C. MORPHOLOGY.
1. Composition.
331. Compound words (i. e. words resembling in form a succession of two or more words, but diverging in meaning from 5such a succession) are treated phonetically like groups of words in the phrase (§§ 33. 34).
If the first member ends in syllabic, n, or glottal stop, the particle ŋ appears before the second member.
In meaning, compound words resemble a phrase in which the 10word corresponding to the first member is modified, in disjunctive attribution, by the word corresponding to the second: báhay-aklátan library-building: báhay naŋ aklátan. The meaning of the compound is, however, more specialized than that of the phrase.
Exceptions as to meaning are: (1) the copulative compound 15áraw-gabì, formed on the model of doubled words, such as áraw-áraw, gabi-gabì (§§ 258. 343.); (2) kapatìd-koŋkristiyános, a foreign product; (3) máy-roòn, equivalent to máy, which has been viewed as a compound because its construction (§ 138) differs from that of the phrase máy roòn (which would not require the 20particle ŋ, §§ 252. 263).
Similar in form to compound words are words derived from a phrase (§ 332).
Examples of regular compounds: aŋ báhay-bátaʾ the womb, báhay-gúyaʾ the womb of an animal (gúyaʾ the young of an animal), 25báhay-pàhayagàn newspaper office, publishing house, Báhay-Paníki Bat-House (name of a town, paníki a bat), báhay-pintáhan paint-shop; Itò y bigay-loòb lámaŋ nya sa ákin. This is merely a concession he makes to me as a favor; aŋ lalawíga-ŋ-Pampàŋga, aŋ provìnsiya-ŋ-Pampàŋga Pampanga Province, cf. aŋ 30provìnsiya naŋ Pampàŋga; pilìk-matà eyelash (pilìk fin, lash); aŋ Sàmáha-ŋ-Sumúloŋ the Sumulong Company; aŋ tánud-báhay the watchman of a house, tánud-pálay watchman of a rice-field.
A member of a compound may consist of an entire phrase (cf. § 332): Bìgása-ŋ-Sumúloŋ-at-Kasamahàn Rice-mill of Sumulong 35and Company (equivalent to Bìgásan nila Sumúloŋ at Kasamahàn); aŋ dúlo-ŋ-bandà-ŋ-kánan the right-hand end (aŋ bandà ŋ kánan the right).
Specialization and transference of meaning are especially marked in hampas-lúpaʾ (literally: beating of the ground) tramp, 5vagabond; kápit-báhay not only neighboring house, but also neighbor: Aŋ báhay ni Hwàn ay áki ŋ kápit-báhay, but also: Si Hwàn ay áki ŋ kápit-báhay; kápit-báyan neighboring town, but also person from a neighboring town; Sawi-ŋ-pálad siyà. He is unlucky (literally unhandy of the palm).
10For the other occurrences of compounds see Index under báhay, bakàs, bànda, bantày, básag, báyad, báyan, búŋa, bútas, daàn, hánap, ílog, kalabàw, kapuluàn, kasamaàn, kasawiàn, kasiraàn, kinamatayàn, lúpaʾ, médiko, paà, pamatày, pantày, piráso, púnoʾ, sàmáhan, táo, trabáho, úbos.