An asterisk (*) marks a book or periodical of especial importance.
Antin, The Promised Land, Boston and New York, 1912.
Atlas, Mah Lefanim u-mah Leaher, Warsaw, 1898.
Baskerville, The Polish Jew, New York, 1906.
Ben Sion, Yevreyi Reformatory, St. Petersburg, 1882.
Bentwich, The Progress of Zionism, New York, 1899.
Bernfeld, Dor Tahapukot, Warsaw, 1897.
Bershadsky, Zhurnal Ministerstva Narodnaho Prosvyeshchaniya, St. Petersburg, 1912.
Bersohn, Tobiasz Cohn, Warsaw, 1872.
Blaustein, Memoirs, New York, 1813, pt. I.
*Brafmann, Kniga Kahala, Vilna, 1869.
*Brainin, Perez ben Moses Smolenskin, Warsaw, 1896.
*Bramson, K Istorii Pervonachalnaho Obrazovaniya Russkikh Yevreyev, St. Petersburg, 1896.
*Buchholtz, Geschichte der Juden in Riga, Riga, 1899.
Chwolson, Die Blutanklage, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1901.
Cohan, Rabbi Yisraël Ba'al Shem Tob, 1900.
Cohn, Ma'aseh Tobiah, Venice, 1707.
*Czacki, Rosprava o Zhydakh, Vilna, 1807.
Delitzsch, Zur Geschichte der jüdischen Poesie, Leipsic, 1836.
*[Dick], Ha-Oreah, Königsberg, 1860.
*D[ick], Yiddishe Kleider Umwechslung, Vilna, 1844.
*Dob Bär, Shibhe ha-Besht, Berdichev, 1815.
Duprey, Great Masters of Russian Literature (Engl. transl.), New York, 1886.
Edelman, Gedulat Shaül, London, 1854.
*Elk, Die jüdischen Kolonien in Russland, Frankfort on-the-Main, 1886.
Emden, Megillat Sefer, ed. Cohan, Warsaw, 1896.
Epstein, Geburat ha-Ari, Vilna, 1870.
*Errera, Les juifs russes, Brussels, 1893.
Erter, Ha-Zofeh le-Bet Yisraël, Warsaw, 1890.
Ezekiel Feivel, Toledot Adam, Warsaw, 1854.
Firkovich, Abne Zikkaron, Vilna, 1872.
Fishberg, The Jews: A Study of Race and Environment, New York, 1911.
*Frederick, The New Exodus, London, 1892.
Friedländer, An die Verehrer, Freunde, und Schüler, etc., Leipsic, 1823.
*Frledländer, Ueber die Verbesserung der Israeliten im Königreich Polen, Berlin, 1819.
Friedrichsfeld, Zeker Zaddik, Amsterdam, 1809.
*Fünn, Keneset Yisraël, Warsaw, 1860.
*Fünn, Kiryah Ne'emanah, Vilna, 1860.
Fünn, Safah le-Ne'emanim, Vilna, 1881.
Fünn, Sofre Yisraël, Vilna, 1891.
Geiger, Melo Hofnayim, Berlin, 1840.
Gershuni, Mein Entrinung vun Katorga, New York, 1907.
Gershuni, Sketches of Jewish Life and History, New York, 1873.
Ger Zedek, Yevreyskaya Biblyotyeka, St. Petersburg, 1892.
*Ginzberg and Marek, Yevreyskiya Narodniya Pyesni, St. Petersburg, 1901.
*Glückel von Hameln, Zikronot, ed. Cohan, 1896.
Gordon, Ha-Azamot ha-Yebashot, Odessa, 1899.
*Gordon, Iggerot, Warsaw, 1894.
Gordon, Kol Shire YeLeG, Vilna, 1898.
*Gottlober, Ha-Gizrah we-ha-Binyah, in Ha-Boker Or, iv.
Gottlober, Za'ar Ba'ale Hayyim, Zhitomir, 1868.
Gottlober, Zikronot mi-Yeme Ne'uraï, Warsaw, 1800.
Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, Leipsic, 1866-1882, 11 vols. (also in Hebrew, Dibre Yeme Yisraël, Warsaw, 1905).
Greenstone, The Messiah Idea in Jewish History, Philadelphia, 1906.
*Güdemann, Geschichte des Erziehunghswesens und der Cultur der abendländischen Juden, Vienna, 1880 and 1884.
Güdemann, Quellen zur Geschichte des Unterrichts, Berlin, 1891.
*Günzburg, Abi'ezer, Vilna, 1863.
*Günzburg, Ha-Debir, Warsaw, 1883.
Günzburg, Ha-Moriah, Warsaw, 1878 ("Kikayon Yonah").
Günzburg, Kiryat Sefer, Vilna, 1835.
Günzburg, Maggid Emet, Leipsic, 1843.
*Halevi, Kuzari, Introduction.
*Hannover, Yeven Mezulah, Warsaw, 1872.
*Harkavy, Ha-Yehudim u-Sefat ha-Selavim, Vilna, 1867.
*Harkavy, Russ i Russkiye v Srednikh Yevropeyskaya Literatura, Voskhod, 1881.
Horowitz, Derek 'Ez ha-Hayyim, Cracow, 1895.
*Houzner, I.B. Levinsohn (Russian), Odessa, 1862.
Hurwitz, 'Ammude Bet Yehudah, 1765.
Hurwitz, Hekal 'Oneg, Grodno, 1797.
Hurwitz (Phinehas Elijah), Sefer ha-Berit, Brünn, 1897.
Ilye, Alfe Menasheh, Vilna, 1827.
Ilye, Pesher Dabar, Vilna, 1807.
Izgur, Shalosh Tekufot, Niezhin, 1898.
*Jastrow, Beleuchtungen, etc., Hamburg, 1859.
*Jewish Encyclopedia, 12 vols., New York, 1901-1906.
Jost, Culturgeschichte, Berlin, 1847.
Jost, Freimüthige Beleuchtung, Berlin, 1830.
Kahan, Beërot Nishbarim, St. Petersburg, 1879.
Kahan, Meahore ha-Pargud, St. Petersburg, 1886.
Katz, Le-Korot ha-Yehudim be-Russyah, Polin, we-Lita, Berlin, 1889.
Katz, Toledot Haskalat ha-Yehudim be-Russyah, Ha-Zeman, St. Petersburg, 1903.
Klausner, Novo Yevreyskaya Literatura, Warsaw, 1900.
Kohen, Megillah 'Afah, in Aben Virga, Shebet Yehudah, ed. Wiener, Hanover, 1856.
Kohn, Hut ha-Meshullash, Odessa, 1874.
Kovner, Heker Dabar, Warsaw, 1865.
Kovner, Zevov Perahim, Odessa, 1868.
Kunz, Die Philosophie Salomon Maimons, Heidelberg, 1912.
Lapin, Keset ha-Sofer, Berlin, 1857.
Lebensohn, Emet we-Emunah, Vilna, 1867, 1870.
Lebensohn, Kiryat Soferim, Vilna, 1847.
Leket Amarim, supplement to Ha-Meliz, St. Petersburg, 1887.
*Lerner, Yevreyi v Novorossiskom Kraye, Odessa, 1901.
Levanda, Ocherki Proshlaho, St. Petersburg, 1876.
*Levin, Aliyat Eliyahu, Vilna, 1856.
*Levinsohn, Bet Yehudah, Warsaw, 1901.
*Levinsohn, Te'udah be-Yisraël, Warsaw, 1901.
Lilienblum, Derek La'abor Golim, Warsaw, 1899.
Lilienblum, Derek Teshubah, Warsaw, 1899.
*Lilienblum, Hattot Ne'urim, Vienna, 1876.
*Lilienblum, Kehal Refaïm, Odessa, 1870.
*Lilienblum, 'Olam ha-Tohu, in Ha-Shahar, 1873.
Lilienblum, Orhot ha-Talmud, in Ha-Meliz, 1868.
*Lilienthal, Maggid Yeshu'ah, Vilna, 1842.
Lilienthal, Meine Reisen in Russland, Jüdisches Volksblatt, 1856.
*Lilienthal, My Travels in Russia, American Israelite, 1854.
Lilienthal, Rede, Riga, 1840.
Lilienthal, Sketches of Jewish Life in Russia, The Occident, v.
Linetzky, Dos Polische Yingel, Lemberg, 1880.
*Loewe, Diaries of Sir Moses and Lady Montefiore, London, 1890.
*London, Unter jüdischen Proletariern, 1898.
Lubarsky and Lewin-Epstein, Derek Hayyim, New York, 1905.
*Lubliner, De la condition politique... dans le royaume de Pologne, Brussels, 1860.
*Maggid, Toledot Mishpehot Ginzberg, St. Petersburg, 1899.
*Maimon, Autobiographic, Berlin, 1793; Engl. transl., Boston, 1888; Heb. transl., Warsaw, 1899.
*Malishevsky, Yevreyi v Yuzhnoy Rossii i Kieve v. x-xii. Vyekakh, St. Petersburg, 1878.
Mandelkern, Dibre Yeme Russyah, Warsaw, 1875.
*Mandelstamm, Hazon la-Moëd, Vienna, 1877.
Mann, Sheërit Yisrael, Vilna, 1818.
*Mapu, 'Ayit Zabua' Warsaw, 1873.
Margolioth, Bet Middot, Prague, 1786.
Minor, Rukovodstvo, Moscow, 1881.
*Morgulis, Voprosi Yevreyskoy Zhizni, St. Petersburg, 1889.
Nathanson, Sefat Emet, Warsaw, 1887.
*Nathanson, Sefer ha-Zikronot, Warsaw, 1878.
Nusbaum, Historiya Zhidóv, Warsaw, 1888-1890, 5 vols.
Orshansky, Yevreyskaya Biblyotyeka, ii.
Paperna, Ha-Derammah, Odessa, 1867.
*Persecution of the Jews in Russia, Philadelphia, 1891.
Pinsker, Auto-Emancipation, Berlin, 1882.
Pinsker, Likkute Kadmoniot, Vilna, 1860.
Plungian, Ben Porat, Vilna, 1858.
*Polonnoy, Toledot Ya'akob Yosef, Lemberg, 1856.
Prelooker, Heroes and Heroines of Russia, London.
*Prelooker, Under the Czar and Queen Victoria, London.
Rabinovitz, Ma'amar 'al ha-Defosat ha-Talmud, Munich, 1876.
Rhine, Leon Gordon. An Appreciation, Philadelphia, 1910.
Rodkinson, Toledot 'Ammude HaBaD, Königsberg, 1876.
Rosensohn, 'Ezah we-Tushiah, Vilna, 1870.
Rosensohn, Shelom Ahim, Vilna, 1870.
*Rosenthal, Toledot Hebrat Marbe Haskalah, i., St. Petersburg, 1885; ii., ibid., 1890.
*Rubinow, Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, No. 72, Washington, Sept., 1907.
*San Donato, The Jewish Question, St. Petersburg, 1883.
Sbornik of the Ministry of Education, in., St. Petersburg.
Schechter, Studies in Judaism, i., Philadelphia, 1896; ii., ibid., 1908.
*Scholz, Die Juden in Russland, Berlin, 1900.
*Seiberling, Gegen Brafmann's Buch des Kahals, Vienna, 1881.
Shatzkes, Ha-Mafteah, Warsaw, 1866-1869.
*Shereshevsky, O Knigie Kahala, St. Petersburg, 1872.
Silber, Elijah Gaon, New York, 1906.
Slouschz, La renaissance de la littérature hébraïque, Paris, 1903. Heb., Warsaw, 1906; Engl. transl., Philadelphia, 1909.
*Smolenskin, Ha-Toëh be-Darke ha-Hayyim, Vienna, 1876, 4 vols.
Smolenskin, Keburat Hamor, ibid., 1874.
Sokolov, Sinat 'Olam le-'Am 'Olam, Warsaw, 1882.
*Steinschneider, 'Ir Vilna, Vilna, 1900.
Sternberg, Die Proselyten in Polen im xvi und xvii Jahrhundert, AZJ, 1863, pp. 67-68; L'univers Israélite, 1863, pp. 272-273.
*Tarnopol, Réflexions sur l'état des israélites russes, Odessa, 1871.
Troki, Hizzuk Emunah, Leipsic, 1857.
*Urussov, Memoirs of a Russian Governor, Engl. transl., New York, 1908.
Weiss, Zikronotaï, Warsaw, 1895.
Weissberg, Aufklärungsliteratur, Vienna, 1898.
Weissberg, Le-Toledot ha-Sifrut ha-'Ibrit ha-Hadashah be-Polin we-Russyah, Mi-Mizrah u-mi-Ma'arab, Berlin, 1895.
*Wengeroff, Memoiren einer Grossmutter, i., Berlin, 1908.
Wessely, Dibre Shalom we-Emet, Berlin, 1782.
Wiener, The History of Yiddish Literature, New York, 1899.
*Wolf, Maimoniana, Berlin, 1813.
Wolkonsky, Pictures of Russian Life and Literature, Boston, 1897.
Yevrey Minister, Voskhod, 1885, v.
Yevreyskaya Enziklopedya, St. Petersburg, 14 vols.
Zablotzky and Massel, Ha-Yizhari, Manchester, 1895.
*Zederbaum, 'Ayin Zofiyah, Warsaw, 1877.
Zederbaum, Keter Kehunnah, Odessa, 1868.
Zederbaum, Kohelet, St. Petersburg, 1881.
*Zunser, Biography, Yiddish (and Engl. transl.), New York, 1905.
*Zunz, Aelteste Nachrichten über Juden und jüdische Gelehrte in Polen, Slavonien, Russland. Gesammelte Schriften, Berlin, 1875, iii. 82-87.
Zweifel, Sanegor, Warsaw, 1894.
*Zweifel, Shalom 'al Yisraël, Zhitomir, 1868-1872, 4 vols.
Abele, Abraham, Talmudist, 164, 199.
Abi'ezer, by Günzburg, 220.
Abraham, son of Elijah Gaon, 119.
Abramovich, Andrey, statesman, 22.
Abramovitsch, Solomon Jacob, novelist, 203.
Adelsohn, Wolf, "the Hebrew Diogenes," 200.
Aguilar, Grace, on Russo-Jewish misery, 154.
Ahiasaf Society, 296-297.
Aleksey (Abraham), proselyte-priest, 25.
Alexander I, during his period of tolerance, 111-113;
during his period of intolerance, 127-138, 140, 144, 163, 170, 192, 201, 249, 251, 253.
Alexander II, referred to, 11, 79, 261;
reign of reforms, 222-226;
favorable attitude towards Jews, 224-225, 229-231;
the Narodniki, 236;
change of policy, 248-255;
plotted against and assassinated, 255-258.
Alexander III, referred to, 80, 255;
restrictions, 268-270;
pogroms, 269;
"May Laws," 270-273;
Jews excluded from schools by, 273-275.
Alexander Jagellon and the Jews, 21.
Allgemeine jüdische Arbeiterbund, Der, in Littauen, Polen, und
Russland, 293.
Alliance Israélite Universelle, programme of, 236;
criticism of, 285-286.
Altaras, Jacques Isaac, philanthropist, 157.
America. See United States,
the.
'Am 'Olam Society, 283.
Amsterdam, referred to, 22;
a place of refuge for Russo-Polish proselytes, 27;
elects Russo-Jewish rabbis, 33-34;
place of study, 81, 93, 109, 126, 165.
Antokolsky, Mark, sculptor, 241.
Anton, Carl, author, 64.
Apostol, Cossack hetman, 57.
Apotheker, Abraham Ashkenazi, author, 40.
Arbeiterstimme, Die, 293.
Aristotle, 50, 216,
297.
Ascension of Elijah, 134.
Ashkenazi, Meïr, envoy of the Khan of the Tatars, 23.
Ashkenazi, Meïr, rabbinical author, quoted, 31, 33.
Ashkenazi, Solomon, statesman, 23.
Assemblies, Jewish, under Alexander I, 117,
128;
under Nicholas I, 151, 173, 174-176;
in Vilna, 165;
under Alexander II, 230;
at Kattowitz, 285.
Auerbach, Berthold, on Maimon, 88.
Austria, Haskalah
in, 12, 188;
influence on Russian Maskilim, 195;
place of study for Russian Jews, 285, 298.
See also Galicia.
Auto-Emancipation, 281-283.
'Ayit Zabua', 244-245.
Baku, antiquity of, 20.
Barit, Jacob
("Yankele Kovner"), scholar, 200, 255, 259.
Bathory, Stephen, 59, 253.
Beer, Michel, champion of Jewish rights, 114.
Behalot, 63, 161.
Behr, Issachar Falkensohn, poet, 90-91,
108.
Belkind, Israel, Zionist, 286.
Belzyc, Jacob Nahman, author, 36.
Bene Mosheh Society, 286.
Bennett, Solomon, of Polotzk, engraver, champion of Jewish rights
in England, 95-96.
Bentwich, on Jewish colonists in Palestine, 289.
Ben Yehudah, Eliezer, Hebraist, 284-285.
Beobachter, Der, an der Weichsel, 124,
196.
Berdichev, 123, 175,
200, 206, 239.
Berek, Joselovich, colonel, 115.
Berlin, 37, 78,
80, 81, 84, 85, 90, 91, 93, 120, 126, 132, 192, 245, 251, 257, 291, 298.
Berlin, Moses, uchony Yevrey, 230.
Berlin, Naphtali Zebi Judah, dean of Yeshibah, 152, 254, 288.
Bernfeld, on Maimon, 86.
Besht, Israel Baal Shem [Tob], referred to, 65, 122, 123; his life, 66-69;
opposition to rabbinism, 67,
70, 71, 75;
his influence, 76;
his biography, 134.
Bet ha-Midrash, description of the, 50-51.
Bet ha-Sefer, in Jaffa, 290-291.
Bet Yehudah, by Levinsohn, 209-210.
Bezalel, school of art, 291.
Bibikov, on Russian Jews, 162.
Bible, the, ancient Russo-Jewish commentaries on, 28;
customs of (according to Elijah Vilna), 74;
the Biur on, 81, 82;
Mendelssohn's translation, 105,
131, 193, 203
translated into Russian, 239,
252.
Bibleitsy (Dukhovnoye Bibleyskoye Bratstvo), 247-248.
Bielski, on Jewish proselytes, 27.
Bilu Society, 286.
Biur, commentary, collaborators on, 81;
welcomed, 82;
banned, 132;
studied, 193;
referred to, 265.
Blood-accusation, 59, 115, 145, 155, 208, 213, 229, 253, 275-276.
Bogdanovich, Judah, merchant, 22.
Bokhara, 127, 271.
Bolingbroke, quoted, 215.
Bompi, Issachar, bibliophile, 166-167,
200.
Bone Zion Society, 286-287.
Book of
Common Prayer, old translation of, 30;
suggested changes in, 175;
new Russian translation, 239,
252.
Brafmann, Jacob, delator, 254.
Bratzlav, 53-54.
Brest-Litovsk, Jewish community in, 20;
granted privileges, 21;
Talmudists of, 34;
persecution of Hasidim in, 76;
Haskalah in, 105, 166, 200.
Brody, 195.
Buchner's Der Talmud in seiner Nichtigkeit, 146.
Buckle, on Russian civilization, 190;
referred to, 245.
Buduchnost, 286.
Byelostok, 113, 199,
201, 294.
Calvinism, in Poland, 56.
Cantonists, 138-139, 142, 171, 225.
Carlyle, quoted, 88, 109.
Caro, Joseph Hayyim, rabbi, 200.
Casal, Jonas, physician, 39.
Casimir IV, Jews under, 26, 253.
Catherine II, favors the Jews, 110-111,
112, 147, 249.
Chamisso, on "the Glusker Maggid," 132,
302.
Chaucer on "beggar students," 48.
Chazanowicz, Joseph, Zionist, 291.
Chernichevsky's What to Do, 257.
Chernigov, Isaac of, Talmudist, 29.
Chernyshev, Governor-General, proclaims religious liberty, 110.
Chiarini, Abbé Luigi, anti-Talmudist, 145, 146.
Chmielnicki, Cossack hetman, 48, 52, 53, 54, 58, 64, 77, 149.
Chozi Kokos, statesman, 23, 55.
Chufut-Kale (Rock of the Jews), 19.
Clement VIII, pope, 72.
Clement XIV, pope, 253.
Clermont-Tonnerre, on Zalkind Hurwitz, 93.
Coën, Moses, court physician and statesman, 40-41.
Cohen, Shalom, litterateur, 99.
Cohn, Tobias, physician, 41-42;
on Polish Jews, 64;
referred to, 101, 298.
Coins, with Hebrew inscriptions, 21.
Colonists, under Nicholas I, 140-144,
160;
under Alexander II, 228;
in America, 283;
in Palestine, 283, 286-289.
Commendoni, on Lithuanian Jews, 24.
Converts to Christianity, 25, 26, 64, 130, 136, 139, 146, 168, 177-178, 248, 254, 260, 270-273, 278-279, 303.
Cossacks, Jews as, 23-24.
Costume, Jewish, origin of, 115;
opposition of Maskilim to, 166,
175;
Friedländer opposes, 170;
enforced change of, by Government, 179;
in Courland, 194.
Council of the Four Countries, 44, 208.
Courland, Jews admitted into, 111;
annexed to Russia, 113;
taxes in, 129;
colonists from, 140;
stronghold of Haskalah, 193-194.
Cracow, 27, 78.
Crémieux, Adolphe, statesman, 154,
175.
Crimea, the, 19, 23.
Crusades, the, 18, 52.
Cyril, apostle to Slavonians, 28.
Czacki, Tadeusz, Polish historian, defends Jews, 114;
praises them, 115.
Czartorisky, Prince, and the Polish Jews, 94,
116.
Czatzskes, Baruch, translator, 124.
Dainov, Zebi Hirsh, "the Slutsker Maggid," 246.
Damascus Affair, the, 155, 208.
Danzig's Hayye Adam, 147.
Darshan, Moses Isaac, "the Khelmer Maggid," 280.
Dead Souls, by Gogol, 257.
Delacrut, philosopher, 37.
Delitzsch, on Dubno, 81;
on Hebrew poetry, 98;
on Satanov, 99.
Delmedigo, Joseph, physician, 24.
Derek Selulah, by Temkin, 146.
Diakov, on Russian Jews, 162, 318 (n. 1).
Dillon, Eliezer, financier, 118, 125.
Dob Bär, biographer of Besht, 123.
Dolitzky, Menahem Mendel, poet, 98, 243.
Dos Polische Yingel, by Linetzky,
242, 244.
Dostrzegacz Nadvisyansky, 196.
Dubno, 65, 200.
Dubno, Solomon, grammarian, 81-82, 98, 105.
Dubnow, Simon, historian, 17.
Dyerzhavin's Mnyenie, 118.
Edels, Samuel (Maharsha), Talmudist, 72.
Efes Dammim, by Levinsohn, 208,
213.
Efrusi, Hayyim, communal worker, 165.
Eger, Akiba, rabbi, 149.
Eisenmenger's Entdecktes Judenthum, 146.
Eishishki, antiquity of, 20.
Eliasberg, Jonathan, rabbi, 288.
Eliasberg, Mordecai, rabbi, 288.
Elijah Gaon, 70-76;
his curriculum of study, 73,
74;
his appreciation of science and influence on Haskalah,
74, 75;
reputed to be the author of Sefer ha-Berit,
102;
his disciples, 119-121, 126, 150;
his biography, Ascension of Elijah, 134;
referred to, 164, 197, 201, 212, 220.
Eliot, George, on Maimon's Autobiography, 88;
referred to, 297.
Elizabeta Petrovna, 57, 135, 195.
Emden, Jacob, Talmudist, 78, 91, 94, 197.
England, Russian Jews in, 29, 93-96, 109;
sympathy of, 154-157, 270.
Entdecktes Judenthum, by Eisenmenger, 146.
Erter, Isaac, satirist, 205, 217.
Esterka, Polish Jewish queen (?), 22.
Euclid, in Hebrew, 105.
Exportation Law of 1843, 152-154, 179.
Eybeschütz, Jonathan, Talmudist, 64,
78.
Falk, Hayyim Samuel Jacob, Baal Shem, 93-94.
Fathers and Sons, by Turgenief, 257.
Finkel, Elijah, educator, 164.
Folk Songs,
137-138, 141,
161, 232, 316 (n. 36), 320 (n. 19).
See also Lullabies.
France, Russian Jews in, 29, 92-93, 96, 109, 298, 300-301.
Franco-Russian war, 116-117, 204.
Frank, physician, 91, 127.
Frank, Jacob (Yankev Leibovich), founder of the Frankists, 64-65, 66, 69, 104, 131.
"Freitisch," 47, 151.
Friedländer, David, scholar and philanthropist, referred to,
105, 237;
on the improvement of Jews in Poland, 169-170.
Frug, Simon, poet, 290, 297.
Fünn, Joseph, historian, 106, 203.
Gaden, Stephen von, court physician and statesman, 40.
Galicia, Haskalah
in, 12, 321 (n.
25);
Hasidism in, 69;
referred to, 163, 195, 205, 291.
See also Austria.
Germany, Haskalah in, 12;
emigration from, 30;
Russo-Polish rabbis in, 33-34;
Russo-Jewish Maskilim in, 77-91,
104, 106;
Hebrew poetry of, 97-98;
object of Maskilim in, 99-100,
107;
Haskalah encouraged by the Government, 102;
by Jewish financiers, 237;
opposition to Haskalah in, 105-106, 131-133, 188;
state of Judaism in,
168-169;
reason for speedy Germanization of Jews in, 191;
Jewish science in, 219;
influence of, on Russian Maskilim, 192-198;
a place of refuge, 252;
restrictions against refugees in, 298-299, 301.
Gibbon, Edward, referred to, 24.
Ginzberg, Asher (Ahad Ha-'Am), and Haskalah, 13.
Glückel von Hameln's Memoirs, 33.
"Glusker Maggid, the," 132, 302.
Goethe on Maimon, 89:
on Behr, 90;
referred to, 189, 192.
Gogol's Jewish traitor, 224;
influence of his Dead Souls, 257.
Gordin, Jacob, ethical culturist, 247.
Gordon, David, litterateur, 284.
Gordon, J.L., and Haskalah, referred to, 13,
252, 261;
poetry of, 98;
and Levinsohn, 212;
on the new era, 232;
attacks the Talmud, 243;
laments the effect of Haskalah, 260;
on Zionism, 290.
Gordon, Jekuthiel, scientist, 92.
Gottlober, Abraham Bär, on Hasidism, 69;
on Luria, 168;
and Levinsohn, 212;
on Russification, 231;
defends Mendelssohn, 265.
Graetz, on Maimon, 83;
on Slavonic Jews, 103.
Granovsky, on Jewish emancipation, 228.
Grazhdanin, 253, 302.
Gregory X, pope, 253.
Grodno, Jewish community in, 20;
a Talmudic centre, 32, 34;
scene of martyrdom, 57;
persecution of Hasidim in, 76;
Talmud published in, 148-149;
Maskilim, 201.
Guizolfi, Zacharias de, statesman, 23,
55, 306 (n. 12).
Günzberg, Benjamin Wolf, student, 91.
Günzburg, Horace, financier, 237.
Günzburg, Joseph Yosel, financier, 237.
Günzburg, Mordecai Aaron, 13, 204, 225;
his life, 213-221;
on Minhagim, 215;
his impress on Hebrew literature, 217-219;
his Abi'ezer, 220.
Gurovich, Marcus, educator, 228.