The North-Americans of yesterday

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

	PAGE
Teocalli of the Sun, Palenque, Yucatan	Frontispiece
Moki Drawings of Stars	iii
Moki Drawings of the Sun	ix
† Gargoyle—Serpent Head [From débris of temple, Copan]	1
* South Portion of the Tewa Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico. Adobé Construction	3
† Seated Figure Carved in Trachyte [From débris of hieroglyphic steps, Copan. Slightly larger than life size]	5
* Kicking Bear, Sioux	7
A Corner of a Mitla Ruin, Mexico [From Bandelier’s Archæological Tour, published by the Archæological Institute of America]	9
† Sculpture from Terrace East of the Great Plaza, Copan	11
* A Kieskabi, or Covered Passage, at Walpi, Arizona	13
* Moki Mask of Pawikkatcina	15
† Specimen of Sculpture on Hieroglyphic Stairway, Copan	16
* Eskimo Jade Adze [Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]	17
† “Singing-Girl” Sculptured in Trachyte [From débris of Temple 22, Copan. Slightly larger than life]	19
* Terra-Cotta Stool, Chiriqui	20
Altar Q, Copan, Honduras [From photograph by M. H. Saville. American Museum]	21
South-West Corner of the Temple of Xochicalco, State of Morelos, Mexico [Photographed by M. H. Saville for the American Museum of. Natural History]	23
* Polished Black Ware, Santa Clara, New Mexico	27
Eastern Façade of the Temple of Xochicalco, State of Morelos, Mexico [Photographed by M. H. Saville for the American Museum of Natural History]	31
Amerind Linguistic Map of North America [After the one prepared by the U. S. Bureau of Ethnology]	33
* Fac-Simile of a Cherokee Manuscript [Written in Sequoyah’s Syllabary]	35
* Petroglyphs near Wrangell, Alaska, probably Tlinkit	37
* Human Forms, Moki	38
* Omaha War Club	39
* Painted Petroglyphs, Santa Barbara County, California	40
* Petroglyphs in Brown’s Cave, Wisconsin	41
* Painted Petroglyphs, Southern Utah	42
* Petroglyph at Millsboro, Pennsylvania	43
* Petroglyphs in Georgia	44
Runic Inscription on Stone Found at Igalikko, Greenland	45
* Dighton Rock, Massachusetts	45
Illustration of the “Walam Olum” of the Lenapé [From Brinton]	46
Katcinas in the Somaikoli Ceremony, Cichumovi, Arizona, November, 1884 [Photograph by the Author]	47
* Killed Two Arikarees	48
* Petroglyphs on Paint Rock, North Carolina	49
Landa’s Maya Alphabet, after Brasseur [From Bancroft’s Native Races]	50
* Fac-Simile of the Lord’s Prayer in Micmac Hieroglyphs [From Le Clercq]	51
* Sequoyah’s Cherokee Syllabary	52
* Lean Wolf’s Map, Hidatsa	54
* The “Penn” Wampum Belt; * Strings of Wampum	55
* Orca or Killer-Whale Decoration, Haida	56
* Haida Tattooing	57
* Eskimo Drawing—“The Man in the Moon Comes Down”	58
* Eskimo Picture-Writing	59
* Specimens of the Dakota Winter Counts	60
* Killing a Bison	61
* Shell Disc, Tennessee	62
* Shell Gorget, Tennessee [Actual size]	64
Cup Markings	65
* Cup from Chiriqui	67
* Terra-Cotta from Chiriqui	68
Page from an Aztec Book [From a copy in the possession of M. H. Saville]	70
Mexican Writing of Name of Montezuma [From Brinton]	71
* Part of Plate 65, Dresden Codex [Maya]	72
† Vase from Labna, Yucatan, with Peculiar Markings	74
* Convex Discoidal Stone, North Carolina	75
† Female Head in Trachyte	79
Usual Type of Sculptured “Yokes,” Central America [Field Columbian Museum]	81
A Suggestion of the possible Scheme of Maya Numerals. Wholly Tentative [From drawing by the Author]	86
* Omaha Calumet	87
* Omaha War Club	88
* North-West Coast Feather Ornamentation on Baskets	89
* Eskimo Bag-Basket	89
* Moki Wicker Water-Jug	89
* Havasupai Clay-Lined Roasting Tray	90
* Iroquois Birchbark Vessel; * North-West Coast Basket	91
* McCloud River Basket, California	92
* Moki Food Basket; * Klamath Basket	93
* Moki Food Tray; * Moki Floor Mat	95
* Eskimo Whalebone Dish; * Clallam Basket, Washington	96
* Amerind Wicker-Work—Apache Basket; Pai Ute Water-Jug; Moki Food Tray; Klamath Basket	97
* Modelling an Olla at Hano [Photograph by the Author]	100
* Clay Nucleus	100
* Method of Building up Coil	100
* Ware from Moki Region, Arizona	102
* Cup from Arizona	103
* Vase from Arkansas, Showing Lines Made with a Sharp Point before Firing	103
* Bottle-Shaped Vase, Arkansas	105
* Earthenware Burial Casket, Tennessee	106
* Death-Mask Vase, Tennessee	107
* Fluted Vase, Arkansas	109
* Impression of Parts of Basket Mould on Pottery	109
* Vase from Chiriqui. Decorated in Black, Red, and Purple	111
An Ancient Figure of Terra Cotta from the Valley of Mexico [From photograph by American Museum of Natural History]	113
* Coil Indented for Decoration	114
Zapotecan Terra-Cotta Funeral Urns Found on Cement Floor in Front of Tomb 1, Mound 7, Xoxo, Oaxaca, Mexico [Photographed by M. H. Saville for the American Museum of Natural History]	115
* Pot Showing Diagonal Grooves across the Lines of the Coil Made by the Hand in Smoothing up. Mancos Canyon, Colorado	116
Zapotecan Terra-Cotta Tubing Found Leading down into a Field from the Centre of Mound 7, Xoxo, Oaxaca, Mexico [Photographed by M. H. Saville for the American Museum of Natural History]	117
* Pueblo Pot. Pattern Produced by Obliterating Pinch Marks	118
* Pinch-Marked Coil	119
* Engraved Ware, Arkansas	120
* Engraved Ware, Arkansas	121
Black Cup, Chiriqui	122
* Woven Moccasin from Kentucky Cave	123
* Menominee Beaded Garters	125
* Navajo Woman at the Loom	127
Part of the Somaikoli Ceremony at Cichumovi, November, 1884, Showing a Sacred Blanket on Figure in Foreground [From photograph by the Author]	129
* Details of Navajo Loom Construction	131
* A Puebloan of San Juan, New Mexico	135
* Method of Making Feather-Work	137
* Chilkat Ceremonial Shirt	139
* Chilkat Ceremonial Blanket	142
* Moki Wall Decoration. Pink on a White Ground. Mishongnuvi, Arizona	144
* Bellacoolas	145
* Top View of Conical North-West Coast Hat	146
Wonsivu, a Pai Ute Girl [Posed by Thomas Moran]	147
A Navajo Leader in Native Costume [Figure from photograph by the U. S. Bureau of Ethnology]	148
* Interior of a Moki House, Arizona	149
* Pueblo Head Mat	151
* Navajos	152
* Seminole Man’s and Woman’s Costume	154
* Ear-Perforating and Hair-Dressing of Seminoles	155
* The Ghost-Shirt, Simple Form	157
* Eskimo Boots [Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]	158
* Rain Hat, Haida	160
* Toucan of Squier and Davis, Really a Crow	161
Deserted Village near Cape Fox, Alaska [Photographed by the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 1899]	162
Interior House-Column [Sketch by Author from post at Cape Fox Village, Alaska]	162
Major Part of Interior House-Post from Cape Fox Village, S. E. Alaska	163
Totem Pole with Bear on the Top, Wrangell [Sketch by the Author]	164
* Terra-Cotta Statuette, Chiriqui	165
* The Bear-Mother, Haida, N. W. Coast	165
* Wooden Masks, N. W. Coast	166
* Kwakiutl Carving, N. W. Coast	167
* Eskimo Carved Ivory Drum-Handles	168
* Specimen of Moundbuilder Sculptural Skill with Human Figure	170
* Stone Pipe from North Carolina Mound	171
* So-Called Elephant Pipe, Iowa	172
* Toucan of Squier and Davis, possibly Meant for a Young Eagle	172
* Tripod Vase, Chiriqui. Legs Modelled to Imitate Fish	173
* Shell Gorget, Missouri	175
* Bird-Shaped Earthen Bowl, Arkansas	176
* Shell Mask, Virginia	177
Moki Sculptural Skill with the Human Figure	178
The Alosaka (Moki) [After drawing by A. M. Stephen]	179
* Sculptural Art of Chiriqui	179
* Shell Gorget, Tennessee	180
The Aztec “Calendar” Stone [From Bandelier’s Archæological Tour]	182
Aztec Sculpture, the Indio Triste [From Bandelier’s Archæological Tour]	183
Sanctuary Tablet Temple (Teocalli) of the Sun, Palenque [Field Columbian Museum]	185
† “Altar” in Front of Stela D, Copan	186
† Stela No. 6, Copan; Back of Stela No. 6	187
* Puma-Shaped Stool of Grey Andesite, Chiriqui	188
† Head Sculptured in Stone. Chultunes of Labna, Yucatan	189
Large Built-up Head at Izamal [From Stephens]	191
* Stool of Grey Basalt, Chiriqui	192
* Copper Bell from Tennessee	193
* Pueblo Mealing Stones	194
Pai Ute Wikiups, Northern Arizona [From photograph by Colorado River Expedition, 1872]	195
* Moki Kisi Construction	196
* Primitive Amerind Ladders	197
* A Navajo House	198
* A Sweat House	199
* An Omaha Tipi	201
* A Seminole Dwelling	203
* Mississippi Valley Method of Using Jacal Construction, according to Thomas	206
* Cliff Outlook, Canyon del Muerto, Arizona	207
Hall of Columns, Mitla [Field Columbian Museum]	209
Transverse Section (somewhat Generalised) Showing Construction of Palenque Buildings, Yucatan [Field Columbian Museum]	210
* Some Details of Pueblo House Architecture—A Triangular Sipapu or Sacred Kiva Orifice; Moki Doorway with Transom; Pueblo Roof Construction; Some Moki Roof Drains	211
* Moki Notched Doorway, so Made that Large Bundles could be Taken in	213
A Zuñi Chimney, Moki the Same	215
One Form of Moki Chimney Hood	215
* Ground Plan of Eskimo Snow Iglu	217
* Section of Snow Iglu	218
* An Alaska Eskimo Winter House, Point Barrow	219
* Interior Ground Plan of a Moki House	220
* An Alaska Eskimo Winter House of Wood and Earth, Point Barrow	221
* Interior of Wood and Earth Iglu	221
* Stone Steps at Oraibi	222
* Cliff-Dwelling, Eastern Cove of Mummy Cave, Canyon de Chelly, Arizona	223
Houses in Walpi, One of the Moki Towns, Arizona [Photograph by U. S. Geological Survey]	224
* General View of a Group of Cavate Lodges, Arizona	225
* Plan and Sections of a Cavate Lodge	227
* Diagram Showing Pocket at Back of some Cavate Lodges	228
‡ Theoretic Roof Construction of Mitla	230
* Ground Plan of a Kiva and Ceiling Plan of Another	231
Chaco Ruins Masonry; Chaco Ruins, Ground Plans [From Report of Hayden Expedition]	232
* Ruin Called Casa Grande, Arizona	233
‡ Transverse Section of an Ordinary Yucatec Building	235
‡ Forms of the Maya Corbel Vault	237
‡ Ground Plans of Yucatec Buildings	238
¶ Kwakiutl House Front	239
¶ North-West Coast Houses and Totem Poles	241
‡ Ruin of East Façade and Iglesia, “Palace,” Chichen-Itza, Yucatan	243
¶ Elevation of Kwakiutl House	244
* View in the Moki Town of Mishongnavi, Arizona	245
* Eskimo Horn Dipper [Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]	247
* Horn Arrow Straightener	248
* Modern Iron Arrow-Heads of the Omahas	248
* Forms of the Bow	249
Pai Ute Palm-Drill [Drawn by the Author]	250
¶ The Palm-Drill (Fire-Making); The Pump-Drill (Fire-Making)	251
* Eskimo String-Drill (For Fire-Making with Mouthpiece)	251
* Pueblo Pump-Drill (For Boring)	251
* Drill-Point of Chipped Flint	251
¶ Set of Fire-Making Tools, Bristol Bay Eskimo, Alaska	253
* Eskimo Bow-Drill	254
¶ Modern Rod Armour of the Klamaths, Oregon	255
¶ Hupa Rod Armour, California	255
¶ Eskimo Plate Armour, Diomede Island, Bering Strait	257
¶ Tlinkit Skin Armour, Alaska	258
¶ Prehistoric Aleutian Rod Armour	259
* Chipped Flint; Chipped Flint Blunt Arrow-Head, Georgia; Chipped Flint Implement, Tennessee; Specimen “Cores,” or Blocks of Flint; Specimen of Chipped Flint Discs, called “Turtleback,” Mississippi Valley; Grooved Stone Axe, Tennessee (Ground) [Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]	261
* Diagram Explaining Terms to be Used in Describing Stone Weapons	263
¶ Tlinkit Slat-and-Rod Armour, Alaska, Front View	265
* Apache War-Bonnet [Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]	266
* Eskimo Throwing-Boards for Darts	268
* Eskimo Bird Bolas	268
* Amerindian Knives	269
* Moki Throwing-Stick, or Putchkohu; Pueblo Planting Stick; Zuñi Wooden Spade	270
A Moki Throwing the Putchkohu [From a drawing by the Author]	271
* Shell Spoon, Mississippi Valley	273
* Pueblo Mountain Sheep-Horn Spoon	274
* Menominee Wooden Mortar and Pestle	274
* Stone House-Lamp, Point Barrow, Alaska	275
* Eskimo Sledges	277
* Central Eskimo Dog Harness	278
¶ Enclosed Canadian Toboggan or Travelling Sled	279
* Eskimo Snow-Shoe, Point Barrow, Alaska	280
¶ Canoes of the North-West Coast	281
* Umiak of the Central Eskimo	282
* Eskimo Kayaks	283
* Method of Attaching Oars to Umiak	284
* Method of Tying Frame of Kayak	284
* Thin Plate of Copper Wrought by Repoussé Method, Illinois Mound	285
* Amerindian Method of Mining Steatite for Utensils	287
* Chipped Spade [Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]	289
* Eskimo Stone Maul [Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]	290
* Small Figure of Frog in Base Metal, Plated with Gold, Chiriqui	292
Coppers from the North-West Coast; Painted Design in Black Representing a Sea Monster with Bear’s Head; Painted Design Representing a Hawk [U. S. National Museum]	293
* Hollow Silver Beads of Navajo Make, Arizona	294
* Navajo Silver Work, Arizona; Engraved Button; Bracelet	295
¶ Kwakiutl Chief Holding his Copper, North-West Coast	297
* Triple Bell or Rattle of Gold from near Panama	302
* Bronze Mexican Bell	302
* Bronze Bells, Plated or Washed with Gold, Chiriqui	304
* Small Metal Figure, Chiriqui	306
* Silver Plate with Spanish Coat of Arms	307
* Moki Rattle of Animal Hoofs	308
* Amerindian Rattles; Gourd, ; Earthenware Rattlee from Chiriqui; Tin, Ojibwa	309
* Omaha Large Flute	310
* Drum of Terra-Cotta, Chiriqui	312
* Menominee Tambourine Drum	313
* Omaha Box Drum	314
¶ Set of Playing Sticks	315
* Pueblo Rattles—Turtle Shell with Hoofs of Goats or Sheep, Fastened to the Rear of the Right Leg near the Knee in Dancing; Painted Gourd with Wood Handle	317
* Zuñi Dance Ornament; * Moki Notched Stick; ¶ Kwakiutl Double Whistle, with Four Voices	319
¶ The Awl Game	320
¶ Amerind Gambling Tools—Set of Bone Dice, Arapaho; Set of Counting Sticks, Blackfeet; Set of Plum Stones, Arikaree	322
* Terra-Cotta Rattle from Chiriqui	325
* Cat-Shaped Whistle of Terra-Cotta, Chiriqui	327
¶ Mandan Game of Tchungkee	328
* Double Whistle in Terra-Cotta from Chiriqui	330
¶ Set of Staves for Game	331
* “Banner-Stone,” Tennessee	332
* So-Called Elephant Mound, Wisconsin	334
* Ancient Fabric Design, from Impression on Pottery, Utah	335
* Ancient Fabric, Preserved by Copper Celt, Iowa	336
* Large Mound of the Etowah Group, Georgia	337
A Votive Adz of Jadite from Mexico, Showing Front and Side [American Museum, Kunz Collection]	339
Back of Votive Adz [American Museum]	341
* Patterns of Ancient Fabrics from Pottery; from New York; from Illinois; from Tennessee	344
* Eskimo Mechanical Toy	345
¶ Máhtotóhpa (The Four Bears), a Mandan Chief	347
An Onyx Jar from Mexico in Process of Manufacture [American Museum]	349
¶ Wooden Food Bowl, Haida	351
* Dancing Mask of the Makahs, Washington	352
¶ Moki Wicker Cradle with Awning; Carrying Basket of the Arikarees	353
¶ Tlinkit Man and Woman Thirty Years Ago, or about 1870	355
A Pawnee in Battle Array [Photographed by J. K. Hillers, U. S. Geological Survey]	357
¶ The Kwakiutl Wolf Dance, called Wālasaxa, North-West Coast	359
¶ Ute Woman Carrying Child	361
¶ Keokuk, a Sauk Chief	362
¶ Shrine of the War-Gods, Twin Mountain, Pueblo of Zuñi, New Mexico	365
¶ A Costume of a Hāmatsa in the Kwakiutl Cannibalistic Ceremony, where Slaves and Corpses were Formerly Devoured	367
¶ Mexican Operating the Palm Drill for Fire	368
¶ Zuñi Woman Carrying Water	369
¶ Ute Cradle, Frame of Rods Covered with Buckskin	372
¶ Eskimo Woman of Point Barrow Carrying Child; * Apache Woman Carrying Child	374
* Moki “Snake dance” at Walpi	376
* Amerindian Picture-Writing	377
* Beginning of the Moki “Snake Dance” at Walpi	378
¶ Horned Rattlesnake, Crotalus Cerastes	380
¶ The Okeepa Ceremony of the Mandans, Lasting Four Days	382
* The Sacred Pole of the Omaha	383
Cruciform Stone Tomb, Oaxaca [American Museum]	384
Ground Plan of Cruciform Tomb, Oaxaca	385
* Amerindian Art	387
Moki Earthen Canteen, Arizona	388
¶ Modern Laced Sandal of Leather from Colima, Mexico	389
* Eskimo Pipe with Stone Bowl	390
Teocalli (Temple) of Tepoztlan, State of Morelos, Mexico [Monumental Records]	391
¶ Kwakiutl Wood-Carving of the Sīsul North-West Coast	392
¶ Rushing Eagle, 1872	394
* Fine Cloth Preserved by Copper Beads	395
* Ancient Fabric-Marked Potsherds, with Clay Casts by Holmes	398
¶ Ehtohkpahshepeeshah, the Black Moccasin, Chief of the Minatarees, over One Hundred Years Old	400
Lacandon (Mayan) Amerind from Chocolhao, Yucatan [Photographed by M. H. Saville]	402
One of the Buildings of the Palenque Group [Photographed by M. H. Saville]	404
¶ Costume Worn in the Kwakiutl Festivals, called Laōlaxa, North-West Coast	406
God-Houses of the Huichols at Teakáta, near Santa Catarina, State of Jalisco, Mexico [American Museum]	409
* Eskimo Mask of Wood, Prince William Sound, Alaska	410
Plenty-Horses, a Cheyenne [U. S. Geological Survey]	413
¶ North-West Coast Basketry Hats	415
¶ North-West Coast Mortuary and Commemorative Columns	417
¶ Ancient Puebloan Moccasins of Fibre, Arizona	422
¶ Chimmesyan Head-dress Representing the White Owl	426
¶ Wooden “Seal” Dish, Haida	428
Tlinkit Summer Camp [Photographed by the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 1899]	429
Eskimo Summer Camp, Port Clarence [Photographed by the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 1899]	431
* Wooden Snow Goggles of the Central Eskimo	433
Principal Known Ruins of Central America [American Museum]	436
* Necklace of Dried Human Fingers Obtained on Battlefield of Wounded Knee by Captain Bourke	437
Principal Known Ruins of Mexico [American Museum]	438
Probable Aspect of Alaska Summer Landscape some Six Hundred Years Ago [Harriman Alaska Expedition, 1899]	440
* A Puebloan Warrior of Nambé, New Mexico, in Battle Array	442
¶ Apache Woman Carrying Water in a Wicker Bottle	444
Group of Eskimo, Port Clarence, Alaska [[Photographed by the Harriman Expedition, 1899]]	446
* Shell Spider Gorgets	447
¶ Black Hawk	448
Portion of the So-Called “Palace” of Labna, Yucatan [American Museum]	450
Musical Bow of the Southern Tepehuanes and the Aztecs, Mexico [American Museum]	451
¶ General Type of Chimmesyan, Haida, and Tlinkit Chief’s Costume, North-West Coast	452
* Perforated Discoidal Stone, Illinois	453
Hobobo, the Fire Katcina, in the Somaikoli Ceremony, Cichumovi, 1884 [From a drawing by the author]	454
Circle of Dancers in the Intervals between the Appearances of the Various Katcinas in the Moki Somaikoli Ceremony, Cichumovi, Arizona, 1884 [Photographed by the author]	455
Front of the House of Columns, Mitla, Oaxaca [American Museum]	457
A Costumed Human Figure from Tampico, Washington	459
Entrance of a Tomb at Culapa, Mexico	460
* Stick Used in the Awl Game	461
¶ Wooden Seal-Dish, Haida, North-West Coast	478
¶ The Swastika	488

* U. S. Bureau of Ethnology.
† Peabody Museum.
‡ Field Columbian Museum.
¶ U. S. National Museum.

The North-Americans of yesterday

About This Book

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS