1. (umgeben, pass.) von = ?
2. staunender Freude, genitive, dependent on adj. voll, full of . . .
3. Euer, Eu(e)re, Euer possessive form of pers. pronoun Ihr, which in earlier language was used in polite address (= modern Sie), your.
4. noch gar nicht (adverb. idiom), not yet, by any means.
5. es (neuter) referring to das Ehegemahl, obsol. (= 1. husband; 2. wife), trans. she.
6. uns. Case? Dependent on? How to render? Cf. page 29, note 1.
1. beim Spinnen, comp. im Stürzen, page 22, note 5.
2. (gesponnen, pass.) von = ?
3. sie hätte . . . gemacht (past subj. for conditional) = sie würde gemacht haben.
1. wäre sie (condit. inversion, wenn omitted) = wenn sie wäre; comp. will’s Gott (page 7, note 4).
2. möge verschonen, solle legen (indirect subj.). Direct: „Verschont mich!“ „Lege mir auf die Haare!“
1. die, with emphasis. Why?
2. würde. Mood? Why? Cf. page 20, note 2.
3. dazu´. Idiom? Cf. page 27, note 1.
4. Distinguish am Hofe (at court) and auf dem Hofe (in the yard).
5. es ist mir um etwas zu thun (impers. phrase), I care for something.
6. daran´ (on [of] it). Idiom?
7. er ließ sich nicht bereden (reflexive for passive) = ? Comp. er ließ sich nicht trösten (page 9, note 10).
8. je mehr . . . um so mehr (for the more common desto mehr), correlat., the more . . . the more . . .
1. was? (colloq.) for warum? why?
2. der´gestalt (der [emphat.] Gestalt, von der Gestalt), phrase formed with adverbial genit. of manner, in such a manner, to such an extent or degree; syn. dermaßen (= von or in dem Maße), 5 lines below.
3. ich habe (idiomat., present tense for future) = ?
4. mir . . . entlaufen. Force of the dative? Cf. page 29, note 1.
1. doch, doch! (adverb. idiom), cf. page 3, note 3.
2. auch (idiomat.) omit in English!
3. Alba Regi´na (Roumanian, pronounce re-dschi´na; the same form as in Latin: alba “white,” and regina “queen,” “queenlike, queenly”). Queen Alba or Queenly (= Noble) White = Edelweiß.
4. das E´delweiß, “LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM” of the botanists, English “Lion’s foot” or “Padelion” (from French Pas-de-lion), a woolly alpine plant, whose large, downy, and star-like white flowers are highly priced by the tourists. In translating retain the German name of the plant.
5. die Goldfäden, cf. page 10, note 10, and also page 24, note 11.
1. die Moldau, (the principality of) Moldavia, the north-eastern part of the kingdom of Roumania.
2. der Bucegi, cf. page 4, note 2.
3. Mosch (Roumanian) = der Alte.
4. er ging (repeated action), he would go.
5. nur (adverbial idiomat.), ever or possibly.
1. um ein Muttergottesbild versammelt. Comp. page 20, note 1.
2. scholl es (indefinite), i.e. voices were heard.
3. was (colloq.), for etwas.
4. der liebe Gott (a most popular phrase), the good Lord or our good father in Heaven.
5. fehlgeschossen! (or fehlgetroffen!) perf. partic., lit.: “missed the mark,” used elliptically in exclamations; transl.: entirely mistaken! or quite out!
6. (den Tschachlau,) den (with emphasis), colloq. repetition of the object; omit in English!
1. es weiß kein Mensch, (es introductory or grammatical subject, the logical subject kein Mensch following after the verb) = kein Mensch weiß.
2. der Dniéstr (Russian, pronounce “Dnyéstr”), a large river of south-western Russia, emptying into the Black Sea near Odessa.
3. klein und krumm, flache Gesichter, gelb wie Citronen, kleine Augen, unmistakable characteristics of the Huns, a savage race from Asia, who about the year 370 A.D. for the first time burst into Europe.
4. sie waren mit ihren Pferden zusammengewachsen, so it was fabled, because they lived and were always seen on horseback. Comp. the ancient Greek myth of the fabulous race of the Centaurs.
5. wo sie hinkamen (separated) for the more common wohin sie kamen.
6. ein Volk von heller Haut, blauäugig, hoch gewachsen, mit langem, gelbem Haar, refers to the Getae (“Goths”), a Teutonic tribe which, in the second century after Christ, had left the shores of the Baltic, their original home, and had taken possession of the land about the Black Sea, thus becoming the Eastern neighbors of the ancient Roumanians.
7. einige konnten mit dem Messer in Holzstäbe schreiben, some of whom knew the art of cutting (or scratching) letters in (willow-)sticks, with reference to the runic characters, which by the priests of the ancient Teutonic tribes, for the purpose of sorcery, were cut in pieces of smoothed wood, generally willow, and which were called “rûn-stafas.”
8. wie viele auch (idiomat.), no matter how many.
9. den Tod, no article in English.
10. einen, refers to Pfeil.
1. der Pruth (pronounce as in German), the boundary-river between Russia and Roumania.
2. der Fürst der gelbhaarigen Leute, i.e. Hermanarich, the king of the Ostrogoths (Eastern Goths), who in the year 375 A.D. succumbed to the Huns.
3. The noun der Mann has a double plural: die Männer, men, and die Mannen, vassals, warriors.
4. jeder nehme! (subj. for missing 3rd pers. sing. of the imperative), let every one take!
5. sie (with emphasis), they themselves (i.e. the Roumanians).
6. herunter konnte. Idiom? Cf. page 5, note 6.
1. es (indef.) konnte keine . . . geben, there could be no . . .
2. den (with emphasis) = diesen, den letztern, this, the latter.
3. wenn . . . auch, even if, no matter whether.
4. der Búcium (Roumanian, pronounce Bútschum, from Græco-Latin: βοῦς; bos). Comp. Latin: “bucina” or “buccina”, the name of the instrument by which in the military camps of the ancient Romans the signals were sounded. Transl. herdman’s horn.
1. ihrer (partitive genitive), of them, dependent on genug.
2. so viele Steine, als sie nur (adverb. idiom), cf. page 39, note 5.
3. machte das Zeichen des Kreuzes, as Catholics do in devotion.
4. was . . . nur, whatever, however much.
1. gegen (against), here: in comparison with, compared with.
2. gesche´he (optative subj., expressing “concession”), may happen; may be done.
3. ohne daß . . . merkten. The preposition ohne cannot govern the infinitive mit zu (see page 12, note 4), when there is a change of subject, but must then be followed by a clause beginning with daß.
1. sich (dat. pl. of reflex. pronoun), for possess. pronoun ihren Weg, cf. page 1, note 8.
2. sie, refers to Länder.
3. As with the preposition ohne (cf. page 12, note 4), the infinitive with zu is used with the preposition anstatt (or statt) when the subject of the infinitive is the same as that of the leading verb. It corresponds to English instead of with the verb-noun in -ing.
4. wieder zu sich kommen (phrase), cf. page 7, note 2.
1. was (= das, was, correlative), indef. neuter sing. for masc. and fem. pl. die, welche.
2. es (neuter). Note agreement with grammatical gender of Menschenkind.
3. Hungers sterben (idiomat. phrase formed with adverb. genit. of manner), to die of hunger, to starve to death.
4. er ließ sich sehen. How to be rendered? Comp. er ließ sich nicht trösten (page 9, note 10) and wenn er sich wieder sehen ließe (page 28, note 3).
5. auf (time, prospectively), for.
6. The English phrases, there is, there are, are expressed by the impersonal es with sein or with geben. With sein the verb agrees with the following predicate noun (e.g. es waren keine Menschen dort), but with geben the verb remains always singular (e.g. es gab keinen Menschen dort, and es gab [there were . . .] keine Menschen dort).
7. was (= das was or alles was). Idiom? Cf. note 1, above.
1. wie (= als wie, as if), seemed.
2. das Suchen, accus., while des Suchens (genit. after müde, tired of something), would be more in accordance with modern usage.
3. es (idiomat.), refers back to the preceding and remains untranslated.
4. abends, force of the genitive? Cf. nachts, page 2, note 6.
5. machte (colloq.), for that.
6. eine Hora, comp. page 1, note 6.
1. Rî´ul (Roumanian, Ri = Lat.: rivus; Eng.: river; Span., Portug., rio; and ul, definite article in Roumanian suffixed to the noun), “the brook”; Dóamnei (Roumanian, pronounce “dōmneĭ,” gen. sing. of “doamna” = Lat. domina) “of the princess,” the Queen’s. Rîul Doamnei, name of a mountain-stream emptying into the Argesch, one of the tributaries of the Lower Danube.
2. unweit dem (dat.), rather uncommon for unweit des (gen.)
3. Campa Lungo (Roumanian, from Latin: Campus Longus, “Longfield”; “Longmeadow”), a mountain-town and summer-resort on the southern slope of the Carpathians, about 100 miles north of Bucharest, the capital of Roumania.
4. immer größer = größer und größer.
1. es (indefinite), either referring to Heuschrecken or to be taken generally = things or affairs.
2. auch noch nicht, not yet . . . either or neither . . . then.
3. am Körper (sing.; collectively), for pl. an ihren Körpern.
4. man. How to be rendered idiomatically? Cf. page 1, note 7.
5. es (introductory) = ? Cf. page 41, note 1.
6. Sonn- noch Feiertag (Sonn- belongs also to tag) = Sonntag noch Feiertag.
7. Leute fanden sich. Idiom? Cf. page 2, note 13.
8. Iri´na (pronounce as in German), Roumanian, woman’s name, from Greek: Εἰρήνη (= “Peace”), Irene.
1. „Lieber Gott!“ a popular address of the Deity; cf. page 40, note 4.
2. solche or (with the indef. article) eine solche . . . or solch eine . . .
3. suche nur (adverb. idiom), with an imperative persuasively, just go in quest (or in search of it)! do search for it!
4. that (did), here: acted or appeared or proceeded.
5. ihnen (privative dative). How to render? Cf. page 29, note 1.
6. nicht einma´l (indef.), not even.
7. den Flüssen nach, in the sense of “in the direction of” the preposition nach follows its case, here: up the rivers.
8. Olto, Gin, Buzlu, Sereth, and Argesch (eight lines below), the names of a few of the numerous rivers which, rising on the southern slope of the Carpathian Mountains, traverse the Roumanian plain and join the Lower Danube on the left.
1. doch (adverb. idiom), with an imperative adds force to the request; please! won’t you?
2. den Argesch, comp. page 49, note 1, and page 51, note 8.
3. wollte = 1. wanted, wished; 2. was about, was at the point; 3. claimed, pretended. Here = ?
4. immer schwererem (cf. page 49, note 4), here = um so schwererem or desto schwererem Herzen, with her heart the heavier (or the more dejected), je kleiner, the smaller . . .
5. von den Steinen, auf denen sie ging, ermattet, for von dem Gehen (or Wandern) auf den Steinen ermattet.
6. wie (conjunction), colloquially for? Cf. page 2, note 4.
7. es war ihr (phrase) = ? Cf. page 2, note 9.
1. konnte. Idiom? Cf. page 5, note 6.
2. sie sog sie, the second sie might well have been avoided by substituting the demonstrat. pron. dieselben.
3. es (indef.) rauschte und rieselte, there was a rustling and drizzling.
4. angerauscht. Note the idiomatic use of the perf. partic. of a verb of motion after kommen, to express the manner of coming. Transl. roaring.
5. den ganzen Tag. Force of the accusative? Cf. page 29, note 3.
6. es (indef.), for das Wasser.
7. sie wand sie aus; cf. note 2, above.
8. als wollte, as if it was to . . . Why the past subjunctive? Cf. page 1, note 5.
9. es (indef.), something.
10. was, what (it was that).
1. wenn auch (= obgleich, obschon, wiewohl), although.
2. wohl (adverb. idiom), probably; no doubt; I suppose.