The Project Gutenberg eBook of Ireland under the Stuarts and During the Interregnum, Vol. 2 (of 3), 1642-1660
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Title: Ireland under the Stuarts and During the Interregnum, Vol. 2 (of 3), 1642-1660
Author: Richard Bagwell
Release date: January 7, 2017 [eBook #53916]
Most recently updated: October 23, 2024
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRELAND UNDER THE STUARTS AND DURING THE INTERREGNUM, VOL. 2 (OF 3), 1642-1660 ***
The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.
IRELAND UNDER THE STUARTS
Vol. II.
By the same Author
IRELAND UNDER THE TUDORS
Vols. I. and II.—From the First Invasion of the
Northmen to the year 1578.
8vo. 32s.
Vol. III.—1578-1603. 8vo. 18s.
LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.
London, New York, Bombay, and Calcutta
IRELAND
UNDER THE STUARTS
AND
DURING THE INTERREGNUM
BY
RICHARD BAGWELL, M.A.
AUTHOR OF ‘IRELAND UNDER THE TUDORS’
Vol. II. 1642-1660
WITH MAP
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON
NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA
1909
All rights reserved
CONTENTS
OF
THE SECOND VOLUME
| CHAPTER XXI | |
| MUNSTER AND CONNAUGHT, 1641-1642 | |
| PAGE | |
| The rebellion spreads to Munster | 1 |
| The King’s proclamation | 3 |
| St. Leger, Cork, and Inchiquin | 3 |
| State of Connaught | 5 |
| Massacre at Shrule | 6 |
| Clanricarde at Galway | 7 |
| Weakness of the English party | 8 |
| State of Clare—Ballyallia | 10 |
| Cork and St. Leger | 12 |
| CHAPTER XXII | |
| THE WAR TO THE BATTLE OF ROSS, 1642-1643 | |
| Scots army in Ulster—Monro | 14 |
| Strongholds preserved in Ulster | 16 |
| Ormonde in the Pale | 17 |
| Battle of Kilrush | 18 |
| The Catholic Confederation | 19 |
| Owen Roe O’Neill | 20 |
| Thomas Preston | 21 |
| Loss of Limerick, St. Leger dies | 22 |
| Battle of Liscarrol | 23 |
| Fighting in Ulster | 23 |
| General Assembly at Kilkenny | 25 |
| The Supreme Council—foreign support | 27 |
| Fighting in Leinster—Timahoe | 29 |
| Parliamentary agents in Dublin | 29 |
| Siege of New Ross | 31 |
| Battle of Ross | 32 |
| A papal nuncio talked of | 34 |
| CHAPTER XXIII | |
| THE WAR TO THE FIRST CESSATION, 1642-1643 | |
| The Adventurers for land—Lord Forbes | 36 |
| Forbes at Galway and elsewhere | 38 |
| A pragmatic chaplain, Hugh Peters | 40 |
| Forbes repulsed from Galway | 41 |
| A useless expedition | 42 |
| Siege and capture of Galway fort | 43 |
| O’Neill, Leven, and Monro | 44 |
| The King will negotiate | 46 |
| Dismissal of Parsons | 47 |
| Vavasour and Castlehaven | 48 |
| The King presses for a truce | 48 |
| Scarampi and Bellings | 49 |
| A cessation of arms, but no peace | 50 |
| Ormonde made Lord Lieutenant | 51 |
| CHAPTER XXIV | |
| AFTER THE CESSATION, 1643-1644 | |
| The cessation condemned by Parliament | 53 |
| The rout at Nantwich | 54 |
| Monck advises the King | 55 |
| The Solemn League and Covenant | 55 |
| The Covenant taken in Ulster | 57 |
| Monro seizes Belfast | 59 |
| Dissensions between Leinster and Ulster | 60 |
| Failure of Castlehaven’s expedition | 60 |
| Antrim and Montrose | 61 |
| The Irish under Montrose—Alaster MacDonnell | 62 |
| Rival diplomatists at Oxford | 64 |
| Violence of both parties | 66 |
| Failure of the Oxford negotiations | 68 |
| Inchiquin supports the Parliament | 69 |
| CHAPTER XXV | |
| INCHIQUIN, ORMONDE, AND GLAMORGAN, 1644-1645 | |
| The no quarter ordinance | 72 |
| Roman Catholics expelled from Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale | 73 |
| The Covenant in Munster | 74 |
| Negotiations for peace | 75 |
| Bellings at Paris and Rome | 76 |
| Recruits for France and Spain | 77 |
| Irish appeals for foreign help | 78 |
| Siege of Duncannon Fort | 80 |
| Mission of Glamorgan with extraordinary powers | 84 |
| Glamorgan in Ireland | 87 |
| The Glamorgan treaty | 88 |
| CHAPTER XXVI | |
| FIGHTING NORTH AND SOUTH—RINUCCINI, 1645 | |
| Castlehaven in Munster | 90 |
| Fall of Lismore, Youghal besieged | 93 |
| Relief of Youghal | 94 |
| Coote in Connaught | 95 |
| Rinuccini appointed nuncio | 96 |
| Scope of his mission | 97 |
| King and Queen distrusted at Rome | 98 |
| Rinuccini at Paris | 99 |
| His voyage to Ireland | 100 |
| Arrival in Kerry and welcome at Kilkenny | 102 |
| CHAPTER XXVII | |
| THE ORMONDE PEACE, 1646 | |
| Glamorgan and Rinuccini | 103 |
| Arrest of Glamorgan | 104 |
| Charles repudiates him | 106 |
| Mission of Sir Kenelm Digby | 107 |
| Ireland must be sacrificed | 108 |
| Sir Kenelm Digby’s treaty | 109 |
| Glamorgan swears fealty to the nuncio | 111 |
| Ormonde’s peace with the Confederacy | 112 |
| Lord Digby’s adventures | 114 |
| The peace proclaimed at Dublin | 115 |
| Siege of Bunratty | 115 |
| Battle of Benburb | 117 |
| Scots power in Ulster broken | 120 |
| Rejoicings in Ireland and at Rome | 121 |
| Rinuccini opposes the peace | 122 |
| Which the clergy reject | 123 |
| Riot at Limerick | 125 |
| Ormonde at Kilkenny | 126 |
| Triumph of Rinuccini | 129 |
| Quarrels of O’Neill and Preston | 130 |
| Lord Digby’s intrigues | 134 |
| Rinuccini loses his popularity | 136 |
| Discords among the Confederates | 137 |
| CHAPTER XXVIII | |
| SURRENDER OF DUBLIN AND AFTER, 1647 | |
| Dublin between two fires | 140 |
| Mission of George Leyburn | 141 |
| Ormonde’s reasons for surrendering to Parliament | 143 |
| Digby’s last plots in Ireland | 144 |
| Glamorgan as general | 145 |
| His army adheres to Muskerry | 146 |
| Preston routed at Dungan Hill | 148 |
| Parliamentary neglect | 149 |
| Victories of Inchiquin | 150 |
| Lord Lisle’s abortive viceroyalty | 151 |
| Sack of Cashel | 153 |
| Mahony’s Disputatio Apologetica | 154 |
| Rinuccini and O’Neill | 155 |
| Battle of Knocknanuss | 157 |
| Declining fortunes of the Confederacy | 158 |
| Fresh appeals for foreign aid | 159 |
| Inchiquin distrusted by Parliament | 161 |
| Ormonde goes to England and France | 162 |
| CHAPTER XXIX | |
| INCHIQUIN, RINUCCINI, AND ORMONDE, 1648 | |
| Inchiquin deserts the Parliament | 164 |
| His truce with the Confederacy | 165 |
| Rinuccini dependent on O’Neill | 166 |
| Who threatens Kilkenny | 168 |
| O’Neill, Inchiquin, and Michael Jones | 170 |
| O’Neill proclaimed traitor at Kilkenny | 170 |
| Ormonde returns to Ireland | 171 |
| His reception at Kilkenny | 172 |
| Monck master in Ulster | 173 |
| The Prince of Wales expected | 174 |
| The Confederacy dissolved | 175 |
| Rinuccini driven from Ireland | 176 |
| CHAPTER XXX | |
| RINUCCINI TO CROMWELL, 1649 | |
| Ormonde’s commanding position | 179 |
| Charles II. proclaimed | 180 |
| Milton and the Ulster Presbyterians | 180 |
| Monck, O’Neill, and Coote in Ulster | 182 |
| Inchiquin takes Drogheda | 183 |
| Ormonde defeated by Jones at Rathmines | 184 |
| Charles II. has thoughts of Ireland | 186 |
| Prince Rupert at Kinsale | 187 |
| Broghill consents to serve Parliament | 189 |
| Cromwell leaves London | 189 |
| CHAPTER XXXI | |
| CROMWELL IN IRELAND, 1649 | |
| Cromwell restores discipline in Dublin | 191 |
| Storm of Drogheda | 193 |
| Ormonde’s treaty with O’Neill | 196 |
| Death and character of Owen Roe O’Neill | 197 |
| Cromwell at Wexford | 198 |
| Storm of Wexford | 200 |
| Cromwell takes New Ross | 201 |
| Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal join Cromwell | 203 |
| Operations after New Ross | 204 |
| Siege of Waterford | 205 |
| Siege raised | 206 |
| Death of Michael Jones | 206 |
| Cromwell winters at Youghal | 208 |
| Broghill’s campaign | 208 |
| Carrickfergus taken | 209 |
| The Clonmacnoise decrees | 210 |
| CHAPTER XXXII | |
| CROMWELL IN IRELAND, 1650 | |
| Cromwell’s declaration | 212 |
| A lady’s experience at Cork | 213 |
| Cromwell’s southern campaign | 214 |
| Operations in Leinster—Castlehaven | 216 |
| Cromwell takes Kilkenny | 218 |
| Siege of Clonmel, assault repulsed | 220 |
| The town capitulates | 222 |
| Battle of Macroom, Cromwell leaves Ireland | 223 |
| Submission of Protestant Royalists | 225 |
| CHAPTER XXXIII | |
| ORMONDE’S LAST STRUGGLES, 1650 | |
| Dissensions among Irish Royalists | 226 |
| O’Neill succeeded by Bishop Macmahon | 227 |
| Englishmen turned out of the army | 228 |
| Battle of Scariffhollis | 230 |
| Assembly summoned to meet at Loughrea | 232 |
| Ormonde excluded from Limerick | 232 |
| Clanricarde excluded from Galway | 233 |
| Surrender of Tecroghan and Carlow | 234 |
| Waterford capitulates | 235 |
| Charlemont taken | 236 |
| Meeting of bishops at Jamestown | 237 |
| Ormonde’s adherents excommunicated | 238 |
| Charles II. repudiates the Irish | 239 |
| A conference at Galway | 241 |
| The excommunication maintained—no Protestant governor | 242 |
| The Loughrea assembly can do little | 243 |
| Ormonde leaves Ireland, Clanricarde Deputy | 243 |
| CHAPTER XXXIV | |
| CLANRICARDE AND IRETON, 1651 | |
| Plague and famine | 245 |
| A regicide government | 246 |
| Hugh O’Neill at Limerick | 247 |
| Charles IV., Duke of Lorraine | 249 |
| Taaffe’s mission to Charles II. | 251 |
| A Lorraine envoy in Ireland | 253 |
| Extent of Lorraine succours | 254 |
| Terms of agreement with the Duke | 256 |
| Condemned by Ormonde and Clanricarde | 257 |
| No help after Worcester | 258 |
| Ireton passes the Shannon | 261 |
| Coote and Reynolds elude Clanricarde | 262 |
| Desperate defence of Gort—Ludlow | 263 |
| Siege of Limerick | 263 |
| Ludlow in Clare | 266 |
| Broghill’s victory at Knockbrack | 268 |
| Capitulation of Limerick | 271 |
| Treatment of the besieged | 273 |
| Death and character of Ireton | 277 |
| CHAPTER XXXV | |
| LAST PHASE OF THE WAR, 1652 | |
| Galway holds out | 278 |
| The Irish in Scilly | 279 |
| Meeting of officers at Kilkenny | 280 |
| Horrors of guerrilla warfare | 280 |
| Capitulation of Galway | 283 |
| “Tame Tories” | 284 |
| Clanricarde’s last struggle | 285 |
| Castlehaven leaves Ireland—his memoirs | 286 |
| Clanricarde goes to England—his character | 287 |
| Submission of Irish leaders | 289 |
| Siege of Ross Castle | 290 |
| The Parliament an avenger of blood | 292 |
| The Leinster articles | 293 |
| Richard Grace | 294 |
| Ludlow’s last service in the field | 295 |
| Arrival of Fleetwood | 298 |
| CHAPTER XXXVI | |
| END OF THE WAR, AND ITS PRICE | |
| Last stand at Innisbofin | 298 |
| Last stand in Ulster | 299 |
| Exhaustion of the country | 300 |
| Treatment of priests | 301 |
| Swordsmen sent abroad | 303 |
| Fleetwood commander-in-chief | 304 |
| Sir Phelim O’Neill tried and executed | 305 |
| Alleged commission from Charles I. | 307 |
| Lord Muskerry acquitted | 308 |
| Primate O’Reilly pardoned | 310 |
| Lord Mayo tried and shot | 311 |
| The Crown bound by the Adventurers’ Act | 312 |
| CHAPTER XXXVII | |
| PEACE, SETTLEMENT, AND TRANSPLANTATION, 1652-1654 | |
| Magnitude of the problem | 315 |
| Effect of the 1641 evidence | 317 |
| The Act of Settlement | 317 |
| Lambert’s abortive appointment as Deputy | 319 |
| Expulsion of the Long Parliament | 320 |
| Barebone’s Parliament—Irish members | 321 |
| Casting lots for Ireland | 322 |
| Claims of the army | 322 |
| The Act of Satisfaction | 324 |
| Transplantation proceeds slowly | 325 |
| The Protectorate established | 326 |
| Fleetwood Deputy | 327 |
| Cromwell’s first Parliament—Irish members | 328 |
| Transplantation—Gookin and Lawrence | 329 |
| Tories, name and thing | 330 |
| The Waldensian massacre | 332 |
| Difficulties of transplantation, Loughrea and Athlone | 333 |
| Worsley and Petty—the Down survey | 334 |
| Clarendon on the settlement | 338 |
| Desolation of the towns | 339 |
| Proposed transplantation of Presbyterians | 341 |
| CHAPTER XXXVIII | |
| HENRY CROMWELL, 1655-1659 | |
| Henry Cromwell supersedes Fleetwood | 343 |
| Deportation to the West Indies | 344 |
| Henry and the sectaries | 346 |
| Reduction of the army | 347 |
| Oliver and his son | 348 |
| Cromwell’s second Parliament—Irish members | 349 |
| The oath of abjuration | 350 |
| Henry Lord Deputy | 352 |
| Henry made Lord Lieutenant by his brother | 354 |
| Ireland in the Parliament of 1659 | 355 |
| Petty and his detractors | 356 |
| Henry recalled by the restored Rump | 359 |
| Attempted estimate of Henry Cromwell | 360 |
| CHAPTER XXXIX | |
| THE RESTORATION | |
| Provisional government, John Jones and Ludlow | 362 |
| Monck interferes | 363 |
| End of the revolutionary government | 364 |
| The Irish army proves Royalist | 365 |
| Monck gains Coote and Broghill | 366 |
| Ludlow’s last efforts | 366 |
| Impeachment of Ludlow and others | 368 |
| New commissioners of Government appointed | 369 |
| General convention and declarations of officers | 370 |
| Charles II. proclaimed in Dublin | 371 |
MAP
| Ireland, to illustrate the Cromwellian settlement | to face p. 1 |