Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3 / I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races

[1] Revised and enlarged from the ‘Essay on the place of Homer in Classical education and in Historical inquiry,’ which was contained in the ‘Oxford Essays’ for 1857, published by Mr. J. W. Parker.

[2] Shelley’s Adonais.

[3] While speaking of this eminent labourer in the field of Homeric inquiry, I must not pass by the sympathising spirit and imagination of Mr. H. Nelson Coleridge, the admirably turned Homeric tone of the ballads of Dr. Maginn, or the valuable analysis contained in the uncompleted ‘Homerus’ of Archdeacon Williams. But of all the criticisms on Homer which I have ever had the good fortune to read, in our own or any language, the most vivid and entirely genial are those found in the ‘Essays Critical and Imaginative’ of the late Professor Wilson. In that most useful, and I presume I may add standard, work, Smith’s ‘Dictionary of Classical Biography and Mythology,’ I am sorry to find that the important article Homerus, by Dr. Ihne, though it has the merit of presenting the question in a clear light, yet is neither uniformly accurate in its references to the text of Homer, nor at all in conformity with the prevailing state at least of English opinion upon the controversy.

[4] Mure’s History of Grecian Literature, vol. i. p. 10.

[5] 4to ed. p. 622, n.

[6] Warton’s Pope, vol. iv. p. 371, n.

[7] The remark is, I think, Mr. Hallam’s.

[8] This is the σφοδρότης, which Longinus (c. ix.) commends in the Iliad, but which was perhaps excelled in the Divina Commedia.

[9] Used by Longinus xv. Polyb. vi. 56, 8.

[10] Steph. Lex. iii., 1353.

[11] Aristot. Poet. c. 15.

[12] Historical Antiquities of the Greeks, vol i. Appendix C.

[13] Od. i. 326, viii. 72-82, 266-366, 499-520.

[14] Il. xx. 213-41.

[15] Il. xx. 179-83.

[16] Il. xix. 148-50.

[17] Hor. A.P. v. 359.

[18] Od. iii. 266.

[19] Il. xxiii. 826.

[20] Ibid. 326-33.

[21] Il. v. 801.

[22] Il. xxiii. 409.

[23] Od. iv. 797.

[24] Nägelsbach, Homerische Theologie, Einleitung, pp. 1-3.

[25] Scott has paid, however, a tribute to Shakespeare on this ground in ‘The Fortunes of Nigel.’ Novels and Romances, vol. iii. p. 68, 8vo. edition.

[26] Il. iv. 438.

[27] Strabo i. 2, p. 16.

[28] Strabo i. 2, p. 20.

[29] Il. ii. 486.

[30] Il. xx. 308.

[31] Hist. i. 5.

[32] Il. v. 304; xii. 383, 449; xx. 287.

[33] Exc. iii. ad Il. xxiv., vol. viii. p. 828.

[34] Il. i. 262-272.

[35] Hist. Greece, chap. iii. App.; vol. i. 169-74, 4to.

[36] Heyne, Exc. iii. ad Il. xxiv.; vol. viii. p. 226.

[37] Granville Penn on the Primary Arguments of the Iliad, p. 314.

[38] Il. ii. 740.

[39] Il. iv. 51.

[40] Il. ii. 660.

[41] Il. ix. 593.

[42] Il. vi. 445-64; xii. 10-33; xv. 384.

[43] Heyne, Exc. ii. ad Il. Ω. sect. ii., vol. viii. p. 789; Lord Aberdeen’s Inquiry, p. 65.

[44] In the Berlin Philosophical Transactions, 1839, and Fernere Betrachtungen, 1843.

[45] Pindar.

[46] Exc. ii. ad Il. Ω, sect. ii. vol. viii. pp. 790, 1.

[47] Exc. ii. ad Il. Ω, sect. ii. vol. viii. pp. 790, 1.

[48] Pind. Nem. ii. 1.

[49] Joseph. contr. Ap. i. 2.

[50] Var. Hist. xiii. 14.

[51] Plut. Lyc. p. 41.

[52] Plat. Rep. x. p. 600, B.

[53] Strabo xiv. p. 946.

[54] viii. 2.

[55] Herod. v. 67.

[56] Hist. Greece, ii. 174 n.

[57] Il. v. 412-15.

[58] Il. ii. 572.

[59] Heyne, Hom. viii., seq.

[60] I. 57.

[61] In Leocritum, 104-8.

[62] Smith’s Dict. ‘Tyrtæus.’

[63] See the Homerus of Archdeacon Williams, pp. 9-11.

[64] Cic. de Or. iii. 34.

[65] Paus. vii. 26. p. 594. add Suidas in voc. Ὅμηρος. Eustath. Il. i. 1.

[66] Contra Ap. i. 2.

[67] Smith’s Dict., Art. ‘Homerus:’ and elsewhere.

[68] Ibid. from Ritschl.

[69] Hipparchus, § 4. (ii. 228.)

[70] Herod. ii. 117. iv. 32.

[71] Il. ii. 594-600.

[72] Fragm. xxxiv.

[73] Op. ii. 268-75.

[74] Hymn. Apoll. 166-73; 146-50.

[75] Schol. Pyth. vi. 4; Nem. ii. 1.

[76] Il. Α. p. 6.

[77] Heyne, viii. p. 811.

[78] Sup.

[79] Pind. Nem. ii. 1, and Strabo, xiv. i. p. 645.

[80] Plat. Phædrus, iii. 252, and Republ. B. 1.; ii. 599.

[81] Athen. iv. p. 174.

[82] Heyne, viii. 814.

[83] Plut. Apoph., p. 186 D.

[84] Xenoph. Sympos. iii. 5.

[85] Athen. xiv. p. 620.

[86] Il. ix. 458-61.

[87] Lucian, Ver. Hist. ii. 117.

[88] Villoison, Proleg. p. xxvii.

[89] Od. xiv. 280.

[90] Od. xiv. 204, and Buttmann in loc.

[91] xvi. 195, and Buttmann in loc.

[92] Achilleis, i. 456.

[93] Mure, ii. 282.

[94] Mure, ii. 286.

[95] Od. viii. 499.

[96] Exc. i. ad Æn. ii.

[97] Hist. of Greece, chap. i. sect. iv. p. 62. 4to.

[98] Ibid. sect. iii. p. 47.

[99] History of Greece, vol. i. p. 146; chap. vi. Introd.

[100] Minos, 12, in Plato’s Works.

[101] Preface, p. xi.

[102] Ibid. p. xii.

[103] Vol. i. p. 2.

[104] An accomplished critic in the Quarterly Review July, (1856) treats this renunciation as one of Mr. Grote’s main titles to praise.

[105] Grote’s Hist., vol. i. pp. 58, 9, 72.

[106] I. vii. 2 and 3.

[107] Hes. Fragm. xxviii. from Tzetzes ad Lyc. 284.

[108] Hermann, Griech. Staats-Altherthum, Sect. 8.

[109] See the list in Clinton, F. H. Vol. I., p. 46, note.

[110] See inf. II. Sect. 2.

[111] Mure, Lit. Greece, vol. i., p. 39, n.

[112] Hes. Op. 157.

[113] Od. iv. 561-9.

[114] Bp. Thirlwall’s Hist. of Greece, chap. v.

[115] Herod, ix. 73.

[116] Encom. Hel. 21 et seq.

[117] Il. iii. 144.

[118] Il. i. 262.

[119] See Od. iv. 12.

[120] Lord Aberdeen’s Inquiry, p. 62. (1822.)

[121] Inferno, I. 32.

[122] Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. 4.

[123] Grote’s Hist. vol. ii. pp. 349-51, part ii. ch. 2.

[124] Preface p. ix.

[125] Preface p. xvii.

[126] Il. ii. 681-5.

[127] Hermann Gr. Staats-alt. sect. 12.

[128] Il. ii. 841.

[129] Inf. sect. viii.

[130] Il. xiii. 686, et seqq.

[131] So Strabo, p. 221.

[132] The discussion is reviewed in Cramer’s Greece, vol. i. 115.

[133] Il. ii. 750.

[134] Od. xiv. 327; xix. 296.

[135] Cramer’s Ancient Greece, i. 353.

[136] Cramer’s Greece, i. 370.

[137] Hesiod ap. Strab. vii. 327.

[138] Schol. ad Trach. v. 1169.

[139] Vid. inf. sect. iii.

[140] Od. xix. 175.

[141] This question is discussed, inf. sect. ix.

[142] See inf. sect. ix.

[143] Il. ii. 735.

[144] Od. iv. 83. xiv. 199, 245. xvii. 448.

[145] Strabo viii. 6. p. 370.

[146] Cramer’s Greece, iii. 244.

[147] Inf. sect. viii.

[148] Il. xx. 215 and seqq.

[149] Thuc. i. cap. 2.

[150] Od. xii. 260-5.

[151] This state of ideas and habits is well illustrated by Odyss. xiv. 222-6: and see inf. sect. 7.

[152] Strabo viii. p. 383.

[153] Xenoph. Hell. vii. 1, 23, and Cramer iii. 299.

[154] Il. ii. 610.

[155] Il. ii. 609.

[156] 630-5.

[157] See inf. sect. vii.

[158] Xenoph. Hell. vii. 1. 23.

[159] Thuc. i. 2.

[160] Xenoph. Hellen. vii. 1. 23.

[161] Thucyd. vii. 57.

[162] B. i. 2.

[163] See also Müller, Orchomenus p. 77, and his references.

[164] Il. ii. 498.

[165] Strabo ix. p. 433.

[166] Aristot. Meteorol. i. 14.

[167] Paus. ii. 22. 2.

[168] Od. v. 125.

[169] Hesiod. Theog. 971.

[170] Od. xi. 281-4.

[171] See inf. sect. 8.

[172] Il. xv. 332, 7.

[173] Inf. sect. vi.

[174] Hymn. Cer. 123.

[175] Il. xxiii. 148. Od. viii. 362. Il. viii. 48.

[176] Il. xiii. 635.