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The Book of the Courtier

Chapter 20: INDEX
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About This Book

A conversational Renaissance dialogue staged at the ducal court of Urbino gathers noble guests who debate the attributes and conduct of an exemplary courtier. Across formal sessions they weigh martial skill and literary accomplishment, music, dance, and the visual arts, and argue for a balance between action and learning. Emphasis falls on decorum, wit, and a cultivated nonchalance that conceals artful effort. Practical rules cover speech, dress, behavior toward superiors and age-appropriate roles, while occasional digressions consider women, affectation, and the limits of perfection. The work blends social portraiture, etiquette, and aesthetic theory to sketch an ideal of graceful public life.

INDEX

INDEX

  • “King Louis,”—see Louis XII
  • “King of France, The,” a phrase signifying the acme of royal power, 272
  • Kiss, the origin and meaning of the, 300-1
  • Knowledge, the essential prerequisite of literary style, 45
  • Kratzer, Lorenz, 316, 420
  • Lacedemonians, cultivators of music, 64
  • Ladislas II of Bohemia, 397
  • Lady at church and the beggar, story of the, 125
  • Lælius, Caius (Sapiens), 51, 106, 344, 358
  • Laïs, 402
  • Landi, Agostino, 334
    • Caterina, 334
    • Count Marcantonio, 334
  • Landriano, Gerardo, Bishop of Como, 366
  • Language, in what consists the excellence of, 53
  • Languages, the courtier ought to know many, 115
  • Laocoön, the, 349
  • Lapi, Checca, 384
  • Lascaris, Constantine, 330, 397
  • Lasso, Pedro, 420
  • Latin:
    • the source of Italian, 43;
    • the courtier to be conversant with, 59;
    • Castiglione prefers that his son should devote more attention to Greek than to, 347
  • Latinistic forms of several Italian words advocated, 48, 54, 340
  • Latino Giovenale de’ Manetti, 151, 379
  • Latrin tongue, 136
  • Lattanzio da Bergamo, 376
  • Laughter:
    • peculiar to man, 123;
    • incongruity affirmed to be its source, 124
  • Laura, 220, 404-5
  • Laure de Noves, 405
  • Lavinello, 415
  • Lavinello’s Hermit, a character in Bembo’s Gli Asolani, 288, 415
  • Law, princes’ need to show respect for, 271
  • Leæna, 192, 390
  • Leaping, an accomplishment proper for the courtier, 31
  • Leghorn, 196
  • Lei, Bernardino, Bishop of Cagli, 366
  • Lemonnier, Felice, 421
  • Lenzuoli, Giuffredo (or Alfonso), 328
  • Leo X (“My lord Cardinal”), 152, 313, 314, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322, 329, 331, 332, 333, 335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342, 345, 352, 361, 362, 364, 365, 368, 369, 370, 373, 374, 380-1, 382, 411, 413
  • Leonardo da Vinci, 50, 336, 337, 341, 346, 350, 366, 381
    • his Codex Atlanticus, 360
    • his “Treatise on Painting,” 350
  • Leonico Tomeo, Niccolò, 145, 374
  • Letters:
    • the true ornament of the mind, 56;
    • disprized by the French at the beginning of the 16th century, 56;
    • but esteemed by the youthful Francis (I), 56-7;
    • and by captains of ancient times, 57-8;
    • the true conservator of glory, 58;
    • letters vs. arms, discussed, 60-2
  • Leuconia, 200, 393
  • Liberty, 259-61
  • Library of the Palace of Urbino, 9, 331
  • Library of the Spanish Academy at Madrid, 417
  • Libreria Salesiana, 421
  • Literary piracy:
    • hasty publication of THE COURTIER arose from dread of, 1;
    • frequency of, 320
  • Literary style, discussion of, 3-5, 38-54
  • Literary usage:
    • how determined, 48;
    • subject to change, 48-9
  • Livy (Titus Livius), 47, 326, 340, 358, 375, 391
  • Lombard, the author admits writing as a, 5
  • Lombards:
    • addicted to the use of foreign words, 38;
    • fond of fantastic dress, 104
  • Lombardy: 104;
    • eulogy of noble ladies of, 204
  • Longinus, the lance of, 372
  • Longis, Jean, 419
  • Lor—, Jean, 419
  • Loreto, Our Lady of, 158, 382
  • Lorraine, Beatrice of, 394
  • Louis, St., 395
  • Louis IX of France, 395
  • Louis XI of France, 387, 395
  • Louis XII of France, 141, 202, 313, 318, 330, 332, 337, 341, 346, 359, 371, 376, 381, 395, 396, 400, 409
  • Louise of Savoy, 346
  • Love:
    • the course to be pursued by women (married and unmarried) in love, 223-40;
    • how men are to win women’s love, 229-30;
    • how men are to declare their love, 231-2;
    • openness in love, 233-4;
    • how love is retained, 234-6;
    • rivalry in love, 234-6;
    • secrecy in love, 237-40;
    • whether love be seemly in an old courtier, 286-7;
    • beginning of Bembo’s discourse on Platonic love, 288;
    • love defined as “a certain desire to enjoy beauty,” 288;
    • defects of carnal love, 290;
    • maturity less prone to carnal love, than youth, 291;
    • true love of beauty is beneficent, 291;
    • sensual love in a measure excusable in the young, 292;
    • sensual love not excusable in those of mature years, 292, 297;
    • spiritual love, 304-5;
    • Bembo’s invocation to divine love, 305-7;
    • instances in which the mysteries of divine love have been revealed to women, 308
  • Love talk, the course to be pursued by women in, 221-3
  • Loyalty requisite in the courtier, 25
  • Loyson, Estienne, 421
  • Lucca, Proto da,—see Proto da Lucca
  • Lucca, story of the sables and the merchant of, 132-3
  • Lucian, 357
  • Luciani, Sebastiano, “del Piombo,” 335
  • Luciano of Laurana, architect of the Palace of Urbino, 410
  • Lucullus, Lucius Licinius, 58, 205, 250, 347, 408
  • Luther, 313, 330, 333
  • Luzio, Alessandro, 399
  • Luzio and Renier’s Mantova e Urbino, 410
  • Lycurgus, 64, 349
  • Lyons, a practical joke played by Bibbiena on the bridge at, 160-1
  • Lysias, 51, 344
  • Lysis the Pythagorean, 250, 408
  • Obedience:
    • a duty only when the command is righteous, 99-100;
    • the peril of even slight deviation from the letter of one’s orders, 100-2
  • Obscenity, to be avoided, 143
  • Ockenheim, 359
  • Octavia, 190, 388
  • Odasio of Padua, 329
  • Odenathus, King of Palmyra, 401
  • Œta, Mount, 305, 415
  • Oglio, story of the peasant girl who drowned herself in the, 214-5
  • Old age:
    • its tendency to laud the past and to decry the present, 75-9;
    • affectations of, 90;
    • characteristics peculiar to, 91
  • Old fashions, instances of, in manners and attire, 79
  • Olschki, Leo, 417
  • Olympia, 387
  • Olympian Jove, 171
  • Olympic games, 171
  • Oratory:
    • affectation in, 35;
    • the variety of, 50-1;
    • the courtier to be versed in, 59
  • Orestes, 106, 358
  • Oriental courts, manners of, 173
  • Orlando, a character of mediæval romance, 365
  • Orléans, Duke Charles d’, 371
  • Orléans, the Duke of,—see Louis XII
  • Orpheus, 167, 184, 349, 384, 388
  • Orsini, Clarice, 320, 380
    • Giangiordano, 404
  • Ortona, Morello da,—see Morello
  • Orvieto, Nicoletto da, 142, 373
  • Oscan language, 49, 340
  • Othman, Djem,—see Djem Othman
  • Our Lady of Loreto, 158, 382
  • Ovid, 237, 315, 390
  • Ovid’s Ars Amandi, 352, 366, 404, 405
  • Oyselet, Georges l’, 420
  • Quack, story of the peasant who had lost an eye and consulted a, 150
  • Qualities of the courtier, how to be employed, 81 et seq.
  • S:
    • the letter worn by “My lady Duchess” upon her brow, 16;
    • the Unico Aretino’s sonnet concerning, 17, 335-6
  • Sabine women and their Roman husbands, the story of the, 198-9
  • Sables, story of the merchant of Lucca and his, 132-3
  • Sade, Hughes de, 405
  • Sadoleto, Giacomo, 139, 331, 369
    • Giovanni, 369
  • Saguntine women, bravery of, 201, 393
  • St. Ambrose, Jacques Colin, Abbot of, 315
  • St. Angelo, the Castle of, 367
  • St. Celsus, 383
  • St. Elmo, 147, 376
  • St. Erasmus, 376
  • St. Francis, 308, 416
  • St. George:
    • the English order of (the Garter), 173, 387;
    • mentioned, 404
  • St. Gregory, 393
  • St. Jerome, 188
  • St. Jerome’s Epistle on Widowhood, 388
  • St. Louis, 395
  • St. Mary Magdalen, 308
  • St. Michael, the French order of, 173, 387
  • St. Nazarius, 383
  • St. Paul, 129, 308, 363
  • St. Peter and St. Paul, story about a picture in which Raphael had represented, 149, 377-8
  • St. Peter’s, the Church of:
    • story of the prelate who stooped on entering, 144;
    • the rebuilding of, 274, 410
  • St. Sebastian, the basilica of, 404
  • St. Stephen, 308
  • Salerno, the Archbishop of,—see Fregoso, Federico
  • Salian priests, 44, 339
  • Sallaza dalla Pedrada, 140, 370
  • Sallust, 346
  • Saluzzo, Rizzarda di, 363
  • Salvadori, Giulio, 421
  • Samber, Robert, 421
  • San Bonifacio, Count Ludovico da, 139, 369
  • San Celso, 159
  • San Gallo Gate at Florence, 145
  • San Giacomo, the Church of, at Padua, 384
  • San Giorgio, Giovanni Antonio, "the Alexandrian Cardinal,"—see Alexandrian
  • San Leo, story of Duke Guidobaldo and the castellan who had surrendered, 147, 376-7
  • San Magno, Masella di, 358
  • Sannazaro, Giacopo, 113, 358-9
    • Giacopo Niccolò, 358
  • San Pietro ad Vincula, the Cardinal of,—see Rovere, Galeotto della
  • San Sebastiano, story of an outrage committed near the Church of, 215-6
  • Sansecondo, Giacomo, 123, 361
  • Sanseverino, Galeazzo, 34, 337-8
  • San Silvestro, picture painted by Raphael for the Church of, 378
  • Sansoni, G. C., 421, 422
  • Santacroce, Alfonso, 146, 375
  • Santa Maria in Portico, the Cardinal of,—see Bibbiena
  • Santi, Giovanni, 342, 376
  • Sanzio, Raffaello,—see Raphael
  • Sappho, 197, 391
  • Sardanapalus, 206, 401
  • Savona, 216, 404
  • Savonarola, 328, 363
  • Savoy, Charlotte of, 395
    • Filiberta of, 320, 346
    • Filiberto, Duke of, 396
    • Louise of, 346
  • Scarmiglione da Foglino, 377
  • Schaeffer, Carl, 421
  • Schultz, a printer, 421
  • Scipio Africanus Maximus, 207, 347, 377, 401, 402, 408
  • Scipio Africanus the Younger, 51, 58, 106, 146, 190, 205, 210, 250, 340, 344, 358, 408
  • Scipio Nasica, Publius Cornelius, 148, 377
  • Sciron, 275, 411
  • “Scissors,” 192
  • Scoto, Girolamo, 420
  • Scott, Mary Augusta, 316, 332
  • Sculpture and painting, the comparative merits of, 66-8, 349-50
  • Scythia, 285
  • Scythians:
    • a custom among the, 266;
    • mentioned, 414
  • Sebastian, St., the basilica of, 404
  • Sebastiano, a brother of Fra Serafino, 335
  • Self-confidence requisite in the courtier, 28
  • Self-depreciation, to be avoided, 117
  • Self-praise discussed, 25-7
  • Self-seclusion of princes, 249
  • Selim I of Turkey, 372, 388
  • Semiramis, 205, 401
  • Seneca’s Hippolytus, 367
  • Sera, Francesca del, 343
    • Neri del, 343
  • Serafino, Fra,—see Fra Serafino
  • Serafino Ciminelli d’Aquila, 142, 352, 373
  • Serassi, Pierantonio, 421
  • Seres, William, 420
  • Sertenas, Vincent, 419
  • Seven Sages of Greece, the, 408
  • Sforza, Anna, first wife of Alfonso d’Este, 399
  • Shakspere, 403
  • Sibyls, the, 197, 390
  • Sicily, 195
  • Sidney, Sir Philip, his “Arcadia,” 359
  • Siena:
    • retort made to a townsman of, 136;
    • story about the Emperor and, 143;
    • the Cardinal of, 351
  • Silius Italicus, Caius, 52, 53, 346
  • Silva, Diego de, Count of Portalegre, 317
    • Miguel de, Bishop of Viseu, 1, 317
  • Silvestri, Giovanni, 421
  • Simbeni, 420
  • Similes and metaphors in pleasantry, 142
  • Simone, a character in Boccaccio, 161
  • Simoni, Ludovico Buonarroti, 343
  • Simpleton, retort made by Lorenzo de’ Medici to a, 145
  • Sinning against light, 255-6
  • Si non caste, tamen caute, 189, 388
  • Sinoris, 194, 195
  • Sismondi, 328
  • Sixtus IV, 318, 326, 328, 359, 396, 404
  • Slater, H., 421
  • Slavonia, jest about a comedy so elaborate as to need for its setting all the wood in, 152
  • Social inferiors, consorting with, 85-6
  • Socrates, 56, 57, 63, 78, 90, 181, 308, 344, 348, 356, 391, 402, 408
  • Solomon, 220, 405
  • Solon of Athens, 391, 408
  • Sonzogno, Edoardo, 324, 422
  • Sophocles, 402
  • Sorbon, Robert, 346-7
  • Sorbonne, the, 57, 346-7
  • Spain, 1, 204, 207, 315
  • Spaniards:
    • martial exercises excelled in by, 31;
    • affirmed by Calmeta to be the masters of courtiership, 97-8;
    • discussion whether they are presumptuous, 98;
    • said to excel in chess, 109;
    • their grave manners, 114-5
  • Spanish fashion of dress:
    • affected by some, 102;
    • sobriety of, 103
  • Spartan women, bravery of, 201
  • Speaking and writing, to be governed by essentially the same rules, 40
  • Sprezzatura (nonchalance), 35, 338
  • Squarcione, Francesco, 341
  • Stadia, computation of the size of Hercules’s body based upon a comparison of the different, 171
  • Stagira, 285, 414
  • Stasicrates, 411
  • Statira of Pontus, 389
  • Stature, the courtier to be of moderate, 29
  • Stazioni, 136, 366
  • Stephen, St., 308
  • Stesichorus, 294, 415
  • Stilico, 313
  • Stoic philosophers, 82
  • Strascino (Niccolò Campani da Siena), 128, 362
  • Strozzi, Palla degli, 140, 370
  • Suetonius, 360
  • Sulla, Lucius Cornelius, 58, 347
  • Sulpicius Rufus, Publius, 51, 344
  • Sumptuary regulations, commended, 278
  • Swimming, an accomplishment proper for the courtier, 31
  • Symonds, John Addington, 315, 327, 339, 345, 359, 360, 369, 370, 409, 412
  • Synattus, 194, 195
  • Synesius, 357
  • “T-A” (a printer’s initials), 419
  • Tacitus, Cornelius, 52, 53, 346, 368
  • Taft, taftah, taffety, 364
  • Tarpeia, 392
  • Tarquinius Priscus, 190, 389
  • Tasso, the poet, 333
    • Girolamo, a printer, 421
  • Tatius, Titus, 198, 199, 392
  • Teeth, the beauty of, 55
  • Temperament of men and women discussed, 186-7
  • Temperance and continence, contrasted and discussed, 257
  • Tenda, Beatrice di, 355
  • Tennis:
    • a pastime appropriate to the courtier, 31;
    • to be practised only as a diversion, 86
  • Tennyson’s “Cup,” Castiglione’s version of the story on which was founded, 194-5, 390
  • Teramo, the Bishop of,—see Porcaro, Camillo
  • Terpandro, Antonio Maria, 12, 334
  • Thales of Miletus, 408
  • Themistocles, 64, 76, 275, 349
  • Themistus of Syracuse, 389
  • Theodatus, 393
  • Theodolinda, Queen of the Lombards, 202, 393
  • Theodora, wife of the Emperor Theophilus, 202, 393
    • wife of the Emperor Justinian, 393
  • Theodoric the Great, 393
  • Theophilus, the Emperor, 393
  • Theophrastus, 5, 323
  • Theseus, 106, 275, 358, 411
  • Thetis, 387
  • Tiber, first Trojan landing at the mouth of the, 198
  • Ticknor, the historian of Spanish literature, 315
  • Time, the true test of literary and other excellence, 6
  • Time and manner of employing the courtier’s accomplishments, 81 et seq.
  • Timeliness, a requisite in pleasantries, 154
  • Timur the Tartar, 387
  • Tintoretto, 351
  • Tipografia dei Classici Italiani, la, 421
  • Tirsi, an eclogue by Castiglione, 314, 331, 332
  • Tisias (Stesichorus), 415
  • Titian, 313, 320, 343, 407
  • Titus Tatius, 198, 199, 392
  • Todeschini, Francesco,—see Pius III
  • Toldo, Pietro, 315
  • Tolosa, Paolo, 151, 378
  • Tomeo, Niccolò,—see Leonico
  • Tommaso, Antonio di, 375
  • Tommaso, messer, of Pisa, 195-6
  • Tomyris, 205, 400
  • Torello, Antonio, 151, 378-9
    • Count Guido, di Montechiarugolo, 314
    • Ippolita, wife of the author, 314, 369
  • Torre, Geronimo della, 366
  • Torresano, Federico, 419
  • Tortis, Alvise de, 419
  • Total abstinence, 258
  • Touans, Pedro, 419
  • Trajan, the Emperor, 410
  • Tricks and deceptions practised by lovers, 217-8
  • Trifles, instances of books written about, 93, 357
  • Trino, Comin da, 420
  • Trojan Horse, the, 244
  • Trojan settlement in Italy, a story of the, 197-8
  • Trojan War, the origin of the, 387
  • Trombone, story about playing the, 131
  • Troy:
    • Trojan settlement in Italy after the fall of, 197-8;
    • the valour of Trojan women long prevented the fall of, 219;
    • the fall of, cited as an instance of the woes wrought by women’s beauty, 293
  • True Lovers’ Arch, 222
  • Truth, the courtier’s chief aim should be to inform his prince of the, 247
  • Tudor, Arthur, 412
    • Catherine, widow of Henry V of England, 412-3
    • Edmund, Earl of Richmond, 412
    • Henry, son of Edmund,—see Henry VII
    • Henry, son of Henry,—see Henry VIII
    • Margaret, daughter of Henry, 413
    • Mary, Queen of France, daughter of Henry, 371
  • Tullius,—see Cicero, Marcus Tullius
  • Turin, Duke Agilulph of, 393
  • Turk, the Grand, (Bajazet II),—see Bajazet II of Turkey
  • Turkish fashion of dress:
    • affected by some, 102;
    • peculiarities of, 372
  • Turks and Moors, 275
  • Turler, Hieronymus, 316, 420
  • Turnus, 44, 339
  • Tuscan dialect:
    • author’s reasons for not using, 3-5;
    • discussion of, 39-54;
    • not to be regarded as sole criterion of Italian usage, 48
  • Tuscany, 4, 5, 39, 40, 43, 44
    • Duke Boniface of, 394
  • Tutula, 392
  • Tyrant, witticism against a tyrant falsely reputed to be generous, 145
  • Tyrants, evils suffered by, 263-4
  • Valentino, Duke,—see Borgia, Cesare
  • Valerius Maximus’s “Memorable Doings and Sayings,” 390, 401
  • Vanozza, Rosa, 377
  • Varano, Costanza da, 394
  • Varchi, 348
  • Variety of occupations, inculcated, 31
  • Varlungo, the priest of, (a character in Boccaccio), 127
  • Varro, Marcus Terentius, 54, 346
  • Vasari, Giorgio, 341, 343, 350
  • Vatican Library at Rome, 417
  • Vaulting on horseback, proper for the courtier, 31
  • Venery, an appropriate pastime for the courtier, 31
  • Venetians:
    • their manner of riding ridiculed, 37, 130;
    • addicted to the wearing of puffed sleeves, 104
  • Venice, 131, 147
  • Venus, 309
  • Venus Armata, 199, 392
  • Venus Calva, 199, 392
  • Vernacular (i.e., Italian), the courtier to be proficient in the use of the, 59
  • Vernia, Paolo Niccolò,—see Nicoletto
  • Verocchio, 341
  • Verulam, Lord, (Francis Bacon), 316
  • Vesme, Count Carlo Baudi di, 357, 417, 421
  • Vespasiano, 326
  • Vesta, 393
  • Vestal Virgins, 201
  • Vinci, Leonardo da,—see Leonardo da Vinci
  • Viol, 88-9, 356
  • Viotti, Antonio di, 419
  • Virgil, 41, 44, 47, 49, 52, 53, 339, 359
  • Virtù, la, a feminine quality, 169
  • Virtue, whether it is inborn or capable of being acquired, 251 et seq.
  • Visconti, Bianca Maria, 381
  • Viseu, the Bishop of,—see Silva
  • Vite, Timoteo della, 342
  • Vitruvius, 342, 411
  • Vittorino da Feltre, 325
  • Vittorio Emanuele Library at Rome, 417
  • Vizio, il, a masculine quality, 169
  • Volpi, edition of THE COURTIER annotated by the brothers, 324, 421
  • Volterra, Mario da,—see Mario de’ Maffei
  • Vulcan, 252, 411
  • Wales, the Prince of,—see Henry VIII of England
  • Weapons, the courtier to be familiar with the handling of, 29
  • Wheel, the, (a court of justice), story about, 151, 379
  • Wifely affection, instances of, 194-7
  • Witticism and pleasantry, beginning of the discussion on, 120
  • Wives and husbands, ill treatment between, 193
  • Wolfe, John, 421
  • Womanliness, the chief essential in the Court Lady, 175
  • Womanly virtue, instances of, 190 et seq.
  • Women, different kinds of men love different kinds of, 227-8
  • Women afford inspiration to poets and musicians, 220
  • Women and men, beginning of the discussion on the comparative excellence of, 182
  • Women’s excellence in literature, music, painting and sculpture, 205
  • Women’s extravagance in dress and ornament, 278
  • Women’s honour, beginning of the discussion as to the regard to be shown to, 162
  • Women’s innate love of honour, 209 et seq.
  • Women’s usefulness to men, ancient instances of, 197 et seq.
  • Women’s usual regret at not having been born men, 185
  • Wrestling, the courtier to be familiar with, 29
  • Writing and speaking, to be governed by essentially the same rules, 40
  • Youth, characteristics peculiar to, 91
  • Zenobia, 205, 401
  • Zetzner, Lazarus, 421
  • Zeus, 387, 408
  • Zeuxis, 70, 351
  • Zizim,—see Djem
  • Zodiac, explanation of the Signs of the, 415