings of Argyll and Galloway, 51;
- sources of information as to the early social state of the population, 136;
- description of the Isles, with their pertinents and pendicles (written 1577-95), 428-40.
Scots and Picts, character of the paganism of the, ii. 108-118108-118;
- no affinity with the Druidism of Gaul, 118118;
- twofold division of the Scots in Ireland, paralleled in the establishment of the Pictish kingdom at Scone, iii. 132.
Scottish Church. See Church.
Scott, Sir Walter, on the Culloden Papers, iii. 327;
- on the Highland Clans, 456.
Scribes, first appearance of, in the monasteries, ii. 423423.
Sealbach, son of Fearchar Fada, i. 272-3272-3;
- slays his brother Ainbhceallach, 284284;
- becomes a cleric, 285285.
Secular clergy, influence of, in the monastic church, ii. 227-33227-33;
- order of secular canons instituted, 241241.
Segine, third abbot of Iona, i. 245245;
- two important events under his presidency, ii. 154154 seq.
Seguise, battle of, between Garnaid and the family of Nechtan, i. 246-7246-7.
Seill, isle of, iii. 438.
Selden, John, antiquary, iii. 441, 442.
Selgovæ (Elgovæ), a Brigantian tribe, i. 4444;
- towns of, 7272.
Senchus Mor, iii. 177 seq.
Sennachies, Irish, iii. 337.
Sept, the, in Wales, iii. 205;
- territorial lords, 205;
- law of succession, 205;
- special parties liable for the crimes of its members, 206;
- fosterage, 207.
Sepulchral remains in Britain: ethnological evidence furnished by, i. 169-70169-70.
Serf, St., or Servanus, notice of, ii. 3131;
- anachronism in connecting him with St. Kentigern, 184184, 255-258255-258;
- he founds an establishment of Keledei, who are hermits, about A.D. 704, 258-9258-9.
Severus, L. Septimus,—circumstances in which he was proclaimed Emperor, i. 7979;
- his campaign in Britain, 8282 seq.;
- wall of, 89-9189-91;
- his death at York, 9090.
Sgathaig (Dunscaich), Skye, site of a military school, iii. 128.
Shetland Islands, colonised by the Norwegians, i. 344344; iii. 8, 29.
Sidlaw hills, i. 266266, 382382.
Sigurd made jarl of Orkney, i. 335335;
- his burial-place, 337337;
- his successors, 344344.
Sigurd ‘the Stout,’ son of Hlodver, Norwegian earl of Orkney, i. 374374;
- his possessions on the mainland, 375375;
- narrative of his war expeditions, 376-9376-9;
- slain at Cluantarbh, in Ireland’s final conflict with the Danes, 386386, 388388;
- his sons, 401401.
Silura, island of,—Cornwall so called by Strabo, i. 167167.
Silures, a British tribe, i. 3535, 167167, 226226.
Simal, son of Drust, i. 285-6285-6.
Simeon of Durham, i. 294294;
- account of the attack of the Northmen on the Northumbrian coast (A.D. 793-94), 303303;
- on the battle in A.D. 1006 between the men of Alban and Saxonia, 385385.
Sitriuc, son of Imhair, leader of a Danish invasion of Alban, i. 338338;
- king of Deira, 351351.
Siward, earl of Northumbria, i. 407407;
- invades Scotland, 408408;
- death of, 410410, 418418.
Skidamyre, in Caithness, battle at, i. 375375.
Skene, Sir John, his De Verborum Significatione, iii. 240 n.;
- on the privilege pertaining to the cross of the clan Macduff, 304.
Skuli, son of Thorfinn, earl of Orkney, i. 374-5374-5.
Skye (Scetis, Scith, Sgithidh), i. 6969, 216216, 259259, 260260, 387387, 390390, 396396;
- sheriffdom of, and boundaries, iii. 88, 432.
Slait, isle of, iii. 432.
Slaughter, fines for, in the tribal system, iii. 151, 204, 217.
Sluaged, or ‘hosting,’ the burden of, iii. 151, 172, 188, 234.
Solway Firth: tribes on its northern shore subjugated by Agricola, i. 4343.
- See Galloway.
Somerled, ‘Regulus’ of Arregaithel, invades Scotland with the sons of Malcolm mac Eth, i. 469469;
- treats with Malcolm IV., 471471;
- drives the Norwegians out of the mainland, and conquers part of the Isles, iii. 33-35;
- again attacks Malcolm, but is defeated, and killed at Renfrew (A.D. 1164), i. 473473; iii. 35;
- his three sons and their possessions, 35, 39, 293, 400.
Sorley, clan, iii. 474.
Spey river, i. 336336, 341-2341-2;
- anciently the boundary between Scotia and Moravia, 1313, 1414;
- battle on, 288288.
Stamford bridge, battle of, i. 413413.
Standard, battle of the, iii. 5.
Stanmore, i. 369369.
Steelbow tenancy, iii. 243, 283, 370.
Stewart, John, of Appin, iii. 436.
Stilicho, a Roman general, repels on different occasions the Picts and Scots, i. 105105 seq.
Stone altars, i. 283283, 370370.
Stone coffins found at the Mire of Dunnichen, i. 266266.
Strabo: notices of the British Isles and their inhabitants in his Geography, i. 31-3331-33, 166-7166-7.
Stræcled Wealas, the Cumbri-Britons of Strathclyde, i. 326326; iii. 197.
- See Alclyde.
Strageath, Roman camp at, i. 5050.
Strath, battle of, iii. 123.
Strathardell, iii. 133-4;
- thanage of, 276.
Strathaven, i. 295295.
Strathcarron, i. 249-50249-50.
Stratherne, district of, i. 211211.
- See Fortrenn, Menteith.
Strenaeshhalc (Whitby), council held at (A.D. 664), i. 259259; ii. 165165.
Struin (Strowan), thanage of, iii. 87, 270.
Stuart, Dr. John, ii. 310310, 317317, 448448; iii. 58.
Stuart’s (R.) Caledonia Romana, i. 2323.
Succession, law of, among the Picts, i. 232-4232-4, 315315, 323323.
Suibhne, fourth abbot of Iona, ii. 163163.
Sudreys, iii. 29.
- See Western Islands.
Suetonius Paulinus, a Roman commander in Britain, i. 3838.
Suevi, the. See Vandals.
Sumarlidi = Summer Wanderers, defeat of their fleet in Buchan, i. 365365.
Sumarlidi, son of Sigurd the Stout, i. 388388, 401401.
Sutherlandshire, with Caithness, overrun by the Northmen, i. 326326, 336336, 345345, 375375; iii. 18.
Swein, king of Denmark, i. 420420.
Sweno’s stone, account of, i. 337-8.

Tacitus as an historian, i. 2727;
- his works referred to, 3939, 43-5843-58.
Taexali, promontory of (Kinnaird’s Head), i. 6767, 7474;
- tribe of the, 7474, 206206.
Taliessin, Book of, quoted, iii. 100.
Talorcan, son of Ainfrit, and nephew of Osuiu of Northumbria, king of the Picts, i. 257257.
Talorcan (Talorg), son of Congus, defeated by Brude, son of Angus, i. 289289;
- drowned, 290290.
Talore. See Garnaid.
Talorgan, son of Drostan, king of Atholl, i. 281281;
- bound by Angus, 290290.
Talorgan, son of Fergus, defeats the Dalriads at Carriber, i. 291291;
- slain at Mugdoch, 295295.
Talorgan, son of Wthoil, joint king of the Picts with Drest, son of Constantin, i. 306306.
Talorgen, son of Angus, king of the Picts, i. 301301.
Tamea, a town of the Vacomagi, i. 7575.
Tamworth taken by storm, i. 361361.
Tanistry, law of, i. 323323.
Tannadyce, thanage of, iii. 262, 264.
Taran, son of Entefidich, king of the Picts, i. 269-70269-70.
Tarbet, in Easter Ross, St. Aidan patron saint of, i. 260260.
Tarvedrum (the Orcas promontory—Dunnet Head), i. 6868.
Tatooing, practice of, among the Caledonians, i. 8383, 106106, 128128.
Tava (Tavaus) estuary (Firth of Tay), i. 6666, 216216.
Tay (Toe) river, a formidable barrier to the Romans and Angles, i. 1414;
- estuary of, reached by Agricola, probably by way of Stirling and Perth, 4545;
- his fleet afterwards in the Firth, 4949.
Taylor, Rev. Isaac, on Words and Places, i. 220220 seq.
Taymouth, Black Book of, iii. 319 seq.
Tees, river, i. 236236, 369369, 420420.
Teith, river, i. 261261.
Tenures of land, old Celtic, gradually give way before feudalfeudal>feudal forms, iii. 236-246.
- See Land-tenure.
Termon lands, ii. 321321; iii. 168-9.
Ternan, St., notice of, 29-32.
Teudubr, son of Bile, king of Alclyde, i. 295295.
Teutones, the, i. 192-194192-194;
- make settlements in Britain, 227227; iii. 21.
Thanage, the, iii. 85-87;
- definition of, 245;
- status of thanes, 239;
- thanages converted into baronies, 246;
- historical sketch of the, 247-277;
- they replace the Tuath, 281;
- general extent, 282-3.
Thanet, isle of, Saxons in, i. 146146, 150150.
Theodosius the elder sent to Britain, his restoration of the province, i. 99-10399-103, 141141.
Theodosius the younger becomes Emperor, i. 104104.
Thorfinn ‘the Skull-cleaver,’ son of Einar, Norwegian earl of Orkney,—his wife Grelauga and their sons, i. 374-5374-5.
Thorfinn, son of Sigurd the Stout, by the daughter of Malcolm II., i. 386386, 389389;
- war between him and his cousin Duncan, king of Scotia, 401401 seq.; iii. 31, 52, 54.
- See Caithness, Ingibiorg.
Thorkell Fostri, leader of the Orkneymen in the war between Thorfinn and Duncan, i. 401-2401-2.
- See Thorfinn, son of Sigurd.
Thorkell, Jarl, i. 420420.
Thorstein the Red (Ostin), attacks the northern provinces of Scotland, i. 326-7326-7, 336336.
Thule, the name, i. 4141;
- Roman fleet in sight of the island, 5757;
- applied by Claudian to Caledonia, 101101, 130130.
Thurnam, Dr., i. 169-70169-70.
Tighernac, i. 2626 et passim.
Tin mines of Britain, i. 2929, 165165 seq.
Tina, river (Eden), i. 6666, 216216.
Tiree (Tierhie), isle of, iii. 345, 437;
- monasteries in, ii. 128-30128-30.
Toe (the Tay), battle on, between the men of Alban, i. 381381.
Topography, evidence furnished by, as to the languages of the tribes, i. 212-225212-225;
- and as to the divisions of land, iii. 225.
Toragh (Tory Island, off coast of Donegal), plundered, i. 289-90289-90.
Torfnes, Norse name of Burghead, i. 336336, 403403.
Toshach or Toisech, a leader in the ancient Celtic Tuath, iii. 156 seq.;
- the Toschachdor and Toschachdera, officers at a later period in the Highlands and Islands, 278-281;
- description of their offices, which were called Toschachdoracht and Toschachderacht, 279, 300-302.
Toshiagh Jioarey (Manx), definition, iii. 279, 280.
Tostig, son of Earl Godwine, appointed earl of Northumbria by king Edward, i. 410410, 418418;
- his earldom ravaged by Malcolm Ceannmor, 413-4413-4.
Townships in the Highlands and Islands subsequent to the sixteenth century, described, iii. 369;
- mode of occupation, 370;
- in the central Highlands, 370;
- in the Islands, 371;
- enlargement of, 373;
- in Inner Hebrides, 347;
- in Outer Hebrides, 378;
- townlands, 379;
- mode of division, 380.
- See Long Island.
Train, Joseph, iii. 279-80.
Transmarine Scotland, application of the term, iii. 42, 104.
Tribe, the, in Scotland, iii. 209;
- early notices of, in Greek and Roman writers, 209-10;
- the tribe among the Picts, 210;
- in Dalriada, 212;
- in Galloway, 214;
- modified by external influences, 214;
- transition of the mortuath into the earldom, and the tribe into the thanage, 215;
- distinction of the people into free and servile classes, 216;
- fines exigible from freeman class, 217;
- different ranks of bondmen, 220-3;
- land measures, variously denominated, 223;
- burdens on land, 228-234;
- gradual assimilation to feudal forms, 236;
- Crown lands held in feu-farm, 237;
- ranks of society on crown-lands, 238.
- See Cain, Feacht, Sluaged, Waytinga.
- Tribe, the, in Wales, iii. 197;
- division of land, 198, 200;
- indications of an earlier tribal system, 198;
- land measurement, 200;
- the Alltudion analogous to the Irish Fuidhir, 200;
- rights of the free members, 203;
- burdens on land and its possessors, 203;
- fines for slaughter or injuries, 204.
- See Sept.
Tribruit, river, i. 153153.
Trimontium, a town of the Selgovæ, i. 7272.
Trouternes, isle of, iii. 432.
Trumuin, bishop of the Picts who were subject to the Angles, i. 262262;
- his flight from Abercorn, 133133, 268268; ii. 214214.
Trusty’s Hill, in Galloway, remains of a vitrified wall on, i. 136.
Tuath or Tribe in Ireland, iii. 135;
- definition of the term, 136;
- influences affecting the tribe, 137;
- effect of Christianity upon, 138;
- land originally held in common, 139;
- distinction of ranks, 139;
- the Ri or king, his authority and privileges, 140-2;
- distinctions arising from possession of cattle, 142-44;
- origin and growth of private property, and creation of territorial chiefs, 144-5;
- the ceile or tenants of a chief, 145-7;
- condition of the territory, 147;
- the dun or fort, 148;
- the mortuath or great tribe, 149;
- the cuicidh or province, 149;
- law of tanistry, 150;
- tie between superior and dependants, 150;
- fines for injuries, 151;
- honor price or fixed value, 152;
- land measures, 153-157;
- later state of the tribes, 157-70;
- process of internal change, 300.
- See also Finé in Ireland.
Tuatha de Danaan, the, i. 173173 seq., 226226; iii. 105, 131.
Tuathal mac Artguso, abbot of Dunkeld and first bishop of Fortrenn, head of the Columban Church, ii. 308308.
Tuessis, river (Spey), i. 6767;
- a town of the Vacomagi, 7474.
Tuirrin palace, Rescobie, iii. 123.
Tula Aman, burnt by Ecgfrid, i. 266266.
Tunberct, bishop of the church of Hagustald, i. 262262.
Turner’s Anglo-Saxons, i. 151151.
Tuthald, bishop of Alban, ii. 344344.
Tweed, river, i. 241241.
Tyne, river, i. 332332.
Tynemoor, in East Lothian, battle with the Danes at, 347-8347-8.
Tyninghame, monastery of, founded, ii. 223223.
Tytler, Patrick Fraser, his History of Scotland, i. 1919.

Uchtred, son of Waltheof, earl of Northumbria in 1006, inflicts a disastrous defeat on the Scots under Malcolm, i. 385385;
- slain in 1016 by Cnut, 392392;
- his daughter Aldgetha and her son Earl Gospatrick, 394394, 419419.
Uisneach, sons of, extent of their possessions, iii. 129.
Uist, island, iii. 387, 393, 430;
- bestowed on the church (A.D. 1440), 408.
Ulloway, isle of, iii. 436.
Ulster (Uladh), a district in the north of Ireland inhabited by a Pictish people, i. 131131, 140140.
Ulster, Annals of, i. 2626 et passim.
Umphraville, Gilbert de, iii. 80.
Ungus, son of Uirguist. See Angus, son of Fergus.
Urien (Urbgen = Cityborn), kingdom of (? Dumbarton), i. 153153, 156156, 159159.
Urr, moat of, Roman remains on, i. 7272.
Uven, son of Unuist. See Eoganan, son of Angus.
Uxellum, a town of the Selgovæ, i. 7272.

Vacomagi, a tribe whose territory lay along the Highland Line, i. 7474, 7575, 127127, 206206.
Valentia, a British province, i. 100100;
- different opinions as to its position, 102102;
- author’s opinion that Wales is meant, 103103.
Vandals, the, with the Alani and Suevi, make irruptions into the Roman empire, i, 107107, 108108.
Vandogara (Vanduara), a town of the Damnonii, i. 7373.
Varar estuary (Firth of Beauly), i. 6767, 7575.
Vecturiones, a division of the Picts, i. 9999, 129129.
Vedra, river (the Wear), i. 6464.
Venusio, town of the Brigantes, i. 3737.
Venusius, a British leader, i. 3737, 7171.
Veranius, a Roman commander in Britain, i. 3838.
Vernicomes, tribe of the, and its territory, i. 7474, 206206.
Veruvium (Noss Head), i. 6767.
Vervedrum (Duncansbay Head), i. 6767.
Vettius Bolanus, a Roman governor in Britain, i. 38-4038-40.
Victoria, a town in Fothreve, i. 7474;
- inhabitants of, enrolled by Severus among the Roman auxiliaries, 8989.
- See Fothreve.
Villages, fishing, established in the Highlands and Islands, in 1788, iii. 376.
Vindogara (Ayr) Bay, i. 6666, 7373.
Virides, a term applied by Cæsar to the Britons, i. 3232.
Visibsolian, battle at, i. 338338.
Volsas Bay (Loch Broom), i. 6969.
Vuirich, clan, iii. 364.

Wales, descent of the Scots (from Ireland) on (A.D. 360), i. 9797 seq.
- See Tribe in Wales.
Wallingford, John, his narrative of the cession of Lothian to Kenneth, spurious, i. 371-2371-2.
Walls, Roman, in Britain. See Roman walls.
Wallsend, i. 61.
Waltheof, a Northumbrian earl, i. 385385, 425425.
Wardlaw hill, Roman remains on, i. 7272.
Wardykes, Roman camp at, i. 8787.
Waterford, the Danes in, i. 347347.
Watling Street, a Roman road, i. 8686.
Waytinga, a yearly tax, paid by thanes, iii. 232.
Wearmouth, i. 421421.
Welsh Historical Triads, undoubtedly spurious, i. 2323, 2424, 172172, 197197;
- codes of laws, iii. 197.
Wendune. See Brunanburg.
Werid, British name of the Forth, iii. 45.
Wessex, kings of, their increasing power in the ninth century, i. 349349.
Western Isles (Sudreys) ravaged by Northmen, i. 304-5304-5, 311-12311-12;
- colonised by the Norwegians, 345345, 376376;
- attacked and for a time occupied by the Danes, 378-9378-9;
- war between the kings of Norway and Scotland for the possession of them (A.D. 1263), 492492;
- early churches founded in the, ii. 7676;
- the islands finally ceded to the Scottish kings, i. 495495; iii. 9;
- Norwegian kingdom of the, 28;
- dynasty of Godred Crovan, 31;
- Somerled drives the Norwegians from the mainland, and conquers part of the Isles, 31-35;
- summary of their history, 36-3936-39.
Whitby, church council at (A.D. 664), i. 259259; ii. 165165.
Whithorn (Whithern, Candida Casa), Roman remains at, i. 7272;
- church at, dedicated to St. Martin of Tours, built by St. Ninian, 130130, 132132;
- principal seat of the Picts of Galloway, 271271;
- Pecthelm, first bishop in, 275275; ii. 222222;
- bishopric of, founded, 224224;
- comes to a close, 225225.
Wid (Uid, Foith), i. 242242.
Wight, Isle of, i. 166166.
Wilfrid, St., bishop of York (A.D. 669-678), i. 258-260258-260, 275275; ii. 210210;
- dissension with Ecgfrid, i. 262262;
- founds the church of Hexham, in honour of St. Andrew, ii. 210210;
- temporarily bishop of Lindisfarne, 220220;
- expelled from his see of York, 220220;
- favoured by the Pope, 220220;
- illness in Gaul, 220220;
- returns to Britain, 221221;
- founds the churches of St. Mary and St. Michael, 221221;
- his death, 221221.
William the Conqueror, his conquest of England, i. 417-23417-23;
- penetrates into Scotland, and receives homage from Malcolm III. for land held in England, 424424, 429429;
- his son Robert sent by him to Scotland, but forced to retreat, 427427;
- William’s death, 428428.
William Fitz Duncan, i. 438438.
William the Lion, crowned at Scone, A.D. 1165, reigns forty-eight years, i. 474474;
- taken prisoner by the English, 474474;
- is liberated, 475475;
- arrests an insurrection in Galloway, 475475;
- subdues the district of Ross, 475475;
- defeats an insurrection headed by Donald Ban Mac William, 476-79476-79;
- subdues Caithness, 479-482479-482;
- suppresses an insurrection in Rossshire, 482482;
- his death, 483483;
- grants by, ii. 393393 seq.;
- text of the alleged letters-patent granted by him to the Earl of Mar, iii. 446.
Winuaed, river (probably the Avon), where Penda was slain, i. 254-6254-6.
Wist (Uist), isle of, iii. 430.
Wrad, son of Bargoit, king of the Picts, i. 309309.
Wrath, Cape, headland of, not mentioned by Ptolemy, i. 7070.
Writing, art of, introduced, ii. 448448.
Wyntoun, prior of Lochleven, quoted, ii. 312312, 314314, 316316; iii. 66, 78, 304, 308, et al.

Yarrock, Port (Beruvick), i. 390 n.390 n..
York, the capital of Deira, i. 237237;
- taken possession of by the Danes, 332332.
Yvelchild. See Eadulf.

About This Book

INDEX.