LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
Teocalli of the Sun, Palenque, Yucatan Frontispiece
Moki Drawings of Stars iii
Moki Drawings of the Sun ix
† Gargoyle—Serpent Head
[From débris of temple, Copan]
 1
* South Portion of the Tewa Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico. Adobé Construction 3
† Seated Figure Carved in Trachyte
[From débris of hieroglyphic steps, Copan. Slightly larger than life size]
 5
* Kicking Bear, Sioux 7
A Corner of a Mitla Ruin, Mexico
[From Bandelier’s Archæological Tour, published by the Archæological Institute of America]
 9
† Sculpture from Terrace East of the Great Plaza, Copan 11
* A Kieskabi, or Covered Passage, at Walpi, Arizona 13
* Moki Mask of Pawikkatcina 15
† Specimen of Sculpture on Hieroglyphic Stairway, Copan 16
* Eskimo Jade Adze
[Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]
 17
† “Singing-Girl” Sculptured in Trachyte
[From débris of Temple 22, Copan. Slightly larger than life]
 19
* Terra-Cotta Stool, Chiriqui 20
Altar Q, Copan, Honduras
[From photograph by M. H. Saville. American Museum]
 21
South-West Corner of the Temple of Xochicalco, State of Morelos, Mexico
[Photographed by M. H. Saville for the American Museum of. Natural History]
 23
* Polished Black Ware, Santa Clara, New Mexico 27
Eastern Façade of the Temple of Xochicalco, State of Morelos, Mexico
[Photographed by M. H. Saville for the American Museum of Natural History]
 31
Amerind Linguistic Map of North America
[After the one prepared by the U. S. Bureau of Ethnology]
 33
* Fac-Simile of a Cherokee Manuscript
[Written in Sequoyah’s Syllabary]
 35
* Petroglyphs near Wrangell, Alaska, probably Tlinkit 37
* Human Forms, Moki 38
* Omaha War Club 39
* Painted Petroglyphs, Santa Barbara County, California 40
* Petroglyphs in Brown’s Cave, Wisconsin 41
* Painted Petroglyphs, Southern Utah 42
* Petroglyph at Millsboro, Pennsylvania 43
* Petroglyphs in Georgia 44
Runic Inscription on Stone Found at Igalikko, Greenland 45
* Dighton Rock, Massachusetts 45
Illustration of the “Walam Olum” of the Lenapé
[From Brinton]
 46
Katcinas in the Somaikoli Ceremony, Cichumovi, Arizona, November, 1884
[Photograph by the Author]
 47
* Killed Two Arikarees 48
* Petroglyphs on Paint Rock, North Carolina 49
Landa’s Maya Alphabet, after Brasseur
[From Bancroft’s Native Races]
 50
* Fac-Simile of the Lord’s Prayer in Micmac Hieroglyphs
[From Le Clercq]
 51
* Sequoyah’s Cherokee Syllabary 52
* Lean Wolf’s Map, Hidatsa 54
* The “Penn” Wampum Belt; * Strings of Wampum 55
* Orca or Killer-Whale Decoration, Haida 56
* Haida Tattooing 57
* Eskimo Drawing—“The Man in the Moon Comes Down” 58
* Eskimo Picture-Writing 59
* Specimens of the Dakota Winter Counts 60
* Killing a Bison 61
* Shell Disc, Tennessee 62
* Shell Gorget, Tennessee
[Actual size]
 64
Cup Markings 65
* Cup from Chiriqui 67
* Terra-Cotta from Chiriqui 68
Page from an Aztec Book
[From a copy in the possession of M. H. Saville]
 70
Mexican Writing of Name of Montezuma
[From Brinton]
 71
* Part of Plate 65, Dresden Codex
[Maya]
 72
† Vase from Labna, Yucatan, with Peculiar Markings 74
* Convex Discoidal Stone, North Carolina 75
† Female Head in Trachyte 79
Usual Type of Sculptured “Yokes,” Central America
[Field Columbian Museum]
 81
A Suggestion of the possible Scheme of Maya Numerals. Wholly Tentative
[From drawing by the Author]
 86
* Omaha Calumet 87
* Omaha War Club 88
* North-West Coast Feather Ornamentation on Baskets 89
* Eskimo Bag-Basket 89
* Moki Wicker Water-Jug 89
* Havasupai Clay-Lined Roasting Tray 90
* Iroquois Birchbark Vessel; * North-West Coast Basket 91
* McCloud River Basket, California 92
* Moki Food Basket; * Klamath Basket 93
* Moki Food Tray; * Moki Floor Mat 95
* Eskimo Whalebone Dish; * Clallam Basket, Washington 96
* Amerind Wicker-Work—Apache Basket; Pai Ute Water-Jug; Moki Food Tray; Klamath Basket 97
* Modelling an Olla at Hano
[Photograph by the Author]
 100
* Clay Nucleus 100
* Method of Building up Coil 100
* Ware from Moki Region, Arizona 102
* Cup from Arizona 103
* Vase from Arkansas, Showing Lines Made with a Sharp Point before Firing 103
* Bottle-Shaped Vase, Arkansas 105
* Earthenware Burial Casket, Tennessee 106
* Death-Mask Vase, Tennessee 107
* Fluted Vase, Arkansas 109
* Impression of Parts of Basket Mould on Pottery 109
* Vase from Chiriqui. Decorated in Black, Red, and Purple 111
An Ancient Figure of Terra Cotta from the Valley of Mexico
[From photograph by American Museum of Natural History]
 113
* Coil Indented for Decoration 114
Zapotecan Terra-Cotta Funeral Urns Found on Cement Floor in Front of Tomb 1, Mound 7, Xoxo, Oaxaca, Mexico
[Photographed by M. H. Saville for the American Museum of Natural History]
 115
* Pot Showing Diagonal Grooves across the Lines of the Coil Made by the Hand in Smoothing up. Mancos Canyon, Colorado 116
Zapotecan Terra-Cotta Tubing Found Leading down into a Field from the Centre of Mound 7, Xoxo, Oaxaca, Mexico
[Photographed by M. H. Saville for the American Museum of Natural History]
 117
* Pueblo Pot. Pattern Produced by Obliterating Pinch Marks 118
* Pinch-Marked Coil 119
* Engraved Ware, Arkansas 120
* Engraved Ware, Arkansas 121
Black Cup, Chiriqui 122
* Woven Moccasin from Kentucky Cave 123
* Menominee Beaded Garters 125
* Navajo Woman at the Loom 127
Part of the Somaikoli Ceremony at Cichumovi, November, 1884, Showing a Sacred Blanket on Figure in Foreground
[From photograph by the Author]
 129
* Details of Navajo Loom Construction 131
* A Puebloan of San Juan, New Mexico 135
* Method of Making Feather-Work 137
* Chilkat Ceremonial Shirt 139
* Chilkat Ceremonial Blanket 142
* Moki Wall Decoration. Pink on a White Ground. Mishongnuvi, Arizona 144
* Bellacoolas 145
* Top View of Conical North-West Coast Hat 146
Wonsivu, a Pai Ute Girl
[Posed by Thomas Moran]
 147
A Navajo Leader in Native Costume
[Figure from photograph by the U. S. Bureau of Ethnology]
 148
* Interior of a Moki House, Arizona 149
* Pueblo Head Mat 151
* Navajos 152
* Seminole Man’s and Woman’s Costume 154
* Ear-Perforating and Hair-Dressing of Seminoles 155
* The Ghost-Shirt, Simple Form 157
* Eskimo Boots
[Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]
 158
* Rain Hat, Haida 160
* Toucan of Squier and Davis, Really a Crow 161
Deserted Village near Cape Fox, Alaska
[Photographed by the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 1899]
 162
Interior House-Column
[Sketch by Author from post at Cape Fox Village, Alaska]
 162
Major Part of Interior House-Post from Cape Fox Village, S. E. Alaska 163
Totem Pole with Bear on the Top, Wrangell
[Sketch by the Author]
 164
* Terra-Cotta Statuette, Chiriqui 165
* The Bear-Mother, Haida, N. W. Coast 165
* Wooden Masks, N. W. Coast 166
* Kwakiutl Carving, N. W. Coast 167
* Eskimo Carved Ivory Drum-Handles 168
* Specimen of Moundbuilder Sculptural Skill with Human Figure 170
* Stone Pipe from North Carolina Mound 171
* So-Called Elephant Pipe, Iowa 172
* Toucan of Squier and Davis, possibly Meant for a Young Eagle 172
* Tripod Vase, Chiriqui. Legs Modelled to Imitate Fish 173
* Shell Gorget, Missouri 175
* Bird-Shaped Earthen Bowl, Arkansas 176
* Shell Mask, Virginia 177
Moki Sculptural Skill with the Human Figure 178
The Alosaka (Moki)
[After drawing by A. M. Stephen]
 179
* Sculptural Art of Chiriqui 179
* Shell Gorget, Tennessee 180
The Aztec “Calendar” Stone
[From Bandelier’s Archæological Tour]
 182
Aztec Sculpture, the Indio Triste
[From Bandelier’s Archæological Tour]
 183
Sanctuary Tablet Temple (Teocalli) of the Sun, Palenque
[Field Columbian Museum]
 185
† “Altar” in Front of Stela D, Copan 186
† Stela No. 6, Copan; Back of Stela No. 6 187
* Puma-Shaped Stool of Grey Andesite, Chiriqui 188
† Head Sculptured in Stone. Chultunes of Labna, Yucatan 189
Large Built-up Head at Izamal
[From Stephens]
 191
* Stool of Grey Basalt, Chiriqui 192
* Copper Bell from Tennessee 193
* Pueblo Mealing Stones 194
Pai Ute Wikiups, Northern Arizona
[From photograph by Colorado River Expedition, 1872]
 195
* Moki Kisi Construction 196
* Primitive Amerind Ladders 197
* A Navajo House 198
* A Sweat House 199
* An Omaha Tipi 201
* A Seminole Dwelling 203
* Mississippi Valley Method of Using Jacal Construction, according to Thomas 206
* Cliff Outlook, Canyon del Muerto, Arizona 207
Hall of Columns, Mitla
[Field Columbian Museum]
 209
Transverse Section (somewhat Generalised) Showing Construction of Palenque Buildings, Yucatan
[Field Columbian Museum]
 210
* Some Details of Pueblo House Architecture—A Triangular Sipapu or Sacred Kiva Orifice; Moki Doorway with Transom; Pueblo Roof Construction; Some Moki Roof Drains 211
* Moki Notched Doorway, so Made that Large Bundles could be Taken in 213
A Zuñi Chimney, Moki the Same 215
One Form of Moki Chimney Hood 215
* Ground Plan of Eskimo Snow Iglu 217
* Section of Snow Iglu 218
* An Alaska Eskimo Winter House, Point Barrow 219
* Interior Ground Plan of a Moki House 220
* An Alaska Eskimo Winter House of Wood and Earth, Point Barrow 221
* Interior of Wood and Earth Iglu 221
* Stone Steps at Oraibi 222
* Cliff-Dwelling, Eastern Cove of Mummy Cave, Canyon de Chelly, Arizona 223
Houses in Walpi, One of the Moki Towns, Arizona
[Photograph by U. S. Geological Survey]
 224
* General View of a Group of Cavate Lodges, Arizona 225
* Plan and Sections of a Cavate Lodge 227
* Diagram Showing Pocket at Back of some Cavate Lodges 228
‡ Theoretic Roof Construction of Mitla 230
* Ground Plan of a Kiva and Ceiling Plan of Another 231
Chaco Ruins Masonry; Chaco Ruins, Ground Plans
[From Report of Hayden Expedition]
 232
* Ruin Called Casa Grande, Arizona 233
‡ Transverse Section of an Ordinary Yucatec Building 235
‡ Forms of the Maya Corbel Vault 237
‡ Ground Plans of Yucatec Buildings 238
Kwakiutl House Front 239
North-West Coast Houses and Totem Poles 241
‡ Ruin of East Façade and Iglesia, “Palace,” Chichen-Itza, Yucatan 243
Elevation of Kwakiutl House 244
* View in the Moki Town of Mishongnavi, Arizona 245
* Eskimo Horn Dipper
[Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]
 247
* Horn Arrow Straightener 248
* Modern Iron Arrow-Heads of the Omahas 248
* Forms of the Bow 249
Pai Ute Palm-Drill
[Drawn by the Author]
 250
The Palm-Drill (Fire-Making); The Pump-Drill (Fire-Making) 251
* Eskimo String-Drill (For Fire-Making with Mouthpiece) 251
* Pueblo Pump-Drill (For Boring) 251
* Drill-Point of Chipped Flint 251
Set of Fire-Making Tools, Bristol Bay Eskimo, Alaska 253
* Eskimo Bow-Drill 254
Modern Rod Armour of the Klamaths, Oregon 255
Hupa Rod Armour, California 255
Eskimo Plate Armour, Diomede Island, Bering Strait 257
Tlinkit Skin Armour, Alaska 258
Prehistoric Aleutian Rod Armour 259
* Chipped Flint; Chipped Flint Blunt Arrow-Head, Georgia; Chipped Flint Implement, Tennessee; Specimen “Cores,” or Blocks of Flint; Specimen of Chipped Flint Discs, called “Turtleback,” Mississippi Valley; Grooved Stone Axe, Tennessee (Ground)
[Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]
 261
* Diagram Explaining Terms to be Used in Describing Stone Weapons 263
Tlinkit Slat-and-Rod Armour, Alaska, Front View 265
* Apache War-Bonnet
[Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]
 266
* Eskimo Throwing-Boards for Darts 268
* Eskimo Bird Bolas 268
* Amerindian Knives 269
* Moki Throwing-Stick, or Putchkohu; Pueblo Planting Stick; Zuñi Wooden Spade 270
A Moki Throwing the Putchkohu
[From a drawing by the Author]
 271
* Shell Spoon, Mississippi Valley 273
* Pueblo Mountain Sheep-Horn Spoon 274
* Menominee Wooden Mortar and Pestle 274
* Stone House-Lamp, Point Barrow, Alaska 275
* Eskimo Sledges 277
* Central Eskimo Dog Harness 278
Enclosed Canadian Toboggan or Travelling Sled 279
* Eskimo Snow-Shoe, Point Barrow, Alaska 280
Canoes of the North-West Coast 281
* Umiak of the Central Eskimo 282
* Eskimo Kayaks 283
* Method of Attaching Oars to Umiak 284
* Method of Tying Frame of Kayak 284
* Thin Plate of Copper Wrought by Repoussé Method, Illinois Mound 285
* Amerindian Method of Mining Steatite for Utensils 287
* Chipped Spade
[Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]
 289
* Eskimo Stone Maul
[Drawn by Mary Wright Gill]
 290
* Small Figure of Frog in Base Metal, Plated with Gold, Chiriqui 292
Coppers from the North-West Coast; Painted Design in Black Representing a Sea Monster with Bear’s Head; Painted Design Representing a Hawk
[U. S. National Museum]
 293
* Hollow Silver Beads of Navajo Make, Arizona 294
* Navajo Silver Work, Arizona; Engraved Button; Bracelet 295
Kwakiutl Chief Holding his Copper, North-West Coast 297
* Triple Bell or Rattle of Gold from near Panama 302
* Bronze Mexican Bell 302
* Bronze Bells, Plated or Washed with Gold, Chiriqui 304
* Small Metal Figure, Chiriqui 306
* Silver Plate with Spanish Coat of Arms 307
* Moki Rattle of Animal Hoofs 308
* Amerindian Rattles; Gourd, ; Earthenware Rattlee from Chiriqui; Tin, Ojibwa 309
* Omaha Large Flute 310
* Drum of Terra-Cotta, Chiriqui 312
* Menominee Tambourine Drum 313
* Omaha Box Drum 314
Set of Playing Sticks 315
* Pueblo Rattles—Turtle Shell with Hoofs of Goats or Sheep, Fastened to the Rear of the Right Leg near the Knee in Dancing; Painted Gourd with Wood Handle 317
* Zuñi Dance Ornament; * Moki Notched Stick; Kwakiutl Double Whistle, with Four Voices 319
The Awl Game 320
Amerind Gambling Tools—Set of Bone Dice, Arapaho; Set of Counting Sticks, Blackfeet; Set of Plum Stones, Arikaree 322
* Terra-Cotta Rattle from Chiriqui 325
* Cat-Shaped Whistle of Terra-Cotta, Chiriqui 327
Mandan Game of Tchungkee 328
* Double Whistle in Terra-Cotta from Chiriqui 330
Set of Staves for Game 331
* “Banner-Stone,” Tennessee 332
* So-Called Elephant Mound, Wisconsin 334
* Ancient Fabric Design, from Impression on Pottery, Utah 335
* Ancient Fabric, Preserved by Copper Celt, Iowa 336
* Large Mound of the Etowah Group, Georgia 337
A Votive Adz of Jadite from Mexico, Showing Front and Side
[American Museum, Kunz Collection]
 339
Back of Votive Adz
[American Museum]
 341
* Patterns of Ancient Fabrics from Pottery; from New York; from Illinois; from Tennessee 344
* Eskimo Mechanical Toy 345
Máhtotóhpa (The Four Bears), a Mandan Chief 347
An Onyx Jar from Mexico in Process of Manufacture
[American Museum]
 349
Wooden Food Bowl, Haida 351
* Dancing Mask of the Makahs, Washington 352
Moki Wicker Cradle with Awning; Carrying Basket of the Arikarees 353
Tlinkit Man and Woman Thirty Years Ago, or about 1870 355
A Pawnee in Battle Array
[Photographed by J. K. Hillers, U. S. Geological Survey]
 357
The Kwakiutl Wolf Dance, called Wālasaxa, North-West Coast 359
Ute Woman Carrying Child 361
Keokuk, a Sauk Chief 362
Shrine of the War-Gods, Twin Mountain, Pueblo of Zuñi, New Mexico 365
A Costume of a Hāmatsa in the Kwakiutl Cannibalistic Ceremony, where Slaves and Corpses were Formerly Devoured 367
Mexican Operating the Palm Drill for Fire 368
Zuñi Woman Carrying Water 369
Ute Cradle, Frame of Rods Covered with Buckskin 372
Eskimo Woman of Point Barrow Carrying Child; * Apache Woman Carrying Child 374
* Moki “Snake dance” at Walpi 376
* Amerindian Picture-Writing 377
* Beginning of the Moki “Snake Dance” at Walpi 378
Horned Rattlesnake, Crotalus Cerastes 380
The Okeepa Ceremony of the Mandans, Lasting Four Days 382
* The Sacred Pole of the Omaha 383
Cruciform Stone Tomb, Oaxaca
[American Museum]
 384
Ground Plan of Cruciform Tomb, Oaxaca 385
* Amerindian Art 387
Moki Earthen Canteen, Arizona 388
Modern Laced Sandal of Leather from Colima, Mexico 389
* Eskimo Pipe with Stone Bowl 390
Teocalli (Temple) of Tepoztlan, State of Morelos, Mexico
[Monumental Records]
 391
Kwakiutl Wood-Carving of the Sīsul North-West Coast 392
Rushing Eagle, 1872 394
* Fine Cloth Preserved by Copper Beads 395
* Ancient Fabric-Marked Potsherds, with Clay Casts by Holmes 398
Ehtohkpahshepeeshah, the Black Moccasin, Chief of the Minatarees, over One Hundred Years Old 400
Lacandon (Mayan) Amerind from Chocolhao, Yucatan
[Photographed by M. H. Saville]
 402
One of the Buildings of the Palenque Group
[Photographed by M. H. Saville]
 404
Costume Worn in the Kwakiutl Festivals, called Laōlaxa, North-West Coast 406
God-Houses of the Huichols at Teakáta, near Santa Catarina, State of Jalisco, Mexico
[American Museum]
 409
* Eskimo Mask of Wood, Prince William Sound, Alaska 410
Plenty-Horses, a Cheyenne
[U. S. Geological Survey]
 413
North-West Coast Basketry Hats 415
North-West Coast Mortuary and Commemorative Columns 417
Ancient Puebloan Moccasins of Fibre, Arizona 422
Chimmesyan Head-dress Representing the White Owl 426
Wooden “Seal” Dish, Haida 428
Tlinkit Summer Camp
[Photographed by the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 1899]
 429
Eskimo Summer Camp, Port Clarence
[Photographed by the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 1899]
 431
* Wooden Snow Goggles of the Central Eskimo 433
Principal Known Ruins of Central America
[American Museum]
 436
* Necklace of Dried Human Fingers Obtained on Battlefield of Wounded Knee by Captain Bourke 437
Principal Known Ruins of Mexico
[American Museum]
 438
Probable Aspect of Alaska Summer Landscape some Six Hundred Years Ago
[Harriman Alaska Expedition, 1899]
 440
* A Puebloan Warrior of Nambé, New Mexico, in Battle Array 442
Apache Woman Carrying Water in a Wicker Bottle 444
Group of Eskimo, Port Clarence, Alaska
[[Photographed by the Harriman Expedition, 1899]]
 446
* Shell Spider Gorgets 447
Black Hawk 448
Portion of the So-Called “Palace” of Labna, Yucatan
[American Museum]
 450
Musical Bow of the Southern Tepehuanes and the Aztecs, Mexico
[American Museum]
 451
General Type of Chimmesyan, Haida, and Tlinkit Chief’s Costume, North-West Coast 452
* Perforated Discoidal Stone, Illinois 453
Hobobo, the Fire Katcina, in the Somaikoli Ceremony, Cichumovi, 1884
[From a drawing by the author]
 454
Circle of Dancers in the Intervals between the Appearances of the Various Katcinas in the Moki Somaikoli Ceremony, Cichumovi, Arizona, 1884
[Photographed by the author]
 455
Front of the House of Columns, Mitla, Oaxaca
[American Museum]
 457
A Costumed Human Figure from Tampico, Washington 459
Entrance of a Tomb at Culapa, Mexico 460
* Stick Used in the Awl Game 461
Wooden Seal-Dish, Haida, North-West Coast 478
The Swastika 488