INDEX.
- ABOU-ZEYD, his account of fish on dry land, 350 n.
- Abyssinia, fishes of, 352.
- Acalephæ, 398. See Radiata.
- Acanthopterygii, 360.
- Accipitres, 245.
- Acherontia Sathanas, 427
- Adam's Peak, elephants on the summit, 109.
- Ælian's account of the mermaid, 69.
- his statement as to the export of elephants from Ceylon, 77 n., 209n.
- error as to the shedding of the elephant's tusks, 79 n.
- describes elephants killing criminals with their knees.87 n.
- error as to elephants' joints, 102.
- his account of Ceylon tortoises, 293.
- his account of the superiority of the elephants of Ceylon, 209 n.
- his description of the performances of the trained elephants at Rome, 237.
- his account of the sword-fish, 328.
- describes a Cheironectes, 331.
- African elephant, its peculiarities, 65.
- not inferior to the Indian in tractability, 208.
- Albino buffalo, 57.
- deer, 59.
- Albyrouni, on the pearl oyster, 375.
- Alce, described by Pliny and Cæsar, 101 n.
- Alexandria, story of the dogs at, 34.
- Alligator, 283. See Crocodile.
- Almeida, Manoel de, on burying fishes, 353 n.
- Amboina, mermaids at, 70.
- Ampullaria, its faculty of burying itself, 355.
- Anabas, 354.
- Angling bad in Ceylon, 335 n., 341.
- Annelidæ, leeches, 479.
- Anseres, 260.
- Ansted, Prof., on the geology of Ceylon, 61.
- his statement as to the height of Indian elephants, 100 n.
- Antiochus, elephants used by, 208.
- Antipater, the first to bring the Indian elephant to Europe, 207.
- Ant-lion, 411. See Insects.
- Ants, 420 See Insects.
- Armandi's work on the use of elephants in war, 208 n.
- Aphaniptera, 433.
- Arachnidæ, spiders, 464.
- Argus cowrie, 369.
- Aripo, the sea-shore, 373.
- Aristotle, account of fishes migrating overland, 344.
- Armitage, Mr., story of an elephant on his estate, 139.
- Articulata, list of, 485.
- Athenæus, anecdotes of fishes on dry land, 346.
- Avicula, 373. See Pearl Fishery.
- Avitchia, story of, 244. See Jackdaw.
- Ayeen Akbery, elephant stomach described in, 128.
- Baker, Mr., his theory of the passion for sporting, 142 n.
- its accuracy questionable, 142 n.
- Badger, the Ceylon, 38. See Mongoos.
- Bandicoot rat, 44.
- Barbezieux, on the elephant, 104.
- Batocera rubus, 406.
- Batrachia, 318.
- Bats, 13 See Mammalia and Cheiroptera.
- Batticaloa, musical fish, 380.
- Bears, 22. See Mammalia.
- Beaters for elephants, 150.
- Beaver, on African elephant, 234.
- Beckman's account of fishes on dry land, 346.
- Bees, 419. See Insects.
- Beetles, 405. See Insects.
- Bell, Sir Charles, on the elephant's shoulder, 108.
- Benary, his derivation of the word elephant, 76 n.
- Bengal mode of taking elephants, 164.
- Bennett's account of Ceylon, Introd.
- work on its Ichthyology, 323.
- Bernier, on the Ceylon elephant, 209.
- Bertolacci, on form of chank shell, 372.
- Bestiaries, 104.
- Bicho de Mar. See Holothuria.
- Birds of Ceylon, 241.
- their number and character, ib.
- few songsters, 242.
- pea-fowl, 244.
- eagles and hawks, 245.
- owls, devil bird, 246. 247.
- swallows, 248.
- edible bird' nests, 248.
- kingfisher, sun birds, 249.
- bulbul, tailor bird, weaver bird, 251.
- crows, anecdotes of, 253.
- paroquets, 256.
- pigeons, 257.
- jungle-fowl, 259.
- grallæ, flamingoes, 260.
- list of Ceylon birds, 265.
- Bird-eating spiders, 469.
- Birds' nests, edible, 248.
- Blainville, De, on the age of the elephant, 232.
- Blair, on the anatomy of the elephant, 123 n.
- Bles, Marcellus, on the elephants of Ceylon, 113 n., 215 n.
- Blood-suckers, 275.
- Blyth, Mr., of Calcutta, his cultivation of zoology, 4.
- his revision of this work, Introd.
- Boa, 303. See Python.
- Boar, wild, 59.
- Bochart, 68.
- his derivation of the word "elephant," 76 n.
- Bora-chung, a curious fish, 367.
- Bosquez, Demas, account of a mermaid, 70.
- Bowring, Sir John, on the fishes of Siam, 348.
- Broderip, on the elephant, 122.
- Browne, Sir Thomas, vulgar errors, 100. 105.
- error as to elephants' joints, 102.
- Brun, Le, account of the elephants at Colombo, 77 n.
- Bruno or Braun, his account of the Guinea worm, 397.
- Buchanan, story of buffalo "rogues," 115 n.
- Buffalo, 54. See Mammalia.
- Buffon, on the elephant, 113 n., 215.
- Bugs, 433. See Insects and Coffee-bug.
- Buist, Dr., account of fish fallen from clouds, 362.
- Bulbul, 251. See Birds.
- Bulimi, their vitality, 357.
- Bullia, curious property of, 370.
- Bullocks for draught, 50.
- Burying fishes, 351.
- Butterflies, 403. 425. See Insects.
- Cæcilia, 317. See Reptiles.
- Cæsar's description of the "alce," 100 n.
- Cajan, 373 n.
- Caldera, in Chili, musical sounds under water, 383.
- Calotes, the green, 276.
- Camel, attempt to domesticate in Ceylon, 53 n.
- Camper, on the anatomy of the elephant's stomach, 125.
- Carawala, 296. See Reptiles.
- Carnivora, 74.
- Carpenter bee, 418. See Insects.
- Caterpillars, stings of, 429.
- Cats attracted by the Cuppa-may-niya, 33.
- Centipede, 474. See Myriapoda and Scolopendræ.
- Ceratophora, 279.
- Cerithia, 381.
- probably musical, 381 n.
- Cermatia, 473. See Myriapoda.
- Cetacea, 68. 74.
- described by Megasthenes and Ælian, 69.
- Chameleon, 278. See Reptiles.
- Chank shell, Turbinella rapa, 371. See [Greek: Kochlious] and Schenek.
- Cheetah, 26. See Leopard.
- Cheironectes, described by Ælian, 331.
- Cheiroptera, 13. 74.
- Chelifer, 475.
- Chelonia, 322.
- Chena cultivation, 130.
- Cicada, 432. See Insects.
- Cirrhipeda, 486.
- Cissa, 252.
- Civet, 32. See Genette.
- Climbing fish (Anabas scandens), 349.
- Cluverius, 68.
- Cobra de Capello, anecdotes of, 297.
- Cobra-tel, poison, 272. See Kabara-tel.
- Coecilia glutinosa, 317.
- attacked and killed by ants, 422.
- Coco-nut beetle, 407.
- Coffee-bug, Lecanium Caffeæ, 436.
- Coffee rat, 43.
- Coleoptera, 405.
- Columbidæ, 257.
- Conchology. See Shells.
- Cooroowe, elephant catchers, 181.
- Corral for taking elephants, 156. 164. See Elephant.
- Corse, Mr., account of elephants, 114.
- Cosmas Indico pleustes, his reference to chanks at Marallo, 371.
- Cotton-thief, 250. See Tchitrea.
- Crabs, 477. See Crustacea.
- Cripps, Mr., on sounds produced by elephants, 98.
- Crocodile, 282. See Reptiles.
- Crows, 233. See Birds.
- Cruelty to turtle, &c., 291.
- Crustacea, calling crabs, 477.
- Ctesias' error as to the elephant's knee, 101.
- Cumming, Mr. Gordon, on the power of the elephant in overturning trees, 218 n.
- Cuppa-moy niya plant, its attraction for cats, 33 n.
- Cuvier, on the elephant, 133.
- Daldorf's account of climbing fish, 350.
- his story doubted, 350.
- Darwin, burying-place of llamas and goats, 236 n.
- on the coleoptera of Brazil, 405.
- Davy, Dr. John, describes the reptiles of
- Dawson, Captain, story of an elephant, 107.
- Deafness frequent in elephants, 98.
- Death's-head moth, 427.
- Decoy elephants, 157.
- Decapoda brachyura, 486.
- Deer, 57.
- Demon-worship, anecdote of, 408.
- Denham, error as to height of elephants, 99.
- Devil-bird, 246. See Owls.
- Mr. Mitford's account of, 247 n.
- Diard, M., sends home an elephant for dissection, 123 n.
- Dicuil on the elephant, 103.
- Diptera, 434.
- Dogs, 33.
- Donne, on the elephant, 105.
- Doras, fish of Guiana, 347.
- Dragon-flies, 411. See Insects.
- Dugong, 68. 69.
- Dutch belief in the mermaid, 70.
- Eagles, 245. See Birds.
- Edentata, 46. 74.
- Edrisi, the Arabian geographer, his account of musk, 32 n.
- Eels, 337. 347 n.
- Eginhard, life of Charlemagne, 103.
- Elephant, 64. 75.
- Sumatran species, 64.
- points of distinction, 65.
- those of Ceylon extolled, 209.
- elephants on Adam's Peak, 109.
- numbers in Ceylon, 76.
- [Greek: Elephas], derivation of the word, 76 n.
- antiquity of the trade in, 77.
- numbers diminishing, 77.
- mode of poisoning, 77 n.
- tusks and their uses, 78.
- disposition gentle, 81.
- accidents from, 81.
- antipathy to other animals, 82; to the horse, 83.
- jealousy of each other, 86.
- mode of attacking man, 87.
- anecdote of a tame elephant, 89.
- African elephant differs from that of Ceylon, 64.
- skin, 91.
- white elephant, 92.
- love of shade, 94.
- water, not heat, essential to them, 94.
- sight limited—smell acute, 95.
- anatomy of the brain, 95.
- power of smell, 96.
- sounds uttered by, 96.
- subject to deafness, 98.
- exaggeration as to size, 98.
- source of this mistake, 98 n.
- stealthy motions, 100.
- error as to the elephant's want of joints, 100.
- probable origin of this mistake, 106.
- mode of lying down, 107.
- ability to climb acclivities, 108.
- mode of descending a mountain, 110.
- a herd is a family, 111.
- attachment to young, 112.
- young suckled by all the females in a herd, 113.
- theory of this, according to White, 113 n.
- a rogue, what, 114.
- savage attacks of rogues, 116.
- character of the rogues, 116. 147.
- habits of the herd, 117.
- anecdote of, 118.
- elephant's mode of drinking, 120.
- their method of swimming, 121.
- wells sunk by, 122.
- receptacle in the stomach, 122.
- stomach, anatomy of, 124.
- food of the elephant, 129.
- instinct in search of food, 130.
- dread of fences, 131.
- their caution exaggerated, 132.
- spirit of curiosity in elephants, 132.
- anecdote of Col. Hardy, 132. 133.
- sagacity in freedom over-estimated, 134.
- leave the forests during thunder, 134.
- cunning, feign death, 135.
- stories of encounters with wild elephants, 136.
- sporting, numbers shot, 142.
- butchery by expert shots, 142 n.
- fatal spots in the head, 144. 145.
- peculiar actions of elephants, 148.
- love of retirement, 149.
- elephant-trackers, 150.
- herd charging, 151.
- carcase useless, 153.
- remarkable recovery from a wound, 154. See Lieut. Fretz.
- mode of taking in India, 157-162.
- height measured by the circumference of the foot, 159.
- mode of shipping elephants at Manaar, 162.
- mode of shipping elephants at Galle, in 1701, 163 n.
- keddah for taking elephants in Bengal, 164.
- a corral (kraal) described, 165. 166.
- derivation of the word corral, 165 n.
- corral, its construction, 167. 172.
- corral, driving in the elephants, 173.
- the capture, 177.
- mode of securing, 181.
- the "cooroowe," or noosers, 181.
- tame elephants, their conduct, 182. 191.
- captives, their resistance and demeanour, 184.
- dread of white rods, 186.
- their contortions, 190.
- a young one, 206.
- conduct in captivity, 207.
- mode of training, 211.
- their employment in ancient warfare, 207.
- superiority of Ceylon, a fallacy, 209.
- elephant driver's crook (hendoo), 212.
- hairy elephants in Ceylon, 215 n.
- Elephants, capricious disposition of, 215.
- first labour intrusted to them, 217.
- his comprehension of his duties, 218.
- exaggeration of his strength in uprooting trees, 218 n.
- Mahouts and their duties, 221.
- Their cry of urre!, 222 n.
- elephant's sense of musical notes, 223.
- its endurance of pain, 224.
- diseases in captivity, 225.
- subject to tooth-ache, 227.
- questionable economy of keeping trained elephants for labour, 229.
- their cost, 230.
- their food, 230 n.
- fallacy of their alleged reluctance to breed in captivity, 231.
- duration of life in the elephant, 232.
- theory of M. Fleurens, 232.
- instances of very old elephants in Ceylon, 233.
- dead elephant never found, 234.
- Sinbad's story, 236.
- passage from Ælian regarding the, 237.
- Elk, 59. See Deer; Mammalia.
- Emydosauri, 321.
- Emys trijuga, 290.
- Englishman, anonymous, his story of a fight between elephants and horses, 84.
- Falconer, Dr., height of Indian elephant, 99 n.
- Falkland Islands, peculiarity in the cattle there, 372 n.
- Fauna of Ceylon, not common to India, Introd., 62.
- Fishes of Ceylon, little known, 323.
- seir fish, and others for table, 324.
- abundance of perch, soles, and sardines, 324.
- explanation of Odoric's statement, 324 n.
- sardines, said to be poisonous, 324.
- shark, and sawfish, 325.
- sawfish, 325.
- ray, 326.
- swordfish, 328.
- cheironectes of Ælian, 331.
- fishes of rare forms, and of beautiful colours, 332.
- fresh-water fishes, their peculiarities, 335.
- fresh-water, little known, ib.; reason, 335 n.
- eels, 337.
- reappearance of fishes after the dry season, 340.
- Fishes, similar mysterious re-appearances elsewhere, 342 n.
- method of taking them by hand, 340.
- a fish decoy, 342.
- fish filling from clouds, 342 n., 362.
- buried alive in mud, 347.
- Mr. Yarrell's theory controverted, 344.
- travelling overland, 345.
- the fact was known to the Greeks and Romans, 345.
- instances in Guiana and Siam, 347.
- faculty of all migratory fish for discovering water, 347 n.
- on dry land in Ceylon, 348.
- fish ascending trees, 349.
- excerpt from letter by Mr. Morris, 348 n.
- Anabas scandens, 349. 350.
- Daldorf's statement, anticipated by Abou-zeyd, 350 n.
- accidents when fishing, 351 n.
- burying fishes and travelling fish, 351.
- occurrence of similar fish in Abyssinia and elsewhere, 352.
- statement of the patriarch Mendes, 353 n.
- knowledge of habits of Melania employed judicially by E.L. Layard, 355n.
- illustrations of æstivating fish and animals, 356.
- æstivating shell-fish and water-beetlea, 351.
- fish in hot water, 358.
- list of Ceylon fishes, 359.
- Professor Huxley's memorandum on the fishes of Ceylon, 364.
- Dr. Gray's memorandum, 366.
- Note on the Bora-chung, 367.
- Fishing, native mode of, 340.
- Fish insect, 475.
- Flamingoes, 261. See Birds.
- Fleas, 433. See Insects.
- Fleurens, on the duration of life in the elephant, 232.
- Flies, their instinct in discovering carrion, 196 n.
- mosquitoes, the plague of, 434.
- Flowers, fondness of monkeys for, 7.
- Flying Fox. Pteropus Edwardsii, 14. See Mammalia.
- Flying squirrels, 41.
- Fresh-water fishes, 335.
- Fretz, Lieut., his singular wound, 154.
- Frogs, 318.
- Galle, elephants shipped in 1701, 163 n.
- Gallinæ, 259.
- Galloperdix bicalcaratus, 259.
- Gallwey, Capt. P.P., great number of elephants shot by him, 142.
- Game birds, 265.
- Gardner, Dr., his account of the coffee bug, 436-441.
- Gaur, 49 See Mammalia.
- Knox's account of the gaur, 49.
- Geckoes, 281.
- Gemma Frisius, 68.
- Genette, 32.
- Geology of Ceylon, errors as to, 60.
- "Golden Meadows," 211 n. See Massoude.
- Golunda rat, 43.
- Goondah, 114. See Rogue.
- Gooneratne, Mr., Introd.
- his story of the jackal, 35.
- Gordon Cumming, his butchery of elephants in Africa, 146 n.
- Gowra-ellia, 49.
- Grallæ, 260.
- Gray, Dr. J.E., Brit. Mus., Introd.
- notice of Ceylon fishes, 366.
- Great fire-fish, 332.
- Guinea worm, 397.
- Günther, Dr. A., on Ceylon reptiles, 275 n., 304.
- Gwillim's Heraldry, error as to elephants, 105 n.
- Hambangtotte, elephants of, 99.
- Hardy, Col, anecdote of, when chased by an elephant, 133.
- Hardy, Rev. Spence, describes a white monkey, 8.
- Haroun Alraschid, sends an elephant to Charlemagne, 103.
- Harrison, Dr., 95.
- Hastisilpe, a work on elephants, 87 n., 91.
- Hawking, 246.
- Hawks. See Birds, 246.
- Hedge-hog, 46.
- Helix hæmastoma, its colouring, 372.
- Hemiptera, 433. 462.
- Hendoo, crook for driving elephants, 212.
- Herd, a, of elephants, is a family, 111.
- its mode of electing a leader, 117.
- Herodotus, on mosquitoes, 435.
- antipathy of the elephant to the camel, 83 n.
- Herpestes, 38.
- Herport, Albrecht, his work on India, 71 n.
- Hesperidæ, 426.
- Hill, Sir John, error as to elephants, 98.
- Hippopotamus rogues, 115 n.
- Histiophorus, 330. See Sword-fish.
- Holland, Dr., his theory as to the formation of tusks, 89 n.
- Holothurin, sea-slug and Trepang, 396.
- Home, Sir Everard, on the elephant's stomach, 124.
- error as to the elephant's ear, 223.
- Home, Randal, error as to elephant, 105 n.
- Homoptera, 462. 463.
- Honey-comb, great size of, 418.
- Hooker, Dr. J.D., on the elephants of the Himalaya, 110 n.
- Hora, 115. See Rogue.
- Horace, alludes to a white elephant, 92 n.
- Hornbill, Buceros, 242. 243.
- Horse, alleged antipathy to the elephant, 83.
- Hotambeya, 40. See Mongoos.
- Hot-water fishes, 358.
- Hunt, mode of conducting an elephant-hunt, 157.
- Hunter, Dr. John, his theory of æstivation, 356.
- Hurra! 223 n.
- Huxley, Prof., Introd.
- his memorandum on the fishes of Ceylon, 364.
- Hydrophobia in jackals, 36.
- Hymenoptera, 416.
- Ianthina, 370.
- Ichneumon, 39. See Mongoos.
- Iguana, 271. See Reptiles.
- Infusoria, Red, in the Ceylon seas, 400.
- Insects of Ceylon, 403.
- their profusion and beauty, 403.
- hitherto imperfectly described, 404.
- coleoptera, 405.
- Beetles, scavengers, 405.
- coco-nut beetle, tortoise beetle, 407.
- tortoise beetle, 408.
- Orthoptera, 408.
- the soothsayer, leaf-insect, 410.
- Neuroptera, 411.
- dragon-flies, 411.
- ant-lion, 411.
- white ant, termites, 411.
- Insects, Hymenoptera, mason-wasp, 416.
- wasps, bees, wasps' nest, 418.
- carpenter bee, 418.
- ants, 420.
- value of scavenger ants to conchologists, 421.
- dimiya or red ant, 422.
- introduced to destroy coffee-bug, 423.
- Lepidoptera, butterflies, 424.
- lycænidæ, hesperidæ, 426.
- acherontia sathanas, 427.
- moths, silk-worm, 427.
- stinging caterpillars, 429.
- oiketicus, 430.
- Homoptera, cicada, the "knife-grinder," 432.
- Flata, 433.
- Aphaniptera—fleas, 433.
- Diptera—mosquitoes, 434.
- Coffee bug, 436-441.
- Mr. Walker's memorandum on Ceylon insects, 442.
- list, 447.
- Ivory, annual consumption, 78 n.
- superiority of Chinese, ib.
- Jackal, 35.
- Jackdaw, fable of, 244. See Avitchia.
- Jardine, Sir W., error as to elephants shedding their tusks, 79 n.
- Jay, the mountain, 252. See Cissa.
- Joinville, on the parasite of the bat, 20.
- Julus, 477.
- Jungle fowl, 259. See Birds.
- Juvenal's allusion to fishes on land, 346.
- Kabragoya, 272. 273. See Iguana.
- Keddah, for taking elephants, 164.
- Kelaart, Dr., work on the Zoology of Ceylon, 4.
- Kingfisher, 249. See Birds.
- Kinnis, Dr., cultivates zoology, 4.
- Kite, on Egyptian sculpture, 246 n.
- Knife-grinder, 432. See Cicada.
- Knox, R., account of Ceylon fauna, Introd.
- Knox, his description of natives fishing, 340.
- [Greek: Kochlious], 371.
- Kombook tree, its bark, 170.
- Korahl, 165. See Kraal
and Corral.
- derivation of the word, 165 n.
- Kornegalle, beauty of the place, 167.
- Kottiar, immense oysters, 371 n. See Cottiar.
- Kraal, 165. See Corral and Korahl.
- Krank-bezoeker, 71 n.
- Layard, E.A., his knowledge of Ceylon zoology, 4.
- Leaf insect. 408-410. See Insects.
- Leaping fish, 332. See Salarias alticus.
- Lecanium Caffeæ, 436.
- Leeches, 479. See Annelidæ.
- Leopard, 25.
- Lepidoptera, 424.
- Lepisma, the fish insect, 474.
- Lima, General de, his account of the weight of elephants' tusks
at
- Mozambique, 79 n.
- Livingstone's account of the "rogue" hippopotamus, 115 n.
- Llama of the Andes, its stomach, 128 n.
- Livy, account of fishes on dry land, 346.
- Lizards, 271. See Reptiles.
- Lophobranchi, 362.
- Loris, 12. See Mammalia.
- Lucan, description of the ichneumon, 39.
- Lycænidæ, 426.
- Lyre-headed lizard, 277.
- Macabbees iii. Book, allusion to elephants, 87 n., 211 n.
- Macacus monkey, 5.
- Machlis described by Cæsar, 101.
- Macready, Major, account of a noise made by elephants, 97.
- his opinion as to the vulnerable point in the elephant's head. 145 n.
- Mahawanso, mentions a white elephant, 93.
- Mahout, an elephant driver, 181. See Ponnekella.
- Mahout, alleged short life, 222.
- Malacopterygii abdominales, 362.
- Mammalia, 3.
- Monkeys, 5.
- Rilawa, 5.
- Wanderoo, 6.
- error as to the Ceylon Wanderoo, 6 n.
- Wanderoo, mode of flight among trees, 9.
- monkeys never found dead, 11.
- Loris, 12.
- tortures inflicted on it, 13.
- Bat, flying fox, 14.
- skeleton of, 14.
- attracted by toddy to the coco-nut palms, 18.
- horse-shoe bat, 18.
- parasite of the bat, Nycteribia, 20. 21.
- bears, 22.
- bears dreaded in Ceylon, 24.
- leopards, 25.
- attracted by the odour of small pox, 28.
- anecdote of a leopard, 29.
- lesser felines, 32.
- dogs, Pariah, 34.
- jackal, 34.
- the jackal's horn, 36.
- Mongoos, 37.
- assaults of Mongoos on the serpent, 38.
- squirrels, 41.
- the flying squirrel, 41.
- rats, the rat snake, 42.
- coffee rat, 43. 44.
- bandicoot, 44. 45.
- porcupine, 45.
- pengolin, 46-48.
- the gaur, 49.
- the ox, 50.
- anecdote of, 51.
- draft oxen, 51-53.
- the buffalo, 54.
- sporting buffaloes, 55.
- peculiarity of the buffalo's foot, 56.
- deer, 57.
- meminna, 57. 58.
- Ceylon elk, 59.
- wild boar, 59.
- elephant, 69. 75.
- whale and dugong, 68. 69.
- peculiarities of Ceylon mammalia, 73.
- list of, 73.
- Manaar, mermaid taken at, 69.
- Manis. See Pengolin, 46.
- Mantis, 410.
- Massoudi, on the use of elephants in war, 211 n.
- his account of pearl-diving, 377 n.
- Mastacembelus, 338. See Eels.
- Megasthenes' account of the mermaid, 69.
- Mehemet Ali, story of, 34.
- Melania Paludina, its habit of burying itself, 355.
- its hybernation, 355.
- Melania, story of a law suit decided by, 355 n.
- Meleagrina, 373 n. See Pearl fishery.
- Meminna deer, 58.
- Mercator, 68.
- Mercer, Mr., his story of an elephant fight, 86.
- Mermaid, 68. See Dugong.
- Mermaids, at Manaar, 69.
- Millipeds, Julus, 477.
- Mites, 472.
- Mollusca. See Shells.
- Molyneux, on the anatomy of the elephant, 122 n.
- Mongoos, 38. See Ichneumon.
- Monkeys, 5.
- Moors of Galle, make ornaments of the elephant's teeth, 153.
- Moors, as caravan drivers, 53.
- Moose deer, 58. See Meminna.
- Morris, Mr., account of fishes on land, 348.
- Mosquitoes, their cunning, 434.
- Moths, 427. See Insects.
- Munster, Sebastian, 68.
- Musical fishes, 380.
- Musk, 32.
- Mygale, spider, 465.
- Myriapods, 472.
- Narric-comboo, 37. See Jackal's Horn.
- Natural history neglected in Ceylon, 3.
- Neela-cobeya, pigeon, 258.
- Neuroptera, 411.
- Nietner, on Ceylon insects, Introd.
- Nycteribia, parasite of the bat, 20. 21.
- its extraordinary structure, 22.
- Odoric of Portenau, his cure for leech bites, 481.
- Oiketicus, 430.
- Oil-bird, 269.
- Ophidia, 321.
- Ortelius, 68.
- Orthoptera, 408.
- Ouanderoo. See Wanderoo.
- Owen, Professor, on the structure of the elephant's tusk,
228.
- on the Protopterus of the Gambia, 352.
- Owls. See Birds.
- Oxen, their uses and diseases, 50.
- Oysters at Bentotte, 371.
- immense, at Kottiar, 371 n.
- Pachydermata, 59. 74.
- Padivil, the great tank, 262.
- Pallegoix, on the elephants of Siam, 98
n.
- on the fishes of Siam, 347.
- Palm-cat, 32.
- Panickeas, elephant catchers, 150.
158.
- their skill, 159.
- Pariah dogs, 33.
- Paris, Matthew, on the elephant, 103.
- Paroquets, their habits; anecdote of, 256.
- Passeres, 248.
- Patterson, R., Esq., Introd.
- Pea-fowl, 244. See Birds.
- fable of the jackdaw, 244.
- Pearl fishery of Ceylon, its antiquity, 373.
- Pelicans, 262.
- strange scene at their breeding place, 263.
- Pengolin, 46.
- Phile, his account of the elephant, 103.
- Phillipe, on the elephant of Ceylon, 209.
- Phyllium, 410. See Leaf Insect.
- Physalus urticulus, 400. See Portuguese Man-of-war.
- Pictet, Mon., his derivation of the word "elephant," 76 n.
- Pigeons, 257. See Birds.
- Pigeons, Lady Torrington's pigeon, 258.
- Placuna placenta, pearls of, 380.
- Planaria, 398. See Radiata.
- Pliny's nereids, 72 n.
- Polybius' account of fishes on dry land, 346.
- Pomponius, Mela, account of fishes on land, 346.
- Porcupine, 45.
- Portuguese belief in the mermaid, 69.
- Man-of-war, 400.
- Pott, his derivation of the word elephant, 76 n.
- Presbytes cephalopterus, 7.
- Protopterus of the Gambia, 352.
- Pseudophidia, 322.
- Pterois volitans, 333.
- Pterophorus, 430. See Insects.
- Pteropus, 14. See Flying Fox.
- Pyrard de Laval, on the Ceylon elephant, 209.
- Python, its great size, 303.
- Radiata, star-fish, 395.
- Raja-kariya, forced labour, in elephant hunts, 170.
- Raja-welle estate, story of an elephant at, 133 n.
- Ramayana, Ceylon elephants mentioned in, 210.
- Rats, 42.
- Rat snake, anecdote of, 43.
- Rat-snake, domesticated, 299 n.
- Ray, 326. 327.
- Reinaud, on the ancient use of the elephant in Indian wars, 205 n.
- Reptiles of Ceylon described by Dr. Davy, Introd.
- lizards, iguana, 271.
- kabara-tel, poison, 272.
- blood-suckers, 275.
- calotes, the green, 276.
- lyre-headed lizard, 277.
- chameleon, 278.
- ceratophora, 279.
- gecko, anecdotes of, 281. 282.
- crocodile, anecdotes of, 282. 283.
- crocodile and alligator, skulls of, 283.
- tortoises, 289.
- parasites of the tortoise, 289.
- Terrapins, 290.
- cruel mode of cutting up turtle, 291.
- turtle, said to be poisonous, 292.
- hawk's-bill turtle, 293.
- cruel mode of taking tortoise-shell, 293.
- snakes, few poisonous, 294.
- tic-polonga, 296.
- cobra de capello, 297.
- legends of the cobra, 297-298 n.
- uropeltis, 301.
- the python, 303.
- haplocercus, 304.
- tree-snakes, 305.
- water snakes, 308.
- sea snakes, 308.
- the snake-stone and its composition, 312-317.
- cæcilia, 317.
- frogs, 318.
- tree frogs, 319.
- list of Ceylon reptiles, 321.
- snakes peculiar to Ceylon, 322.
- Rhinolophus, 19. See Horse-shoe Bat.
- Ribeyro's account of pearl-diving, 378.
- Rilawa monkey, 5.
- Rodentia, 41. 74.
- Rogers, Major, story of his horse, 84.
- "A Rogue" elephant. See Elephant, 114.
- derivation of the term "Rogue," 114.
- Ronkedor, 114. See "Rogue."
- Ronquedue, 114. See
"Rogue."
- dangerous encounters with, 136.
- Rotifera, marvellous faculty in, 486.
- Rousette. See Flying-fox and Pteropus, 14.
- Ruminantia, 49. 74.
- Salarias Alticus, 332.
- almasius, 68.
- Sardines, said to be poisonous, 324.
- Saw fish, 325. See Fishes.
- Scaliger, Julius, 68.
- Scansores, 256.
- Scarus harid, 335.
- Schenck, 371. See Chank.
- Schlegel's essay on the elephant, 208 n.
- Schlegel, Prof., of Leyden, his account of the Sumatran elephant, 66.
- Schmarda, Prof., 5.
- Schomburgk, Sir R., on the fishes of Guiana, 347.
- Sciurus Tennentii, 41 n.
- Scolopiendræ, centipede, 474.
- Scorpions, 474.
- Sea slugs, holothuria, 397.
- Sea snakes, 308.
- Seir-fish, 324.
- Seneca, account of fishes on dry land, 346.
- Septuagint, allusion to elephants in, 87. 210 n.
- Serpents, 294. See Reptiles.
- Shakspeare, on the elephant, 105.
- describes its capture in pit-falls, 157 n.
- Sharks, 325.
- Shark charmer, 378.
- Shaw, error as to elephants shedding their tusks, 79 n.
- Shells of Ceylon, 369.
- Siam, fishes on dry land, 347.
- Silk, cultivated by the Dutch, 429.
- Silkworm. See Insects.
- Sindbad's story of the elephants burying-place, 236.
- Skinner, Major, knowledge of Ceylon. Introd. n.
- Small-pox attracts the leopard, 28.
- native superstition, 29.
- Snakes, 294. See Reptiles.
- Snakes, tamed snakes, 299 n.
- snakes crossing the sea, 300.
- curious tradition of the cobra-de-capello, 300.
- uropeltis, and explanation of the popular belief, 302.
- reluctance of Buddhists to kill snakes, 303.
- python or "boa," 303.
- tree snakes, 305.
- the Passerita fusca, 306.
- water snakes, 308.
- sea snakes, 308.
- their geographical distribution, 309.
- their habits, 310.
- cæcilia, 317.
- Snake-stone, its alleged virtue, 312.
- Sofala, pearls at, 375 n.
- Solinus, on the elephant, 103.
- Soothsayer insect, 410.
- Spectre butterfly, 426.
- Spiders. See Arachnida, 464.
- Squirrel, 41.
- the flying squirrel, 44.
- Star-fish, 396. See Radiata.
- Stick insect, 410. See Insects.
- Stinging caterpillars, 429.
- Strabo, his account of fishes on dry land, 346.
- Strachan, Mr., account of the elephants shipped at Ceylon, 163 n, 210 n.
- Stuckley, on the anatomy of the elephant, 123 n.
- Sumatra confounded with Ceylon, 67.
- Sun bird, 249. See Birds.
- Superstitions:—Singhalese folk-lore regarding bears, 24 n.
- Suriya trees, caterpillars on, 429.
- Syrnum Indranee, 246. See Devil-bird.
- Swallows, 248. See Birds.
- Sword-fish, 328.
- Tailor-bird, 251. See Birds;
- Tamblegam, lake of, 380.
- pearls, 380.
- Tarentula, Mygale fasciata, 465.
- Tavalam, a caravan of bullocks, 53.
- Tavernier, error as to Ceylon elephants, 203. 214.
- Taylor, the translator of Aristotle, his error as to elephants'
joints,
- 102.
- Tchitrea paradisi, 250.
- Temminck, his discovery of the Sumatran elephant, 64.
- his account of it, 65.
- Templeton, Dr. R.A., his knowledge of Ceylon, Introd.
- Termites, white ants, their ravages, 412.
- whence comes their moisture, 412 n.
- Terrapins, 290.
- Terrier, attacks an elephant, 85.
- Testudinata, 289.
- Thaun, Philip de, on the elephant, 104.
- Theobaldus' Physiologus, 104.
- Theophrastus' account of fishes on dry land, 344. 345.
- Thevenot, on the Ceylon elephant, 203.
- Thomson's "Seasons," error as to the elephant, 106.
- Thunberg, account of the snake-stone, 317.
- Thysdnura, 464.
- Ticks, 475.
- Tic-polonga, 296. See Reptiles.
- Tiger at Trincomalie, 25 n.
- Toad, 319.
- Torrington, Viscount, his tax on dogs, 33.
- Tortoises, 289. 291. See Turtle.
- Tortoise-shell, cruel mode of taking, 293.
- Tree frogs, 320.
- Tree snakes, 304.
- Trepang, 396. See Sea-slug.
- Tritonia arborescens, 385.
See Musical Fish.
- letter on, 401.
- Trombidium tinctorum. See Mites.
- Trumpeting of elephants, 97. 201.
- Trunk, elephant's, origin of the name, 97 n.
- Tsetse fly of Africa, 40.
- Turbinella rapa, 371. See Chank.
- Turtle, 291. See Reptiles.
- barbarous treatment of, 291.
- Tushes, 79.
- Tusks, 79. See Elephant; Ivory.
- Tusks, Dr. Holland's theory of their formation, 88 n.
- Tytler, Mr., story of an elephant, 133 n.
- Valentyn's account of the mermaid, 70.
- Dutch mode of taking elephants, 164.
- Venloos Bay, its profusion of shells, 369.
- Vossius, Isaac, 68.
- Waloora. See Wild-boar, 59.
- dreaded by the Singhalese, 59.
- Wanderoo monkey, 5.
- Wasps, wasps' nest, 418.
- mason-wasp, 416.
- Water-fowl, 260. 262.
- Water snakes, 308.
- Weaver-bird, 251.
- Whales, 68. See Cetacea.
- White, Adam, Esq., Brit Mus., Introd.
- White, of Selbourne, his theory of animals suckled by strange mothers, 113 n.
- White ants, 411. See Termites.
- Whiting, Mr., account of buried fishes, 342 n., 354.
- Wild-boar, 59.
- Wolf, Jo. Christian, travels in Ceylon, 99 n., 115 n.
- Wood-carrying moth, 430. See Insects.
- Worms, parasite, 396. See Radiata.
- Wound when elephant shooting, 154.
- Wright, Thomas, Esq., F.S.A., 104.