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The Sanskrit drama

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About This Book

A scholarly study traces the origins, development, theory, and practice of classical Indian drama written in Sanskrit and Prākrit, examining ritual and Vedic antecedents, the Nāṭyaśāstra’s account of divine origin, and debates prompted by newly discovered early fragments. It analyzes major dramatists and representative plays through the first millennium, outlines technical principles of poetics and stagecraft—such as rasa, characterization, metre, and performance conventions—and distinguishes theoretical prescriptions from later imitative works. The author confines discussion to literary-dramatic traditions, omitting vernacular theatre, and emphasizes how textual confusion in sources complicates but also illuminates understanding of classical dramatic art.

[Contents]

P

Pañcarātra (ed., with trans. by W. G. Urdhwareshe, Indore, 1920), by Bhāsa, 94, 110, 112, 119, 122, 123, 335, 344, n. 2, 346.

Paṭī, curtain, 61, 389.

Patākā, episode, 297;
subjunctures of, 290.

Patākāsthānaka, pro-episode, 303, 304.

Padas, number of, in prologue, 344.

Padhānasutta, alleged dramatic character of, 43, n. 1.

Pabbajjāsutta, alleged dramatic character of, 43, n. 1.

Parivartaka, change of action, 327.

Paruṣā, style, 333.

Palinata, in Açvaghoṣa for pariṇata, 87.

Pāñcālī, (puppet) from Pañcāla, 53.

Pāṭhakas, repeaters of epic passages, 29.

Pāṇḍavānanda, 224.

Pāṇḍavābhyudaya, by Vyāsa Çrīrāmadeva, 270.

Pātra, character, 310.

Pādavākyapramāṇajña, sense of, 186.

Pāripārçvika, attendant, 85, 340.

Pārthaparākrama, by Prahlādana, 83, n. 1, 247, 264, 265, 341, n. 1.

Pārvatīpariṇaya, by Vāmana Bhaṭṭa Bāṇa, 221, 239, 247, 300.

Pīṭhamarda, companion of the hero, 308, 334, 351.

Pīṭhamardikā, confidante of the heroine, 308.

Puttalī, Puttalikā, puppet, 53.

Putraka, puppet, 269.

Putrikā, puppet, 53.

Pupphā, in Açvaghoṣa, 87.

Puruva, in Bhāsa for pūrva, 122.

Purusa, in Bhāsa, 122.

Puṣpagaṇḍikā, a kind of song, 338.

Puṣpadūṣitaka, a Prakaraṇa, 225, 346.

Puṣpabhūṣita, a Prakaraṇa, 225, 346.

Puṣpitāgrā, 123, 142, 166, 203, 212, 219.

Pusta, stage properties, 365.

Pūrvaran̄ga, preliminaries of drama, 292, 341, 342.

Pṛthivī, in the Uttararāmacarita, 192.

Pṛthvī, metre, 123, 167, 181, 203, 238.

Pekkhā, spectacle, 43.

Paiçācī, a Prākrit, 102, 287, 335, 336.

Prakaraṇa, a type of drama, 82, 102, 187, 225, 248, 257–61, 264, 280, 296, 306, 345, 346, 353.

Prakaraṇikā, a type of drama, 349, n. 4, 350.

Prakarī, incident, 297.

Prakhyāta, traditional (plot), 296.

Pragalbhā, bold (heroine), 308.

Pracaṇḍapāṇḍava, see Bālabhārata.

Pracchedaka, a kind of song, 338.

Pratāpa, valour, as a character, 254.

Pratāparudrakalyāṇa, by Vidyānātha, 248.

Pratāparudrīya, by Vidyānātha, 293.

Pratijñāyaugandharāyaṇa, by Bhāsa, 93, 94, 95, 108, 110, 113, 114, 118, 119, 122, 130, 185, n. 2, 335, n. 3, 371, n. 2.

Pratināyaka, the enemy of the hero, 307, 308.

Pratimānāṭaka, by Bhāsa, 94, 100, 101, 105, 117, 124, 125.

Pratimukha, second juncture, 298, 299.

Pratisīrā, curtain, 359.

Pratīgṛhīta, irregular form in Açvaghoṣa, 86.

Pratīti, apprehension of sentiment, 317.

Pratīhārī, door-keeper, 313.

Pratyāyati, irregular form in Bhāsa, 121.

Prathamakalpa, misunderstood term, 112, n. 2.

Pratyāhāra, beat of drum to begin performance, 339.

Pradyumnābhyudaya, by Ravivarman, 247, 344.

Pradveṣam, Buddhist irregularity for pradoṣam, 86.

Prapañca, comic dialogue, 328.

Prabuddharauhiṇeya, by Rāmabhadra Muni, 259, 260.

Prabodha, knowledge, as a character, 251.

Prabodhacandrodaya, by Kṛṣṇamiçra, 55, 84, 112, 243, 251–3, 286, 325, n. 1, 344.

Prayatna, second stage of development of drama, 297.

Prayogātiçaya, form of prologue, 340.

Prarocanā, part of preliminaries, 328, 340, 341, 343;
pronounced behind the scenes, 351.

Pravṛttaka, form of prologue, 340.

Praveçaka, introductory scene, 110, 301, 302.

Prasannarāghava, by Jayadeva, 109, 151, 226, 244–6, 271.

Prasāda, clearness, 331.

Prastāvanā, prologue, 111, 328, 340.

Prasthāna, a form of drama, 351.

Praharṣiṇī, metre, 167, 181, 203, 212, 219. [400]

Prahasana, farce, 182–5, 260–3, 280, 296, 309, 348.

Prācyā, a Prākrit, 88, 141, 336.

Prāḍvivāka, judge, 312.

Prāptyāçā, third stage of development of drama, 297.

Prāçnika, critic, 370.

Prāsan̄gika, incidental (action), 297.

Priyadarçikā, by Harṣa, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175, 303, 325, 328, 340, 350, 362, 364, 369.

Prekṣaka, spectator, 369, 370.

Prekṣaṇa, a form of drama, 351.

Prekṣaṇaka, a form of drama, 268.

Pren̄khaṇa, a form of drama, 351.

Proṣitapriyā, type of heroine, 309.

Prauḍhatva, of style, claimed by Bhavabhūti, 196.