Haliburton, R. G., 339, 469.

Hammurabi, 349.

Hamy, Ernest, 114, 174.

Hanan-ayllu, upper lineage in Peru, 133.

Hanan Cuzco=the Above, ruled by the Inca, 133;

division of Inca capital including those of upper class, 140, 164.

Hathor-Isis, Egyptian goddess of whom the queen was the living image, 429-437.

Hawk god, in Egyptian zodiac, 400;

on inscriptions in temple of Denderah, 401;

Egyptian god Horus represented with head of hawk, 402;

used as image of Amen-Ra, 412.

in conception of cosmos in ancient Mexico, in secret beliefs of Zuñi priests, associated with rising of celestial bodies, 41;

male region, 42, 54, 62, 65;

sacrifices to, 66;

Montezuma living representative of, 71, 72;

in Zuñi ceremonies, 100;

symbolized as air, light and water, 103;

lords of, buried in wooden effigies placed in high towers, 107;

associated with rounded form;

temples were circular, 113;

on lentil-shaped altar at Copan, 114;

in mushroom-shaped stone figures from San Salvador and Guatemala, 115;

peaked mitre worn by lord of, 116;

represented in Mexican ollin-sign by cone, 118;

symbolized by conical stone on which human victims were sacrificed, 118;

Chinese emblem of, 118;

in Moki Indian dance, 119;

in ancient architecture, 119-121;

on clubs from Brazil and British Guiana, 121;

in Peru, 130-146;

in Tiahuanaco, 166;

in Bogota, 171;

represented by human head, 174;

associated with human figure, 184, 185;

in Mexican tree symbolism, 188, 189;

color associated with, 192;

priests represented with beards on sculptures at Copan and Quirigua, 231;

in Mexican calendar-stone, 249;

in “Divine Twin,” 260;

list of symbols connected with, 278, 282;

in China, 284-290, 298, 299, 301, 306, 307, 344;

Hebrew Jehovah called “God of Heaven,” 304, 323, 351;

in India, 314;

in Persia, 325;

in Assyria and Babylonia, 334, 336, 338, 339;

in Egypt, 429;

in Scandinavia, 474;

table of countries in which traces of cult have been found, 480;

summary and conclusions, 544.

symbolized by human face, 46, 47;

expressed by cross-symbols, 48;

illustrated by double tau-shaped figure, 86;

in connection with Toxcatl festival, 97;

in ancient architecture, 120;

in ancient symbolism 130;

typified by shape of irrigating canals of Peru, 132;

on Copan stelæ, 221;

on summits of high mountains, 283;

in China, 286;

by figure of ocelot and eagle combined, 296;

in Babylonia, 330, 334-346;

in Egypt, 425, 429-438.

Hebrews, 304, 305, 327, 350, 351, 352, 364.

Heliopolis, seat of learning and monotheism in ancient Egypt, 444.

Heraclitus of Ephesus, 452.

Hercules, twelve labors of, 511.

Herodotus, 300, 328, 329, 361, 375, 399, 412, 437, 442-492.

Herrera, 77, 86, 132.

Hesiod, 453.

Hewitt, 453, 480-482, 494-509, 517-524, 565-575.

Hiawatha, 197.

Hieroglyphs, and symbols, on stone monuments of Central America, 218-233;

Yucatan, 234-244;

Mexico, 245-275.

Hilavi, 134.

Hipparchus, 452.

Hippodamus, 486, 516.

Historical Exposition at Madrid, 23.

Ho, ancient name for Merida, on ancient map from Codex Chumazel, 86, 90.

Hochelaga, kingdom of, 197;

Iroquois central capital, 198.

Holcan, title given to war chiefs in Mexico, signifies literally the head of four, 209;

relates to rulership of Four Quarters, 209.

Holmes, W. H., 39-48, 49, 69, 97, 131, 213, 235, 240.

Homer, 451, 452.

Honduras, ancient civilization in, 89, 218;

Peabody Museum Expedition, 512

(see Copan).

Hopi, ceremonial having affinities with the Nahuatl and Maya, 209.

Horizon, western, Nahuatl symbol for=calli, the house, 38.

Horse, sacred animal in Egypt, 409.

Horse-shoe symbol, 106, 107, 108.

Horus, Egyptian God identified with Polaris, 402.

House of the Doves at Uxmal, symbolism of, 131.

Huaca, tribal or household “idol” among the Peruvians, origin of, 138, 139, 140.

Huaxtecans, 64, 125;

Maya colony on Mexican coast, 160, 207, 208.

Huitzilopochtli, tradition concerning, 12;

represented as humming-bird, 26;

connected with Above, the male region, 42;

the traditional leader of the Aztecs, 57;

tradition concerning sister of, 60;

associated with blue color, 62;

represented by Montezuma, 71;

title of, “Heart of the Heaven,” 72;

companion idol to that of Tezcatlipoca in great temple of Mexico, 80;

monolith in Mexico, 245;

statue of, 265.

Human arm, symbol of one of the divisions of state in Mexico, 175.

Human bones, used as rebus, 183;

reason of decoration, 184.

Human breath, symbolism of, 9, 10

(see also Breath).

Human face, used symbolically, 47;

in centre of ollin sign, 54;

on sculpture at Tiahuanaco, 169;

in Mexican calendar, 169;

in Central American sculptures, 221;

in Copan sculpture, 222;

in Mexican calendar-stone, 248;

summary, 281.

Human faces, of silver and mosaic, on necklace of statue, 265.

Human figure, in sacrifice regarded as symbolic of Middle and Four Quarters, 91;

in mushroom-shaped stone figure, 114;

in Vienna Codex, 123;

statue of man and woman, symbolized duality in Peru, 134;

Inca gold image of Creator and of the sun, 135;

image of the State in Mexico, 174;

associated with Four Quarters of the Above, 184;

combined with animal figure, symbol of dual State, 185;

on Copan stelæ, 219-227;

at Quirigua, 231, 232, 233, 234;

in sculpture at Palenque, and in Mexican Féjérvary chart, 235-240;

recapitulation of meaning of symbol;

image of constitution and calendar system;

calendar signs identified with, 282;

seated cross-legged, emblem of stable Centre, 283;

parts of, assigned to cardinal points in China, 294;

in Zuñi, 295;

significance of, in sculpture, 295;

on stela, represented the chief and his term of office, 295;

summary of its use as symbol, 296;

statue of Buddha conveys idea of swastika, also of Centre, 315;

combined with animal in Babylonian symbolism, 335;

winged, bird-headed human figure on Assyrian bas-relief, 366;

in Egypt, 378, 379, 400, 437, 438;

in the island of Crete, 457, 458.